Tugas Devi

NAMA : DEVI PUSPITASARI
NO ABSEN : 06
NIM : 211092006
JURUSAN/PRODI : D4 SARJANA TERAPAN ALIH JENJANG
MATA KULIAH : PENGEMBANGAN PROPOSAL
NAMA DOSEN : LYDIA FEBRI KURNIATIN,M.KEB
TUGAS :
1. Mencari 10 jurnal ( 5 jurnal local dan % jurnal asing ) yang berkaitan langsung dengan masalah
penelitian yang akan diambil atau yang sedang diminati ?
“ EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN BIRTH BALL TERHADAP KONTRAKSI PERSALINAN KALA I FASE AKTIF
DI PMB LATIFAH SAPTANI DI DESA BAKAU TAHUN 2021”
1. Effects of birth ball exercise on pain and self-efficacy during childbirth: A randomised controlled
trial in Taiwan
Watkins, S.S., 2001. Get on the ball—the ‘‘birth ball’’ that is!. International Journal of Childbirth
Education 16, 17–19.
Abstract
Objectives: to examine the effectiveness of a birth ball exercise programme during childbirth by

measuring childbirth self-efficacy and childbirth pain. In addition, it tested the mediating effects of
childbirth self-efficacy on the relationship between the birth ball exercise programme and childbirth
pain.
Design: randomised controlled trial.
Participants and setting: the study was conducted from December 2008 to November 2009, at two birth
units, one at a regional hospital and one at a medical centre, with 600 and 1022 annual births,
respectively. One hundred and eighty-eight expectant mothers were recruited (recruitment rate: 47%)
and were allocated by block randomisation into the two arms of the study, but only 48 intervention and
39 control group participants completing the trial.
Interventions: the birth ball exercise programme consisted of a 26-page booklet and a 19-minute
videotape, with periodic follow-ups during prenatal checks. All members of the experimental group
were asked to practise the exercises and positions at home for at least 20 minutes three times a week
for a period of 6–8 weeks. Each woman in the experimental group was given a birth ball for use during
labour and encouraged every hour to choose the most comfortable positions, movements, and
exercises. Both the experimental and control groups received standard nursing and midwifery care from
hospital staff nurses in all aspects of pregnancy and childbirth.
Measurement and findings: when cervical dilations were four centimetres and eight centimetres, the
women completed demographic and obstetrics information, the Childbirth Self-efficacy Inventory
(CBSEI), and the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Our study revealed that birth
ball exercises provided statistically significant improvements in childbirth self-efficacy and pain.
Specifically, self-efficacy had a 30–40% mediating effect on relationships between birth ball exercises
and childbirth pain. Mothers in the experimental group had shorter first-stage labour duration,
less epidural analgesia, and fewer caesarean deliveries than the control group.
Conclusions and implications for practice: clinical implementation of the birth ball exercise programme
could be an effective adjunctive tool to improve childbirth self-efficacy and reduce pain among women
in labour. On the basis of our mediating model, the results further suggest that confidence is greater
after prenatal preparation powerfully related to decreased pain perception and decreased
medication/analgesia use during labour.
2. Birth ball or heat therapy? A randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of birth
ball usage with sacrum-perineal heat therapy in labor pain management
Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice Volume 24, August 2016, Pages 99-102

Abstract
Objective
Labor pain and its management is a major concern for childbearing women, their families and health
care providers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two non-pharmacological methods such as
birth ball and heat therapy on labor pain relief.
Material & methods
This randomized control trial was undertaken on 90 primiparous women aged 18–35 years old who were
randomly assigned to two intervention (birth ball and heat) and control groups. The pain score was
recorded by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before the intervention and every 30 min in three groups
until cervical dilatation reached 8 cm.
Results
The mean pain severity score in the heat therapy group was less than that of in control group at 60 and
90 min after intervention (p < 0.05). In addition there were significantly differences between the pain
scores in the birth ball group after all three investigated times in comparison to control group.
Conclusion
Both heat therapy and birth ball can use as inexpensive complementary and low risk treatment for labor
pain.
3. Efficacy of birth ball exercises on labour pain management
Taavoni S, Abdolahian S, Haghani H, Neysani L. Effect of birth ball usage on pain in the active
phase of labour: a randomized controlled trial. J Midwifery Womens Health 2011;56:137-40.
To evaluate the efficacy of a birth ball exercise programme conducted by physiotherapists on

pain relief, psychological care, and facilitation of the labour process at a labour ward in a regional
hospital.
Participants Chinese women admitted to the labour ward for spontaneous vaginal delivery
between April and August 2012 were recruited. Physiotherapists taught birth ball exercises in
groups or individually for 30 minutes. Labour pain intensity, back pain intensity, frequency of
labour pain, stress and anxiety levels, and subjective pressure level over the lower abdomen
were captured before and after birth ball exercises. Most of the parameters were measured
using self-reported visual analogue scales. After the exercise session, physiotherapists measured
the women’s satisfaction level. Midwives recorded pethidine usage. Results A total of 203
pregnant women participated in this programme; 181 were in the latent phase group, whereas
22 were categorised into the no-labour-pain group. In both groups, there were statistically and
clinically significant differences in back pain level, stress and anxiety levels, as well as pressure
level over the lower abdomen before and after the exercise .
4. he Effect of Birth Ball Exercises during Pregnancy on Mode of Delivery in Primiparous Women
Mirzakhani, Kobra and Hejazinia, Zahra and Golmakani, Nahid and Sardar, Mohammad Ali and Shakeri,

Mohammad Taghi (2015) The Effect of Birth Ball Exercises during Pregnancy on Mode of Delivery in
Primiparous Women. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 3 (1). pp. 269-275.
ion rate, dystocia, problems during vaginal delivery, breech presentation, fetal distress, and decreased
maternal activity during pregnancy (14). Proper exercises during pregnancy strengthen the pelvic floor
muscles by 90%, which is essential for natural delivery (15). Several studies have evaluated the effect of
exercise on mode of delivery (15). Artal et al. (2007) showed decreased c-section rate as a result of
regular exercise (16), while Kaufmann et al. (1987) showed no relationship between exercise during
pregnancy and mode of delivery (17). Birth ball is a new exercise tool, which can be used by mothers
during pregnancy. This type of exercise includes different movements performed in different positions
(18). Birth ball is a large firm ball, made of soft plastic and filled with air. This ball can be easily deflated
or washed and is available in different diameters (35-85 cm) (supporting up to 136 Kg). For the first time,
Perz and Simkine introduced birth balls in antenatal classes. Gradually, use of this exercise tool became
widespread and was recommended for improving mothers’ fitness during pregnancy and postpartum
period. In fact, exercise with birth ball is considered a helpful, nonpharmacological strategy (19).
5.

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NAMA : DEVI PUSPITASARI

JURUSAN/PRODI : D4 SARJANA TERAPAN ALIH JENJANG

MATA KULIAH : PENGEMBANGAN PROPOSAL

NAMA DOSEN : LYDIA FEBRI KURNIATIN,M.KEB

Objectives: to examine the effectiveness of a birth ball exercise programme during childbirth by

Design: randomised controlled trial.

Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice Volume 24, August 2016, Pages 99-102

Material & methods

3. Efficacy of birth ball exercises on labour pain management

To evaluate the efficacy of a birth ball exercise programme conducted by physiotherapists on

Mirzakhani, Kobra and Hejazinia, Zahra and Golmakani, Nahid and Sardar, Mohammad Ali and Shakeri,

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