Crafting An Action Research: Prepared By: Eric John C. Diel

CRAFTING AN
ACTION RESEARCH
Prepared by: Eric John C. Diel

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Basic Research
vs
Action Research
• A process of
systematic, reflective
inquiry to improve ACTION
educational practices
or resolve problems in
RESEARCH
any operating unit
(DepEd, 2017).
Parts of an Action Research
I. Context and Rationale

II. Research Questions
III. Proposed Innovation/Intervention/Strategy
IV. Methodology
V. Results and Discussion
VI. Conclusion and Recommendation
VII.Reflection
How to develop an Action Research Title?
1. Identify a specific problem.
Example: poor performance of the students in Physics
2. Determine the main objective of your study.
Example: improve the performance of the students in Physics
3. Come up with a specific solution to solve the problem
(intervention).
Example: flipped classroom
4. Combine all the three elements together.
Specific Problem: Poor performance of the students in Physics
Main Objective: Improve the performance of the students in Physics
Specific Solution: Flipped classroom
Title:
Improving the Academic Performance of the Students
in Physics Using the Flipped Classroom Approach
YOUR TURN!
Show us the research title you have written.

I. Context and Rationale
• Narrate the problem(s) being observed in the actual

classroom setting.
• Substantiate it with theoretical implications and previous
related literatures.
• Present the reason for choosing the topic and conducting
the study.
The content of your Context and Rationale should
answer the following:
• What is the general situation/circumstance that makes you develop

your research study?
• Why is this situation/circumstance important?
• What do you intend to do?
• Why is your study important?
• What would be the potential contribution or insight of your research?
II. Action Research Questions
• The aims of the study.

• Must have a general and specific problems.
• Example: The study primarily aimed to improve physics
instruction through flipped classroom approach. Further, the
researcher sought to answer the following research questions:
1. What is the effect of flipped classroom approach on Grade 10 students’
conceptual understanding of nuclear physics?/Is there a significant difference
between the scores before and after the intervention?
2. What are the students’ perceptions on the use of flipped classroom in
the context of physics instruction?
III. Proposed Innovation/Intervention/Strategy
• Explain the intervention.

• Cite literature that supports the strategy to be used.
• Include specific procedures in employing the proposed
intervention.
IV. Methodology
A. Research Design
B. Participants
C. Instrument/Sources of Data
D. Data Gathering Procedures
E. Data Analysis
A. Research Design
• Discusses the research approach you used in your study.

• It guarantees that the information acquired helps the
researcher to effectively address the problem of the study.
B. Participants
• It describes your participants of the study: who they are,

what their profile is, where they are from.
C. Instrument/Sources of Data
• Used to collect data for your research.

• In this section, you will describe your instrument to be
used in the study.
• It is also important to test the validity and reliability of
the research instrument.
• Examples: Researcher constructed questionnaire

Pretest/posttest
Summative test score
D. Data Gathering Procedures
• The process of gathering and measuring information on

variables of interest, in a systematic manner to answer
stated research questions.
• It should answer the following:
How will you gather data?
How will you use your research instrument?
What will you do before, during and after you gather the data?
E. Analysis of Data
• This section describes how you will analyze your gathered

data.
• The researcher must explain how he/she is going to
analyze the data collected.
Basic guidelines in determining the
statistical treatment:
• Descriptive-comparative – use t-test if you want to measure “significant
difference” of two (2) variables; analysis of variance (ANOVA) if three (3)
variables which population are normally distributed, and its counterpart if
normality assumption was not met. Choose appropriate mean comparison
tests based on your variables.
• Descriptive-correlation – use Pearson Product Moment Correlation (for
normally distributed population) and Spearman Rank (if normality
assumption was not met) if you want to measure the “relationship” of
variables
• Descriptive-predictive – may use Regression if you want to determine the
“predictive model” and to determine if your identified factors are
contributory to your dependent variable/s
• Descriptive – use mean, frequency distribution, etc. if you want to assess
specific variables only
V. Results and Discussion
• It presents the results of the study by answering all the

research questions found in Chapter I.
• The analysis should be in an appropriate format and
detailed enough to address the researcher objectives.
How to write the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION?
1. Present the result of the statistical analysis in tabular form.
Note: The heading “Table” should be located on top and the heading “Figure”
at the bottom.
2. Follow and use the sequence of the SOP in presenting the tables.
3. Immediately below the table present a narrative interpretation of
the data.
Note: You may include SOME citations to reinforce a point.
4. Implement all of these in the preceding SOP of the study.
VI. Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
• Restates the overall findings/results of the research.

• Highlight major implications of the study such in
curriculum, classroom management, teaching techniques
and strategies, learning environment, support services,
educational planning, and other educational concerns.
Recommendation
• Recommendations unite with conclusions.

• If there are three conclusions, there are four
recommendations because the fourthh recommendation is
for further research and improvement of the present study.
• Propose only the sensible, doable, realistic, and specific
points of action.
• As your last recommendation, state: “As a continuation of
my research…”
VII. Reflection
• What have you learned/realized when conducting your

action research?
• Evaluation of the intervention.
Sample
Action Research
Titles
Sample Action Research Titles
• Improving Science Performance Through the Use of Differentiated Instruction

of Grade Four Ginto in Teacherph Elementary School
• The Effects of Flipped Classroom Learning Model on the Performance of Grade
8 Students in Solving Non-routine Mathematical Problems
• The Effect of the Scaffolding Strategy on the Performance of Grade 9 Students
in Solving Word Problems in Math
• Play-based Learning VS Computer-based Learning in Improving the Reading
Skills of Kindergarten Learners
• Improving the Reading Comprehension Skills of Grade 6 Pupils through
Reading Remediation Using Short Reading Selections
• The effect of Whole Brain Approach to Improve The Academic

Performance of Grade 12 Students In Social Science Subjects
• The Effects of Computer-Aided Instruction in Teaching Science in
Students' Learning Outcome
• Play-Based Teaching Approach to Facilitate Pupils Learning in Filipino
• Interactive Computer-Assisted Instruction: Enhancing Mathematics
Teaching Among Grade 9 Students
• The Use of Ted Talks in Improving the Public Speaking Skills of Grade 10
Learners in English
• Improving Reading Through Reciprocal Teaching Approach

• Sing-Along Learning Using Technology: Improves Memorization in
Multiplication Tables
• Pictoword Application: An Aid in Enhancing the Learners' Vocabulary
and Spelling Skills
• Integrating Video Clips in Science Class In Promoting Climate Change
Awareness
• Creativity, Computation and Reasoning (C-C-R) Strategy: Its Effects on
Mathematics Performance
Action Research Template
1. Title
2. Abstract (1 page)
3. Context and Rationale (2 pages)
4. Research Questions (1 page)
5. Proposed Innovation/Intervention/Strategy (2-3 pages)
6. Methodology (2-3 pages)
7. Results and Discussion (2-3 pages)
8. Conclusion and Recommendation (1 page)
9. Reflection (1-2 pages)
10. References

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CRAFTING AN

Prepared by: Eric John C. Diel

I. Context and Rationale

Show us the research title you have written.

• Narrate the problem(s) being observed in the actual

• What is the general situation/circumstance that makes you develop

• The aims of the study.

• Explain the intervention.

• Discusses the research approach you used in your study.

• It describes your participants of the study: who they are,

• Used to collect data for your research.

• Examples: Researcher constructed questionnaire

• The process of gathering and measuring information on

• This section describes how you will analyze your gathered

• It presents the results of the study by answering all the

• Restates the overall findings/results of the research.

• Recommendations unite with conclusions.

• What have you learned/realized when conducting your

• Improving Science Performance Through the Use of Differentiated Instruction

• The effect of Whole Brain Approach to Improve The Academic

• Improving Reading Through Reciprocal Teaching Approach

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