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    Physics Practical File 2

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    Abu Bakar
    This document outlines a procedure to determine the resistance per unit length of a wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. Key steps include connecting a wire sample, battery, voltmeter, ammeter and rheostat in a circuit. Current and potential difference readings are recorded across different rheostat adjustments and plotted on a graph. The slope of the linear graph equals the resistance of the wire, from which resistance per unit length can be calculated after accounting for measurement errors in current and potential difference.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Physics Practical File 2

    Uploaded by

    Abu Bakar
    89 views5 pages
    This document outlines a procedure to determine the resistance per unit length of a wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. Key steps include connecting a wire sample, battery, voltmeter, ammeter and rheostat in a circuit. Current and potential difference readings are recorded across different rheostat adjustments and plotted on a graph. The slope of the linear graph equals the resistance of the wire, from which resistance per unit length can be calculated after accounting for measurement errors in current and potential difference.

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    Physics practical file 2

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    Physics practical file 2

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    This document outlines a procedure to determine the resistance per unit length of a wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. Key steps include connecting a wire sample, battery, voltmeter, ammeter and rheostat in a circuit. Current and potential difference readings are recorded across different rheostat adjustments and plotted on a graph. The slope of the linear graph equals the resistance of the wire, from which resistance per unit length can be calculated after accounting for measurement errors in current and potential difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    89 views5 pages

    Physics Practical File 2

    Uploaded by

    Abu Bakar
    This document outlines a procedure to determine the resistance per unit length of a wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. Key steps include connecting a wire sample, battery, voltmeter, ammeter and rheostat in a circuit. Current and potential difference readings are recorded across different rheostat adjustments and plotted on a graph. The slope of the linear graph equals the resistance of the wire, from which resistance per unit length can be calculated after accounting for measurement errors in current and potential difference.

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    You are on page 1of 5

    To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a

    graph between potential difference versus current.

    Aim
    To determine the resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph for potential
    difference versus current.

    Apparatus/ Material Required


    • A wire of unknown resistance
    • Battery
    • Voltmeter
    • Milliammeter
    • Rheostat
    • Plug key
    • Connecting wires
    • Piece of sandpaper
    Circuit Diagram

    Theory
    According to Ohm’s law, the electric current flowing through a conductor is directly
    proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided the physical state
    (pressure, temperature, and dimensions) of the conductor remains unchanged.
    If I is the current flowing through the conductor and V is the potential difference across
    its end, then

    V∝IV∝I
    and hence
    V = RI
    Where R is the constant of proportionality and is termed as the electrical resistance of
    the conductor. Resistance R depends on the dimensions and material of the conductor.
    The relationship between the resistance of a material and its length and area of the
    cross-section is given by the formula

    R=ρlAR=ρlA’
    Where ρρ is the specific resistance or resistivity and is a characteristic of the material
    of the wire.

    Procedure
    1. Clean the ends of the connecting wire with the help of sandpaper to
    remove any insulating coating on them.
    2. Connect the resistance, rheostat, battery, key, voltmeter, and ammeter
    as shown in the figure.
    3. Make sure that the pointers in the voltmeter and milliammeter coincide
    with the zero mark on the measuring scale. If not, adjust the pointer to
    coincide with the zero mark by adjusting the screw provided at the base
    using a screwdriver.
    4. Note the range and the least count of the given voltmeter and
    milliammeter.
    5. Insert the key K and slide the rheostat to the end where the current flow
    is minimum.
    6. Note the voltmeter and the milliammeter reading.
    7. Remove the key K and allow the wire to cool. Again insert the key and
    slightly increase the voltage by moving the rheostat. Note down the
    milliammeter and voltmeter reading.
    8. Repeat step 7 for four different adjustments of the rheostat. Document
    the readings in a tabular column.

    Observations
    Range of ammeters = _____ mA to _____ mA
    The Least count of ammeter = _____ mA
    Range of voltmeter = _____ V to ____ V
    The Least count of voltmeter = _____ V
    The Least count of meter-scale = _____ m
    Length of the given wire, l = _____ m

    S. No The applied potential difference Current flowing through the wire


    (voltmeter reading V) (Milliammeter Reading A)
    Calculations
    1.
    1. Plot a graph between the potential difference across the
    wire V and the current I flowing through the wire as shown below.

    2. Determine the slope of the graph. The resistance of the given wire is then equal to the
    Reciprocal of the slope.
    From the graph, R = BC/AB = _____ Ω
    3. Resistance per unit length of the wire = R/t = _____ Ωm –1
    Error
    ΔRR=ΔVV+ΔII=….ΔRR=ΔVV+ΔII=….

    Here, R is the resistance per unit length and ΔR is the estimated error. ΔV
    And ΔI are the least count of voltmeter and ammeter respectively.

    Result
    The potential difference across the wire varies linearly with the current.
    The resistance per unit length of the wire is ( R ± ΔR) = _____ ± _____ Ωm–1).

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