1

GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHILI PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM) USING

SEAWEEDS AND GARLIC EXTRACTS.

RAYHANNA S. NALIG

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

(HORTICULTURE)
 2

GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHILI PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM) USING

SEAWEEDS AND GARLIC EXTRACTS.

RAYHANNA S. NALIG

Undergraduate Thesis Outline Submitted to the College of Agriculture,

South East Asian Institute of Technology, Inc., Crossing Rubber
Tupi,South Cotabato. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

(HORTICULTURE)

NOT SURE(JUNE 2023?)

 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page no.

CHAPTER I-INTRODUCTION

Importance of study

Objective of the study

Scope and limitations of the study

Time and place of the study

CHAPTER II-REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER III-MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials

Methods

A. Experimental design and field lay-out

B. Field lay-out of the study
C. Sample plot
D. Land preparation
E. Raising seedlings
F. Transplanting
G. Preparation of seaweeds and garlic extract
H. Application of fertilizer
I. Water management
J. Weed management
K. Harvesting

DATA TO BE GATHERED
 4

Plant height (cm)

Number of leaves

Length of leaves (cm)

Width of leaves (cm)

Length of roots (cm)

Weight of marketable plants (kg)

Weight of non-marketable plants (kg)

Yield (ton/ha)

STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS

DUMMY TABLE

LITERATURE CITED

APPENDICES

A. Budgetary requirements
B. Major core courses
C. Application for research title
D. Approval sheet for thesis outline defense
E. Certificate of statistician
 5

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Peppers, often known as chilies, are widely regarded as a well-

balanced source of most necessary elements among the many vegetables
available around the world. Chilies have long been known to be high in
minerals, pro vitamin A, vitamins C and E, carotenoids, and phenolic
compounds, metabolites with well-known antioxidant qualities that have a
positive impact on human health (Materska & Perucka, 2005; Sun, Powers, &
Tang, 2007). Incorporating a pepper-rich diet into one's diet can thus aid in the
ongoing battle against vitamin deficiencies.

Chili pepper is one of the most important vegetables for both

international export and domestic consumption in Aceh, Indonesia. According
to Harpenas and Dermawan1 and Syafruddinet al.2, it has high nutritional and
economic value. In Indonesia, the national productivity of chili peppers is still
very low, totaling only 7.34 t ha – 1. According to central statistics, Aceh 3
produced only 6.54 t ha – 1 in 2013. Generally, the national productivity of
Indonesian peppers can reach up to 12 t ha – 1. Plant biomass productivity
must be improved through the use of biological control agents such as
Bacteria 4,5 and Mycoliza 6, fertilization 7, strengthening and expansion of
land management 8. syafuddin et al.17 . Chili is a unique and well-known
spice in the majority of countries around the world. It's scorching a strong
flavor Capsaicin is the active ingredient in chili peppers-a bioactive molecule
that binds to other bioactive compounds to the pain receptors. It gives off a
strong burning feeling. The red color is caused by capsanthin, a potent
antioxidant. The hue of ripe fruit Chili originates in Central America and
spreads southward. There is a lot of commercial value and a lot of genetic
diversity. A detailed account of the crop in terms of its origin, distribution,
 6

botanical description and normal crop husbandry Arimboor, R.,Natarajan, R.

B., .

Seaweed extract application is as a result of many components that

may work synergistically, although the mode of action still remains unknown.
Reported that seaweed extracts have gained in popularity due to their
potential use in organic and sustainable agriculture. The use of products
based on seaweeds is becoming more common in vegetables production.
Many studies are investigated the influence of seaweed extracts on the yield,
also on some quality parameters which important for consumers. Recent
studies emphasized on the natural seaweeds are being used as substitute of
synthetic fertilizer. Extractions of seaweed are marketed as liquid fertilizers
and bio-stimulants because they contain multiple growth regulators such as
cytokinis,auxins, gibberellins and also contain a macro and micronutrients
necessary for plant growth and development. The beneficial effect of growth
and the development of the plant

Garlic is known for having a high amino acid content. Methionime and
Cysteine, for example, are sulfur-containing compounds. contains vitamins,
hormones, and disinfectants that are beneficial to the body Allicin, for
example, is concentrated in lobes that fall inside the chemicals that are
therapeutic Allicin is a component of garlic. As a result of the degradation of
garlic, it is released. When garlic is crushed, the enzyme Alliinase releases
alliin. extraction of a clove (Krest and Keusgen, 1999). Whey is a type of dairy
product.one of the most common by-products of cheese production because it
supplies vital minerals in leaf fertilization Whey proteins, lactose sugar, fat,
nutrients, and a few more things dietary supplements. Department in the
Kurdistan Region of Iraq. to see how different treatments, such as sea weed
(Alga Mix), affect the outcome 0 ml.l-1, 5 ml.l-1, and 10 ml.l-1) and Garlic
extraction at different levels (0, 10%, and 20%) V/V on growth as well as
cauliflower yield The Effect of Alga Mix (10 ml-1) grew greatly in Plant height
 7

(47.14 cm), stem diameter, and other vegetative growth parameters

(Measurement in millimeters: 21.18). In addition, utilizing a garlic extraction
with 20% V/V considerably improved the results.Plant height (45.65 cm) and
leaf number (34.11 leaf.plant-1) diameter of the stem (21.31 mm), curd fresh
weight (g.plant-1), plant fresh weight (2030.33 g) Plant-1 (613.0 g) source
plant-1 weight (121.00 g). Based on these findings, Alga Mix may be
recommended. Individually or in combination, garlic extraction and be
important individually or in combination to improve the growth and
productivity. )." PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY (PASCUAL, PET ROEY L et.al,2020).
 8

Objective of the study

1. To determine the growth and yield of chili pepper as using

seaweeds and garlic extracts;
2. To determine the growth and yield of chili pepper as using
seaweeds and garlic extracts;
3. To determine the best concentration of seaweeds and garlic
extracts on the growth yield of chili pepper.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study will be limited on the growth and yield of chili pepper
(Capsicum annuum) using seaweeds and garlic extracts.

Time and Place of the Study

This study will be conducted from March to June 2022 at Purok

Malipayon, Barangay Ambalgan Sto.niño South Cotabato
 9

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Seaweed Extract

Seaweed and plant extracts can be used as biostimulants throughout

the growing process of vegetables. As a result of their beneficial impacts on
plant growth, this research was conducted. undertaken at the University of
Sulaimani's Horticulture Department in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. to see
how different treatments, such as sea weed (Alga Mix), affect the outcome,
utilizing a garlic extraction with 20% V/V considerably improved the results.
Plant height (45.65 cm) and leaf number (34.11 leaf.plant-1) diameter of the
stem (21.31 mm), curd fresh weight (g.plant-1), plant fresh weight (2030.33
g) Plant-1 (613.0 g) source plant-1 weight (121.00 g). Based on these findings,
Alga Mix may be recommended. Individually or in combination, garlic
extraction and be important individually or in combination to improve the
growth and productivity. )." PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (PASCUAL, PET ROEY L et.al,2020).

Application of seaweed sludge was shown to be effective five days after

transplanting (solid seaweed fertilizer)10.010.72SE cm and 6.280.0.57SE cm,
respectively, outperformed commercial fertilizer. On the tallest plants were
generated on the 20th day using a combination of liquid and solid seaweed
fertilizer with the longest(plant height)." PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY
AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (PASCUAL, PET ROEY L et.al,2020).

An experiment was carried out in the field to see what effect adding
organic fertilizer and spraying with garlic extract, whey, and biotin had on the
soil.Bread yeast fertilizer, NPK availability in soil and plant, tomato (Nora)
development and yield in Silty loam texture soil in one of the University of
Baghdad's agricultural engineering sciences collage in the spring of 2016. A
 10

complete block design that is randomized Three replicates were used with
RCBD. Before planting, three levels of organic fertilizer (sheep dung) were
applied to the soil (0, 15, 30)Mg.ha-1. Garlic extract was sprayed with 5 ml.L-1
water and whey with 20 ml.L-1 water. Bread yeast (Saccharomyces)
biofertilizer cerevisiae) was sprayed on plants at a concentration of 5 g.L-1
water. The addition of organic fertilizer to the soil and spraying had a major
effect on the results. The highest nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorous,
and potassium was achieved by combining garlic extract, whey, and bread
yeast bio fertilizer, as well as their interactions. Potassium in leaves was 30
Mg.ha-1 from organic fertilizers, and plants were sprayed with 5 g.L-1 of b

Read yeast bio fertilizer.(3.4, 0.51, and 3.3%, respectively). The plant's
highest dry weight was 177 g.plant-1, but it had the highest chlorophyll
content. The highest number of fruits per plant was 37 fruit.plant-1, and the
highest fruit weight was 84 g.fruit-1, and the highest fruit weight was 84 g.fruit-
1.The maximum plant output was 2.952 kg.plant-1, a 165.22 percent increase
over the control treatment Organic Fertilizer, Garlic, Whey, and Bio Fertilizer;
Bread yeast; Tomato Mahmood, Yousif A., Iman Q. Mohammed, and Firas W.
Ahmed. .

Plant protection against herbivorous pests is an important part of

agricultural efficiency, or the provision of food to communities. Toxic pesticide
poisoning of the environment, water, and food, as well as climate change,
underscore the need for intense research of ecologically safe herbivory control
strategies. Modern techniques of plant protection against insect pests are
discussed in this article, including selenium biofortification, bulk and nano-
silicon treatment, and the use of garlic extracts. The advantages of such
defense measures are discussed in terms of stimulating growth as well as
boosting product yield and nutritional value. Direct defensive strategies such
as mechanical, hormonal, secondary metabolite and/or mineral element
buildup, as well as indirect defense methods such as predator attraction, are
 11

described. Herbivorous pest control examples the importance of plant growth

and grain/seed storage is highlighted. On Raphanus sativus var. niger, the
efficiency of sodium selenate, silicon-containing fertilizer (Siliplant), and garlic
extract is compared. lobo afflicted with the cruciferous gall midge Contarinia
nasturtii, indicating pest extermination with foliar application of garlic extract or
Siliplant, a silicon-containing fertilizer.

Garlic Extract

Garlic (Allium sativum L) has a unique nutritional profile, particularly in

terms of its bioactive components, and is utilized in a variety of diet-based
therapies to treat a variety of lifestyle-related illnesses. To do this, garlic was
characterized and extracted, then antioxidant assays were performed. To
enhance aqueous extraction efficiency of garlic, several solvents (50 percent
aqueous ethanol, 50 percent aqueous methanol, and water) were utilized at
60°C for different time durations (4, 5, and 6 h). Water extract had the best
extraction yield (31.85 2.09 g/25 g) of the solvents after 5 hours (31.85 2.09
g/25 g). In vitro tests were used to determine the antioxidant capability of all of
these solvents. In this context, it was discovered that at 45 minutes, aqueous
methanol contained a larger level of total phenolic contents (71.87 1.69
percent). The maximum antiradical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay) and
antioxidant activity in methanolic extract at 45 minutes was 73.80 3.69 and
83.83 0.16 percent, respectively, while glucose diffusion and ferric reducing
antioxidant power were 97.00 0.20 and 32.66 0.72 percent, respectively, at p
0.05. On the basis of percentage yield and safety modulation in human body
absorption, aqueous garlic extract was chosen as the best treatment. pH,
acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), and color were all measured in aqueous
garlic extract. With the passage of time, the pH of aqueous garlic extract
declined while the acidity increased. The value of TSS and color were also
shown to be considerably influenced by storage. On the 0th day, the L* values
for color were 34.18 0.08, while on the 28th day, they were 34.18 0.08. day
 12

were 38.84 ± 0.03. It was predicted that 28 days storage resulted in significant
increase in L* value, while a* value decreased from 4.31 ± 0.01 to 0.32 ± 0.01
at the end of storage Rasul Suleria, Hafiz Ansar, et al..

Drought is an important environmental constraint limiting the

productivity of many crops worldwide. Experiments were conducted to
investigate the effects of foliar spray of natural extract (garlic extract) on
drought stress in two cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) plants. Drought stress
caused significant decrease in growth parameters (shoot and root length, area
of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots) and photosynthetic
pigments (chl a, chl b, carotenoids and total pigments). On the other hand,
drought stress caused significant increase in non enzymatic antioxidants
(ascorbic acid, tocopherol and reduced glutathione), enzymatic antioxidants
(glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and ascrobate peroxidase),
oxidative damage (H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation) and osmolytes
compounds (proline, total soluble sugars and total phenols) in shoots of the
two cultivars of soybean plants (Giza 22 and 111). Moreover, foliar spray with
two concentrations of garlic extract (400 and 600 ppm) enhanced all the above
parameters that of the control plants and drought stressed plants.
Electrophoretic studies of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase isoenzymes
showed wide variations in their intensities and densities among all treatments.
It seems that garlic extract was able to enhance the tolerance of the studied
plant to drought stress Tavares, L., & Noreña, C. P. Z. (2019).

Chili Pepper

 Definition Chili pepper (Variety)

Capsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus Capsicum native to
southern North America, the Caribbean, and northern South America.
Of the five domesticated capsicums, Capsicum annuum is the most
 13

widespread and widely farmed. Bell peppers, jalapeos, New Mexico

chile, and cayenne peppers are all members of the species, which
includes a wide range of mild and spicy pepper forms and sizes.
Cultivars descended from the wild American bird pepper can still be
found in the tropics of the Americas. frutescens, however the
characteristics that differentiated those forms can be found in numerous
populations of C. In C, the terms annuum and are not always
distinguishable. Species of frutescens that were utilized to differentiate
those types can be found in a wide range of C populations. In C,
annuum and are not always distinguishable traits. species of
frutescens. "Developmental landmarks during floral ontogeny of
jalapeño chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and the effect of
gibberellin on ovary growth."( Sandoval-Oliveros, R., et al. 2017).
 Economic Value
The overall economic efficiency of chili pepper farmers in Ghana's Volta
area is investigated in this study. The study examined the productivity
of chosen agricultural inputs, technical, allocative, and economic
efficiency levels, and the causes of chili pepper production efficiency
using farm level data. The study used the maximum likelihood
estimation approach to use the modified translog stochastic frontier
production and cost function models. A multi-stage sampling strategy
was used to obtain data on 200 chili pepper growers. According to the
findings, chili farms were only 65.76 percent economically efficient on
average, with mean technical and allocative efficiencies of 70.97 and
92.65 percent, respectively. In addition, the findings show that the
study's chili farms have declining returns to scale. The findings also
show that the study's chili farms have decreasing returns to scale. Age,
experience, and gender, among other factors, have a significant impact
on technical efficiency, according to the findings. Gender, education,
and credit access, among other factors, influence allocation efficiency.
 14

The interaction of these variables explains the variation in the chili

farms' economic efficiency. As a result, the study concludes that chili
farms in the study area are inefficient economically. The study suggests
that policies and programs aimed at luring young people into chili
pepper cultivation be pursued by offering them incentive packages. The
study advises experienced chili farmers to supplement their knowledge
rather than relying solely on it. "Efficiency of chili pepper production in
the volta region of Ghana." (Asravor, Jacob, Edward E. Onumah, and
Yaw B. Osei-Asare 2016)
 Planting details

Seedling will be grown in seedling tray. Mix a sample amount of sand

Garden soil 50% + vermicomposting 50% together with the chili pepper seeds
to avoid crowding of seedlings, Cover it with few quantities of the soil and
water it after. The next 7-10 days the chili pepper seeds will start germinating.
24 chili pepper seeds will be place in a tray.7 days before transplanting
starting of hardening.Day 1In the morning or early morning for about an hour
in the shade at a place sheltered from the wind.Day 2: Same place, same
time, for two hours, not until noon.Day 3: Three hours outdoor stay, in semi-
shade Day 4: Four hours to get outside. few minutes of direct sunlight. Day 5:
five hours. Day 6:Put it out in the early afternoon and leave it until dusk. Day 7:
Place in the garden or on the balcony, check at night. If the temperature has
dropped too much and the plants have suffered..First 2 days ( 1 hr hardening)
3-4 days (2 hrs) 4-7 days (3 hrs).After hardening, the seedlings will be
transplanted to experimental area.Seedlings will be planted .6 x .45 m
distance.To transplant the chili pepper seedling, 3-4 weeks should be ready to
move in land yield, a trowel and water will be use. Apply small quantity of
water to make the soil moist. Using a trowel, slowly cultivate the soil to prevent
damaging chili pepper seedlings. When the seedlings were already removed,
plant it on the plot. Make a hole around 2-3 inches deep and plant one chili
 15

pepper seedling. Put around 60 cm chili pepper plant spacing. Water it after.
Transplanting should be done in the morning so that the chili pepper expose in
the sunlight.

 Recommended rate for complete fertilizer for Chili pepper

Recommended rate is 14-14-14 (9.8g/plant)
 Related studies organic fertilizer (seaweed extract)
Seaweed and plant extracts can be used as biostimulants throughout
the growing process of vegetables. As a result of their beneficial
impacts on plant growth, this research was conducted. undertaken at
the University of Sulaimani's Horticulture Department in the Kurdistan
Region of Iraq. to see how different treatments, such as sea weed (Alga
Mix), affect the outcome, utilizing a garlic extraction with 20% V/V
considerably improved the results. Plant height (45.65 cm) and leaf
number (34.11 leaf.plant-1) diameter of the stem (21.31 mm), curd
fresh weight (g.plant-1), plant fresh weight (2030.33 g) Plant-1 (613.0
g) source plant-1 weight (121.00 g). Based on these findings, Alga Mix
may be recommended. Individually or in combination, garlic extraction
and be important individually or in combination to improve the growth
and productivity. )." PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (PASCUAL, PET ROEY L et.al,2020).
 16

CHAPTER III

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The following materials and farm implements will be used in the study;
chili pepper seeds, seaweeds extract, garlic extract, disposable cup, shovel,
water, spray, meter stick, pentel pen, blender for the extraction of garlic and
other materials that will be deemed necessary.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND FIELD LAY-OUT

This study will be carried in randomized complete block design (RCBD),

with Four (4) treatments with four (4) replications. The planting distance
between hills will be 45 cm and 60 cm between furrows with alley of 50 cm
between plots and 100 cm between replications. The different treatments will
be as follows:

T1-Control (14-14-14) – 9.8 g/plant

T2-150mL Seaweeds Extract + 50mL Garlic Extract /1L

T3-150mL Seaweeds Extract + 100mL Garlic Extract /1L

T4-150mL Seaweeds Extract + 150mL Garlic Extract /1L

 17

REPLICATION

RI RII RIII RIV

T3 T2 T4
T1

T3 T4 T1 T2

T4 T2 T3 T1

T2 T1 T4 T3

Figured 1. Field Lay-out of the study

NOTE: Each plot has an alley of 1m between treatment and 1m between

replication.
 18

SAMPLE PLOT

10 SAMPLE
PLANTS

Figure 2. Plot lay-out of the study.

NOTE: The planting distance between furrows will be 60 cm and 45 cm

between hills with a total of 10 sample plants per plot.
 19

LAND PREPERATION

The experimental area will be prepared thoroughly by using shovel and

harrowing before planting. Shovel will be used to fully pulverize the soil,
followed by harrowing until all plant’s debris will be remove in the area. Weeds
will be thoroughly removed and other materials that are not necessary for the
experimental are will be removed.

SOWING

Seedling will be grown in seedling tray. Mix a sample amount of sand

Garden soil 50% + vermicomposting 50% together with the chili pepper seeds
to avoid crowding of seedlings, Cover it with few quantities of the soil and
water it after. The next 7-10 days the chili pepper seeds will start germinating.
24 chili pepper seeds will be place in a tray.

HARDENING

7 days before transplanting starting of hardening.

 Day 1In the morning or early morning for about an hour in the shade at
a place sheltered from the wind.
 Day 2: Same place, same time, for two hours, not until noon.
 Day 3: Three hours outdoor stay, in semi-shade
 Day 4: Four hours to get outside. few minutes of direct sunlight.
 Day 5: five hours.
 Day 6:Put it out in the early afternoon and leave it until dusk.
 Day 7: Place in the garden or on the balcony, check at night. If the
temperature has dropped too much and the plants have suffered.
 20

TRANSPLANTING

After hardening, the seedlings will be transplanted to experimental

area. Seedlings will be planted .6 x .45 m distance.To transplant the chili
pepper seedling, 3-4 weeks should be ready to move in land yield, a trowel
and water will be use. Apply small quantity of water to make the soil moist.
Using a trowel, slowly cultivate the soil to prevent damaging chili pepper
seedlings. When the seedlings were already removed, plant it on the plot.
Make a hole around 2-3 inches deep and plant one chili pepper seedling. Put
around 60 cm chili pepper plant spacing. Water it after. Transplanting should
be done in the morning so that the chili pepper expose in the sunlight.

PREPARATION OF SEAWEED AND GARLIC EXTRACT

STEP 1.Removal of Garlic Skin

 Use a sharp knife to remove the skin from the garlic.

 T2-3 cloves of garlic and 4 grams, T3-6 cloves of garlic and 8 grams,
T4-9 cloves of garlic and 2 grams

STEP 2.Size Reduction and Blending of Garlic

 Reduce the size of garlic by chopping it to small pieces.

 Put the chopped garlic in the blender add a little water to become a
liquid.
 T2-25 ml of water,T3-50 ml of water,T4-75 ml of water.

STEP 3. Separation of Garlic extract and pulp

 Initial separation of Garlic extract and pulp will be done using strainer.
 Second separation will be done by squeezing the pulp using a clean
piece of cloth. The collected Garlic extract will be measured 50 ml, 100
ml and 150 ml respectively.
 21

STEP 4. Preparation of Seaweed Extract

 Seaweed extract will be purchased. It will be measured 150 mL using

measuring cup. The measured seaweed extract will be transferred into
separate container.

STEP 5. Mixing of Seaweed and Garlic extract

 The prepared seaweed and garlic extract will be mixed according to

treatments.
 Both liquids will be combined in a glass bottle. Stainless stirring rod will
be used for mixing of liquids.
 Then 1 litter of water will be added to the prepared extracts.

APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER

Fertilizer will be applied early in the morning. Fertilizer application will

be done within 40 days. Seaweed and garlic extract will be applied through
foliar application. First application of seaweed and garlic extract will be done
19 days before transplanting. Fertilizer application will be done once a week in
7 days interval. Number of application in whole duration is 5 times. The
method of application of fertilizer is drenching.

HARVESTING

Harvesting will be done 100 days after transplanting. There will be three
cycles of harvest and should be done within 3 days interval.

WATER MANAGEMENT

Water application will be done every 2 days, every morning or everyday

more often when necessary. .

Weed management
 22

Manual weeding will be done whenever weeds are growing along the
plants to ensure that no weeds will be left-unneeded throughout the duration
of the study.
 23

Data to be Gathered

Plant height (cm)

This will be obtained by measuring the plant height of ten (10) sample
plants per replication of each treatment using measuring tape during the last
day of harvest cycle.

Number of leaves

This datum will be obtained by counting the number of leaves per

sample plants.

Length (cm) of leaves

This datum will be obtained by measuring the length of leaf of ten

sample plants using the 10 leaves from the middle portion of each plant.

Width of leaves (cm)

This parameter will be gathered by computing the average width of leaf

of ten sample plants using 10 leaves from the middle portion of each plant.

Weight of marketable fruits (kg)

This datum will be obtained by weighing the marketable plants. Ten

(10) sample plants will be harvested and will be weighted using digital
weighing scale.

Weight of non-marketable fruits (kg)

This datum will be obtained by weighing the non-marketable plants.

Ten (10) sample plants will be harvested and will be weighted using digital
weighing scale.
 24

After harvesting weigh the non-marketable plants per plot using a

weighing scale. The marketable and non-marketable plants will be classified
using the following criteria.

Marketable plants Non-marketable plants

a) Postharvest a) disease
b) Including maturity b) not fresh
c) Freshness c) over ripe
d) Freedom from diseases
e) Freedom from Mechanical injury
f) Freedom from insects
g) Blossom-end rot
h) Sunscald
i) Freeze injury
 25

Yield (ton/ha.)

This parameter will be obtained by weighing the harvested plants of

each treatment. Yield per hectare will be computed using this formula:

Total yield plot1

Yield (ton/ha-1) x10000 m 2
Total plot area (m2)
 26

Statistical data analysis

This data to be gathered in this study will be statistically analyzed using an

analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) will be
used to determine the difference among treatment.
 27

DUMMY TABLE

Table 1. plant height (cm) of chili pepper using seaweeds and garlic extract.

Treatments Replication Total Mean

I II III IV
a) T1-
CONTROL(19-
19-19 complete
fertilizer)9.8g/pla
nt
b) T2-150mL
seaweed
extracts + 50mL
garlic extract/L
water
c) T3-150mL
seaweeds
extract + 100mL
garlic extract/ L
water
d) T4-150mL
seaweeds
extract + 150mL
garlic extract/ L
water
Replication total

Grand total

Grand mean
 28

PRE-ANOVA

f-value
SV DF SS MS Computed Tabular f
f 5% 1%

Treatment 3
Replication 3
Error 9
Total 15
cv-%

Note: other data will be presented similar to this table except for the captions.
 29

LITERATURE CITED

PASCUAL, PET ROEY L., et al. "Fermented Seaweed (Kappaphycus

Alverezii) By-Product Promotes Growth and Development of Lettuce (Lactuca
Sativa Var. Curly Green)." PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2020): 208-214.

PASCUAL, P. R. L., CARABIO, D. E., RONDINA, M. E., ABELLO, N. F. H., &

PASCUAL, V. U. (2020). Fermented Seaweed (Kappaphycus Alverezii) By-
Product Promotes Growth and Development of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa Var.
Curly Green). PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY, 208-214.

Lee, Jae-Sung, et al. "Dietary supplementation with combined extracts from

garlic (Allium sativum), brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida), and pinecone
(Pinus koraiensis) improves milk production in Holstein cows under heat stress
conditions." Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences 33.1 (2020): 111.

Lee, J. S., Kang, S., Kim, M. J., Han, S. G., & Lee, H. G. (2020). Dietary
supplementation with combined extracts from garlic (Allium sativum), brown
seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida), and pinecone (Pinus koraiensis) improves milk
production in Holstein cows under heat stress conditions. Asian-Australasian
journal of animal sciences, 33(1), 111.

Mahmood, Ayub K., Samal J. Omar, and Hawar S. Halshoy. "The Impact of
(Alga Mix) Seaweed and Garlic Extraction on Growth and Yield of
Cauliflower." Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science 13.3 (2021).

Mahmood, A. K., Omar, S. J., & Halshoy, H. S. (2021). The Impact of (Alga
Mix) Seaweed and Garlic Extraction on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower.
Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science, 13(3).
 30

Maryam, Romsyah, et al. "The effectiveness of garlic extract (Allium sativum

linn) in controlling aflatoxicosis in laying hens." Jurnal ilmu ternak dan
veteriner 8.4 (2003): 239-246.

Maryam, R., Sani, Y., Juariah, S., & Firmansyah, R. (2003). The effectiveness
of garlic extract (Allium sativum linn) in controlling aflatoxicosis in laying hens.
Jurnal ilmu ternak dan veteriner, 8(4), 239-246.

Campa-Siqueiros, Paola I., et al. "Physicochemical and transport properties of

biodegradable agar films impregnated with natural semiochemical based-on
hydroalcoholic garlic extract." International journal of biological
macromolecules 151 (2020): 27-35.

Campa-Siqueiros, P. I., Vargas-Arispuro, I., Quintana-Owen, P., Freile-

Pelegrín, Y., Azamar-Barrios, J. A., & Madera-Santana, T. J. (2020).
Physicochemical and transport properties of biodegradable agar films
impregnated with natural semiochemical based-on hydroalcoholic garlic
extract. International journal of biological macromolecules, 151, 27-35.
 31

APPENDICES
32