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Mathematics-Optional
By Venkanna Sir and Satya Sir

PDE 2013-2019

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 UPSC - MATHEMATICS optional - 2013 Questions
1. Form a partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary functions f and g from
z = y f (x ) + x g (y ^ [10M]

2 . Reduce the equation

y B + (t+y ) S y- +xw = 0

To its canonical form when x =£ y . [10M]

3 . Solve ( ) ( )

Where D and D' denote -7 - and ■§-. [15M]

dx dy

4. Find the surface which intersects the surfaces of the system

z(x + y ) = C( 3z + 1), ( C b e in g a c 0n s ta n t)

orthogonally and which passes through the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1, z = 1 . [15M]

5. A tightly stretched string with fixed end points is initially at rest in

equilibrium position. If it is set vibrating by giving each point a velocity A. x ( I —x), find the
displacement of the string at any distance x from one end at any time t . [20M]

6. Two equal rods AB and BC, each of length I, smoothly jointed at B , are suspended from A
2n
and oscillate in a vertical plane through A. Show that the periods of normal oscillations are —

where n 2 = ( 3 + y. [15M]

UPSC - MATHEMATICS optional - 2014 Questions

1.Solve the partial differential equation ( 2 D 2 — 5D D ' + 2 D' 2)z = 2 4 (y —x). [10M]

z z
2. Reduce the equation — = x 2 — to canonical form. [15M]

u u
3. Find the deflection of a vibrating string ( 1e n gth = n, e n d s fix e d ,— = — ) corresponding
to zero initial velocity and initial deflection

f ( x ) = fc( s in x —s in 2 x) [15M]
4. Solve 0 < x < 1, t > 0, given that

(i) u(x, 0) = 0, 0 < x < 1

(ii) ^ (x, 0) = x 2, 0 < x < 1

(iii) u ( 0, t) = u ( 1, t) = 0, for all t [15M]

UPSC - MATHEMATICS optional - 2015 Questions

1. Solve the partial differential equation

( y 2 + z 2 —x 2)p —2 xy q + 2 xz = 0

where p = a n d q = |^ . [10M]
r dx 1 dy

2. Solve (D 2 + DD' —2 D '2)u = e*+y, where D = an d D' = [10M]

dx dy

dz
3. Solve for the general solution p c o s(x + y ) + q s in (x + y ) = z, where p = — an d
dz
[15M]

4. Find the solution of the initial-boundary value problem.

— + w = 0, 0 < x < I, t > 0

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) [15M]

5. Reduce the second-order partial differential equation

Into canonical form. Hence, find its general solution. [15M]

y 2 + z 2 = cz. [10M]

2. Find the general integral of the partial differential equation

(y + zx)p — (x + y z )q = x 2 —y 2. [10M]

3. Determine the characteristics of the equation , and find the integral surface
which passes through the parabola [15M]
4. Solve the partial differential equation

^o x 6~ 2 io xnz ory - To xiohy z + 2 io yn6 = eX+ y [15M]

5. Find the temperature u(x, t) in a bar of silver of length 10 cm and constant cross-section of
area 1 cm 2. Let density p = 1 0 .6 g / cm 2, thermal conductivity K = 1 .0 4 ca l / ( c m s e c°C )
and specific heat The bar is perfectly isolated laterally, with ends kept at
0 °C and initial temperature / ( x ) = s in ( 0 .1 7rx)°C . Note that u (x , t) follows the heat equation
u t = c2u xx, where c 2 = K / (p a ). [20M]

UPSC - MATHEMATICS optional - 2017 Questions

1. Let / = u + iv be an analytic function on the unit disc D = *z G C: |z| < 1+. Show that

d 2u d 2u d 2v d 2v
dx2 dy2 ^ dx2 dy2

at all points of D. [15M]

2. Solve ( ) [10M]

Where D = f , D ' = f , D2 = f -2 , Da = ^ .
ox oy oxz oy z

3. Let r be a closed curve in xy-plane and let S denote the region bounded by the curve T.
q 2 ^ Q 2 vy

Let = / ( x , y)V (x, y) G S . If f is prescribed at each point (x, y )o / S a n d w is

prescribed on the boundary then prove that any solution ( ) satisfying
these conditions, is unique. [10M]

4. Find a complete integral of the partial differential equation

2 (p q + yp + qx) + x 2 + y 2 = 0 . [15M]
^ 2 ™ ^ 2 ™ ^ 2 ™ 2 ^ ™ 2 ^™

5. Reduce the equation y 2 — —2 xy —— + x 2 — = — —H— — to canonical form and

axA axay ayA x ox y ay

hence solve it. [15M]

^ 2 y ^ 2 y 'y ’

6. Given the one-dimensional wave equation — = c 2 — ; t > 0, where c 2 = —, T is the

o ro x ?n
constant tension in the string and m is the mass per unit length of the string.

(i) Find the appropriate solution of the above wave equation.

(ii) Find also the solution under the conditions y ( 0, t) = 0, y ( l, t) = 0 / o r a l l t and

[^ l = 0 ,y ( x , 0) = a s i n — , 0 < x < l . a > 0 . [20M]
L o t J t=0 I
 UPSC - MATHEMATICS optional - 2018 Questions
1. Find the partial differential equation of the family of all tangent planes to the ellipsoid :
x 2 + 4 y 2 + 4 z 2 = 4, which are not perpendicular to the xy plane [10M]

2. Solve the partial differential equation:

( 2 D 2 — 5D D ' + 2 D ' 2)z = 5 s in ( 2 x + y ) + 2 4 (y —x) + e 3x+4y

Where D = j , D' = -j . [15M]

dx dy

3. A thin annulus occupies the region 0 < a < r < Z ) , o < 0 < 2 n . The faces are insulated.
Along the inner edge the temperature is maintained at 0 °, while along the outer edge the
Q
temperature is held at T = K c o s-j, where K is a constant. Determine the temperature
distribution in the annulus. [20M]

4. Find the general solution of the partial differential equation:

( y 3x —2 x 4)p + ( 2 y 4 —x 3y )q = 9 z(x 3 —y 3), where p = — , q = — , and find its
integral surface that passes through the curve: x = t ,y = t 2,z = 1 . [15M]

UPSC - MATHEMATICS optional - 2019 Questions

1. Form a partial differential equation of the family of surfaces given by the following
expression: i/;(x 2 + y 2 + 2 z 2,y 2 — 2 zx) = 0 . [10M]

2. Solve the first order quasilinear partial differential equation by the method of
characteristics: [15M]

du , .. d u „ . ~ ,
x — + (u —x —y) — = x + 2 y in x > 0, —oo < y < oo with u = 1 + y o n x = 1 .
dx dy J J

3. Reduce the following second order partial differential equation to canonical form and find
the general solution:

d 2u _ d 2u t d2u dy „„
3 ? —2 x ^ + x 2 ^ F = to + 12x- 120M1
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