MDCAT

English
Quick Practice Book
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Chapter 06
Verbs

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Verbs
Verb is a word that expresses an action or state of being.

Action Words:
▪ Ali plays hockey in the ground.
▪ My fath er called me today at 12 pm.
▪ Boys are fighting with each other.
▪ Ali has been running for half an hour today.

State of Being:
▪ I am a teacher.
▪ She was a good musician.
▪ She looks pretty.
▪ The grapes taste sweet.

Types of Verb
i. Transitive Verb
ii. Intransitive Verb

Transitive Verb:
Transitive verbs have a direct object with them.

Examples:
▪ Ali played cricket at his home.
▪ I have been repairing the mobile phones for two weeks.
▪ The barber has cut the hair.

Intransitive Verb:
Intransitive verbs do not have a direct object.

Examples:
▪ The car was running fast.
▪ He sleeps till late morning.

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Some Confusing Verbs
1 Tell The teacher told me that the sun is not static.

Say She said that she had done all her work.

2 Raise Hazrat Halima raised Holy Prophet (PBUH).

Rise The sun rises in the east.

3 Lay His hen does not lay an egg daily.

Lie The baby is lying in the cradle.

4 Set Norma set the button unit on the table.

Sit Jess Sat on the little oak stump near his father.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

i. Regular Verb:
Regular verbs are those verbs whose past (2nd form) and past participle (3rd form) end
with “-ed”.

1st Form 2nd Form 3rd Form

(Present) (Past) (Past Participle)
Operate Operated Operated

Play Played Played

Convert Converted Converted

Drain Drained Drained

Solve Solved Solved

Polish Polished Polished

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 ii. Irregular Verb:
Irregular verbs are those verbs whose past (2nd form) and past participle (3rd form) do
not end with “-ed”.

1st Form 2nd Form 3rd Form

(Present) (Past) (Past Participle)
Fall Fell Fallen
Sink Sank Sunk
Beat Beat Beaten
Drive Drove Driven
Drink Drank Drunk
Forget Forgot Forgotten

Verbal Nouns
Verbal noun is a form of verb that functions as a noun in a sentence.

1. Gerund:
Present participle form (Verb + ing) that functions as a noun is called a gerund.

Examples:
▪ Cooking is my hobby.
▪ Teaching is my profession.
▪ He is fond of swimming.

Verbs followed by Gerund:

Admit, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, love, hate, like, dislike, finish, keep

Examples:
▪ He avoids playing cards in presence of his father.
▪ He denied having told a lie.

Certain expressions followed by Gerund:

Feel like, get used to, be used to, can’t stand, can’t help, it’s no use, look
forward, be fed up with, be fond of, don’t mind, would mind, give up
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Examples:
▪ I would not mind going with you at all, but my father wants me to join him.
▪ It’s no use cracking jokes in front of him.

Prepositions Followed by Gerund:

Before, after, instead of, good at, interested in

Examples:
▪ Faiza is good at using microscope.
▪ Instead of getting emotional on your father’s advice, you should think positively
about what he says.

2. Infinitive:
The base form of verb followed by another verb is called an infinitive.

Forms of Infinitive:
The infinitive of a verb has two forms:

i. Full Infinitive
“To + Base form of verb” is called full infinitive.

Verbs followed by Full Infinitive:

Afford, Agree, Appear, Choose, Pretend, Learn, Manage, Happen, Want,

Hope, Aim, Decide, Promise, Expect, Plan, would like

Examples:
▪ I promise to stand by you through thick and thin.
▪ She has decided to resign from the job.

Adverbs and Adjectives followed by full infinitive:

Glad, Pleased, Disappointed, Enough, too

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Examples:
▪ The water is too cold to drink.
▪ I am glad to inform you that I have passed my MDCAT for K.E.

ii. Bare Infinitive

Infinitive without “to” is called bare infinitive.

Verbs followed by bare infinitive:

let, make, help, hear, had better, would rather, used to, can’t help but
After modal verbs

Examples:
▪ My mother made me take my breakfast early in the morning today.
▪ You must obey your parents.

Verbs with either Gerund or Infinitive:

I. With little or no difference in meaning:
Following verbs can follow both Gerund and Infinitive with little or no difference in
meaning:

intend, start, begin, love, like, hate, prefer, continue

Examples:
▪ Ali loves to walk in the rain.
▪ Ali loves walking in the rain.

II. With difference in meaning:

Following verbs can follow both gerund and infinitive with meaning in difference:

regret, remember, forget, mean, go on

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 Regret
Infinitive Gerund
Looks into the future Looks into the past
I remember to write to my father every I remember writing to my father every
weekend. weekend.

Subjunctive Verb
Subjunctive verb is used when talking about an action or event that is not certain to
happen. For example, use the subjunctive when somebody:

▪ Wants to happen
▪ Anticipates will happen
▪ Imagines happening
▪ Use of Base Subjunctive

Use of Base Subjunctive

The base subjunctive is used in “that clause” after two structures.

i. Suggest-Verb (or noun) + That Clause

Recommend, request, suggest, advise, ask, desire, insist, order, prefer,

propose, command, demand, proposal, suggestion, recommendation.

Examples:
▪ The General ordered the army that they attack on the enemy at once.
▪ The suggestion is that he go out with his wife.

ii. Advisable –adjective + That Clause

Desirable, essential, advisable, best, crucial, important, necessary, vital,

unthinkable, urgent, determined, eager, keen, imperative

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Examples:
▪ It is necessary that he wear the dress coat mentioned by the organization.
▪ Atika is determined that she pass the exams this time.

Use of Past Subjunctive

1. Unreal or Imaginary Condition:
Use past subjunctive for unreal conditions. Such sentences usually contain clauses that
start with “as if”, “as though”, “I wish” “would that” etc.
“were” will be used for Be forms in past subjunctive
Examples:
▪ I wish I were the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
▪ He behaved as if he had done his work.

2. High Time + Past Subjunctive:

It's (high) time + past subjunctive expresses that something should be done and that it
is already a bit late.
Example:
▪ It is high time that the minister announced the project.

Causative Verbs
Causative verbs are used to show that someone or something caused something to
happen.

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 Let, Make, Get, Have, Help

1. Let:
Permit something to happen
Let + Person/Thing + Base form of verb
Examples:
▪ My mother never lets me leave the house after 8 pm.
▪ Let me work in peace.

2. Make:
Force or require someone to take an action.
Make + Person + First form of verb (Active Voice)
Make + to + First form of Verb (Passive Voice)
Examples:
▪ Ali made his brother complete his homework before playing cricket.
▪ The daughter was made to sit in silence when the guests arrived.

3. Get:
Convince/encourage someone to do something.
Get + Person + to -- First form of verb
Get + Thing + 3rd form of Verb
Examples:
▪ I have got my friend to complete my work.
▪ She got her car washed yesterday.

4. Have:
Give someone else the responsibility to do something.
Have + Person + -- First form of verb
Have + Thing + 3rd form of Verb
Examples:
▪ I will have the mechanic examine my car.
▪ We are having a new house built now.

5. Help:
Assist someone in doing something.
Help + Person + First form of verb
Help + Person + to .. First form of Verb

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Examples:
▪ My mother helped me do my work.
▪ My mother helped me to do my work.

Verb Without Preposition

Following verbs do not follow any preposition

1 Love She loves her father.

2 Hate I don’t hate anybody.
3 Lack He has lack of aesthetic sense.
4 Attack Terrorists attack the peaceful areas to spread terror.
5 Reach The train reached the platform on time.
6 Obey He obeys his parents.
7 Order He ordered an online book.
8 Ask I asked him many questions.
9 Resemble Alina resembles her sister.
10 Enter The boys entered the stadium and enjoyed themselves.
11 Marry Aliya married Bilal last year.
Married to Aliya was married to Bilal last year.
(Passive)

Tenses
Simple Continuous/ Perfect Perfect Continuous
Progressive

Present V1 Is/am/are Has/have Has/have + been Ving

s/es + +
Ving V3
Past V2 Was/were had Had +
+ + been Ving
Ving V3
Future Will/shall Will/shall Will/shall Will/shall
+ + have + have beenVing
V1 be Ving +V3

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Correction of Verb in Sentences (Tenses)

Tense Key Words Examples

Present ▪ Habit/Routine ▪ The principal visits the classes

Indefinite ▪ Universal truths on every Monday.
Key Words: ▪ He always gets late.
Every day, month, week, year; ▪ The hens lay eggs round the
always, sometimes, never, year.
frequently, usually, rarely.

Present ▪ Continue action ▪ The baby is crying for milk

Continuous ▪ Near Future/planning now.
Key Words: ▪ He is leaving for Islamabad
Now, right now, at this moment, next week.
currently, this month, this ▪ It is raining here at this
year…. moment.

Present ▪ Action completed. ▪ Ali has just finished his work.

Perfect Key Words: ▪ Sofia and Alina have already
Just, already, ever, never, once, presented their proposal.
twice, several times, by now, up ▪ Pakistan has won the match
to now, so far, before, since, today.
for, lately, recently

Present ▪ Actions started in past and is ▪ Pakistan has been fighting

Perfect still going on. against terrorism since 2001.
Continuous Key Words: ▪ She has been waiting for me
Since, For, how long, all day, all for a long while.
morning, in years.

Past Indefinite Key Words: ▪ The teacher assigned to write

▪ Yesterday; a letter yesterday.
▪ Ago; ▪ I got first position last year.
▪ Last;
▪ in (past year);
▪ Once upon a time……
Past Key Words: ▪ The bus moved while I was
Continuous ▪ While; boarding it.

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 ▪ When; ▪ I was studying when my father
▪ At (some time in past) came home.
▪ Ali was sleeping at 5 O’clock
yesterday.

Past Perfect ▪ Action completed in past. ▪ I had done my work before

Key Words: the time finished.
By the time, before, after, ▪ After he had gone to college,
When (in meanings ‘by the time, his mother locked the house.
after’);
By (some time in past)

Past perfect Actions started in past and was ▪ He had been driving for two
continuous still continued then…. hours when his car broke
Key Words: down.
For, since, how long, before, ▪ I had been studying Political
after, when Science since 2019 when I got
first position.
Future Key Words: ▪ China will soon export Corona
Indefinite ▪ Tomorrow vaccine.
▪ Next (any time) ▪ I shall appear in exams next
▪ Coming (any time) year.
▪ Soon ▪ The students will play games
tomorrow in the Sports Gala.
Future Key Words: ▪ Pakistan will be winning the
Continuous At some time in future match at 5 pm next Sunday.
▪ He will be taking his breakfast
at this time next week.
Future Perfect ▪ Action will be completed in ▪ Pakistan will have won the
future. match by the time we reach
Key Words: home.
By (some time in future) ▪ I shall have finished this task
In ( some time in future) by tomorrow.

Future Perfect Key Words: ▪ In 2021, she will have been

Continuous For, since working Nearpeer for three
By the time years.
▪ When she will turn forty, she
will have been playing music
for twenty-one years.

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Linking Verbs
These verbs are often followed by adjectives instead of adverbs. In these sentences
the adjective describes the subject of the sentence and not the verb.

Appear, be, become, feel, get, go, grow, look, prove, remain, seem, smell,
sound, stay, taste, turn

How to identify a linking verb?

If the sense of a sentence does not change by replacing a verb with Be form “is, am,
are, was, were” it is a linking verb.
Examples:
▪ He feels relaxed. = He is relaxed (sense matches, hence feel is a linking verb
here).
▪ He feels pains. ≠ He is pains. (sense does not match, hence feel is not a linking
verb here).

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