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    Functional Reactive Programming (FRP)

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    Hoàng Anh Chung
    Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) uses behaviors and events as first-class values that vary over time. Behaviors associate a value to each point in time, like an animation's position. Events are collections of values that occur at particular points in time, like mouse clicks. The key APIs allow applying time-varying functions to behaviors and events using operators like <*> and <@>. Frameworks provide ways to connect behaviors and events to external systems like GUIs.

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    Functional Reactive Programming (FRP)

    Uploaded by

    Hoàng Anh Chung
    64 views15 pages
    Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) uses behaviors and events as first-class values that vary over time. Behaviors associate a value to each point in time, like an animation's position. Events are collections of values that occur at particular points in time, like mouse clicks. The key APIs allow applying time-varying functions to behaviors and events using operators like <*> and <@>. Frameworks provide ways to connect behaviors and events to external systems like GUIs.

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    tutorial-2012-07-en

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    Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) uses behaviors and events as first-class values that vary over time. Behaviors associate a value to each point in time, like an animation's position. Events are collections of values that occur at particular points in time, like mouse clicks. The key APIs allow applying time-varying functions to behaviors and events using operators like <*> and <@>. Frameworks provide ways to connect behaviors and events to external systems like GUIs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views15 pages

    Functional Reactive Programming (FRP)

    Uploaded by

    Hoàng Anh Chung
    Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) uses behaviors and events as first-class values that vary over time. Behaviors associate a value to each point in time, like an animation's position. Events are collections of values that occur at particular points in time, like mouse clicks. The key APIs allow applying time-varying functions to behaviors and events using operators like <*> and <@>. Frameworks provide ways to connect behaviors and events to external systems like GUIs.

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    Functional Reactive

    Programming (FRP)
    with reactive-banana-0.6.0.0

    Heinrich Apfelmus
    Functional Reactive
    Programming (FRP)
    with reactive-banana-0.6.0.0

    Heinrich Apfelmus
    Why?
    Functional reactive programming is an
    elegant method for implementing
    interactive programs

    • graphical user interfaces (GUI)


    • animations
    • digital music
    • robotics
    How?

    variation in time as first-class value

    type Behavior a = Time → a


    type Event a = [(Time, a)]

    The key data types are Behavior and Event.


    Behavior corresponds to a „value that varies in time“.
    Event corresponds to „events that occurr at certains points in time“.
    I‘m going to explain how to understand them. Of course, the real implementation is abstract.
    Behavior
    type Behavior a = Time → a

    Value • position – animation


    • text value – GUI
    • volume – music
    • physical quantity
    t2
    y(t) = y0 + v0 t − g
    2

    Time

    A Behavior associates a value to each point in time.


    Behavior API
    instance Functor Behavior
    Functor

    instance Applicative Behavior


    Applicative

    How to program with Behaviors?


    The API for Behaviors is actually very simple: they are just applicative functors.
    Behavior API
    (<$>) :: (a -> b)
    -> Behavior a -> Behavior b Functor

    pure :: a -> Behavior a


    (<*>) :: Behavior (a -> b) Applicative
    -> Behavior a -> Behavior b

    bf <*> bx = at each
    \time -> bf time $ bx time point in time

    Reminder on the functions associated with Functor and Applicative classes.


    The most important function is the <*> operator, which is called „apply“ and applies a time-varying function to a
    time-varying value, simply by applying them at each point in time.
    The `pure` function constructs a value that stays constant in time.
    Behavior API
    Double
    a b
    1

    0 Time Time
    (*) <$> a <*> b

    Time
    Example task: attenuate an oscillation.
    Event
    type Event a = [(Time,a)]

    Value
    • mous clicks – GUI
    • notes – music
    • collision – physics

    Time

    An Event is a collection of values that „occur“ at particular points in time.

    You can also see that event occurrences may happen simultaneously, at least in reactive-banana-0.6.
    Event API
    instance Functor Event Functor
    List
    never :: Event a []
    unionWith :: (a -> a -> a)
    -> Event a -> Event a -> Event a zipWith

    filterE :: (a -> Bool)


    -> Event a -> Event a filter

    accumE :: a -> Event (a -> a)


    -> Event a scanl

    How to program with Events?


    The API for Events is a bit more elaborate, but is closely related to operations on lists.
    Event API
    x filterE (> 5) x

    Int

    10

    0 Time Time

    Example: filterE
    Event & Behavior API
    stepper :: a -> Event a -> Behavior a

    x stepper 2 x

    Time 2 Time

    Of course, the most interesting part about the API concerns the interaction between Behavior and Event.
    The `stepper` function turns an Event into a Behavior by remembering the value. The result is a step function,
    hence the name.
    Event & Behavior API
    (<@>) :: Behavior (a -> b)
    -> Event a -> Event b
    „apply“
    (<@) :: Behavior b
    -> Event a -> Event b

    The <@> operator is called „apply“ and applies a time-varying function to event occurrences.
    Its little brother <@ tags an Event with values from the Behavior. It is analogous to the <$ operator from
    Data.Functor.
    Event & Behavior API
    ()
    b e

    Time Time
    b <@ e

    Time
    Visualization of the <@ operator.
    Frameworks (GUI, ...)
    data NetworkDescription t a

    fromAddHandler import Event

    fromPoll import Behavior

    reactimate export Event

    changes get Event from Behavior


    The API discussed so far allows you to combine existing Events and Behaviors into new ones, but it doesn‘t tell you how to get them in the first
    place. For this, you have to bind to external frameworks like wxHaskell. The NetworkDescription monad from the module
    Reactive.Banana.Frameworks allows you to do this. It‘s not a very interesting monad, it‘s just a device for bookkeeping and I recommend that you
    think of it as some sort of syntactic sugar.

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