Weight and Balance/ Equipment List
Weight and Balance/ Equipment List
Weight and Balance/ Equipment List
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Airplane Weighing Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Sample Weight and Balance Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Airplane Weighing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Weight and Balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
CLCalc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Weight and Balance Record (Load Manifest) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Crew and Passenger Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Baggage/Cargo Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Cabin Cargo Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Cargo Pod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Maximum Zone/Compartment Loadings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26
Center of Gravity Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
Cargo Load Restraint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Prevention of Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Transportation of Hazardous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30
Equipment List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30
Cabin Internal Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31
Pod Internal Dimensions and Load Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33
Cabin Internal Load Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34
Cargo Barrier and Barrier Nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-35
Cargo Partition Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36
Maximum Cargo Sizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37
Cargo Tie-Down Attachments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38
Cabin Internal Loading Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-40
Cargo Pod Loading Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-43
Loading-Tie-Down by Zone and Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44
Typical Cargo Restraint Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-45
Weight and Moment Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46
Sample Loading Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-52
Center of Gravity Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-54
Center of Gravity Moment Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-55
WARNING
It is the responsibility of the pilot to make sure that
the airplane is loaded properly. Operation outside
of prescribed weight and balance limitations could
result in an accident and serious or fatal injury.
Figure 6-1
Figure 6-2
NOTE
In addition to the basic empty weight and moment noted on
these records, the C.G. arm (Fuselage Station) is also
shown, but need not be used on the Sample Loading
Problem. The moment which is shown must be divided by
1000 and this value used as the moment/1000 on the
loading problem.
NOTE
Information on the Weight and Moment Tables for different
fuel grades is based on average fuel density at fuel
temperatures of 60°F. However, fuel weight increases
approximately 0.1 pounds per gallon for each 25°F
decrease in fuel temperature. Therefore, when
environmental conditions are such that the fuel temperature
is different than shown in the chart heading, a new fuel
weight calculation should be made using the 0.1 pounds
per gallon increase in fuel weight for each 25°F decrease in
fuel temperature. Assume the tanks are completely filled
and the fuel temperature is at 35°F (25°F below the 60°F
noted on the chart).
Total the weights and moments/1000 and plot these values on the
Figure 6-18, Center of Gravity Moment Envelope to determine whether
the point falls within the envelope, and if the loading is acceptable.
WARNING
It is the responsibility of the pilot to make sure that
the airplane is correctly loaded. Operation outside
of prescribed weight and balance limitations could
result in an accident and serious or fatal injury.
CLCALC
Loading calculations may also be completed using the CLCalc
application included in the CESNAV software package. CLCalc is
approved for use as an alternative source to the FAA Approved Weight
and Balance Manual to determine weight and balance data for a
particular flight. CLCalc and the Weight and Balance Manual methods
are each equally valid sources of weight and balance data; however,
the operator must use data from only one of these sources for a given
determination. Instructions for completing a loading calculation using
CLCalc are included in the Help menu of the CLCalc application.
NOTE
If weight to be loaded does not match one of the weight
increments provided, and a more precise weight index is
needed, use the LOAD ITEM INDEX formula on the
backside of the Weight and Balance Record (Load
Manifest) to calculate the index. However, as shown in the
sample calculation below for a 315-pound load (instead of
300 pounds) in cabin Zone 1, minor weight variables do not
affect the weight index significantly. The ARM used in the
following calculation is the centroid of cabin Zone 1 as
shown on the diagram on the backside of the record.
5. Add weight of pod cargo, pilot, passenger, and TKS fluid (if
installed) to sub-total weight for cabin cargo and enter this value
as the weight of the total payload; the sum of all item indices
recorded is the item index for the total payload. For calculation
purposes, enter only the last three digits of the total in the ITEM
INDEX columns.
WARNING
None of the airplane seats are approved for
installation facing aft.
Cargo can be loaded through the large, almost square, two-piece cargo
door. The floor is flat from the firewall (FS 100.0) to the aft side of the
cargo door (FS 332.0), except for a small area around the rudder
pedals. This area is limited to a 200 pound per square foot maximum
allowable loading.
In the front passenger seat area, FS 125.00 to 159.98, “I” section seat
tracks are installed where tiedown block assemblies can be clamped to
the tracks to serve as tiedown attachment points.
If rope, cable or other fittings are used for tiedowns, they should be
rated at a minimum of 2100 pounds when used with all fittings noted in
Figure 6-10, Cargo Tie-Down Attachments. The only exception is the
double-stud quick-release tiedowns which require a 3150 pound rating.
On Cargo Versions, the sidewalls in the cargo area are marked with
vertical lines to facilitate the identification of six loading zones.
Markings located on the sidewalls between the lines identify each zone
by number and display the maximum load which can be carried within
the zones. Refer to Figure 6-6, Cabin Internal Load Markings (Cargo
Version), for maximum zone weight limits.
CAUTION
The maximum load values marked in each zone are
predicated on all cargo being tied down within the
zones.
On Cargo Versions, a horizontal line labeled “75%” is prominently
marked along each sidewall as a loading reference. As indicated on a
placard on the lower cargo door, zones forward of the last loaded zone
must be at least 75% full by volume. Whenever possible, each zone
should be loaded to its maximum available volume prior to loading the
next zone. An additional placard located on the right sidewall between
Zones 5 and 6 cautions that if the load in Zone 5 exceeds 400 pounds,
a cargo partition net is required aft of the load or the load must be
secured to the floor. Refer to Figure 6-6, Cabin Internal Load Markings
(Cargo version), for additional details on installed placards and loading
requirements.
A cargo barrier and three barrier nets may be installed directly behind
the pilot’s and front passenger’s seats. The barrier and nets prevent
loose cargo from moving forward into the pilot’s and front passenger’s
area during an abrupt deceleration.
The cargo barrier nets consist of three nets, one for the left sidewall,
one for the right sidewall, and one for the center. The left and right nets
fill in the space between the barrier assembly and the airplane
sidewalls. The side nets are fastened to the airplane sidewalls and the
edge of the barrier with six quick-release fasteners each, three on each
side. The center net fills in the opening in the top center of the barrier.
The center net is fastened with four fasteners, two on each side.
Horizontal lines labeled 75% are marked on the aft side of the cargo
barrier. Placards above the horizontal lines caution that the maximum
allowable load behind the barrier is 3400 pounds total, and that zones
forward of the last loaded zone must be at least 75% full by volume.
Refer to Figure 6-7, Cargo Barrier and Barrier Nets, for additional
details on installed placards and loading requirements.
WARNING
• When utilized, the cargo barrier and its attached
nets provide cargo forward crash load restraint
and protection of the pilot and front passenger;
however, the cargo must still be secured to
prevent it from shifting due to takeoff, flight,
landing, and taxi accelerations and
decelerations.
• On the passenger version, if passengers as well
as cargo, are located aft of the barrier, cargo
placement must allow movement and exit of the
passengers and the cargo must be secured for
crash load restraint conditions. Refer to Cargo
Load Restraint in this section for additional
information concerning cargo restraint with and
without a cargo barrier.
• Make sure the barrier net fasteners are secured
for takeoff, landing, and inflight operations, and
are momentarily detached only for movement of
the nets for loading/unloading of items through
the crew area.
Cargo partition nets are available and can be installed to divide the
cargo area into convenient compartments. Partitions may be installed in
all of the five locations at FS 188.7, 246.8, 282.0, 307.0 and 332.0. The
cargo partitions are constructed of canvas with nylon webbing
reinforcement straps crisscrossing the partition for added strength. The
ends of the straps have quick-release fasteners which attach to the
floor tracks and two floor-mounted anchor plates located just forward of
the raised cargo floor and other anchor plates on the sidewalls and
ceiling. Four straps have adjustable buckles for tightening the straps
during installation of the partition. Refer to Figure 6-8, Cargo Partition
Nets, for additional details.
Zones divided by cargo partitions can be loaded without additional
tiedowns if a total loaded density for each partitioned zone does not
exceed 7.9 pounds per cubic foot and the zone is more than 75% full.
Cargo loading that does not meet these requirements must be secured
to the cabin floor.
CAUTION
The maximum cargo partition load is the sum of any
two zones. No more than two adjacent zones can be
divided by one partition. The partitions are designed to
prevent the cargo from shifting forward and aft in flight.
They should not be considered adequate to withstand
crash loads and do not replace the need for a cargo
barrier.
Various tiedown belt assemblies and tiedown ring anchors are available
for securing cargo within the airplane. The belts may also be used for
tying down the airplane. A standard configuration consists of three
3000-pound rated belts with ratchet-type adjusters and six single-stud,
quick-release tiedown ring anchors.
CARGO POD
The airplane can be equipped with an 111.5 cubic foot capacity cargo
pod attached to the bottom of the fuselage. The pod is divided into four
compartments (identified as Zones A, B, C, and D) by bulkheads and
has a maximum floor loading of 30 pounds per square foot and
maximum load weight limit of 1090 pounds.
Each compartment has a loading door located on the left side of the
pod. The doors are hinged at the bottom, and each has two latches.
When the latch handles are rotated to the horizontal position with the
doors closed, the doors are secured. Refer to Figure 6-5, Pod Internal
Dimension and Load Markings, and Figure 6-12, Cargo Pod Loading
Arrangements for additional information on loading cargo in the cargo
pod.
**UNSECURED
ZONE/ VOLUME *SECURED USING C.G.
COMPART- (CUBIC BY PARTITIONS OR (STATION
MENT FEET) TIE-DOWNS IN CARGO POD LOCATION)
CAUTION
• This shaded area should be used only if accurate
C.G. determination can be obtained.
• Exercise caution while loading or unloading heavy
cargo through the cargo doors. An ideal loading in
every other respect can still cause tail tipping and
structural damage if proper weight distribution is
ignored. For example, heavy cargo loaded through
the doors and placed momentarily in Zones 4 and 5,
plus the weight of personnel required to move it to a
forward zone, could cause an out-of-balance
condition during loading.
PREVENTION OF MOVEMENT
Cargo restraint requires the prevention of movement in five principal
directions: forward, aft, upward (vertical), left (side), and right (side).
These movements are the result of forces exerted upon the cargo due
to acceleration or deceleration of the airplane in takeoffs and landings
as well as forces due to air turbulence in flight. Correct restraint
provides the proper relationship between airplane configuration (with or
without cargo barrier), weight of the cargo, and the restraint required.
Cargo must be tied down for flight, landing, and taxi load, and/or crash
load. When a cargo barrier is not installed, all cargo must be prevented
from movement in the five principal directions and secured to provide
crash load restraint. The maximum rated loads specified for loadings
without a cargo barrier is shown in Figure 6-10 (Sheet 1), Cargo
Tiedown Attachments, and should be used for each tiedown.
Consistent use of these loading criteria is important, and it is the
responsibility of the pilot to make sure the cargo is restrained properly.
When a cargo barrier is installed, cargo aft of the barrier must also be
secured to prevent movement in the five principal directions, but only to
the extent that shifting due to flight, landing, and taxi loads is provided.
The maximum rated loads specified for loadings with a cargo barrier
installed is shown in Figure 6-10 (Sheet 1), Cargo Tiedown
Attachments, and should be used for each tiedown. With a barrier
installed, all cargo must be loaded such that loading zones forward of
the last loaded zone must be 75% full by volume.
WARNING
In special loading arrangements which allow the
carriage of passengers as well as cargo behind the
barrier in the passenger version, all cargo must be
secured to prevent movement in the five principal
directions and provide the same crash load
restraint as though a barrier was not installed using
the maximum rated loads specified for loading
without a barrier. In this arrangement, cargo
placement must allow for movement and exit of the
passengers. The pilot must be responsible to make
sure proper load restraint in all loadings.
EQUIPMENT LIST
For a complete list of equipment installed in the airplane as delivered
from the manufacturer, refer to the equipment list furnished with the
airplane.
Figure 6-5
Figure 6-6
NOTE
• Installation of the fire extinguisher on the cargo barrier is
not shown.
• The cargo barrier and attached barrier nets must be
installed to provide forward crash load restraint.
• The quick-release fasteners which secure the center and
side barrier nets allow momentary detachment of the
nets for loading and unloading of items through the crew
area.
Figure 6-7
NOTE
• Partition nets are available for installation at Fuselage Stations 188.7,
246.8, 282.0, 307.0 and 332.0.
• If partitions are used, they must be used in conjunction with the cargo
barrier. Partitions are not designed to withstand crash loads, therefore
they cannot be considered as a replacement for the barrier.
• Each partition will withstand the forward and aft operational loads applied
during takeoff, flight, and landing by any two zones forward or aft of the
partition. Use of the partitions will allow loading of the zones without tying
down the cargo if the load density is no more than 7.9 pounds per cubic
foot and the zone is more than 75% full. Cargo loading that does not meet
these requirements must be secured to the cabin floor.
Figure 6-8
NOTE
1. Approximately one inch clearance allowed from sidewall and
ceiling.
2. Subtract roller height and pallet thickness, if applicable.
Figure 6-9
NOTE
1. * Pilot or front passenger center of gravity on adjustable seats
positioned for an average occupant with the seat locking pin
at Fuselage Station 145.0. Numbers in parentheses indicate
forward and aft limits of occupant center of gravity range.
2. ** Cargo area center of gravity in Zones 1 thru 6 based on the
mid point of the zone.
3. Vertical lines marked on the cargo area sidewalls or the
forward face of the raised floor (Fuselage Station 332.0) can
be used as a convenient reference point for determining the
location of occupant or cargo Fuselage Station.
NOTE
1. * Pilot or front passenger center of gravity on adjustable seats
positioned for an average occupant with the seat locking pin
at FS 145.0. Numbers in parentheses indicate forward and
aft limits of occupant center of gravity range.
2. ** Cargo area center of gravity in Zones 1 thru 6 based on the
mid point of the zone.
3. The forward face of the raised floor (FS 332.0) can be used
as a convenient reference point for determining the location
of occupant or cargo Fuselage Stations.
4. When a cargo barrier is installed, two-place Commuter seat
4 and 5 or individual Commuter seats 3 and 4 must be
removed. Mission requirements will dictate if any aft
passenger seating is to remain installed.
Figure 6-11 (Sheet 2)
NOTE
1. * Cargo bay center of gravity in Zones A, B, C, and D.
2. Compartment bulkheads that separate Zones A and B (FS
154.75), Zones B and C (FS 209.35), and Zones C and D
(FS 257.35) can be used as a reference point for determining
the location of cargo Fuselage Stations.
Figure 6-12
NOTE
1. If cargo partitions are not utilized, individual loads must be
secured by adequate tiedowns over tarps.
2. Protection against hazardous materials has been provided in
the fuselage bilge area under the cargo compartment from
FS 168.0 to 356.0. These materials can be carried in any
location within this area.
Figure 6-13
Figure 6-14
WARNING
It is the responsibility of the pilot to make sure that
the airplane is loaded correctly. Operation outside
of prescribed weight and balance limitations could
result in an accident and serious or fatal injury.
Figure 6-17
WARNING
• Because loading personnel may not always be
able to achieve an ideal loading, a means of
protecting the C.G envelope is provided by
supplying an aft C.G. location warning (shaded
area) between 38.33% mac and the maximum aft
c.g. of 40.33% mac on the center of gravity
moment envelope. Points falling within this
shaded area should be used only if accurate C.G.
determination for cargo loadings can be
obtained.
• It is the responsibility of the pilot to make sure
that the airplane is loaded correctly. Operation
outside of prescribed weight and balance
limitations could result in an accident and
serious or fatal injury.
Figure 6-18