Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Module -1

DC Circuits

Theory questions:

State Ohm’s law and also mention the limitations of Ohm’s Law

State Kirchhoff’s voltage law & Current law with an example.

Applying the concept of Temperature coefficient, explain what you mean by positive
temperature coefficient and negative temperature coefficient.

Illustrate temperature coefficient of resistance with its classification and example.

Write short notes on temperature co-efficient of resistance

Appling the concept of voltage divider rule, explain how to calculate the voltage across any one
of the resistors in a series circuit.

Appling the concept of current divider rule, explain how to calculate the current through any one
of the resistors in a parallel circuit.

With neat diagram and equations derive star to delta conversion (vice versa)

Problems:

Voltage Divider:

1) For the circuit shown in fig.1 find the voltage drop across all passive elements and
their currents.
2) For the circuit shown in fig.2 find the voltage drop across all passive elements and
their currents.
Current Divider:

1) For the circuit shown in fig.3 find all branch currents and current supplied by battery.
2) For the circuit shown in fig.4 find V and branch currents.
3) For the circuit shown in fig.5 find V and branch currents.

4) For the circuit shown in fig.6, by using the concepts of voltage/current divider solve for
unknowns.
5) A battery of unknown e.m.f. is connected across resistances as shown in fig.7. The
voltage drop across the 8 Ω resistor is 20 V. What will be the current reading in the
ammeter? What is the e.m.f. of the battery?

Series/Parallel circuits
1. To find the total resistance across the terminals AB
2. One branch of an electric circuit consists of two resistances 2Ω & 4Ω connected in
parallel. Another branch consists of three resistances 1Ω, 3Ω & 5Ω connected in
parallel. These two branches are connected in series. A resistance of 7Ω is connected in
parallel with this combination. Find the total equivalent resistance across this
combinational circuit. If a 10V battery with an internal resistance of 0.2Ω is connected
across the circuit. Find 1) the total current 2) current through 4Ω, 3) Power consumed
in 5Ω.
3. Two resistors R1 and R2 are connected in parallel. The voltage applied is 220V. The
current taken is 30A. The power dissipated in one of the resistance is 1600W. Find the
value of the two resistances R1 and R2.
4. A 20V battery with internal resistance of 5Ω is connected to a resistance of RΩ. If an
additional 6Ω resistance is connected across battery, find the value of R so that the
power supplied externally by the battery remains same.
5. Three resistors are connected in series across a 12V battery. The first resistor has a
value of 1ohms, second has a voltage drop of 4V and the third has a power dissipation
of 12W. Calculate the passive value of the circuit and I in the circuit.
6. A 50 ohms resistor is in parallel with 100 ohms. Current through 50 ohms is 7.2A. How
will you add a third resistor and what will be its current if the total current is to be
12.1A?
7. For the circuit shown in fig.18 solve for R and Vs?
8. A battery of unknown e.m.f. is connected across resistances as shown in Fig. 19. The
voltage drop across the 8Ω resistors is 20 V. What will be the current reading in the
ammeter? What is the e.m.f. of the battery?
9. Analyse for the current supplied by the battery for the circuit shown in fig.20a & 20b.
10. Two coils connected in parallel across 100V dc supply, takes 10A from the supply.
Power dissipated in one coil is 600W. What is the resistance of each coil.
11. A resistance has a color band sequence: Grey, Blue, Gold and Gold. What is the range
in which its value must be so as to satisfy the manufacture's tolerance?
12. A resistance has a color band sequence: yellow, violet, orange and Gold. What is the
range in which its value must be so as to satisfy the manufacture's tolerance?

Star (Y/T/four wire system) /Delta (∆/mesh/three wire system) (combinational circuit)
1. Analyse for i for circuit shown in fig.21 & 23
2. Analyse for total resistance across ab for the circuit shown in fig.22, 25 & 26
3. Analyse for total resistance across XY for the circuit shown in fig.24 & 28.
4. Analyse for total resistance across AB for the circuit shown in fig.27 Assume the value
of R=1Ω.
5. Analyse for total current and equivalent resistance across AB for the circuit shown in
fig.29a & b. Assume voltage across fig.29b is 30V and value of each resistor is 3Ω.
Mesh Current Analysis

+ -
+ -

1. Solve for mesh currents and all

branch currents for the circuits shown in fig.30 to 32.
2. Solve for voltage across XY and across 3Ω using mesh current analysis for the circuit
shown in fing.33.
3. Solve for mesh currents, all branch currents and voltage across 1Ω for the circuit
shown in fig.34.
4. Analyse mesh currents for the circuit shown in fig.35.
5. Analyse mesh currents, current through 12 Ω & 6Ω and voltage across 20Ω for the
circuit shown in fig.36.
Node Voltage Analysis

+ -

1. Solve for all node voltages, all branch currents for the circuit shown in fig.37, 38, 39
& 40.
2. Solve for node voltages, voltage across and current through 2Ω for the circuit shown
in fig.41.
3. Solve for node voltages and mesh currents for the circuit shown in fig.42.

Others

1. A toaster rated at 1000W, 240V is connected to a 220V supply. Will the toaster be
damages? Will its rating be affected?
2. A water heater rated at 1000W, 230V is connected to a 250V supply. Will the heater be
damages? Will its rating be affected?
3. An electric boiler draws 12A current at 115V for a period of 6hours. If electrical energy
costs Rs.5 per kWh, determine the cost of the boiler operation.
Variation of Temperature

1. The resistance of a transmission line is 126ohms at 20° C. Determine the resistance of

the line at -35C. The temperature coefficient of the material of transmission line is
0.00426 ohms/°C/ohm at 0° C.
2. The resistance of copper winding of a motor at room temperature of 20C is 3.42 ohms.
After an extended operation of the motor at full load, the winding resistance increases to
4.22 ohms. Find the temperature rise. Given that the temperature coefficient of copper
at 0C is 0.00426 ohms/°C/ohm at 0° C.

Resistance color code chart

 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Module -2
AC CIRCUITS

SINGLE PHASE CIRCUITS

1. Derive the RMS and average values of sinusoidal voltage with neat waveforms
2. Analyze the pure inductive circuit with necessary diagram and show that power
consumed in pure inductive circuit is zero.

3. Explain purely resistive circuit with necessary waveforms and derive expressions for
power and power factor.

4. Derive expression for the current through the pure capacitor and show that power
consumed is zero.
5. Draw RLC series circuit and characterize the nature of the circuit with necessary
equations and vector diagram
6. Draw the necessary waveforms and define the following with respect to sinusoidal
alternating quantity: Average Value, (ii) RMS value, iii) Form factor (iv) peak factor and
(v) Power factor

7. For the circuit shown in Fig., Calculate (i) The impedance (ii) The current (iii) The phase
angle (iv) The power factor (v) The average power. Also draw the phasor diagram for the
circuit.

8. A 10 Ω resistor and 400 μF capacitor are connected in series to a 60Vsinusoidal supply.

The circuit current is 5 A. Find the supply frequency and phase angle between the current
and voltage.

9. A coil having a resistance of 7 W and an inductance of 31·8 mH is connected to 230 V,

50 Hz supply. Calculate (i) the circuit current (ii) phase angle (iii) power factor (iv)
power consumed and (v) voltage drop across resistor and inductor.

10. A pure inductance of 318 mH is connected in series with a pure resistance of 75W. The
circuit is supplied from 50 Hz source and the voltage across 75 W resistor is found to
be150 V. Calculate the supply voltage and the phase angle.
11. A 318 μF capacitor is connected across a 230 V, 50 Hz system. Determine (i) the
capacitive reactance (ii) RMS value of current and (iii) equations for voltage and current.

12. When 1A flows through three air-cored coils A, B and C in series, the voltage drops are
6V, 3V and 8V on d.c. and 7V, 5V and 10V on a.c. Find (i) power factor and power
dissipated in each coil (ii) power factor of entire circuit.

13. A capacitor of capacitance 79·5 μ F is connected in series with a non-inductive resistance

of 30 W across 100 V, 50 Hz supply. Find (i) impedance (ii) current (iii) phase angle and
(iv) equation for the instantaneous value of current.

14. A capacitor of 8 μF takes a current of 1A when alternating voltage applied across it is 250
V. Calculate (i) frequency of the applied voltage (ii) the resistance to be connected in
series with the capacitor to reduce the current in the circuit to 0.5 A at the same frequency
(iii)phase angle of the resulting circuit.

15. A 230 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply is applied to a coil of 0.06 H inductance and 2.5Wresistance
connected in series with a 6·8 μF capacitor. Calculate (i) impedance (ii) current (iii)phase
angle between current and voltage (iv) power factor and (v) power consumed.

16. A non-inductive resistor is connected in series with a coil and a capacitor. The circuit is
connected to a single phase a.c. supply. If VR = 25 V, VL = 40 V and VC = 55 V when
current flowing through the circuit is 0.345 A, find the applied voltage and the power loss
in the coil.

17. A current of (120-j50)A flows through a circuit when the applied voltage is (8+j12)V.
Determine (i) impedance (ii) power factor (iii) power consumed and reactive power

18. A non-inductive resistor of 10Ω is in series with a capacitor of 100μF across a 250V,
50Hz ac supply. Determine the current taken by the capacitor and power factor of the
circuit

CONCEPTS OF THREE PHASE CIRCUITS

19. Illustrate the measurement of three phase power and power factor using two wattmeter
method
20. Explain the power measurement of three phase systems in balanced and unbalanced
loads.

21. Derive the relation between line and phase quantities with necessary phasor diagram in
delta connected three phase systems.
22. Two wattmeter method is used to determine input power of a three phase motor. The
readings are 5.2kW and -1.7kW. The line voltage supplied is 415V. Calculate (i) Total
power (ii) Power factor (iii) Line current.

23. Draw three phase circuit and derive the expression of relation between line voltage and
phase voltage and relation between line current and phase current.

24. Illustrate two wattmeter method for measurement of three phase power with neat
diagrams and derive necessary expressions

25. Three similar coils, connected in star, take a total power of 3 kW at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging
from a 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply. Examine the resistance and reactance of each coil.

26. Three identical coils, each having a resistance of 10 ohms and a reactance of 10 ohms are
connected in (i) star (ii) delta, across 400 V, 3-phase supply. Compute in each case the
line current and the readings on each of the two wattmeters connected to measure the
power.

27. Investigate the voltage and current relations in a balanced 3 phase star connected load
with suitable circuit and vector diagrams.

28. When the three identical star-connected coils are supplied with 440 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase
supply, the 1– f wattmeter whose current coil is connected in the line R and the pressure
coil across the phase R and neutral reads 6 kW and ammeter connected in R-phase reads
30 A. Assuming RYB phase, find (i) the resistance and reactance of each coil (ii) reactive
power of 3 phase load (iii) power factor.

29. A 3-phase delta-connected load, each phase of which has an inductive reactance of 40 W
and a resistance of 25 W, is fed from the secondary of a 3-phase, star connected
transformer which has a phase voltage of 240 V. Calculate (i) the current in each phase of
the load (ii) voltage across each phase of the load (iii) current in transformer secondary
(iv) total power taken from the supply.

30. Two-wattmeter method is used to measure the power taken by a 3-phase induction motor
on no load. The wattmeter readings are 375 W and –50 W. Calculate (i) power factor of
the motor at no load (ii) phase difference of voltage and current in two wattmeters (iii)
reactive power taken by the load.

31. Three identical coils, each having a resistance of 10 W and a reactance of 10 Ware
connected in (i) star (ii) delta, across 400 V, 3-phase supply. Find in each case the line
current and the readings on each of the two wattmeters connected to measure the power.

32. Three equal impedances, each consisting of R and L in series are connected in star and
are supplied from a 400 V, 50 Hz, 3 – phase, 3 – wire balanced supply mains. The input
power to the load is measured by two wattmeters method and the two wattmeters read 3
kW and1 kW. Determine the values of R and L connected in each phase.
 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Module –III

Theory Questions:
1. Explain faradays law of electromagnetic induction.
2. Write a short note on self and mutual induced emf
3. Explain statically and dynamically induced emf
4. Describe the constructional details of a DC generator
5. Explain the working principle of a DC generator.
6. Explain the working principle of a DC motor.
7. Explain the working principle of transformer.
8. Classify types of transformers based on turns and construction.
9. Explain the construction and working of three phase induction motors.
10. Compare squirrel cage and slip ring induction motors.
11. List the differences between AC generator and DC generator.
12. Explain the construction details of Alternator.
13. Explain the working principle of Alternator.
14. Compare salient and non-salient pole rotors.
15. Write the similarities between transformers and induction motors.
16. Write the applications of induction motors.
17. Write a short note on
(i) Cylindrical rotor
(ii) Non cylindrical rotor
18. Write a short note on
(i) Commutator
(ii) Slip ring
(iii) Brushes

Problems:
1. A straight conductor, having an active length of 20cm, is kept in a uniform magnetic field
of 0.5T. Find the emf produced in the conductor when it is moved at a rate of 5m/s, in
following cases:
i. Its motion is parallel to the magnetic field.
ii. Its motion is perpendicular to the magnetic field, and
iii. Its motion is at an angle of 30° to the magnetic field.
2. A coils of 150 turns in linked with a flux of 0.01 Wb when carrying a current of 10A.
Calculate the inductance of the coil. If this current is uniformly reversed in 0.01 S,
calculate the emf induced.
3. A flux of 0.4 m Wb is created by a current of 10A flowing through a 100 turn coil.
Calculate the inductance of the coil corresponding to the complete reversal of the current
in 0.01 Second. Also find the magnitude of the emf induced.
4. An air cored solenoid with length 30cm and internal diameter 1.5cm has a coil of 900
turns wound on it. Estimate its inductance. Also, calculate the amount of energy stored in
it when the current through the coil rises from 0 to 5A.
5. The resistance and inductance of a coil are 3Ω and 0.1mH, respectively. What potential
difference exists across the terminals of this coil at the instant when the current is 1A, but
increasing at the rate of 10,000 A per second?
 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Module -4
Theory questions:
1. Draw and explain the Staircase wiring diagram?
2. Explain the operation of 2-way control of lamp with the help of diagram and
functional table.
3. What is the purpose of using Fuse or MCB in an electrical installation?
4. Write short notes on (i) Fuse (ii) MCB
5. Discuss the necessity of protection wrt humans and appliances?
6. Briefly explain (i) Concealed wiring (ii) Service mains
7. Explain the operation of 3-way control of lamp with the help of diagram and
functional table.
8. What is earthing? Explain the need of earthing an electrical installation, and explain
how earthing is done.
9. What is the necessity of Earthing? Explain plate earthing
10. What is the necessity of Earthing? Explain pipe earthing
11. What are the precautions against Electric Shock?
12. List the advantages & disadvantages of Conduit wiring
13. Define the following: Fusing current, Fusing factor, Fuse Element
14. What is electrical tariff? Name the different types of tariffs?
15. List the objectives of tariffs?
16. Electricity is essential for powering economic activity, analyse India’s stand wrt
generation, deficit and transmission losses.
17. Analyse the electric structure by considering any one voltage level from generating
station.
18. Define electric shock and its impact.
 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Module -5

MEASUREMENT AND ELECTROCHEMICAL POWER SOURCES

1. With a neat diagram explain the working principle and construction of

single phase energy meter.
2. Define faraday first and second law of electrolysis.
3. Write short notes on primary and secondary batteries.
4. Mention the various classification of available in secondary batteries as per
the usage.
5. Explain how the internal resistance of the secondary cell can be reduced
with a neat diagram.
6. Write a short note on the capacity of a secondary cell and mention how the
capacity of the cell will increased.
7. Mention the various types of efficiency present in the cell.
8. Explain in details (a) Ah Efficiency (b) Wh Efficiency
9. What are the standards to be followed in industry and government
organizations to know the battery quantity and explain them in detail?
10.Explain voltage regulators with a neat diagram.
11.Define charging systems in a battery. Mention the various methods
employed to charge a battery.
12.Explain the various methods employed to charge a battery.
13.With a neat block diagram explain the main operated battery chargers.
14.Explain the static uninterruptable power systems with a neat block diagram
by mentioning all its components.
15.Calculate the time taken to deposit a coating of nickel 0.05 cm thick on a

metal surface by means of a current of 8 A per cm2 of surface. Nickel is a

divalent metal of atomic weight 59 and of density 9 gram/cm3. Silver has

an atomic weight of 108 and an E.C.E. of 1.118 mg/C.
16.If 18.258 gm of nickel are deposited by 100 amps flowing for 10 minutes,
how much copper would be deposited by 50 amp for 6 minutes: Atomic
weight of nickel = 58.6 and that of copper 63.18. Valency of both is 2.
17. The cylindrical surface of a shaft of diameter 12 cm and length 24 cm is
to be repaired by electro-deposition of 0.1 cm thick nickel on it. Calculate
the time taken if the current used is 100 A. The following data may be
used : Specific gravity of nickel = 8.9; Atomic weight of nickel = 58.7
(divalent) ; E.C.E. of silver =1.2 mg/C; Atomic weight of silver = 107.9.
18.The worn-out part of a circular shaft 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm long is
to be repaired by depositing on it 0.15 cm of Nickel by an electro-depositing
process. Estimate the qunatity of electricity required and the time if the

current density is to be 25 mA/cm2. The current efficiency of the process

may be taken as 95 per cent. Take E.C.E. for nickel as 0.3043

mg/coulomb and the density of nickel as 8.9 g/cm3.

19.A refining plant employs 1000 cells for copper refining. A current of 5000
A is used and the voltage per cell is 0.25 volt. If the plant works for 100
hours/week, determine the annual output of refined copper and the energy
consumption in kWh per tonne. The electrochemical equivalent of copper
is 1.1844 kg/1000 Ah.

20.A sheet of iron having a total surface area of 0.36 m2 is to be electroplated

with copper to a thickness of 0.0254 mm. What quantity of electricity will
be required ? The iron will be made the cathode and immersed, together
 with an anode of pure copper, in a solution of copper sulphate.(Assume

the mass density of copper = 8.96 × 103 kg m-3; E.C.E. of copper —32.9 ×

10-8 kg C1 Current density = 300 Am-2)

21.An alkaline cell is discharged at a steady current of 4 A for 12 hours, the
average terminals voltage being 1.2 V. To restore it to its original state of
charge, a steady current of 3 A for 20 hours is required, the average
terminal voltage being 1.44 V. Calculate the ampere-hour (Ah) efficiency
and Wh efficiency in this particular case.
22.A discharged battery is charged at 8 A for 2 hours after which it is
discharged through a resistor of R Ω. If discharge period is 6 hours and
the terminal voltage remains fixed at 12 V, find the value of R assuming
the Ah efficiency of the battery as 80%.
23.A battery of accumulators of e.m.f. 50 volt and internal resistance 2 Ω is
charged on 100 volt direct means. What series resistance will be required to
give a charging current of 2 A? If the price of energy is 50 paise per kWh,
what will it cost to charge the battery for 8 hours and what percentage of
energy supplied will be used in the form of heat?
24.A 6-cell, 12-V battery is to be charged at a constant rate of 10 A from a 24-
V d.c. supply. If the e.m.f. of each cell at the beginning and end of the
charge is 1.9 V and 2.4 V, what should be the value of maximum
resistance to be connected in series with the battery? Resistance of the
battery is negligible.
25. Thirty accumulators have to be charged from their initial voltage of 1.8
V using a direct current supply of 36 volt. Each cell has an internal
resistance of 0.02 Ω and can be charged at 5 amperes. Sketch a circuit by
which this can be done, calculating the value of any resistance or
resistances used. What will be the current taken from the mains towards
 the end of the charging period when the voltage has risen to 2.1 volt per
cell ?
26.A battery of 60 cells is charged from a supply of 250 V. Each cell has an
e.m.f. of 2 volts at the start of charge and 2.5 V at the end. If internal
resistance of each cell is 0.1 Ω and if there is an external resistance of
19 Ω in the circuit, calculate (a) the initial charging current (b) the final
charging current and (c) the additional resistance which must be added to
give a finishing charge of 2 A rate.
27. Two hundred and twenty lamps of 100 W each are to be run on a
battery supply at 110 V. The cells of the battery when fully charged
have an e.m.f. of 2.1 V each and when dis- charged 1.83 V each. If the
internal resistance per cell is 0.00015 Ω (i) find the number of cells in
the battery and (ii) the number of end cells. Take the resistance of the
connecting wires as 0.005 Ω.
28.A storage battery consists of 55 series-connected cells each of internal
resistance 0.001 Ω and e.m.f. 2.1 V. Each cell consists of 21 plates, ten
positive and eleven negative, each plate measuring 20 × 25 cm. If full-

load current per cell is 0.01 A per cm2 of positive plate surface, find (i)
full-load terminal voltage of the battery and (ii) power wasted in the
battery if the connectors have a total resistance of 0.025 Ω.
29.A charging booster (shunt generator) is to charge a storage battery of 100
cells each of internal resistance 0.001 Ω. Terminal p.d. of each cell at
completion of charge is 2.55 V. Calculate the e.m.f. which the booster
must generate to give a charging current of 20 A at the end of charge.
The armature and shunt field resistances of the generator are 0.2 and
258 Ω respectively and the resistance of the cable connectors is 0.05 Ω.