CST CYCLE 2 FINAL REVIEWER

When Technology & Humanity Cross

HUMAN RIGHTS

the rights we have simply because we exist as human beings.

These universal rights are inherent to us all, regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin,
color, religion, language, or any other status.

HUMAN RIGHTS

They range from the most fundamental the right to life to those that make life worth living, such as the
rights to food, education, work, health, and liberty.

Human Dignity

the ultimate core value of our existence.

the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically.

UDHR

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948 as the global standard of
fundamental human rights for universal recognition and protection.

UDHR

Crafted in 1948, after World War II, it now serves as a common understanding of what each person’s
fundamental rights are

UDHR

These rights apply to everyone, everywhere.

UDHR

Explicates the fundamental human rights in 30 articles.

It outlines inalienable human rights that are vital and necessary in the pursuit of the good life.
UDHR

The first seven articles encapsulate the spirit of this so-called “milestone document in the history of
human rights.”

Article 1

Right to Equality

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and
conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

It is assumed that everyone will benefit from the same supports. They are being treated equally.

Individuals are given different supports to make it possible for them to have equal access to the game.
They are being treated equitably.

All three can see the game without any supports or accommodations because the cause of the inequity
was addressed. The systematic barrier has been removed.

Article 2

Freedom from Discrimination

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any
kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin,
property, birth or other status.

Article 2 Freedom from Discrimination

Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international
status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-
governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3 embraces other issues:

deprivation of health care that leads to death

extrajudicial killings
the use of live ammunition by police forces against unarmed protestors

Article 4

Freedom from Slavery

-No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their
forms.

Article 5

Freedom from Torture

-No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 6

Recognition as a Person before the Law

-Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

Article 7

Equality Before the Law

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.
All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against
any incitement to such discrimination.

HUMANS VS. ROBOTS

The rise of the machines accompanying the progress in science and technology may render humans
useless.

HUMANS VS. ROBOTS

Manual labor is gradually being replaced by machinery

HUMANS VS. ROBOTS

Robots, usually designed like human beings, are created to perform complex, repetitive, or dangerous
tasks.
With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), robots may also eventually act and decide like
humans.

In the possibility that machines adopt the nature of humans, there may also eventually act and decide
like humans, there is a need to reflect on the ethical problems posed by such development.

Though the Philippines has not yet reached the point of producing robots on a commercial scale for
household use, it still behooves us to ponder the ramifications of replacing persons with machinery.

Much as the BBC News has reported that experts in South Korea are crafting ethical guidelines to
prevent humans from exploiting robots and vice versa (Evans, 2007), and that roboticists in Europe are
lobbying for government legislation, such reality is generally unheard of in the Philippines.

As of August 2017, it is estimated that a million Filipino BPO workers may be affected and lose their jobs
with the adoption of artificial intelligence (Santos, 2017).

Unemployment is only one of the many ethical considerations in the widespread use of AI.

QUESTIONS THAT SHOULD BE RESOLVED WHEN FACED WITH TECHNOLOGY THAT MAY BECOME A
THREAT TO HUMAN DIGNITY AND SECURITY

What does that this mean for human beings who can be replaced by machines?

Is the value of the person inversely proportional to that of a machine exhibiting artificial intelligence?

How do we guard against mistakes committed by machines?

In the future, when machines and robots become more human-like, with all the attendant feelings and
thoughts, people may also have to consider the ethical treatment for AI.
It is also interesting to note that as machines and robots approach having a human-like nature, humans
may also have the tendency to become machine-like.

Since many of the things people need, from conveniences to information, are available with just the
touch and swipe of the fingertips, humans begin to function more like automatons.

The internet has become an instant go-to tool for answers to questions.

More often than not, people accept what the search engine, like Google, spews out in byte sizes and
forget how to process, read, think further, or put things in context.

As the internet gets more intelligent, we are in danger of becoming less so.

In the article, “Is Google making us stupid?" Nicolas Carr (2008) asserted that "as we come to rely on
computers to mediate our understanding of the world, it is our own intelligence that flattens into
artificial intelligence."

The development of society along with science and technology gives rise to more and more complex
issues.

What is vital is that, at the very least, we are able to protect and exercise human rights for everyone in
our pursuit of the good life.

It is important that amid these developments, human beings become more free, more rational, and
more loving in our practice of science and technology.

As we examine contemporary issues in science and technology-information, genetically modified

organisms, nanotechnology, and climate change-we keep in mind that the building of a just and
progressive society entails the constant practice of the good.

It may be exhibited in exceptional scientific methodologies, personal virtue, social responsibility, and
global concern.

Bill Joy, Chief scientist and corporate executive officer of Sun Microsystems, wrote in 2000 a
controversial essay, "Why the future does not need us.“
In his work, he contended that our most powerful 21st-century technologies -genetics, nanotech, and
robotics (GNR)-are threatening to make humans an endangered species.

This possible extinction of the species may largely come about due to the unreflective and
unquestioning acceptance of new technologies by humans.

Humans should have learned the lesson in the atomic bombings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki in 1945 that killed over a hundred thousand people.

Brilliant physicists, led by J. Robert Oppenheimer, brought into existence a deadly nuclear weapon.

A definite testament to the success of science and technology, the atomic bomb was also a fatal
reminder of its destructive power.

GNR today is accessible to small groups and individuals and does not require funding and facilities as
huge as those needed by the nuclear weapons of mass destruction making GNR more prone to accidents
and abuses.

It is scary to imagine that such accidents and abuses may self- replicate and spin out of control,
especially when placed in the hands of extremist groups and individuals.

Science and technology may be the highest expression of human rationality.

People are able to shape or destroy the world with it. Theoretical physicist and mathematician Freeman
Dyson, in the documentary The Day After Trinity (1981), shared his thoughts and sentiments as a
scientist taking part in the development of nuclear power.

Human nature may be corrupted when the powers of our mind, our rationality, and our science and
technology become manifest. If we are not able to rein in the vanity and arrogance that such powers
unleash, then we are on the way to destroying the world.

The wasteland grows; woe unto him who harbors the wasteland within. - Friedrich Nietzsche

INFORMATION

knowledge communicated or obtained concerning a specific fact or circumstance.

INFORMATION

facts provided or learned about something or someone.

INFORMATION AGE

began around the 1970s and is still going on today.

INFORMATION AGE

also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age.

INFORMATION AGE

this era brought about a time period in which people could access information and knowledge easily.

INFORMATION AGE

The Information Age is a true new age based upon the interconnection of computers via
telecommunications, with these information systems operating on both a real-time and as needed basis.

INFORMATION AGE

The primary factors driving this new age forward are convenience and user-friendliness which, in turn,
will create user dependence.

Types of Computer

DESKTOP COMPUTER

not designed for portability

DESKTOP COMPUTER

Workstation – a computer designed to accomplish professional, has more powerful processor,

additional memory, and enhanced capabilities for performing special groups of tasks.

LAPTOP

Portable computer that integrates the essentials of a desktop computer in a battery operated package

PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT (PDA)

a small, mobile, handheld device that provides computing and information storage and retrieval
capabilities for personal or business use, often for keeping schedules, calendars and address book
information handy.
SERVER

a computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers

SERVER

may serve data to systems on a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) over the
Internet.

MAINFRAMES

are high-performance computers with large amounts of memory and processors that process billions of
simple calculations and transactions in real time.

MAINFRAMES

critical to commercial databases, transaction servers, and applications that require high resiliency,
security, and agility.

WEARABLE COMPUTERS

Materials that are usually integrated into cell phones, watches, and other small objects or places.

WEARABLE COMPUTERS

Perform common computer applications such as databases, emails, multimedia, and schedules

Applications of Computer in Science and Research

Bioinformatics

a sub-discipline of biology and computer science concerned with the acquisition, storage, analysis, and
dissemination of biological data, most often DNA and amino acid sequences. (nucleotides)

SWISS-PROT

a curated protein sequence database which strives to provide a high level of annotation (such as the
description of the function of a protein, its domain structure, post-translational modifications, variants,
etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and a high level of integration with other databases.
Plant biotechnology

concerned with developing ways to improve the production of plants in order to supply the world’s
needs for food, fiber and fuel.

Plant biotechnology

Through the use of biotechnology, desirable genetic traits can be transferred from one organism to
another by the transfer of DNA

How to Check the Reliability of Web Sources

Who is the author of the article/site?

Who published the site?

What is the main purpose of the site? Why did the author write it and why did the publisher post it?

Who is the intended audience?

What is the quality of information provided on the website?

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING

NATION-BUILDING

is the process of constructing or structuring a national identity using the power of the state.

NATION-BUILDING

aims at the unification of the people within the state so that it remains politically stable and viable in the
long run.

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

The early inhabitants of the archipelago had their own culture and traditions.

Own belief system and indigenous knowledge which keeps them organized and sustained their lives and
communities for many years.
PRE – SPANISH PERIOD

SCIENCE

Planting crops that provide them food

Taking care of animals

Food production

PRE – SPANISH PERIOD

Interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates

Medicinal uses of plants

PRE – SPANISH PERIOD

TECHNOLOGY

Building houses

Irrigation

Developing tools

Musical Instruments

SPANISH PERIOD

Brought their own culture and practices

Technology focuses on using and developing house tools

SPANISH PERIOD

Established schools and introduced the concepts of subjects and disciplines

Learning of science in school focuses on understanding different concepts related to the human body,
plants, animals and bodies.

SPANISH PERIOD

The country became one of the centers of global trade in Southeast Asia.

One of the most developed places in the region.

Superstitious beliefs and Catholic doctrines and practices halted the growth of science in the country.

Galleon Trade

was supplied by merchants largely from port areas of Fujian who traveled to Manila to sell the
Spaniards spices, porcelain, ivory, processed silk cloth and other valuable commodities.

Galleon Trade (1565-1815) contributed to the change of culture, language and environment for both
Philippines and Mexico

Galleon Trade

The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly.

Galleon Trade

Only two galleons were used:

from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea

Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.

AMERICAN PERIOD

more influence in the Development of S&T

public education system

Improved engineering works and health of the people

Mineral resources were explored and exploited

AMERICAN PERIOD

“Americanize” the Filipinos

Reorganized the learning of science

In basic education, science education focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation.
AMERICAN PERIOD

HEALTH AND SANITATION

Filipinos learned the value of cleanliness, proper hygiene, and healthy practices

AMERICAN PERIOD

HEALTH AND SANITATION

Hospitals, clinics, and health centers were established including public hospitals for lepers.

AMERICAN PERIOD

INFRASTRUCTURE

Americans built roads, streets and bridges

AMERICAN PERIOD

The new infrastructure helped make the movement of products and services more efficient.

Boulevards, zone districts, and centers of leisure were also established.

AMERICAN PERIOD

WORLD WAR II

The country had a difficult time to rebuild itself from the ruins of the war.

AMERICAN PERIOD

The human spirit to survive and to rebuild the country may be strong but the capacity of the country to
bring back what was destroyed was limited

NEW REPUBLIC (REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES)

Focused on using its limited resources in improving Science and Technology capability.

NEW REPUBLIC (REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES)

Use of Overseas Development Allocation to improve scientific productivity and technological capability.
NEW REPUBLIC (REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES)

Influences in the Development of S & T in the Philippines

GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

introduced and implemented programs, projects and policies to boost science and technology.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

GOAL: prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a technologically driven
world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science.

In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the government, particularly the DOST, has sought the
expertise of the NRCP to consult various sectors in the society to study how the Philippines can prepare
itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals.

THE NRCP CLUSTERED THESE POLICIES INTO FOUR:

1.Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance

2.Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics

3.Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

4.Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry

1.Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance

2.Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics

3.Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

4.Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry

SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES, EDUCATION, INTERNATIONAL POLICIES AND GOVERNANCE

Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum

Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue

Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband

Local food security

SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES, EDUCATION, INTERNATIONAL POLICIES AND GOVERNANCE

Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband

Local food security

PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING, AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES, AND
MATHEMATICS

Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities

Outright grants for peer monitoring

PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING, AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES, AND
MATHEMATICS

Review of RA 9184 (rules and regulations for the modernization, standardization, and regulation of the
procurement activities of the Government of the Philippines) – from IRR to Government Procurement
Reform Act

Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development

MEDICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized standards by full

implementation of the FDA

Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care

MEDICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based research as pool of information

Allocating 2% of the GDP to research

Legislating a law supporting human genome projects

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, AGRICULTURE,AND FORESTRY

Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws

Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, AGRICULTURE,AND FORESTRY

Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people’s conservation

Formulation of common food and safety standards

How Technology Harm Environment

Pollution

- AIR

-WATER

-LAND

-NOISE

-LIGHT

CONSUMING RESOURCES

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES

precious metals like gold, are used to make technology. coal are consumed to generate the electricity
to use technology.

CONSUMING RESOURCES

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

trees and water, are becoming contaminated or are used up faster than they can renew themselves
because of technology.

Waste-manufacturing technology

used computers and electronics get thrown out when they break or become outdated.
Waste-manufacturing technology

also called as "techno trash," these electronics contain all sorts of hazardous materials that are very
unsafe for the environment.

Disrupting ecology

clearing land where animals used to live to build factories and allowing pollution to contaminate the
food chain can greatly affect the environment's natural cycles.

Health hazards

using toxic materials that can harm our health can cause cancer, and technology addiction can lead to
other health problems like obesity and carpal tunnel syndrome.

CARBON EMISSIONS

emitted into the environment by products like vehicles, air planes, power stations, and factories.

CARBON EMISSIONS

they're even released by people like you when you're using a fossil fuel-fired engine or electricity.

forms greenhouse gasses

Greenhouse gasses

carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide gasses in the atmosphere that absorb and reflect heat and radiation
down to the surface of the earth.

Greenhouse gasses

volume of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere has increased over the past century due to carbon
emissions and contributes to global warming.

TECHNOTRASH

electronic waste or E-waste .any defective or unwanted electrical or electronic product.

TECHNOTRASH

includes non-biodegradable components, heavy metals and poisonous materials such as cadmium, lead
and mercury.

TECHNOTRASH

radioactive contaminants will spill into the soil, contaminate the water we drink, the plants we
consume, and the animals that live in the city.

TECHNOTRASH

can cause all sorts of harmful effects, including nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and even cancer.

Tips for recycling trash

Sanitize your Hard Drive

before donating a machine, make sure that all the files and data are deleted from it.

Sanitize your Hard Drive

this "deleted" information can be identified by cyber criminals and used as they wish. You ought to run
a program that "sanitizes" your hard drive to truly protect yourself. These programs, which can be
found online, work by replacing all your data with a jumble of useless nonsense

Consider Donating your Mobile Device

There are actually a lot of great things your old mobile devices can do for people.

Consider Donating your Mobile Device

Whether that means helping a soldier overseas talk to their families or helping victims of domestic
violence, they can be a lot more than clutter for your junk drawer.

Raise Some Funds

Since electronics include precious metals, including gold, silver and copper, techno trash can potentially
be worth a little bit of money.

Raise Some Funds

You can organize a neighborhood auction to gather and dispose of everyone's technology.
Reuse Ink Cartridges

Many places that sell fresh printer ink cartridges will fill your old cartridge for a fraction of the cost.

Reuse Ink Cartridges

Each cartridge that you throw out takes between 400 and 1,000 years to decompose, and on average,
there are 11 cartridges thrown out every minute across the globe.

HOW TECHNOLOGY HELP THE ENVIRONMENT

Technology

allows us to create and manufacture new products and technology that are renewable and do not affect
the environment, so that we can finally avoid using others that do harm to the environment.

Technology

helps us to track and study our world in order to better understand how it functions and the effect of
our actions on it.

Technology

lets us develop smarter devices that adapt to how we use them and change to reduce their
environmental effects, such as lights that can feel when no one is in the room and automatically turn
off.

Technology

facilitates paperless correspondence, such as e-mail and online bills, to minimize the number of trees
cut down

Technology

helps us to have a virtual laboratory around the globe so that professionals from all disciplines can
exchange their research, knowledge and ideas in order to come up with stronger, smarter solutions.

Technology

Not only does this make it easier for people far away from each other to work together, but it also
decreases the environmental burden that people would usually have on commuting to see each other.