DIASS12

3rd Quarter Week 6

Development and Quality Assurance Team

Developer: Joan P. Lumang

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides released by DepEd Central
Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational use and constitutes fair use. All
Rights Reserved.
 Evaluator:
Learning Area Supervisor: Edna E. Trinidad

Illustration Credits:
Title Page Art: Marieto Cleben V. Lozada
Title Page Graphics: Bryan L. Arreo

Competency/ies:
• describe the clientele of social work (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ig-24)
• illustrate the different processes and methods involved in
undertaking social work (HUMSS_DIASS12-1g-26)

Objectives: At the end of the week, you shall have

Lesson Overview • identify the clientele of social work.
• Make an intervention plan on how the needs of individuals, groups,
organization, and by the social workers.
communities helped
• value the importance on the different processes and methods
involved in undertaking social work.

Learner’s Tasks

Clientele of Social Work

Social work is a profession is concerned with helping individuals, families, groups,
and communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being. The discussion
below clarifies the characteristics and needs of these clienteles.

WorkingInwith individuals
casework, the individual is the principal client and
efforts of helping are focused on her/him. De
Guzman (1992) explains that the person’s inability to manage stress which may have been a result of a distressful
situation or problem caused her/him or those concerned with her/him to seek professional help. The social worker
then needs to acquire basic knowledge of human behavior, of stress and the human beings’ response to it for her/him
to understand the situation of the client and eventually help the latter. In the casework process, the aim of the
intervention is to facilitate the individual’s social adaptation, to restore, reshape, or reinforce her/his functioning as a
social being.
For a start, the worker must understand that the person is a “biopsychosocial being” wherein s/he is made up
of at least three parts or subsystems – the physical, the psychological and the social. Each of this, affects and is turn
being affected by the others so that it is their totality as a system that determines the person’s functioning rather than
the individualized operation of each subsystem. Thus, in order to help a person, the worker needs to know whether
that person can be helped and how s/he can be helped.
Each person makes her/his own adaptation to the demands of the various roles to perform in her/his situation
depending on her/his capacities and motivation to do so. This intends to gain satisfaction, avoid or dissolve frustration,
and to maintain her/his balance in movement. When a person faces a threatening situation, s/he will likely to use
her/his accustomed modes of adaptation and if these fail, s/he will revert to modes s/he previously used. Samples of
modes of adaptation include:
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 • Flight – this is manifested when the person physically moves away from the problem like resorting to
drugs, alcohol or substances that will make one forget the current stressful situation.
• Fight – means physical or verbal projection of angry feelings on others especially when encountering
difficult circumstances, frustration, disappointment, or even anxiety.

• Pairing – it entails the entry into a relationship with another person who is perceived to be stronger, stable,
or who has the capacity to provide help over her/his problem.

Clients who may need the social worker or the agency’s help through casework.
1. Children who are either abandoned, neglected, orphaned, abused, or exploited.
2. Children in conflict with the law, street children, children living or affected by HIV.
3. Out – of- school youth.
4. Socially disadvantaged women;
5. Solo parents;
6. Persons with disabilities, physically, and mentally challenged individuals;
7. Elderly;
8. Indigenous peoples;
9. Internally displaced persons;
10. Survivors of natural calamities and disasters, or those affected by armed conflicts.
Types of clients
1. Voluntary clients – are those persons who opted to voluntarily seek the assistance of the worker or the
services of the agency due to a problem or a difficulty which s/he thinks s/he cannot do anything by
her/himself. Sometimes referred to as walk- in clients.
2. Involuntary clients – are those individuals in need who may not even consider asking for help because they
think that they are doing fine and will survive somehow or they are unaware of the agencies that can provide
with them some assistance. These persons, often referred to as reach-out clients.
3. Persons who are being assisted by another person, group/ organizations or community leaders/ workers who
are concerned about the client’s situation. They are also called referred clients.

Factors that may affect the helping relationship between a client and the worker:
1. Transference – the client’s reactions and displacement on the worker of the particular feelings and attitudes
s/he may have experienced earlier in life in relationship with the members of her/his family such as the
father/mother or significant other.
2. Counter – transference – are the worker’s relationship reactions that s/he may project on the client and usually
it is the worker who transfers previously experienced feelings on the client.
3. Reality – is the realistic and objective perception of existing condition or situation. It is the state of what is
actual, what is, and what is true.

Ethical considerations that govern the client-worker relationship that were put together by Biestek
(1957) as cited by De Guzman (1992):

1. Acceptance – the worker’s recognition of the individual’s worth as human being

imbued with inherent worth and dignity.
2. Nonjudgmental attitude – this means without labeling, no stereotyping and noncondemnatory act that refrains
from assigning blame, guilt, or failure to the client.
3. Individualization – this characterizes that every individual is unique and possesses certain traits or attributes
specific only to her/himself.
4. Purposeful expression of feelings – refers to the worker’s allowing and facilitating the client’s purposeful
Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides released by DepEd Central
Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational use and constitutes fair use. All
Rights Reserved.
 expression of feelings. This means the free sharing with a sympathetic worker of her/his thoughts and feelings
even the negative ones.
5. Controlled emotional involvement – refers to the worker’s way of responding to the client’s purposeful
expression of feelings. It must involve sensitivity, understanding, and responding.
6. Confidentiality – refers to the preservation of secret information concerning the client which is disclosed in the
professional relationship.
7. Self-determination – it is derivative of the belief in the inherent worth and dignity of a person- that s/he is
endowed with a reason and a free will and is capable of making her/his choices.

Working with Groups and Organizations

Social group work as a process and method is rooted on the sociological concept that a person is a social being
who has the inclination and need to associate with other human beings. Another concept of social group work is that a
group can be utilized as a target for change, as a medium for change, and as agent for change.
As a target for change, members in a group are clients of an agency who have common problems, needs, and
concerns that match the agency’s or worker’s group service orientation. As a medium of change, the group is used to
facilitate the growth and development needs of some members of the group as the need for self-expression,
communication, relationship, developing self confidence and modifying negative attitudes, behavior, and values. As an
agent of change, the group is used to effect the desired change needed outside the group.

The purposes of social group work include the following:

1. To enhance the social adjustment of the individual and developing the social consciousness;
2. To provide opportunities for planned group experiences that are needed by all people;
3. To provide experiences that are relaxing and that give individuals a chance to create, to share and express
themselves; and
4. To help individuals in groups to take responsibility for their own behavior, relate with others and

Specific goals and objectives of the different types of groups (Miclat, 1995):

1. Growth group – the dominant goal is the personal growth of the participants in group at all levels in their
emotional, interpersonal, intellectual, and spiritual phase of their life. The specific objectives of the group are:
to make people better; to develop group trust and in-depth relationship; to encourage constructive changes in
both attitudes and feelings on the one hand and behavior and relationships on the other; and to awaken the
innate drive in every individual in the group to develop her/his potentials.
2. Treatment group – the goal is to help solve the individual’s problems in social
adjustment, uncover deep-seated conflicts, hostilities and depression, modify
/sublimate antisocial/ aberrant behaviors/attitudes, and positivize negative social and cultural values. The
specific objectives of the treatment vary in order to appropriately respond to common problems/needs of the
different types of groups that may include the following: unwed mothers who are minors, street children,
prostituted women, drug dependents, persons with disabilities, solo parents, people living or affected with HIV,
alcoholics, children in conflict with the law, psychiatric ward patients, etc.
3. Social group – the goal is to provide opportunities for social relationships to the lonely, the friendless, and
those who have problems in relating with other persons. This group aims to: (a) form a friendless, and those
who have problems in relating with other persons. This group aims to: (a) form a friendly and congenial
atmosphere where the members are able to comfortably relate in a deeper level with at least a member of the
group; (b) provide program activities that would give greater interaction among the members through smaller
group discussions, exercises, games, picnics, and field trips; and (c) organize the group for club activities with
social orientation to become agent of change in their community.
4. Interest group – the goal is to primarily answer the unmet interests/needs of the group members through
appropriate program of activities and services to the agency as well as the community. The specific objective of
Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides released by DepEd Central
Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational use and constitutes fair use. All
Rights Reserved.
 the group is the provision for appropriate outlets that would meet the varied unmet interests of the members
through creative and innovative activities, programs and services.
5. Play/recreation group- the goal is to provide pleasurable activities through games, dances, songs, /music,
dramatics, and other leisure-time activities as medium for meeting the individual’s leisure and recreational
needs that would also redound to their development.

Working with Communities

Arlene Johnson as cited in Miclat (n.d.) defined community as a group of people gathered together in a geographic area,
large or small, who have common interests, actual or potentially recognized in the social welfare field. The two concepts of
a community were developed by Roland Warren. As a social system, the community may be either geographic or functional
in nature. A geographic community refers to the people in a specific geographic area like village, barangay, sitio, district,
municipality, city, province, region, nation, or world. A functional community, on the other hand, is composed of the people
who hold common, values, share some common functions of express some common interest such as education, health,
livelihood, labor, welfare or recreation.

The following are the focus of community organization:

I. Removal of blocks to growth

II. The release of potentialities in the individual, group and communities as a whole.
III. The development of the capacity of indigenous leaders to lead, to manage, and function in their assigned
social roles in the community
IV. Developing the ability of different sectors in the community to function as an integrated whole
V. Strengthening people’s capacity for problem-solving, decision-making, and cooperation.
VI. The full use of inner/indigenous resources before tapping external resources.

The purpose of community organization includes the following:

1. To solve certain problems and meet needs
2. To achieve selected social goals
3. To strengthen the people’s capacity in dealing with their problems, needs, and
aspirations.

Social Work Processes

Like any other helping professions, social work follows a helping process when working with specific clients.
Problem-solving operations summarized as follows:
a. Study – the facts which constitute and bear upon the problem must be ascertained and grasped;
b. Diagnosis – the facts must be thought about i.e., turned over, probed into, and organized in the mind,
examined in their relationships to one another, and searched for their significance; and
c. Treatment – some choice or decision must be made as an end result of the consideration of the particular facts
with the intention of resolving the problem.

Five basic steps in social work processes by Mendoza:

1. Assessment – a process and a product of understanding on which action is based. This involves the collection of
necessary information, analysis and interpretation to reach an understanding of the client, the problem, and the
social context in which it exists.
2. Planning – is the link between assessment and intervention and its process translates the content of
assessment
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 means to reach the goals.
3. Intervention – is the action, plan implementation, and treatment. It is concerned with the action that would
solve the client’s problem.
Evaluation – is defined as the collection of data about outcomes of the program of action relative to goals and
objectives set in advance of the implementation of the program. It is a continuous process of gathering
information which can be utilized in an ongoing reassessment of objectives, intervention plans, and even the
problem definition which is referred to as ongoing evaluation.
4. Termination – the helping process has a time limit therefore a social worker is expected to discuss with the
client the expected duration of the helping relationship. Also, the client should be made aware that client-
workerrelationship will not last long and that the interventions and services will

Methods of Social Work

1. Social casework – is a helping process that consists of a variety of activities that may include the giving of
material assistance, referrals to other community facilities, rendering emotional and psychological support
through sensitive listening, expressions, of acceptance and reassurance; making suggestions, appropriately
advising, and setting limits, encouraging the individual to express or suppress her/his feelings.
2. Social group work – is a process and method through which group life is affected by a worker who consciously
guides the interaction process toward the accomplishment of goals which are conceived in a democratic frame
of reference.
3. Community organization – is a process by which community identifies its needs or objectives; finds the internal
or external resources to deal with those needs or objectives, and take actions in respect to them; and in so
doing extends and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community.
4. Social Action/Social Reform – is an organized effort with the aim of securing social progress and solving mass
social problems by influencing legislation or the administration of social services.
5. Social Work Research involves a critical inquiry and the scientific testing of the validity of social work
organization, function, and methods in order to verify, generalize, and extend social work knowledge and skill.
6. Social Welfare Administration – is the administration of public and private social agencies designed and
organized to achieve the full effect of the services for which they have been established.

Activity 1.
Direction: After everything you read, identify what the social worker is helping by writing individual,
organizations and community.
groups,
1. ___A social worker helping a child who was orphaned because of the devastating
7.2 magnitude earthquake in Davao.
2. ___A group of students gathered a protest against the sorority and fraternity in their
that causes death to the recruited members.
school
3. ___A barangay captain encourages his constituents to make something out of the recyclable materials and
make them as their livelihood.
4. ___A social worker helped a battered housewife.
5. ___The MSWD gave relief goods to the victims of TD Auring.

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides released by DepEd Central
Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational use and constitutes fair use. All
Rights Reserved.
Activity 2. Intervention Plan

Directions: Supposed, you are a part of social work services in your barangay/locality. Identify what is the most
pressing problem in your place that needs to be addressed by the social workers. To be able to analyze the problem you
need to apply a process and method to track the social concerns and proposed how to solve these particular social
issues.

Identify the Problem:

.
Analysis of the Problem:

.
Solution to the Problem:

Activity 3. Valuing

Direction: List 5 importance of following the different processes and methods involved in social work.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Formative Test

Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter only on the space provided for each number.
A.
a. Planning f. Growth group
b. Assessment g. Social group
c. Nonjudgmental attitude h. Treatment group
d. Pairing i. Social Work Group
e. Involuntary clients j. Social Work Research

B
1. Means without labeling, no stereotyping, and noncondemnatory act that refrains from
assigning blame or failure.
2. It entails the entry into a relationship with another person who is perceived to be stronger
and stable or who has the capacity to provide help over her/his problem.

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides released by DepEd Central
Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational use and constitutes fair use. All
Rights Reserved.
 3. Certain types of individuals in need who may not even consider asking for help because they
think that they are doing fine and will survive somehow or they are unaware of the agencies that can
provide with them some assistance.
4. Defined as a process and a product of understanding on which action is based. This involves the
collection of necessary information, analysis and interpretation to reach an understanding of the
client, the problem, and the social context in which it exists.
5. It is the link between assessment and intervention and it’s a process translates the content of
assessment into a goal statement that describes the desired results and is concerned with identifying
the means to reach the goals.
6. The goal is to help solve the individual’s problems in social adjustment, uncover
deep-seated conflicts, hostilities, and depression, modify/sublimate antisocial
/aberrant behaviors/attitudes. And positivize negative social and cultural values.
7. The specific objective of this group is to make people better.
8. The goal is to provide opportunities for social relationships to the lonely, the friendless,
and those who have problems in relating with other persons.
9. It involves a critical inquiry and the scientific testing of the validity of social work organization,
function, and methods in order to verify, generalize and extend social work knowledge and skill.
10. It is a process and a method through which group life is affected by a worker who
consciously guides the interaction process toward the accomplishment of goals which are conceived
in a democratic frame of reference.

Answer Key

Activity 1. Activity 2 Formative Test

1. Individual - Answers may vary 1. C 6. H
2. Group 2. D 7. F
3. Community Activity 3 3. E 8. G
4. Individual - Answers may vary 4. B 9. J
5. community 5. A 10. I

References

BOOKS

Ma. Lourdes F. Melegrito, PhD., Arleigh Ross D. dela Cruz, PhD., Violet B. Valdez, PhD.,
Carl G. Fernandez, RSW, MSW., Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences,
Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides released by DepEd Central
Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational use and constitutes fair use. All
Rights Reserved.