G(RTO GOG'S

\JOLUM( I
A COMPLEJ( COURSE: IN SL(IGHT- 0~-HAND CARt MAGIC
 Roberto Giobbis
CARD COLLEGE
Volume 1
 Roberto GWbbi~
CARD COLLEGE
Volume 1

illustrated by
BARBARA GIOBBI -EBNOTHER

Translated from the German by

RICHARD HATCH

-~-
HERlVIETIC PRESS, INC.
Seattle, Washington
 THANKS!
This course is my most ambitious work to date. It would not have been possible in its
current, professional form without the help of the following people.
First I would like to thank my wife and friend, Barbara, for the roughly fifteen hundred
illustrations she painstakingly drew for this five-volume course; and for her constructive
criticism, her concrete suggestions on the form and content of the course, and for her
understanding. Without her help this work would never have been written.
I would also like to thank Richard Hatch, who undertook the enormous ta..c;;k of
translating my German text with elegance and painstaking precision. Having been a
professional translator myself, before adopting my vocation of professional magician,
I can vouch for the high quality of his translation. Collaborating with a man who has
translated the works of the Viennese genius Johann Nepomuk Hofzinser gave this task
an almost mythical flavor for me.
Great thanks go to Stephen Minch, who unites all the qualities it takes to produce a work
that yearns to be the best of its kind. His knowledge of the history of magic and of the
requisites of performance are only equaled by his skill as a publisher. His suggestions on
credits, historical annotations, technical details and matters of instruction have added
considerably to make this book easy and pleasurable to read. It is an honor for me to
publish my book with Hermetic Press.
Finally, I would like to thank my magical friends, the genial Juan Tamariz, the brilliant
Bernard Bills, the well-read Richard Vollmer and the circumspect Aurelio Paviato,
for their direct and indirect suggestions, which have influenced the contents of
these volumes.

A version of this book was published in German as Grosse Kartenschule, Band 1

by Magic Communication Roberto Giobbi. Copyright © 1992 by Roberto Giobbi.
English language edition copyright © 1996 by Roberto Giobbi and Stephen Minch.
Chapter photos by Debbie Murray.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.
Published in the United States by Hermetic Press, Inc., Seattle.
Printed in the United States of America

ISBN 978-0-945296-18-8

Revised Second Edition

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
 contents
Foreword xi
Introduction to Volume 1 xiii
The Art of Performing Magic with Cards 1
A Personal Note 1
How to Get the Most from this Book 1
The Best Way to Learn from this Book 2
A Comment on the Illustrations 2
On the Terminology 3
Thinking Beyond What is Immediately Required 3
Art and Expression in the Handling of Cards 3
How Much Theory is Necessary? 4
The Path of the Master 4
A Brief History of Playing Cards 5
Instruments and Tools 8
The Hands 8
The Playing Cards 9
The Close-up Pad 12
Chapter 1: Fundamental Techniques 13
Dealing Position 15
The End Grip 17
Elevated Dealing Position 18
Squaring the Deck 19
The All-around Square-up 20
Giving the Deck a Complete Cut 21
Spreading the Cards in the Hands 21
Outjogging Cards as They are Spread Between the Hands 23
Dribbling Cards 24
Dealing Cards 24
Dealing Cards Face Down-The Draw Method 25
Dealing Cards Face Up-The Stud Method 26
The Swing Cut 27
The Break 28
The Little-fmger Break 28
Forming a Little-finger Break Under the Top Card-Two-handed Method 29
Forming a Little-fmger Break Under the Top Card-One-handed Method 30
Forming a Little-fmger Break Under Multiple Cards 31
The Thumb Break 32
The Step 33
The Riffle 34
The Ribbon Spread 35
Chapter 2: Overhand Shuftle Techniques, Part 1 37
The Overhand Shuffle 39
Running Single Cards 42
Control of the Top and Bottom Cards 43
Control of the Top Card 43
Control of the Bottom Card 43
Controlling the Top Stock of the Deck-The Injog Shuffle 44
Controlling the Bottom Stock 47
Tricks with the Overhand Shuffle 49
Thought Stealer 49
The Spectator Cuts the Aces 51
Chapter 3: False Cut Techniques, Part 1 55
An Optical False Cut from the Hand 57
The False Swing Cut 58
A Simple False Cut 59
A Triple False Cut 60
The Slip Cut from Dealing Position 61
Tricks with False Cuts 62
Hat Trick 62
Court Card Conclave 63
Chapter 4: Card Controls 65
The Overhand Shuffle Control 67
The "Whoops!" Control 68
The Diagonal Insertion 69
The Peek Control 72
The Post-peek Overhand Shuffle Control 74
A Peek Control for Two Cards 75
The Multiple Peek Control 76
The One-card Middle Pass 77
Other Controls 79
Tricks with Card Controls 80
The Shamus Card 80
The Question Is .. . 81
Chapter 5: Force Techniques, Part 1 83
The Crisscross Force 85
The Balducci Force 86
The Goldin Force 88
The Ten-to-twenty Force 90
A Trick with the Force 91
The Lie Detector 91
Chapter 6: Transfer Cuts 93
The Double Cut 95
The Triple Cut from Top to Bottom 97
The Triple Cut from Bottom to Top 98
Tricks with Transfer Cuts 99
Triple Coincidence 99
Seventh Son of a Seventh Son 101
Chapter 7: Ri:ffie Shufile Techniques 103
The Closed Riffle Shuffle 105
Squaring After the Shuffle 107
The Open Riffle Shuffle 108
Riffle Shuffle Stock Controls 109
Control of the Top Stock 109
Control of the Bottom Stock 109
The Waterfall Riffle Shuffle 110
Tricks with Riffle ShujJle Techniques 113
The Red-black Location 113
Royal Flush Finale 114
Chapter 8: The Glide 119
The Glide 121
Tricks with the Glide 123
The Acrobat Family 123
The Coue Test 125
Chapter 9: The Double Lift, Part 1 127
A Double Lift 129
A Double Turnover 130
Tricks with a Double Lift 132
Rise and Swap 132
A Card in Hand 133
Chapter 10: The Key Card 135
Key-card Placement 137
The Key Card in a Hand-to-hand Spread 137
Key Card in a Ribbon Spread 138
Glimpse and Placement 140
Location, Identification and Control with a Key Card 142
Control in a Hand-to-hand Spread 142
Tabled Ribbon Spread Control 143
Further Thoughts on the Key Card 144
Shuffling with a Key Card 144
Letting the Spectator Shuffle with a Key Card 144
Tricks with a Key Card 145
A Phenomenal Memory 145
Your Number-Your Card 147
Thot Echo 149
Chapter 11: Hindu Shuffle Technique 153
The Hindu Shuffle 155
Placing a Key Card with a Hindu Shuffle 157
Glimpsing the Bottom Card with a Hindu Shuffle 157
The Hindu Shuffle Force 158
Hindu Shuffle Card Controls 160
Controlling a Single Card 160
Controlling Multiple Cards 161
Tricks with the Hindu Shuffle Technique 162
The Magus Card 162
The Lucky Card 164
Chapter 12: Flourishes, Part 1 167
Turning Over the Top Card I 169
Turning Over the Top Card II 170
Turning Over the Top Card III 171
The Charlier Cut 172
The Swivel Cut 173
The Boomerang Card 175
The Spring Riffle Shuffle 176
Jack Merlin's Riffle Shuffle 177
The Pop-up Card 178
The Wind-up Gag 179
The Two-handed Fan 179
The Broad One-handed Fan 181
The Reverse One-handed Fan 182
The Ribbon Spread Turnover 183
Chapter 13: Spread Cull Techniques 185
The Spread Cull 187
The Under-the-spread Force 189
Tricks with the Spread Cull 191
The Magic Phone Number 191
As You Like It 192
Chapter 14: Useful Auxiliary Sleights 195
Thumb Counting 197
The Little-finger Count 201
The Secret Addition of Cards 203
The Braue Addition 204
The Tip-over Addition 206
ATFUS 208
The Single, Double and Multiple Push-over 211
Buckling One or More Cards 212
Chapter 15: Force Techniques, Part 2 215
The Classic Force 217
Technique, Handling and Structure 217
The Psychological Management of the Spectators 220
 The Inner Game of the Performer 221
How to Practice the Classic Force 222
Outs 222
Direct Methods 223
Indirect Methods 223
Final Observations 224
The Riffle Force 224
More Tricks with the Force 227
The Jumping Pulse 227
Headliner! 228
Chapter 16: The Top Change 231
The Top Change 233
Top Change Covers 236
The Top Change as an Out for the Classic Force 238
Tricks with the Top Change 239
Metamorphosis 239
The Lucky Coin 241
Bibliographic Notes 245
Index 248
 Dedication
I dedicate this book to my Spanish magical friends: especially to all the mem-
bers of the Escuela Magica de Madrid; and in particular, to the scholarly
Arturo de Ascanio for his intellectual brilliance and paternal care, to the
dynamic Camillo Vasquez for his original presentations, his friendship and
his humanity, to the intelligent Jose Carroll for his virtuosity and likability,
and finally, to Juan Tamariz, my role model as an artist and a human being.
 Foreword
by Juan Tamariz

AT LAST!
Giobbi has done it!
Giobbi, none other than Roberto Giobbi. It had to be someone with the deepest knowledge
of the literature of card magic-in English, German, French, Italian and Spanish-someone
with an understanding of what is effective and practical for an audience-in other words,
a professional magician-someone with a theoretical understanding-having thoroughly
studied the theories formulated by the foremost thinkers in magic-someone with expe-
rience as a writer, an extraordinary ability to collect, organize, select and summarize this
theoretical, practical and literary knowledge-and finally, someone with an understanding
of book publishing as a medium. Someone who loves and cherishes our art of performing
magic with cards, someone who delights in embracing it, someone who harbors illusions
about it ...
If only there was someone in the world possessed of all these qualities, if fate would only
grant us one such person ...
Fate has done so! He exists: Roberto Giobbi!
Roberto Giobbi has studied all the languages I've mentioned. As a professional translator
and interpreter; over the course of many years, he has digested hundreds and hundreds
of classical and modem texts on magic. He has himself written, published and distributed
several famous and fantastic magic books. He is a successful professional magician. He is
a personal friend, translator and interpreter of some of the most important magical thinkers
(Vernon, Ascanio, Fred Robinson ... ), and he unites the depth of Germanic thinking with
Swiss orderliness and the open-mindedness of the southern Europeans (his parents are
Italian and he received some of his training at theEscuelaMagica de Madrid [Magic School
of Madrid]).
I have known and admired Roberto for more than thirteen years. I have worked with him
for uncounted weeks at my home in Spain and at the Escorial conferences on card magic.
I have ef\ioyed numerous conventions with him, and I can assure you that he is the per-
fect man for the job. Humane, intelligent, open-minded, industrious, pedagogically adroit,
he is an utterly infatuated connoisseur of our art of card magic.
We can congratulate ourselves: Roberto exists and has given us this priceless work
But-what of the work itself?
It is a publication that urgently needed to be added to the literature (the publishing house
Editorial Frakson purchased the rights to a Spanish translation even before they had read
the book, so certain were they of its importance).
In an exquisite and entertaining manner, we are granted an insight into the technical secrets
of card magic. Step by step we experience the complete beauty of our art and take delight
in the infinite ingenuity selflessly lavished on it by mar_1y authors and creators. We learn,
in the greatest detail, the most wondrous way to enter the kingdom of card magic.
Some will think, "I already am a card expert. I have studied the art for six years and this
book is not for me." Perhaps they will not read it.
And these people will never know what they have missed! A book so detailed and clearly
written, its contents chosen with such intelligence, is required reading even for someone
who has been pursuing card magic for twenty years. I have been doing card magic nearly
forty years and intend to study it thoroughly, just as I have its predecessors: books by Padre
Ciuro in Spanish, and Jean Hugard and Frederick Braue (The Royal Road to Card Magic)
in English. For Giobbi's book, written a half century after Hugard and Braue's, brings to
light all those things that have been added to the legacy of card magic over the past fifty
years.
In this manner there arose from the magical union of a nearly mythic individual (the com-
bination of all his talents would seem the work of either God or the Devil) with literary
necessity, a classic of card magic (and to be a "classic" prior to publication is surely the
purest magic, isn't it?).
Dear reader, I hope that this book will give you great pleasure, that you will fully enjoy it,
that you will find it useful and place it on your night stand, or next to your pillow, or on
your desk beside the books by Erdnase, Vernon, Ascanio, Slydini, Tarbell, Marlo, Le Paul,
Daley, Al Baker, Annemann, Hugard, Braue, Maskelyne, Hilliard, Robert-Houdin, Rene
Lavand, Kaplan, Gaultier, Hoffmann, Roterberg, Hofzinser, Paul Harris, Jennings and others
that you already have, or will soon wish you had.
And-naturally!-beside your deck: our cherished, most beautiful and magical instrument
with its fifty-two or fifty-four misplayed pasteboards.
And now I shall conclude (at last!) as I began ...
Giobbi has done it!
AT LAST!

Madrid, 1992
 Introduction to volume 1
Dear Reader,
Welcome to my Card CoUege, a study course, by the way, that has nothing in common with
any class you may have sat in on before. I trust you won't sleep through this one! You may
approach it holistically or piecemeal. There are no term papers, no exams, no grades. I
want this course to be more fun for you than any other class you've ever had.
Essentially, this is a book on the principles of the art of card magic, not a mere collection
of techniques and tricks. It will take us from the history and symbolism of cards, through
their physical properties and dexterous handling, all the way to the psychology that both
conceals and reveals.
If you understand and apply the contents of this course, you will be able to do anything
with cards that your own creativity suggests. Do understand and assimilate the principles
in this book Don't be limited by the individual tricks, the presentations or especially the
scripts and gags. Understand why and how at that particular moment precisely this was
said or done. Give each technique its due; then-if you are sure you understand the
underlying principles- adapt the tricks.
Regarding credits: In my writing I have always been careful to cite the sources, insofar a3
they are known to me. This gives the inventor of an idea proper recognition and permits
you to look up the original description. However, the practice of providing extensive
historical credits can give the writing style an academic character. In an attempt to avoid
this pitfall, yet still give the interested reader sufficient historical background, I have
employed footnotes in the text, which lead to further information in the Bibliographic Notes
starting on page 245. More detailed discussions of ideas, plots and concepts have been left
to works written for the students and researchers of magic history. I feel that this plan
represents-for a book of this type-a fair way to recognize and give thanks to those who
have earned it. Omissions are my responsibility and your understanding is appreciated.
I wrote this book for all those readers whose tastes are as simple as my own: I want only
the best of everything! I have tried to give you my best in this book Now you must decide
whether I have succeeded.
Roberto Giobbi
Reinach, 1995
 The Art if Peiformi1i'J
Magic with cards
A Personal Note
I wrote this course for fun. I truly e:rUoy analyzing, understanding and describing complex
physical, psychological and dramatic sequences ·a s precisely as possible.
Yes, writing this course really was great fun. I hope some of the fun rubs off. I hope that
you sense this inner joy and grow to share it as you read each page, study each technique
and trick, and finally, at the culmination of this process, give a live performance for an
audience. This inner joy springs from the knowledge that one has made something of
oneself, that one has exhibited and expressed oneself fully in an artistic sense. Perhaps
someday this will change your life, as it did mine when I resolved to make the practice of
magic my profession. Perhaps it will also be a constant source of joy, refreshing and relaxing
your spirit in your moments of leisure with a creative and challenging activity. In any case,
I wish you boundless pleasure.

How to Get the Most from this Book

To get the most fun and profit from this book, follow the advice in this section.
Of course, there are no hard rules on how best to read this book Your current level of
expertise and the goals that inspired you to read it will determine that. Let's assume that
you are a novice and have little or no knowledge of card technique. Or perhaps you have
done magic for several years, but never bothered to learn the fundamental techniques as
a foundation. In either of these cases, I would advise you to study the course from the
beginning, taking each chapter in order. Didactically, the book was written with precisely
this kind of reader in mind. Be sure to read the section "Instruments and Tools", which will
form the foundation of your knowledge.
I believe that a general understanding of the history and symbolism of playing cards is also
important, and the section "A Brief History of Playing Cards" will provide you with an
overview of this topic. Before you advance to the core of the text- beginning with Chap-
ter 1-familiarize yourself with the terminology employed, by studying the charts of the
hand and deck, which are printed on both the front and rear endsheets of this book These
terms will be used frequently in our studies.

THE ART OF PERFORMING MAGIC WITH CARDS 1

No matter what your level of knowledge, I would advise you to read the chapters in order.
The techniques and tricks described in each should be mastered, or at least well under-
stood, before you tackle those in following chapters. These techniques are fundamental
for a confident handling of the deck and a thorough understanding of card magic. And
understanding comes not from reading alone, but from mastering the techniques and tricks.
On the other hand, you can use this book simply as a reference and read only the chapters
relevant to your needs. The chapters are basically self-contained and refer back to other
chapters only when dealing with complex routines. I deliberately chose mostly short and
simple tricks using, when possible, only the technique under discussion. Of course, this
was not always practical, since often a card must at least be controlled to be subsequently
palmed or switched. But I have avoided complex tricks, which can readily be found in
abundance in other works. The bibliography in the back of this volume should facilitate
your selection. The tricks were chosen with the goal of motivating you to learn the tech-
nique, and to provide you with a vehicle for putting the technique into practice as quickly
as possible. It is my hope that this will provide you with rapid success, keeping you mov-
ing along the path to advanced card magic as long as possible.
Finally, read each technique and trick description with cards in hand, and work through
the steps as they are described. Use a highlighter and a pencil to take notes. For most
readers, this will prove the best method. There may be some who prefer first to absorb
each description intellectually before working through the instructions with cards in hand.
That is perfectly fine. Find the method that works best for you and stick with it until you
discover something better. That way you will certainly have the most fun.

The Best Way to Learn from this Book

This course has been designed so that-in theory-each technique can be learned by
studying its illustrations. In other words, the purely mechanical aspect of the technique
can be understood in a few seconds. But as each technique is an example of physical
precision, and the latter is deeply influenced by psychology- that is, your understanding
and attitude- the accompanying text expresses all the relevant subtleties I know, such
as precise fingerings, pressures, handling, timing, rhythm, control of attention and
perception, and many other details that contribute to a successful and artistic execution.
You will also find "Check Points" throughout the course, discussions addressing difficulties
that often occur while learning the relevant techniques. These points were developed as a
result of innumerable private lessons, workshops and lectures. If you are serious in making
progress, you can avoid all the stumbling blocks you might encounter by studying the
descriptions and advice given in the "Check Point" discussions.
Technique is not merely a means to an end, as some pragmatists will tell you. In my opin-
ion it is a means of expression as well, allowing the artist to put his signature on each trick
Give it the time it deserves.

A Comment on the Iaustrations

I have chosen line drawings to illustrate all the techniques and effects. These are gener-
ally better suited than a photograph for visually communicating the essentials and details
of deck and hand positions- or even a sequence of events. The camera gives equal weight
to everything within its field of vision whereas, for a technical description, not everything

2 CARD COLLEGE
is equally important. Line drawings emphasize the important things and omit eve:rything
else. This gives the reader a better insight into the essentials of a technique or sequence.
Furthermore, line drawings may be reproduced with greater clarity.
The trick descriptions contain significantly fewer illustrations, as they generally use tech-
niques that have already been depicted in detail. Don't let the low quantity of illustrations
mislead you regarding the high quality of the tricks.
The illustrations are almost always from the performer's viewpoint. This allows you to
compare the illustrated situation with the positions of your own hands and cards. In some
cases, the view will be from another angle to clarify a point. These exceptions are noted
in the text. They generally show the audience's viewpoint or a view where the cards are
transparent. The latter are still from the performer's view, but the transparency allows for
a better understanding than a view from below.

On the Terminology
In other books on card magic you will find some terminology at variance with that used
here. This is because writers of magic have never adopted a unified technical vocabulary.
As many conjuring articles are contributed by enthusiasts, almost invariably without com-
pensation, the authors are most often untrained.as writers, and each employs a different
means of expressing technical matters. I have made an attempt in this course to formu-
late a logical and consistent terminology. Much of that terminology is sununarized on the
maps of the hands and deck that appear on the front and back end-sheets of this book. I
think the logic of these terms is reasonably obvious, with one possible exception: my defi-
nition of the outsides and the insides of the fingers. The outsides of the fingers are those
sides on the same side of the hand as the thumb. The insides of the fingers are those sides
on the same side of the hand as the little finger.

Thinking Beyond What is Immediately Required

I have tried in this course to bring you only the absolute basics of card technique. That
does not mean that you will learn only elementary techniques, for you will also be con-
fronted with essential fingerings and handlings. These new fingerings will often require a
change in your habits. For many techniques, such as the overhand shuffle, you will say,
"I've been doing that for a long time and it work.s just fine. Why should I adopt a new
position for the little finger?" Always keep in mind that, though a technique has often
worked, this is no sign that it was done properly or that it cannot be done better. In subse-
quent chapters you will often note that certain advanced techniques really do require the
new position or they cannot be executed with certainty. And certainty of execution is one
of the prerequisites for self-confidence in performance. You will be learning fingerings in
this course that may not be strictly necessary for the tricks described here. But they will
spare you many difficulties when you begin to learn more advanced techniques.

Art and Expression in the Handling of Cards

You will often encounter the terms "economical" and "cesthetic" in this course. They are
cornerstones of my philosophy on the artistic and professional handling of cards.
Economical in this sense means linear, direct: doing what must be done without digres-
sions or distractions. The term is meant in both its literal and figurative senses. Literally,

THE ART OF PERFORMING MAGIC WITH CARDS 3

economical means executing a teclmique without superfluous finger motion. For example,
it is more economical to use an open riffle shuffle (page 108) rather than a closed riffle
shuffle (page 105) when shuffling normally, because you can get into position more quickly.
In terms of handling, economical means the avoidance of unnecessary "hand ballets". And
in a dramatic or presentational sense, when considering the structure of a routine, economy
demands a direct, logical construction that arouses the spectators' interest and holds it
throughout the effect.
In my opinion, cesthetic is closely related to economy of motion and construction. A baroque
style may have its charm, but in our time does not reflect modem resthetic tastes.
Exceptions may be made if someone plays a character part in a theatrical setting, for
example, when Ricky Jay performs "The Exclusive Coterie" by S. W. Erdnase in a Victorian
style or when someone performs a trick using an original script by J. N. Hofzinser.

How Much Theory is Necessary?

In my opinion the development of a theory only makes sense if it has practical applications,
either directly or indirectly. A theory is only useful when it is understood- and true
understanding only comes when an abstract theoretical concept is internalized as a result
of experience. The interplay of the real and the ideal produces physical and emotional
sensations that are stored up, becoming part of a personal treasure-trove of experiences
to be called on. These are general statements, but ones that a study of teclmique and
handling will verify. The analysis of a teclmique can only be fully understood in the context
of a routine. Only here do the purely teclmical aspects blend with the construction and
presentation of an effect. I have, therefore, described at least one good trick for each
teclmique, allowing you to apply the theories provided in the preceding information to a
live presentation.

The Path of the Master

If you master the teclmiques and tricks in this course, you will be more capable than ninety
percent of all magicians who do card magic, and you will have the tools of a card expert.
I wish you every success on your journey along this path.
The thoughts I've just expressed should really have been my foreword. But it is often said
that no one reads forewords because they never contain anything of importance. Which
is why I gathered these pronouncements here. I hope you can forgive me this, my first trick
of the course.

4 CARD COLLEGE
 ABrief History if Playi~ Cards
Playing cards are the instrument of the card cof\iurer. The more you lmow about your
instrument, the more sensitively you will handle it and the more expressively you will
master it, making it an extension of your personality. It is therefore imperative that you
learn some facts (and speculations) regarding the origins and symbolism of playing cards.
In addition, the material presented here can form the basis for both intelligent conversa-
tions with your spectators and presentations for card effects.
There are as many theories about the origins of playing cards and their introduction into
Europe as there are about the origins of the Easter bunny. A plausible thesis maintains
that the Arabs brought cards from the Middle East in the fourteenth century and introduced
them to Europe via Spain and Italy. Egypt is often cited as the country of their origin, and
Egyptian playing cards do bear a remarkable resemblance to the earliest Spanish and Italian
decks. The oft-heard claim that gypsies were responsible for their introduction is not sup-
ported by the fact that cards were present in Europe before the gypsies were.
The first lmown mention of playing cards, according to Luis Monreal, in his article
"Iconographia de la Baraja Espanola" (Journal of the International Playing Card Soci-
ety, February 1989) occurred in Spain in 1371. The absence of playing cards is telling in
the works of both Petrarch and Boccaccio. In Italy, a Florentine city ordinance forbidding
a newly introduced card game called naibbe is dated May 23, 1376. Cards are not men-
tioned in England until the fifteenth century, but seem to have first appeared in central
and southern Europe at the end of the fourteenth century, lending support to the theory
that they were imported, though their exact geographical origins remain obscure.
The expertise of artisans and the ingenuity of the human spirit are wedded in the mysteri-
ous deck of cards, making it not merely a mathematical labyrinth and chaos of symbols,
but-in the skillful hands of a card magician-a proper stage on which fifty-two actors
can be brought to life to represent the entire human condition. There are, in fact, incred-
ible parallels between the world of man and the microcosm of the deck The duality
principle of life-day and night, good and evil, etc.-is symbolized by the colors red and
black The court and spot cards represent the hierarchy underlying the organization of
primitive and civilized societies. The four suits symbolize the four seasons, the thirteen
cards in each suit represent the thirteen lunar cycles each year, the twelve court cards cor-
respond to the twelve months of the Gregorian calendar (1582), the fifty-two cards are the

A BRIEF HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS 5

fifty-two weeks in the year, the sum of all the pips equals 365 (364 plus one for the Joker!),
the number of days in the year. It is particularly curious that, if you spell out the names of
all thirteen values, from Ace to King, dealing one card for each letter, the final card of the
deck will be dealt on the "g" of King. More astonishing still, this works even if you are
spelling the words in French, Swedish, Dutch or German (in German the letters "ch" in
Sechs and Acht must be treated as a single letter for this to work) There is no evidence
that the inventors of cards intended these characteristics, though the Alsatian master Ingold
explained in his Das guldien spiel that the fifty-two cards represented the fifty-two weeks
of the year and the four suits corresponded to the four sins of humanity. Thus began a com-
pelling myth, which should not be construed as an accurate analysis of the original
allegorical meaning of cards.
In fourteenth century Spain, the four suits represented the four dominant principles of the
prevailing society. Diamonds (oro =gold, money) stood for capital, Hearts (capas =cups,
goblets) for the church, Spades (spadas = swords) for nobility, and Clubs (bas ton = clubs)
for political power. The French followed this pattern closely, renaming the suits carreau
(Diamonds), coeur (Hearts), pique (Spades) and trejle (Clubs).
According to a treatise by Johannes von Rheinfelden, a German Dominican priest, the four-
teenth century deck already consisted of fifty-two cards, divided into four suits of thirteen
cards, just as we have today. Shortly after, a new game, tarocchi, was introduced in Italy,
using an expanded deck One card was added to each suit, along with twenty-two addi-
tional cards, the triorifi. These cards were used for gambling and still serve that purpose
today in certain parts of the world. It is not hard to see that this is the famous Tarot deck,
which French occultists first used for fortunetelling at the end of the eighteenth century.
Only later were the Tarot cards-previously used only for play-introduced without gam-
bling associations into other countries. This likely created the myth that Tarot cards were
devised for fortunetelling. Decks with less than fifty-two cards are convenient for some
games (piquet, skat, jass, etc.) but are basically incomplete.
Numerous edicts prohibited playing with cards, on both economic and religious grounds.
From the beginning they have been the objects of play, which in one form or another
involved money as the winner's reward. Those gamblers who wanted to increase their
chances of winning, likely developed the first trick techniques with cards. The earliest
known reference is dated 1408 in Paris, and describes a card cheat who took advantage
of his contemporaries with a game bearing a psychological resemblance to three-card
monte. The first card tricks were likely created by people who enjoyed performing. The
earliest known description of a card trick also dates back to the fifteenth century. Luca
Pacioli (the father of modem accounting) described a performance in which Giovanni de
Jasone de Ferara divined a chosen card. This historic tidbit, recently discovered by Vanni
Bossi, appears in an unpublished manuscript co-authored by Leonardo da Vinci. The first
card effect to be described and explained in print appeared in 1550 in Girolamo Cardano's
De subtili tate. This effect was the location and identification of a selected card. Three meth-
ods are mentioned: the break (see page 28 of this volume), the key-card principle (see
Chapter 10) and a reference, bereft of detail, to mathematical methods. In a later, expanded
edition of this work, Cardano added an anecdote describing the wonderful card effects of
Francesco Soma, a Neapolitan lute player.
Although the sixteenth century saw numerous descriptions and explanations of card tricks,
the first detailed exposition was in Reginald Scot's Discoverie of Witchcraft in 1584. In 1593

6 CARD COLLEGE
Horatio Galasso published Giochi di carte beUissimi di regola, e di memoria in Venice.
Rather than describe tricks dependent on sleight-of-hand, as Scot had, Galasso described
tricks having as their basis intelligent applications of mathematical principles, including
a stacked deck, possibly the first description of this idea Scot and Galasso thus laid the
foundations on which card cof\iuring would build during the following two centuries.
Any brief sketch of the history of card cof\iuring would have to make mention of the fol-
lowing individuals, who profoundly influenced all who followed them: Pinetti of Italy,
Robert-Houdin of France, Johann Nepomuk Hofzinser of Austria, Charles Bertram of
England and S. W. Erdnase of the United States. The latter wrote the first detailed and
precise descriptions of card-cheating methods. His book, The Expert at the Card Table
( 1902) was at first only understood by a few, chief among them Dai Vernon, who must be
cited as the last truly outstanding influence on the art. In the first half of the twentieth
century many important contributions were made by performers and authors such as Carlo
Rossetti, Padre Wenceslao Ciur6, Theodore Annemann, Frederick Braue, Jean Hugard,
John N. Hilliard, Professor Hoffmann (Angelo Lewis), August Roterberg, Ottokar Fischer,
Conradi-Horster (Conrad A Horster), Camille Gaultier and Jules Dhotel. More recently
the art and literature of card cof\juring have been enriched by Arturo de Ascanio, Derek
Dingle, Alex Elmsley, Lewis Ganson, Frank Garcia, Phil Goldstein, Bro. John Hamman,
Richard Kaufman, Harry Lorayne, Edward Marlo, Stephen Minch, Juan Tamariz and
Richard Vollmer, to name just a few.
Without doubt, playing cards are the most fascinating object employed in the art of magic.
No less a performer than Hofzinser designated card col'\iuring the "poetry" of magic. Cards
have produced a palette of sciences, from their symbolism of humanity to their numeri-
cal properties and all the mathematical possibilities embodied therein. They serve at play
and strategy, for fortunetelling and occult practices, and as a vehicle for social communi-
cation. They permit an expression of skill and intelligence. Everything is brought together
in card cof\juring, for there is no effect, no emotion, that can't be expressed with a deck of
cards. They are a microcosm reflecting the "human condition", to use Rousseau's expres-
sion, mirroring the fate and reality of mankind. Card tricks unite the principles of nature
(natural material), of art (creativity, interpretations, self expression, talent), of science
(psychological and mathematical principles) and of spirituality (symbolism, personal
growth and therapy).
Thousands of human beings have influenced the history of card magic in small and large
ways, and hundreds of thousands of magazines and books testify persuasively to this. At
the beginning of the twenty-first century, at least one book on card magic is published each
week Perhaps this book you now hold will help you to become a part of that history.

I would like to thank my learned friends William Kalush, Richard Vollmer and Vanni Bossi
for contributing information that has substantially influenced this essay.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS 7

 Instruments and Too~
''A young man resolved to become a woodsman. He bought an ax and set
to work. At camp that evening, he proudly told his fellow woodsmen that
he had felled nine trees. Inspired by his success, he got up an hour earlier
the next morning to increase his productivity. He was dead tired that
evening, but had only felled eight trees. Now he was really determined. The
next day he worked from dawn to dusk without taking a break. Even so,
he only managed to feU six trees. Distressed, he sought the council of an
experienced woodsman. The woodsman took the young mans ax and ran
his thumb several times along the edge of the blade, saying calmly, "Young
man, every now and then you should sharpen your ax!"

The Hands
With the cards as your instrument, your hands are the tools that actually determine the
success of the card trick being perlormed. In principle, your hands are your most impor-
tant tool. And any work of art is generally only as good as the tools employed to create it.
In any case, you can only expect the best results if you care for them properly.
The coordination between your thoughts and the movement of your hands is extremely
important. In Chapter 27 ("Theocy") in Volume 2, I shall discuss the topic in more detail.
Here I am only concerned with the condition and care of the hands and their relation to
the execution of techniques.
Hand and Skin Types
The importance of your hand's skin type is relative. By this I mean that people with all types
of skin can, of course, perlorm magic. But there are certain techniques that are easier for
those having somewhat drier skin-for example, thumb and little-finger counts, double
lifts and false shuffles-whereas all false deals and some palming techniques are facilitated
by a somewhat moister skin. The specific anatomy of your hands will make some
techniques easier for you, while others will test your patience. Obviously, huge hands make
palming (Chapter 18, Volume 2) easier to execute and conceal than small hands, and long
fingers better cover the pass (Chapter 19, Volume 2) in front. But such an attribute can
also have its disadvantages, as even an unsophisticated spectator, upon seeing huge hands,
might think, 'Those hands could hide anything."
Once you know your hand and skin type, you will take note of this relationship and patiently
spend more time on some techniques than on others; and you will naturally be happy when

8 CARD COLLEGE
some teclmiques prove easy for you. From my own experience and the result of polling
many experts throughout the world, I can assure you that you can learn every technique,
independent of the kind of hand and skin you have, providing you motivate yourself to
devote sufficient practice to it, which-as stated earlier-can vary from hand to hand. In
the worst case you can console yourself with the knowledge that every teclmique may be
replaced by another technique, or a principle, or a subtlety or ruse.
In this connection let me point out that the anatomy of your hand will change very little
during your lifetime-unless you are reading this book as a child. However, several factors
(age, environment, climate and stress) are responsible for a change in skin types. From
birth to my mid-twenties, I had very moist hands. Around age twenty-six, my skin got drier.
'This can also be measured in terms of one's use of decks: I used to need three to four decks
each week Now I need only that many a month.
Hand Care
'This is not a short course on manicure, but the topic must be addressed. Your hands will
be on constant display during performance. Can you risk having them not look their best?
Here I shall outline a few of the basic principles of hand care. Pay attention to your hands,
for they represent your greatest investment in the art of performing magic with cards. Well
groomed hands will give you the same feeling of well being as wearing a freshly laundered
and pressed shirt.
Your hands will quickly become soiled as you practice. The dust all around us will stick to
the sweat and oils of your hand to make them dirty. Soiled hands in turn shorten the life-
time of your deck, even with plastic cards, which otherwise last a long time. Before
practicing and, of course, before every performance, wash your hands with a mild soap. I
personally use an alkali-free pH 7 soap. Such neutral soap removes dirt without harming
the natural oils of the hands. 'This keeps the hands from drying out after washing, and leaves
you with practically the same feeling in your fingers after washing as before, so that your
practice session can continue unimpeded. Try different soaps and, when you find the one
that is best for you, stick with it. If you have very moist hands, you can find creams in drug-
stores that will keep your hands dry. This can be a great help during practice and
performance. I used them for years.
If you have normal or somewhat dry hands, I recommend that you apply a cream after
each washing. Use a formula that is quickly absorbed and non-greasy-your cards will
thank you. You can skip the cream after the practice-session washings.
The appropriate length of your fingernails is partly a matter of taste, but short nails facili-
tate the execution of most techniques and generally look better. Nail biting is absolutely
taboo-break the habit, even if it means visiting a hypnotherapist. Pay just as much
attention to your cuticles. My advice: Go at least once to a professional manicurist, paying
close attention to the procedure and getting professional advice on the proper care of your
nails. Then buy a good pair of nail shears, a cuticle remover and a good cream, compatible
with your skin type.

The Playing Cards

Let me state right away that the perfect card does not yet exist. And most likely it never
will, for not only do numerous objective and often conflicting criteria enter into the

INSTRUMENTS AND TOOIS 9

equation, but also one's personal tastes and sensibility. It may well take you years to find
the cards you like best.
There are as many brands of cards as there are grains of sand on the proverbial seashore.
A good card consists of three layers: a thin face layer with a treated outer surface, a center
layer for stiffness, and a thin back layer that also has a treated outer surface. The quality
of the card is determined by the quality and grain of the paper, the glue and the treatment
of the outer surfaces.
Card Decks
For your own use and in performance, use a standard fifty-two card deck plus the accom-
panying jokers. If you can do magic with a fifty-two card deck, other decks will pose no
problems, whereas the reverse is certainly not the case.
Smaller decks, such as the French piquet pack or the German skat deck, each of which
has only thirty-two cards, or the Swiss jass deck with thirty-six cards or the Spanish and
Italian decks with forty, are best reseiVed for special routines centering around games using
those cards.
Card Size
The fundamental distinction here is between poker- and bridge-size cards, although there
are also miniature decks and jumbo decks. Poker-size decks are somewhat wider than
bridge-size decks. Many card-conjuring hobbyists favor the bridge size. Various reasons
are given; for example, the smaller cards are more easily concealed in the palm. However,
many amateur and professional card conjurers use poker-size cards. Here I shall outline
the pros and cons of each, so that you may make your own decision.

• Poker cards have more surface area available to press against.

• The faces of the cards, including the pip cards, are larger and, therefore, more resthetic.
• Poker cards are more pliable thanks to their greater width. This makes techniques like
the double lift and riffle shuffle easier and more attractive to execute.
• If you practice with poker-size cards,' you can always perform with bridge-size cards if
offered a borrowed deck. This is analogous to practicing with large coins, then perform-
ing with smaller ones, or warming up with a medicine ball for a basketball game. The
reverse situation may produce great difficulties. How will it seem to your audience if
you said, "Oh, I'm not used to these wide cards."
• Poker-size cards are better for many tricks and techniques: providing cover for false
and controlled riffle shuffles, coin transposition tricks under cover of cards, etc.
• Poker-size cards are wider throughout the world. In Europe, however, laymen prefer
bridge-size cards.
• Poker-size cards are generally manufactured by companies who also supply casinos with
decks. They must be trustworthy brands or they would not be used by gambling estab-
lishments. This is your best defense if someone accuses you of using marked cards. The
U. S. Playing Card Company of Cincinnati, Ohio-the manufacturer of Bicycle, Bee and
Tally-ho decks-supplies most of the U.S. casinos with their cards.

10 CARD COLLEGE
• Bridge-size trick decks are widely available to the general public. But only the most
sophisticated laymen know that poker-size trick cards exist. Even some magicians fail
to suspect trick cards when poker-size cards are used.
• In my experience, poker-size cards are generally better quality and have more attrac-
tive back designs. Would you want to work with less than the best and most appealing?
• Poker- and bridge-size cards are equally easy to palm, independent of your hand size.
The determining factor here is technique.
• The use of poker cards has become a status factor in the profession: experts use poker-
size cards. This is, admittedly, a debatable point.
My advice is to use poker-size cards from the very beginning, for practical reasons. You
can easily switch to bridge-size cards at anytime, but to do the reverse would be quite
difficult.
The Finish
Among the many designations used to categorize the treatment of the outer layers of play-
ing cards, the most commonly seen are plastic coated, linen finish, resilient linen finish,
air-cushion finish and Nevada finish.
Buy one of each of these decks and experiment with them. But be prepared to change your
preference in the course of time. Criteria that seem important to you when you begin your
study may seem less so as you become more expert.
The advantage of plastic coated cards is that they last longer and generally stay flat. But
they also cling less to one another, which can make them difficult to fan evenly. Some
advanced techniques, though, like second, bottom and center dealing, as well as pull-
through shuffies, are made easier with reduced friction between cards.
Face and Back Designs
The best back designs for the card coi\iurer have a white border. Prominent examples are
Bicycle Rider Backs and Tally-ho Circle Backs. Borders are more pleasing resthetically.
They also relax the eye and facilitate the execution of many techniques in which a card is
reversed in the deck
For gambling routines, though, cards with an overall back design, particularly the Bee and
Steamboat brands, are recommended, as such cards are generally used in professional gam-
bling. This is because of the widely held belief that such cards are more difficult to mark
on the back-which is a total myth.
The Card Case
Use cards that come in a cardboard case. Aside from the fact that these cases are the most
common with better brands, the case itself has many magical uses. Some cards will also
be wrapped in foil or wax paper inside the case, an additional sign of quality.
Treating the Cards
Some magic books tell you that the cards must be specially treated. Generally this is in
reference to cards for the stage manipulator. Cards for close-up performances need not
be treated. Forget about fanning powder or zinc sterate-simply use a good quality new
deck Decks with rough edges, or ones that do not spread evenly must be broken in. But
stop before your perspiration penetrates the edges of the cards.

INSTRUMENTS AND TOOIS 11

General Remarks
Once you have found the cards that work best for you, stick with them until you have a
compelling reason to switch. Work exclusively with these cards. You can put together most
trick decks yourself or-for certain popular brands-order them from a magic store. You
can also make trick cards to match most decks yourself or have them made for you.
Whether performing for a large or small audience, always use a new deck or one in new
condition. New cards guarantee optimal execution of techniques and identify you as a
polished artist, one who pays attention to detail; so don't try to skimp on this. Never forget
that the deck of cards is your instrument.

The Close-up Pad

When you perform, you should be able to do certain tricks on any surface. Whether you
have a special pad or mat, a padded or unpadded table cloth, or the bare table, as a magi-
cian you should not be dependent on the surface.
Nevertheless, in practice sessions and in most performances-certainly in formal perfor-
mances-you should arrange for every possible advantage. In addition to warm,
well-cared-for hands and a new deck, a proper pad to perform on belongs in your arse-
nal.
Pad Size
Use as large a pad as possible, since this permits larger motions. The smallest pad you
should consider is sixteen inches by twenty. A pad smaller than this will produce cramped
handlings and prevent clear and attractive displays when cards are set out. I personally
use a wooden card table with folding legs, its top measuring thirty inches square and
covered with velvet, for my performances.
Material
The underside of the pad should be made of slip-proof rubber, the top side of velvet or
velvet-like material. Avoid felt, which becomes fuzzy, gets under your fingernails and soon
leaves the top looking used. Between the top and bottom layers of the pad there can be
an interface of sponge rubber to provide necessary softness.
Some experts swear by very soft pads, though I personally prefer a somewhat firmer
surface. A variety of pads are available through magic stores, or you can make a very nice
one yourself. But don't skimp here either. This is one of your primary tools and all your
tools should be of the finest quality.
Color
Green is considered a calming and neutral color, which is why many surfaces made for
card playing are green. I prefer a pure, dark blue, since I generally work with red cards.
Black is also good when using red cards, and can look striking with coins, cups and other
pretty props as well. A deep, dark red or an elegant mustard yellow is also viable. The color
is surely a question of taste, but you should avoid bright colors, which irritate the specta-
tors' eyes.

12 CARD CDLLEGE
 CHAPTER 1
FUNDAMENTAL
TECHNIQlJES
'~man without a foundation is like a ship without a rudder and
compass, buffeted here and there by every wind. "
Samuel Smiles
 This chapter should be studied first, as it defines and details essential card
techniques on which everything is built. The terms and handlings taught here
are used repeatedly in the chapters to follow. A thorough understanding and
mastery of this material is necessary to grasp and attain all that is to come.

14 CARD COLLEGE
 Dealt~ Position

This is the most important of all positions.

The cards are generally held in this grip
when they are in your possession but not in
active use or, as the term implies, when you
are dealing the cards. Study the exact posi-
tion of each fmger in the illustrations, as
each has a specific function in certain tech-
niques.

The deck "floats" in the left hand. It neither

rests on the palm nor is it clutched by the fin-
gers. The lower right edge of the deck rests
on the outer joints of the middle, ring and
little fingers. Thus only the outer phalanx of
each of these fingers touches the right side.
The index finger prevents the cards from
sliding forward. The lower outer edge of the
deck contacts both the outer and middle
joints of the index finger. The lower, inner
left comer of the deck rests near the lower
heel of the thumb. The thumb can rest either
along the left side of the deck or on top. The
deck is beveled to conform to the anatomy
of the hand.

This next position shall be referred to as the

open dealing position. Extending the thumb
to the left and the fingers to the right ex-
presses non-verbally that everything is fair
and above board. The hand looks relaxed,
so this position should be taken whenever
possible. It encourages the impression that
you are exerting the barest minimum of con-
trol over the cards.

FUNDAMENIAL TECHNIQUES 15
 This position will be referred to as the strad-
dle dealing position. In contrast to the other
positions, the little finger is at the inner end
of the deck This grip offers the firmest and
securest control of the deck and is required
for the successful execution of certain
techniques. This position should only be
taken inunediately prior to the execution of
those techniques.

Check Points
1. How finnly should you hold the deck? Yes, you've held cards in your hand all
Imagine the deck is a bird: Hold it your life, but where was your index fin-
fi.nnly enough to keep it from flying ger? It's like the fourth string of a violin:
away, but not so finnly as to crush it. Without it, there's no symphony. Never
2. To obtain a smooth bevel of the deck, forget the index finger!
slide the left thumb lightly over the left 4. Deviations from this dealing position
side of the cards, from bottom to top. will be required by certain techniques
3. Don't make the mistake of assuming and will be detailed in the relevant
that you already know this technique. descriptions.

16 CARD COLLEGE
 The End Gri)J
This position is often used when the right
hand cuts the deck or lifts it from the table
or the left hand. The illustration shows the
open end grip. The deck is held near its right
corners between the thumb and middle
finger. The ring and little fingers rest neatly
alongside the middle finger, and the outer
phalanx of the index finger is bent in, so that
the fingertip rests on top of the deck

This illustration, shown from a front view,

shows the covered end grip. Here the deck
is held by the right thumb, middle, ring and
little fingers. The ring finger touches the
outer right comer of the deck As in the open
end grip, the outer phalanx of the index
finger is bent and the fingertip touches the
top of the deck, practically at the left border.

Check Points
1. A common mistake is to hold the right the deck is beveled slightly to the right,
fingers almost perpendicular to the the outer right comers of the top few
deck Look closely at the illustrations. cards slide naturally between the ring
The thumb and the back of the deck and little fingers.
make an angle of about thirty degrees,
2. The open end grip is so named because
as do the other fingers at the front. This
the majority of the deck is visible. In
is true of both end grips. In the illustra-
contrast, the covered end grip has the
tion of the covered end grip one can
advantage of masking the thickness of
see how this allows the outer right cor-
ner of the deck to contact both the the deck from the front. It is often used
middle phalanx of the little finger and when the right hand holds more or
the inner phalanx of the ring finger. If fewer cards than claimed.

fuNDAMENlAL TECHNIQUES 17
 Elevated Deali"f!5 Position
Tills position should always be used when the deck needs to be displayed with particular
clarity. The emphasis achieved draws greater attention to the deck and should, therefore,
only be used when such attention is desired. The fact that the deck is held at the finger-
tips, away from the palm, makes it appear less fumly held and controlled. As a result, this
position gives an impression of extreme fairness.

Hold the deck in the left hand, as shown in

the illustration. The index finger is bent
under the deck, with the fingernail touching
the bottom of the deck (The illustration
shows a transparent view.) The weight of
the deck is actually supported by the index
finger. The other fingers only hold the deck
lightly. In the elevated position, the index
finger can also be placed at the front end of
the deck

To reach this position from regular dealing

position, take the deck in right-hand end
grip, while moving the left index finger
underneath the deck to the face of the
bottom card. Lift the left side of the deck
with the right hand, sliding the side along the
inside of the left thumb and stopping at the
center of the thumb's outer phalanx. The
right side remains where it is, acting as a
pivot point. The deck is now in the elevated
dealing position. Tills position can also be
reached without the use of the right hand,
using the curled left index finger to raise the
left side of the deck

18 CARD COLLEGE
 squart~ the Deck
You will encounter this term often in this course, so we will define the handling precisely.
Later this squaring teclmique will be employed with a break, a step or an ir\iogged card to
achieve advanced teclmiques.

Using the right hand, bring the deck from

dealing position to elevated dealing position
as previously described. Continue to hold
the deck in end glip. The light hand controls
the cards during the initial phase of the
squaring. The left fingers and thumb slide
inward along the sides of the deck, then
outward. This action can be repeated sev-
eral times. Each time the thumb slides from
the outer left comer to the inner left comer
and back again.

Without changing glips, the left hand takes

control of the deck This transfer of control
is naturally invisible, since the change is only
one of fmger pressures. The right fingers
now slide from left to light along the ends.
Thus the deck has been squared along the
ends as well as the sides. Lower it once
again to standard dealing position.

\~
When you square the deck in the hands,
always do it this way, as the handling at the
fingertips visually implies extreme fairness.

FUNDAMENW TECHNIQUES 19
 The Ail-around square-IgJ
This technique is used to square the deck in the hands, but it is also a prerequisite for
numerous advanced techniques.

(
!---' Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-
ing position. The right hand takes it in end
grip and lifts it to elevated dealing position.
The left index finger is bent under the deck,
so that its nail contacts the bottom.

The right hand begins to turn the deck clock-

wise. The bottom of the deck pivots on the
nail of the left index finger. Simultaneously,
the left hand turns counterclockwise. After
the deck has been turned about ninety
degrees, the left thumb will be on what was
the right side of the deck and the left middle,
ring and little fingers will be on what was the
left side. The deck at this point is practically
vertical. This position is held for only a frac-
tion of a second.

The left fingers take control of the deck and

continue its clockwise rotation. This returns
the cards to elevated dealing position. They
are briefly squared along the sides and ends,
and finally lowered to normal dealing posi-
tion. During this square up, the deck has
been rotated a hundred eighty degrees.

20 CARD COLLEGE
 Givif!5 the Deck aCoff!Plete cut
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position; then bring the right hand over the deck, grasp
the upper half in end grip, lift it and place it on the table. Return the right hand to the deck,
grasp the remainder in end grip and place it on top of the cards on the table. Inunediately
lift the entire deck in end grip and return it to left-hand dealing position, where you then
square it.
In placing the halves on the table, let them drop from an inch or so above it, rather than
simply setting them down. This gives the procedure a more elegant and innocent
appearance.

s_preadif!5 the cards in the Hands

This technique will be used often with the cards either face up or face down. Once again
we are analyzing a procedure with which you may feel you are already completely famil-
iar, for who has not spread the deck between the hands when picking out cards? But pay
attention here to the positions of the fingers and the manner in which cards are pushed
from hand to hand. This technique is the foundation on which such sleights as the classic
force (Chapter 15) and spread cull (Chapter 13), among others, will be erected.
Hold the deck in left-hand straddle dealing r
position. Tip the outer end of the deck up
about thirty degrees, so that the inner end
rests on the inside of the little finger. With
l
the left thumb, begin to push the top few ~
cards to the right, where they are received
by the palm-up right hand. Simultaneously,
shift the left index finger from the outer end
of the deck to a position beside the left
middle finger on the right side. Also note the
position of the right little finger at the inner
end of the deck. The hands form mirror
images of each other.

The right hand grasps the right edge of the

top card in the fork of the thumb and moves
to the right, while the left thumb pushes
more cards to the right.

FUNDAME.N'li\L TECHNIQUES 21
 The right index, middle and ring fingers
work under the resulting spread to keep the
cards flowing from left to right. The index
finger alternates with the middle and ring
fingers (these two acting as a unit) to pull
cards to the right. This illustration from
below shows the index finger just after it has
pulled a few cards to the right, while the
middle and ring fingers are being extended.

Here you see the right middle and ring fin-

gers contracted, having pulled cards to the
right, while the index finger extends to
receive the next batch of cards. The fingers
under the spread may be imagined to be
the legs of a tiny man walking across the
/ underside of the cards. The hands can move
together and apart, "accordion" style, or
remain stationary.

Check Points
1. The "flow" of the spread between the somewhat magical impression on the
hands results from the alternating viewer.
push of the left thumb and pull of the 3. The position of the little fingers is criti-
right index, middle and ring fingers. cal. They not only give the spread
2. Viewed from above, the motion of the stability between the hands, but permit
cards resembles that of a conveyor the cards to be extended in a wider and
belt. This makes an resthetic and even more attractive spread.

22 CARD COLLEGE
 ougwz~ cards as They are syread
Between the Hands
The purpose of this technique is to pick cards out of the deck, then place them elsewhere
· the deck or on the table. Let's assume we want to remove the four Aces, which are
distributed evenly in the deck

pread the cards face up between the hands,

ing the spreading technique just describ-
ed. As soon as you come to the first Ace, '/
lace the left thumb on its left side.

_love the right hand inward with its cards

and the left hand outward until about three-
quarters of the Ace is exposed. Contact the
back of the Ace at its inner right comer with
the right index finger and press it against the
card directly above it.

\Tow move the right hand forward, so that

the cards spread in the right hand are even
again with those in the left. The Ace now
extends from the front of the spread for
about three quarters of its length. (This
position is called an outjog.)

fUNDAMEN'li\L TECHNIQUES 23
 Resume the spreading of the cards until you
come to the next Ace. This is outjogged in
the spread in the same manner as the first
Ace. The procedure is repeated two more
times, until all four Aces project from the
deck
How you proceed from this point depends
on the requirements of the effect being
performed. The various handlings will be
detailed in the context of the trick descrip-
tions.

nribbli1!5 cards
This technique has numerous uses. Among them are: as a flourish, as a method for having
a card chosen, as a demonstration of the performer's lack of control over the cards, and
as a way to prepare for a palm.

Hold the deck in left-hand straddle dealing

position. With the right hand take it in end
grip, lift it about four inches above the left
palm, then bring it back down. During this
up-and-down motion, let the cards fall singly
or in very small packets from the bottom of
the deck Begin this "dribble" as you raise
the cards, facilitating their release by a light
but firm downward pressure of the right
index finger on the deck The cards should
be released at an even speed, producing a
soft riffling sound.

Dealing cards would seem to be so elementary a topic, the reader may wonder why it is
necessary to discuss it at all. But once again there is a right way and a wrong way to do
things. Initially, either would serve the purpose equally well, but for advanced techniques
precise positions of the fingers are critical. We will describe two methods of dealing. Most
of the other variations follow from these techniques.

24 CARD COLLEGE
 Deali~ cards Face Down-
The Draw Method
As dealing techniques generally originated at the ga.rnillg tables, it is not surprising that their
nomenclature comes from that source. The draw metlwd refers to the manner in which
cards are dealt in draw poker.
Hold the deck face down in left-hand dealing
position. The heel of the palm rests lightly
on the table or "floats" very slightly above it.
As the right hand approaches the deck, the
left thumb pushes the top card slightly to the
right. The right middle finger enters the gap
between the left index and middle fingers
and contacts the index of the top card with
the outside of the outer phalanx rather than
with the fingertip. Grip the outer right comer
of the top card between the right thumb (on
the back) and middle finger (on the index).

With the right hand, carry the card diago-

nally forward to the right, and place it on the
table. The transparent view of the card being
dealt shows the position of the right middle
finger.

Check Points
1. As the right hand approaches the left the horizon is between twenty degrees
to take a c ard, the left hand rolls (in rest position) and forty-five degrees
slightly inward to the right on the heel (in dealing position).
of the palm, then rolls back This is 3. When the card is placed on the table, it
repeated throughout the dealing. This should not be done with a noisy click
small, natural, rocking motion makes or snap, but with a gentle firmness.
the deal more pleasing to the eye while The only sound one should hear during
it aids the right hand in grasping the the deal is the quiet sound produced by
top card. the cards as they slide over the top of
2. The angle of the deck with respect to the deck

fUNDAMENlf\L TECHNIQ!lES 25
 Deali1I5 cards Face uy-
rhe stud Method
Stud method refers to the marmer in which cards are dealt in the game of stud poker, the
poker variant in which some cards are dealt face up.

Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-

ing position and push the top card to the
right with the left thumb. Grasp the card
with the right hand as shown in the illus-
tration. The index and middle fingers
contact the back of the card at the outer
right comer, while the thumb lies on the
face at the index.

Push up with the right thumb as you push

down with the fmgers. At the same time,
rotate the right hand a quarter tum outward
at the wrist This turns the card end over end
and face up. From this position place it on
the table.

26 CARD COLLEGE
 The Swi1!5 cut
' old the deck in left-hand dealing position.
en, with the right hand, grasp it in open
d grip. Extend the outer phalanx of the
right index finger to contact the front end of
e deck. At the same time, move the left
· dex finger slightly away from the deck to
make room for the right fingers. With the
right index finger, lift approximately half of
rhe deck at the front end, raising it simulta-
eously forward and to the left. Care should
be taken that the outer right corner does not
ecome caught on the right middle finger.

Grip the outer left corner of the upper half

in the fork of the left thumb, near the base
of the index finger. Then move the left hand
to the left with the upper half of the deck and
assume an open dealing position.

Set the right hand's portion on top of the left

hand's cards, or simply let the packet drop
onto them. This completes the cutting
sequence.

CheckPoint
By taking the deck in open end grip, the right corner of the packet can get caught
right middle finger shouldn't interfere on this finger. To prevent this, concen-
with the leftward swing of the upper trate on lifting the cards simultaneously
half of the deck. Nevertheless, in lifting forward and to the left.
the upper half at the outset, the outer

fuNDAMENTAL TECHNIQ_UES 27
 The Break
A break serves to hold a gap between two or more cards or packets, using one or more
fingers or a portion of the hand. The breaks are classified according to their function and
utility, and are generally held with very specific parts of the hand.

The Littk-ft~er Break

Hold the deck in left-hand elevated dealing
position. With the right thumb, lift about half
the deck slightly at the back end. The pad of
the left little finger should extend over the
upper right edge of the lower half of the
deck

Release the upper portion of the deck, let-

ting it fall back onto the lower packet, but
with the pad of the left little finger caught
between the halves near the inner right cor-
ner on the right side. Lower the deck to
standard dealing position. The left hand is
now holding a break with the little finger.
The deck appears squared. To prevent the
break from showing on the right, the deck
may be held ouliquely, with the right side
lower than the left. The left index, middle
and ring fingers may also be moved so that
they lie together along the right side. The left
little finger is only pressed lightly against the
break, so that the edges of the cards on the
left side and at the front do not jut from the
deck, causing a visible ridge or irregularity.
To help prevent this, the left thumb lies on
top of the deck, applying light but fum pres-
sure. The packets are controlled primarily
by pressure between the inside of the outer
joint of the thumb and the base of the index
finger. Imagine that you have a screw pass-
ing perpendicularly through the deck
between these two pressure points.

28 CARD COLLEGE
 Check Points
1. Note in the illustrations that approxi- 4. When a break is held, it should not be
mately half the outer phalanx of the visible at the front of the deck Unfor-
left little finger extends past the inner tunately, this is often the case with
right corner of the lower packet. This brand new decks, especially with plas-
ensures that the break is hidden, par- tic coated cards. The slickness of the
ticularly when the index, middle and cards causes the packets to separate.
ring fingers lie together along the side To prevent this, hold the deck in a
ofthepack secure but relaxed grip, with the
2. How large should the break be? For the thumb on the deck, as mentioned
sake of clarity, the break has been above, keeping everything in check
exaggerated in the illustrations. Once with a light pressure. Remember the
you have gained confidence with this metaphor of the bird: Hold it tightly
technique, the break will be about an enough to keep it from flying away, but
eighth of an inch wide. Of course, it gently enough not to crush it.
can be somewhat larger or smaller, 5. Practice maintaining a break as fol-
depending on how fleshy the pad of lows: Hold the deck in left-hand
your little finger is. dealing position. Lift off about half the
3. Practice holding a break under the top deck with the right hand, this time
card of the deck, then under the completely separating both packets.
bottom few cards. This situation will Replace the right-hand portion, catch-
present itself as often as the need to ing a break with the pad of the left little
hold a break in the center of the deck. finger. Square the deck while holding
In all cases, it is critical that the top of the break, so that no irregularity of the
the deck remain perfectly flat. Often cards is visible. Lift off the cards above
when a break is held under the top the break and repeat the procedure.
card, its inner right corner is bowed This not only teaches you how to catch
upward. Never be guilty of this, as the a break, but how to cut to it.
resulting "ski~ump" is a tip-off.

Fonni~ a Little-ft~er Break under the

Toy card-Two-handed Method
To take a break under the top or first few cards of the deck, proceed as described above,
with but one change; a most important one: Do not lift the top card with the right thumb;
rather lower the deck with the left hand under cover of the top card. This prevents the top
card from visibly rising and flexing, a fatal and frequently made mistake.

fuNDAN.EN'lf\L TECHNIQUES 29
 Fonnif!_IJ a Little-ftf!.!Jer Brrak under the
Toy card- one-handed Method
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position.
With the muscles of the hand-in particu-
lar the heel of the thumb-bevel the deck
to the right. In the same motion use the
thumb to push the top card to the right a
distance equal to the width of its white bor-
der (about three-sixteenths of an inch). You
will feel the right edge of the card as it slides
over the pads of the middle and ring fingers.

At that moment reverse the beveling motion

by closing the hand somewhat. The thumb
automatically pulls back the top card.
During this, press the pad of the ring finger
lightly against the right edge of the top card,
which separates it from the rest of the deck
for an eighth to a quarter of an inch at the
right side. It is now a simple matter to take
over this break with the pad of the little
finger.

Check Points
1. The beveling action and subsequent 2. Take care that the break is not visible
squaring occur smoothly and without at the front of the deck, and also that
interruption, forming a harmonious the top card remains perfectly flat. As
whole that must feel natural. The noted earlier, a break under the top
motion is barely visible. It can be com- card can often be spotted in the hands
pletely masked by a casual gesture of of even advanced cardmen from a yard
both hands or through a covering or away if the inner right corner is bowed
misdirecting activity of the right hand. up like a ski-jump.

30 CARD COLLEGE
 Formi~ a Little-f!~er Break undtr
Multiyk cards
Let's assume that you need to hold a break
above the bottom three cards of the deck
(see, for example, the effect "The Spectator
Cuts the Aces" on page 51). Spread the deck
between the hands until the bottom few
cards can be counted by sight. Place the
pads of the right ring and little fingers on the
face of the fourth card from the bottom, at
its exposed right side, and pull this card
inward for a quarter to half an inch, so that
it projects from the back of the spread. (As
the converse of an outjog, a card in this
position is said to be injogged.)
Push the cards together in the left hand. The
deck is again in dealing position, but with
the fourth card from the bottom projecting
slightly from the back For the sake of clar-
ity, this situation has been exaggerated in the
illustration. If the card doesn't project
clearly from the back of the deck, use the
wrist to give the deck a light shake against
the left index finger.

Bring the right hand over the deck and take

the cards into end grip, squaring them and
lifting the pack to the left fingertips. In doing
this, place the pad of the right thumb against
the back edge of the ir\jogged card.

fuNDAMEN'Ii\L TECHNIQUES 31
 With a light upward pressure, push this card
flush as the deck is raised to the left finger-
tips. This creates a break that is taken by the
left little finger as soon as the deck reaches
the fingertips. In this position, the cards can
be openly squared and the front of the deck
gently riffled with the tip of the right middle
finger. Lower the deck back into standard
dealing position. The small action necessary
to form the break is masked by the larger
squaring action.

CheckPoint
Carefully study the action of squaring the NOTE: You can use this handling to take
deck at the fingertips while holding a a break at any place in the deck, or when
break. This action can be introduced any- you spread the cards face up and desire
time a little-finger break is being held. a break above or below a selection.

The rhumb Break

The thumb can directly form a break by lifting slightly at the back end of the deck, while
permitting the flesh of the thumb pad to be gently caught between the halves.
In principle, the thumb break is most often used as a transfer technique, in which a break
being held by the left little finger is taken over by the right thumb. This provides more free-
dom of motion and permits an apparently casual handling of the deck
Hold the deck in dealing position in the left
hand, the little finger holding a break near
center. With the right hand, take the deck
into end grip. In so doing, press the pad of
the thumb against the gap between the pack-
ets at the inner end of the deck Remove the
left hand from the deck The right hand now
possesses the deck in end grip with the
thumb holding the break.

Check Points
1. 1/.~t pressure .;trom the curled right covered end grip and turn slightly to
index finger on top of the deck mini- the left, to prevent the gap at the inner
mizes the space between the packets. left side of the deck from being seen.
2. Note that the deck can be held in either 3. Additional cover can be achieved by
op~n or covered end grip. If yqu are beveling the deck to the right, as in the
surrounded by spectators, use the illustration.

32 CARD COLLEGE
 The stey
In many cases the step plays the same role as a break or an ir\iogged card, which is to say
it marks a specific location in the deck. The step can be formed directly from a break and
the deck placed on the table.
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position,
with a little-finger break caught near the cen-
ter. Take the deck into right-hand end grip.
This hand will mask the formation of the
step. Bend in the outer phalanges of the left
middle, ring and little fingers, forcing the
inner right comer of the upper packet to the
left, where it falls on the lower packet. This
collapses the break, after which the left fin-
gers take up their accustomed positions at
the right side of the deck. This configuration
of the deck is termed a step.
The deck is controlled by the right thumb
and middle finger. The heads of the arrows
show the points at which the edges of the
deck are aligned. This is where the thumb
and middle fingers of both hands exert con-
trol over the deck. These two lines are the
only ones along which pressure from the fin-
gers will not destroy the step. The deck can
be set down on a table, spread, even cut into
multiple packets, without disturbing the
step, as long as the deck is handled only at
the alignment points. Starting with a step, a
break can be reestablished at any time.

Check Points
1. The step should not run parallel to the the formation of the step at the front.
edges of the deck, but at a slight angle 3. It is best to cover the formation of the
as shown in the illustration. The angle step with a casual squaring motion, ini-
makes it possible to handle the deck by tiated by the left hand immediately
the ends and sides, as discussed above. after the step is formed. Obvio1.1Sly, the
2. The step can also be formed by the left squaring is only simulated, the fingers
hand alone, as you stand with this hand gently sliding along the edg~s of the
hanging at your side, or as the right upper packet. The deck is lifted to the
hand carries out a misdirecting action. left fingertips as previously described,
But in most cases the right hand holds squared, then replaced in standard
the deck in covered end grip to conceal dealing position.

fuNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES 33
This is a flourish, and like all flourishes, it should be used sparingly and deliberately. I
emphasize this here because the riffle can become a neiVous tick, subconsciously repeated
without realizing that it annoys the spectators. In such circumstances it communicates an
impression of clumsiness. Yet, if introduced judiciously, it can underscore dramatic
moments, providing an artistic highlight.

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position

with the left thumb stretched across the top
near center. Now grasp the deck in right-
hand end grip, pull upward with the right
middle finger to bow the outer end of the
deck up, and allow the cards to riffle off the
pad of the finger. The resulting sound can be
pronounced or soft, depending on how
acutely the cards are bent.

The same effect can be achieved with a

somewhat softer riffling sound by holding
the deck in elevated dealing position. In fact,
it looks more elegant in this position.

TIP: If a card is on the table and you riffle the deck about four inches behind the end of the
card, the resulting gust of air will move the card. This action can be used to dramatize a
moment when a magical event is perceived to happen. You can also employ the riffle prior
to the revelation of a tranforrnation or use it to indicate that a card has invisibly left the
deck and magically entered the card case on the table. Or you can hold the deck up to your
ear and riffle it, claiming that the cards are telling you something. In any case, this adds a
dynamic and audible element to your presentation, making it more interesting.
Riffling can also seiVe to convince spectators that the deck is squared. This is most useful
when, for example, you are holding a break, perhaps with the little ful.ger. Lift the deck to
the fingertips and gently riffle the cards once.

34 CARD COLLEGE
 The Ribbon syread
This teclmique is a flourish too, but from the outset it will be used often to spread the cards
on the table, which is why it is included here as a basic teclmique. You will be astonished
at the incredibly strong impact this gesture with the cards has on laymen. Somehow the
teclmique appears much more difficult than it is. Knowing it has such an impact, use it
sparingly, acknowledging that you are accomplishing something extraordinary.

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position;

then take it into right hand end grip and
place it on the table without releasing the
right fingers' grasp. Move the index finger to
the left side of the deck

Sweep the right hand from left to right, using

the fingertips to guide the deck with a light
but definite pressure, so that the cards
escape singly and each card is exposed. The
thumb and middle finger act as guideposts.
The index finger is progressively extended
during the spread, so that the cards slide
under the pad of this finger and end up in a
controlled arrangement as a ribbon spread
on the table.

Here is a variation: Again hold the deck in

left-hand dealing position. Then take the
deck into the right hand from above by the
sides, as shown in the illustration, and place
it on the table.

fuNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES 35
 Spread the deck in a ribbon from upper right
to lower left. This creates an asynunetrical
picture, which is resthetically pleasing.

Check Points
l. T.Qistechhiqtie is best performed on a slick surface. In such cases it may also
covered surface. On a smooth surface be necessary to apply heavier pressure
roaY
it be necessary for the left thumb with the right l)and.
and nuddle fi.riger to hold the lowest 2. The ribbon spread first described
caids .irl pbsition as the right hand should form a g~htle curve . .'I'his
Spl'~ads the deck If this is not done, more attractive than a straight line
the bottom card will not cling to the from left to right

36 CARD COLLEGE
 CHAPTER 2
SHUFFLE
TECHNIQUES, PART 1
''Whatever you can do, or dream you can, begin it.
Boldness has genius, power and magic in it."
 Overhand shuffling is a basic tool of card cof\iwing. Even if you have been
performing the overhand shuflle since you first learned to play cards, you will
soon recognize that the method described here employs a technique that feels
somewhat different. The grip will probably seem a bit unconventional, and
you may wonder why this retraining is necessary, since your present over-
hand shuflle technique is more than adequate to mix the cards. But if you take
into consideration advanced overhand shuflle techniques, you will realize that
the basic method taught here is a prerequisite for successful execution of all
subsequent overhand shuflle techniques. I hope this brief explanation will
motivate you to abandon your old shuffling habits.

.38 CARD COLLEGE

Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-
ing position, then grasp it in right-hand end
grip with the right thumb and second finger
near the inner and outer right comers. At the
same time, move the left index finger from
the outer end, curling it beneath the deck

Bring the deck to a vertical position with the

right hand, using the left side of the deck as
a pivot point. Actually, the deck is not per-
pendicular to the horizon, but at an angle of
about fifty degrees. It is held lightly between
the right thumb and middle finger. The right
index finger rests on the raised right side of
the slightly beveled pack, the bevel forming
naturally when the cards are held loosely.
The ring and little fingers lie next to the
middle finger. The illustration shows a view
from the front.

The left hand's grip is very important and is

shown here in two views. It is important that
the pad of the index finger rests on the outer
end of the deck The index finger's outer
phalanx will contact the edge of the outer
end of the top card, the exact point of
contact depending on the anatomy of your
hand.

OVERHAND SHUffLE TECHNIQYES. PART 1 39

 The outer phalanx of the little finger extends
for about half its length beyond the lower
inner end of the deck The ring and middle
fingers lie relaxed against the bottom of the
deck The tips of the index, middle, ring and
little fingers contact the upper half of the
pack, at roughly the same level. The thumb
lies along the upper right side of the deck

The right hand now begins the actual

shuffle, lifting the deck as the left thumb
holds back the top few cards, shuffling
them off, to use the technical term. This
action will be called the shu.fjle action in the
following descriptions.

Bring the right hand's cards over the packet

just shuffled off. With the left thumb, pull a
comparable number of cards (about ten) off
the right-hand portion (called the stock) onto
the cards in the left hand as your right hand
lifts the remainder of the deck This proce-
dure is repeated until the right hand's stock
is exhausted, which generally takes five to
seven shuffle actions.

The shuffling off is a combination ofletting cards drop from the right hand and pulling them
off with the left thumb. The drop from the right hand is accomplished by relaxing pres-
sure between the right thumb and middle finger.
A single overhand shuffle of the deck, as just described, will be designated a shu.file in the
following descriptions.

40 CARD COLLEGE
 Clieck Points
1. More likely than not, most readers will some remark and gesture with your
already have mastered a version of the right hand and its cards; then reswne
overhand shuffle before reading the the shuffle. Other strategies can be
above description. This can lead to an derived from the particular circwn-
"all thumbs" feeling; for in analyzing an stances of the trick being performed.
action that is already familiar, often 3. The shuffle actions should not be jerky,
you will find that nothing works any- but harmonious, symmetrical and
more! Probably you can retain most of "round". By "round" I mean that the
your present handling. But pay strict right hand does not move up and down
attention to the positions ofthe left in a straight line, but describes a gentle
index and little fingers. They will pro- arc.
vide the actual control over the cards. 4. In principle, the right hand is the only
These fingers play a decisive role when hand that moves in the overhand
cards project from the outer and inner shuffle-the left hand appears motion-
ends of the deck less to the observer. In fact, the left ·
2. Pay attention to the rhythm of the .hand acts as a "shock absorber", pre-
shuffle. As a general rule, try to make venting brusque motions.
no more than six or seven shuffle 5. Very important: Be generous in your
actions in the course of a shpifle. That movements. Hold both elbows away
is neither too long nor too short, and from your body and keep the deck at
is accepted by the audience as natural. least eight inches from your ch
There are, however, situations in not use your chest as a "safety
which it is necessary to exceed this to catch cards that slip inward
limit. In such cases, the longer shuffle the shuffle. Control the cards
may be justified with some comment with your hands. Always ex
pertinent to the trick; for example: this posture as you practice,
"When I ask some people to shuffle the approaching a more normal posi
cards, tltey are very thorough about it All overhand shuffle techniqu
and shuffle like this. Of course, this take place at roughly the height of
isn't really necessary. You can shuffle solar plexus, whether you're stan
like this just as weU." Another ap- or seated.
proach to disguising an extended 6. Rather than looking at the car
shuffle is to interrupt it as you make shuffle, converse with your a

OVERHAND SHUFFLE TECHNIQUES. PARr 1 41

 Rwmi~ si~k cards
Many tricks require a specific number of cards to be shuffled off one at a time. This will
most often be at the beginning or end of a shuffle. Whatever the case, the situation must
always be llllder your control. You must be able to shuffle off a single card, or several cards,
one after the other. In so doing, the shuffle movements of the right hand and the solllld
produced by the shuffle must conform to the movements and solllld of the normal shuffle.

Using the previously described technique,

shuffle off about half the deck Continue
shuffling without interruption, but use the
left thumb to draw off only a single card. To
accomplish this, the thumb shifts from the
upper edge of the deck to the back of the top
card. A light pressure results in shuffling off
exactly one card. Repeat this procedure
with a few more cards, (an action known as
running the cards). Then shuffle off the rest
of the deck normally.

Check Points
1. Don't use an old deck for this tech- then continue with a normal shuffle,
nique. Worn or dirty cards often stick repeating the single-card fllll with a
together, making it difficult to run few cards in the center of the deck;
single cards with precision. If the cards continue with a normal shuffle, then
do bind, try holding the deck at a finally fllll the last few .cards singly.
steeper angle. This will often over- This is a good practice sequence,
come the difficulty. which will allow the technique to be
Tcy fllllning single cards at the start, mastered quickly.

42 CARD COLLEGE
 control if the roy and Bottom cards
CONTROL OF THE TOP CARD

To control the top card, two shuffles are

needed. Begin the overhand shuffle by run-
ning the top card, then shuffling off the rest
of the deck

Overhand shuffle once again, but run the last

few cards singly, assuring that the bottom
card will be shuffled off by itself, bringing it
to the top again.

CONTROL OF THE BOITOM CARD

Begin the shuffle normally, as previously

described, but in contrast to the usual
procedure, the left middle and ring fingers
press against the face of the bottom card,
thus retaining it in the left hand. This is cov-
ered automatically by the first packet to be
shuffled onto it in the initial shuffling action.

OVERHAND SHUFFLE TECHNIQUES. PART 1 43

 Check Points
1. Normally it does not matter if more that only one card be held back.
than one card is retained by the pres- 2. If difficulties arise, try holding the deck
sure of the left middle and ring fingers. at a steeper angle, as previously ad-
However in some tricks, it is important vised.

controlli~ the 10y stock of_ the Deck-

The I'ifog s~
The purpose of this technique is to retain the position and order of the upper portion of
the deck. This requires two shuffles.

Let's assume that the four Aces are the top

stock; that is, the cards we wish to retain on
top. Begin the overhand shuffle by using the
left thumb to draw off a block of four or
more cards from the top (the exact number
is irrelevant, so long as it includes the
desired cards).

In the next shuffle action, pull off a single

card, so that it protrudes about a quarter of
an inch from the inner end of the shuffled-
off stock. The resulting configuration is
called an injog. The protruding card is an
injogged card and often one speaks of
forming an injog. In this special case, the
ilijog could also be formed by a small packet
of cards.

44 CARD COLLEGE
Shuffle off the rest of the deck The ir\jogged
card projects from the back of the un-
squared deck, and the left little finger acts
as an antenna, sensing and controlling the
injogged card. The following shuffle will
bring the Ace packet back to the top of the
deck:

With the right hand, grasp the deck in prepa-

ration for the second shuffle. In doing so,
press your right thumb against the ir\jogged
card at the inner edge and near the raised
right corner.

With this thumb, push the iiljogged card

slightly to the left and siinultaneously into
the deck This combination of actions re-
sults in a diagonal motion that forms a
thumb break between the Ace packet and
the rest of the deck

Shuffle off to the break and throw the Ace

packet onto the left hand's packet as the
final phase of the shuffle, bringing the Aces
back to the top.

OVERHAND SHUffLE TECHNIQUES. PART 1 45

 Check Points
1. To control the first block of cards break is. This is acceptable initially.
drawn off in a surer manner, place the illtimately, however, an injog of no
pad of the left thumb on the upper more than a quarter of an inch should
right edge of the deck and pull the be formed, with the break normally
block down and away. This is seen being about an eighth of an inch wide.
clearly in the first illustration. 6. You may think at first that the whole
2. In shuffling off the injogged card, the world will see the injogged card. That
right hand's packet moves in exactly will not be the case once you have
the same path as in the previous and truly mastered the technique. To mask
subsequent shuffle actions. In other the injog even better, the card blocks
words, it is not necessary to move the shuffled off onto the jog can be shuf-
packet inward, then outward again to fled inward as well. This results in a
form the injog. The injogged card is somewhat uneven looking deck, but
positioned rearward through an in- the unsquared cards do not interfere
ward action of the left thumb. Perhaps with the process of forming the break.
you will want to move the right hand's 7. In some circumstances you may wish
packet slightly inward; this is accept- to avoid the second shuflle and simply
able at the beginning, if it gives you cut all the cards below the injog
more self-confidence, but decrease the directly to the top with a single cutting
motion as you progress, until it van- action. To do this, proceed as follows:
ishes completely. Bear in mind that in As soon as you finish the injog shuffle,
an ordinary overhand shuflle the right grasp all the cards below the injog
hand consistently follows the same between your thumb, at the inner end,
path. and middle finger, at the outer end. To
3. Now you will understand the impor- do so, bend the right thumb's outer
tance attached to the position of the phalanx in slightly, so that the nail, the
left little finger. It detects the injogged part of the thumb that offers the least
card and facilitates in forming the friction, slides across the face of the
break injogged card. As soon as the cards are
held finnly, lift them and throw them
4. When forming the break under the on top of the left hand's cards. The is
injogged card, note that, in conform- called undercutting the deck at the
ance with the hand's anatomy, the injog. I don't consider this handling su-
thumb moves diagonally to the left. perior to the one originally described;
Push slightly to the left with the left but it is supplied as an acceptable
little flnger to help the right thumb alternative handling.
obtain the break quickly and securely.
8.1nstead of undercutting the deck imme-
The injogged card buckles somewhat
diately after the first shuffle, you may
as it is pushed into the deck, gently
wish to create a time delay by letting
forcing the packets apart. This allows
the deck slide into left-hand dealing
you to form the break with confidence.
position while you make a gesture with
5. As you begin to practice, first make an your right hand Then simply cut all the
exaggerated injog of half an inch, and cards, including the injogged one, to
note how much larger the resulting the table and drop the balance on top.

46 CARD COLLEGE
 controllifl5 the Bottom stvck
The purpose of this teclmique is to retain the order and position of the cards on the bottom
of the deck Once again, two shuffles are required, but the formation of the break at the
ir\jogged card differs somewhat.

Let's assume that the four Aces are to be

retained at the bottom of the deck Begin an
overhand shuffle and shuffle off until you
have just the Aces and a few other cards in
the right hand.
lr\jog a single card using the same teclmique
described in the previous section.

'Throw the right hand's remaining stock on

top of the cards in the left hand.

Now form a break over (not under) the in-

jogged card. To do this, place the right
thumb on the inner end of the il\jogged card
near the raised right corner. In contrast to
the previous teclmique (in which the break
is taken under the il\jogged card), place the
thumb against the edge of the card.

OVERHAND SHUFFLE TECHNIQ..UES. PART 1 47

 With the right thumb, push the card into the
deck In doing so, push outward with the
thumb and simultaneously pull to the right.
This creates a diagonal force toward the
outer right. As the il\jogged card moves flush
with the deck, the right thumb catches a
break above it. Here too the slight buckling
of the il\jogged card facilitates forming the
break between packets.

Immediately begin the second shuffle

sequence. In the first shuffle action the left
thumb pulls off all the cards above the
break. Shuffle off the rest of the deck onto
these, leaving the four Aces in their original
I order on the bottom of the deck

r
This method is well suited for controlling
even a large bottom stock Once it is mas-
tered, the shuffle can be used-as can the
top stock control-to retain the order of
more than half the deck
When it is necessary to retain only a few of the bottom cards, for example the four Aces
or a royal flush, the following technique may be used. It has the advantage of using only a
single shuffle and is similar to the technique for controlling the bottom card.
Begin the overhand shuffle with the pad of
the left ring finger extending beyond the
lower right edge of the deck This allows the
ring finger to hold back a small packet from
the bottom of the deck in the first shuffle
action. The right hand in effect strips out the
center portion of the deck in this initial
action. Depending on the length of your
fingers, the little finger may be repositioned
as shown in the illustration. Finish by shuf-
fling off the rest of the cards. Thus, the
bottom cards of the deck have been retained
there.

48 CARD COLLEGE
 TRICKS WITH THE OVERHAND SHUFFLE
Thought stealer
This is my interpretation of a fine trick from Hugard and Braue's classic treatise, The Royal
Road to Card Magic. 1 It is based on the work of American magician Arthur Finley, who
.,·as the first to experiment with the spelling of mentally selected cards.

Effect
The spectator thinks of a card in the deck The deck is then shuffled and given back to the
spectator. Without anyone revealing the identity of the card, the spectator mentally spells
the name of the card, placing one card on the table for each letter spelled. The last card
dealt is the selected one!

Preparation
For this minor miracle you must remove six cards.from the deck and place them face down
on top in the following order: 'l\vo of Clubs (ten), Six of Spades (eleven), Five of Hearts
(twelve), Seven of Spades (thirteen), Four of Diamonds (fourteen), Queen of Diamonds
(fifteen). The 'l\vo of Clubs is now the top card of the deck The numbers in parentheses
correspond to the number of letters in the name of the card. As you'll have noticed, each
card has one more letter than the card before it. This fact, combined with a few false
shuffles, is the secret of the trick (Later I will reveal how this wonderful effect may be
performed at any time with a borrowed and unarranged deck)

Construction, Managemertt and Script

"I have discovered that several curious telepathic experiments may be conducted with
playing cards. Don't worry, I won't reveal your most intimate thoughts-those wiU
remain our secret. But I would like to try an experiment in divining a neutral thought."
During this introduction, give the deck a false overhand shuffle, retaining the position and
order of the top six cards (Controlling the Top Stock of the Deck-The fi1jog Shuffle, page
44). Follow this with this next shuffle sequence: Pull approximately half the cards from
the top of the deck into the left hand, ii'\jog the next card and shuffle off the rest.
Allow the deck to settle into dealing position. The ii'\jogged card marks the location of the
pre-arranged stock Square the deck at the fingertips and form a break under the ii'\jogged
card with the right thumb (see the Uttle-finger Break Under Multiple Cards technique, page
31); then transfer the break to the left little finger. Hold the deck in dealing position.
"Would you please just think of any card. "Before the spectator can do this, you continue,
''But in the interest of time, simply think ofone of these cards from the center of the deck."
Cut off all the cards above the break and set them aside on the table. Now deal the left
hand's cards one at a time, face up onto the table (Dealing Cards Face Up-Stud Method,
page 26). Deal the cards in a diagonally overlapping row, from outer right to lower left,
exposing both index comers.

OvERHAND SHUFFLE TECHNIQUES. PART 1 49

 First deal four cards, hesitating as though
this were sufficient; then deal another, hesi-
tate and finally deal a sixth card. Replace the
tabled half on top of the left hand's stock Do
not count the cards aloud. It should look as
though the number of cards plays absolutely
no role. The accompanying script could be
something like this: "Think of any one of
these cards; it doesn't nwtter how nwny we
lwve-perlwps another one-it nwkes no
dif.ference-think of any one of these. "

The initial shuffle, the subsequent cutting of the deck and the dealing of cards from the
center give the strong impression that the spectator really could have thought of any card.
In fact, however, the choice is restricted to the six cards you already know and whose pre-
arrangement automatically assures your success.
''I'U tum away, so tlwt I can get no hint from the direction of your gaze ahout which
card you 'U think of" Thrning your head away physically communicates the fact that you
do not wish to influence the spectator's choice. Some readers may think that this state-
ment exposes the principle of watching the gaze to your audience, but you are, in fact,
simply eliminating a method that will normally occur to any intelligent person.
Once the spectator has mentally chosen a card, turn back, gather the cards and place them
face down on top of the deck In doing so, leave the order of the cards unchanged.
You now once more employ the Top Stock Control-fr\iog Shuffle: Begin an overhand
shuffle by pulling off the top half in a block; then run nine cards on top of this, ir\jog the
next card and shuffle off the rest of the deck Form a break under the ir\jogged card and
shuffle off to it, throwing the rest of the deck on top. This places nine cards above the pre-
arranged stock on top of the deck-the Two of Clubs being tenth from the top, and each
of the next five cards corresponding in position to the number of letters in its name.
During the shuffle you explain, "I wiU now try to divine the card in your thoughts. "Look
the spectator in the eyes and ask him or her (this is more entertaining with a spectator of
the opposite sex) to concentrate on the mentally selected card. You then claim, "Of course,
I know the card in your mind, and to prove it to you I wiU place the card you are merely
thinking ofat its ideal position in the deck." By now the shuffling is over. Snap your right
fingers over the deck and exclaim with a finely feigned concentration, "It is done. "
Gaze at the spectator. "Your card is rww at the only position in the deck corresponding
exactly to the number of letters in its name. " This statement will confuse most of the
spectators, so you immediately add, "I'U show you wlwt I mean. " Hand the deck to the
spectator, who is instructed to deal one card face down from the top of the deck for each
letter, spelling the name of the thought-of card. "For instance, if you thought of the Ace of
Diamonds, you would speU a-c-e o-f d-i-a-m-o-n-d-s, with one card for each letter. Don't
forget the of."

so CARD COLLEGE
The card corresponding to the final letter should be retained face down in the spectator's
hand. Be sure that the card is not revealed prematurely, and say to the spectator, ''Now,
or the first time, teU everyone the card you freely tlwught of" Your helper then turns the
card over, and it really is the thought-of card-the pre-arrangement having done the work
or you.
If at first you lack the necessary self-confidence to control the spectator's actions, you can
deal the cards and finally display the chosen card yourself. But it is much more effective if
the spectator does this. If you act with confidence and friendly authority, all but the most
difficult of persons will do as you instruct.

Final Notes
1. I promised you an impromptu method 2. Note how the execution of each sleight
that can be used with a borrowed is obscured by the script. Each shuffle
deck If you have a good memory, you should be performed casually and
need not pre-arrange the cards before without emphasis.
performance. As you deliver the intra-:
3. Since nine cards makes .for a rather
ductory monologue and divide your
long run, you may wish to consider run-
gaze between the cards and the spec-
ning only five cards, then doing another
tator, simply remove the relevant cards
shuffle to run the remaining four cards
(or others that spell with the same
needed. Or simply run five and inter-
number of letters) and place them face
up on the table. You must, however, act rupt the action of the shuffle momen-
as though it doesn't matter which tarily as you make some comment and
cards are used. (This, by the way, was gesture; then resume the shuffle, run-
the method originally suggested by ning the last four cards.
Hugard and Braue.)

The syectator cuts the Aces

There are countless variations of this effect in the literature of magic. The plot was originally
suggested by the American magician Bob Veeser. The method explained here has the
advantage of being very easy. It was first published by the respected American card-master
Larry Jennings. 2

Effect
The spectator cuts a shuffled deck into four roughly equal packets and the top card of each
packet turns out to be an Ace!
The deck is thoroughly shuffled at the outset and the spectator cuts the deck freely.

Preparation
Secretly position the four Aces on top of the deck Naturally, should subsequent tricks
require some other four of a kind, those four cards can be used in place of the Aces.

OVERHAND SHUFFLE TECHNIQUES. PART 1 51

Construction, Management and Script
Give the deck an overhand shuffle, keeping the Aces on top (Controlling the Top Stock of
the Deck-The IrUog Shuffle, page 44). Without pausing, run the top three Aces and throw
the balance of the deck on top of them. Then set the deck face down on the table.

During the shuffles, explain to someone that

you wish the deck cut into four roughly
equal packets. The spectator then does so.
Be sure that the packets are cut from left to
right from your perspective; thus, three Aces
are at the bottom of the left-hand packet
while the fourth Ace is on top of the right-
hand packet.
Pick up the left-hand packet and spread it
briefly between your hands. "You cut four
packets. You could have cut them anywhere,
correct?" Take a left little-finger break over
the bottom three cards as the packet is
squared (Little-finger Break Under Multiple
Cards, page 31). Openly ou1jog the top card
somewhat. Then take the top card from the
tabled pile on your left and place it onto the
ou1jogged card, but jogged a bit to the right.
Repeat this with the top card of the center
pile, then the top card of the pile on the right
(an Ace), forming a four-card spread.
'These are the cards you have cut to. " The
left thumb holds the spread of four cards on
top of the packet as the right hand takes
them in end grip, squaring them up. Look at
the spectator as you say, "Let's take a look
at the first card you cut to." As you say this,
the only other sleight in the trick is executed:
The four cards in the right hand are squared
and placed flush onto the left's packet as the
right hand grasps the entire packet in end
grip. The left thumb immediately pulls the
top card to the left, while the left fingers
simultaneously draw the three cards under
the break to the left as well.

52 CARD COLLEGE
As these cards are drawn away, use the left
side of the packet to flip the top card of the
left hand's four sidewise and face up onto
the three below it. The card is seen to be an
Ace.

With the left thumb, hold the Ace fumly in

place for a moment as the right hand
replaces its packet alongside the other three
on the table. Let the Ace just revealed fall ~~
face up onto this packet. Then slowly turn ~~/?e:?~
the other three Aces over one by one, ~ ~
placing each face up on a tabled packet.
Conclude by congratulating the spectator
for having cut to the Aces without your
assistance!

OVERHAND SHUFFLE TECHNIQUES. PART 1 53

 CHAPTER 3
FALSE CUT TECHNIQUES,
PART 1
"History should rwt burden merrwry, but liberate the mind. "
G. E. Lessing
 False cuts should always be used after a partial or complete false shuffle.
Cutting the deck to conclude the shuffling phase is standard procedure in
both amateur and professional card-play. If you shuffle without cutting the
deck or without having a spectator cut it, the audience will be left with an
uneasy feeling of something left undone. Remember the proverb: "Trust in
God, but cut the cards." 'This chapter examines simple false cut techniques,
most of which begin with the deck in the hands, but end with it on the table.
These are particularly well suited for use after an overhand shuffle.
It is best after a false cut to proceed immediately with the handling, rather
than give the spectators time to think about the cutting procedure. It is also
important in any false cut technique not to draw attention to the cut. If you
need to or want to mention it, do so in passing, but do so without undue
stress-don't "wake sleeping dogs".

56 CARD COLLEGE
 An oyttcal False cut from the HJmd
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position.
Grasp it by the sides in the right hand as in
the illustration (shown from the front) and
raise it to elevated dealing position. Pay par-
ticular attention to the position of the right
index finger. Holding the cards at the finger-
tips, look at the deck

Now look at the audience while you cut the

deck as follows: With the right hand, sweep
the lower portion of the deck back-draw-
ing it inward for about half its length-then
move it to the right and carry it forward,
placing it on the table.

\
It is important that both packets remain squared and that no cards project from the back
of the left hand's packet. Pressure from the thumb and middle finger of each hand keep
the cards square. Drag the tip of the right index finger over the back of the top card of the
deck as the right hand pulls the lower portion back The fingertip first glides inward on
the back of the top card, then moves to the right, tracing an L-shape as the cut is made.
This refinement (suggested by the Canadian magician and puzzle master, Mel Stover) adds
significantly to the deceptiveness of the cut for those spectators watching the deck 3 The
right fingertip finally settles fumly on the back of the lower packet as it moves to the right
and forward.
Return the right hand smoothly to the left hand and take the remaining packet by its sides
near the inner end. Then carry this packet forward and to the right, depositing it squarely
onto the tabled packet. This simple but deceptive cut preserves the entire order of the deck

FALSE CUT TECHNIQUES, PART 1 57

 The False Swi1fi1 cut

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position.

Then grasp it in right-hand end grip and
begin a swing cut (page 27).

Carry out the cutting action, separating the

packets. In this action, rotate the left hand
at the wrist, turning it thumb upward and
bringing its packet to a vertical position. Tap
the left side of the right hand's packet against
the top of the left hand's packet in a squar-
ing action.

Drop the right hand's packet on the table,

then take the left hand's packet in right-hand
end grip and drop it onto the tabled packet.
Let the unsquared status of the deck regis-
ter. Then neatly square the tabled deck with
~I both hands. (Refer ahead to page 107 for the
preferred manner of doing this.) This
extremely deceptive false cut is now com-
pleted and the deck is back in its original
order.

58 CARD COLLEGE
 A stmy~ False cut
Although this false cut is again vecy simple, performed smoothly and with the requisite
self-confidence, it is quite deceptive.

The deck is face down on the table with one

end toward the performer. With your right
hand, cut about half the cards from the top
and table them to the left.

Bring the right hand back to the right and

pick up the original bottom half of the deck
in end grip, placing it in left-hand dealing
position. The cutting procedure is now
interrupted for a moment, under the pretext
of moving something on the table (a pen, an
ashtray, the card case, etc.) aside with the
right hand.

With your right hand, immediately take the

remaining packet from the table and place
it on top of the left hand's cards. This leaves
the deck in its original order.

The same procedure may be easily adapted to a triple cut with three packets. In this case,
you first cut off about two-thirds of the deck and deposit it to the left of the bottom third.
In a continuing action you carcy the top third again to the left and set it down. Return the
right hand to the packet on the right and place it into the left hand. Interrupt the cut
momentarily as you adjust something with the right hand. Then complete the cut by placing
the right-hand tabled packet onto that in your left hand, followed by the remaining tabled
packet.

FAlSE CtrrTECHNIQ_UES, PART 1 59

 A Triyk False Cut
In this technique-similar to one described by Conradi-Horster in 1896 4-the deck is cut
into thirds. Although this is not in conformance with professional card-table procedure, it
is extremely convincing. What more could you ask?

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position,

use your right hand to cut off the top third
and table the packet at Position A Cut off
the next third and place it at Position B.
c Finally take the remaining third from the
left hand and table it at Position C.

Take Packet A into right-hand end grip and

place it onto Packet B, then place both onto
Packet C. Place the deck into left-hand deal-
ing position and square it with both hands.

To change the dynamic of the procedure, you can use your right hand to slide Packet A
over the edge of the table and into the waiting left hand. Inrmediately secure Packet A in
right-hand end grip, remove it from the left hand and place it onto Packet B. Slide these
combined packets back off the table and into the left hand, then set them onto Packet C
and slide the entire deck back and into the left hand.
lf you carry out the cutting and replacement of the cards smoothly and without hesitation,
the sequence is surprisingly convincing and the validity of the cut will never be questioned.

60 CARD COLLEGE
 The sliy cut from Dealt~ Position
Thls teclmique doesn't maintain the order of the deck Instead, it enables you to cut the
deck from your hand to the table while keeping the top card on top.
Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-
ing position, with the left thumb lying
naturally on top of the deck near the outer
left corner. Bring the right hand over the
deck to assume end-grip position. Begin the
cut by lifting the top half of the deck roughly
an eighth of an inch at the inner end with the
right thumb. Then, with the right hand, cut
these cards to the table in a continuous
motion. However, with the left thumb, exert X
light but steady pressure with the inside of
the outer phalanx on the top card, holding
it back
Thls card should fall imperceptibly flush with the lower half of the deck Bring the right
hand back to the left hand, take the rest of the deck in end grip and drop it onto the tabled
half. The deck has apparently been given one complete cut.

Check Points
1. When this sleight is executed, the most you perform the sli~ut action, draw-
common error seen is the position of ing their gaze up and away from the
the thumb, which should not lie across deck and your hands at the moment
the width of the cards, but at its natu- the sleight is executed. Then look
ral position at the outer left corner, as down at the packet remaining in your
shown in the illustration. left hand, refocusing attention on the
cards, as you complete the cut.
2. You need only press lightly against the
top card with the inside of the outer 5. The slip cut is also frequently used to
phalanx of the thumb. The card will be lose or reposition the top card of the
held back almost automatically. deck while otherwise retaining the
order of the cards. To do this, make the
3. The slip cut can be facilitated by turn-
slip-cut action as taught above, but
ing the left hand slightly clockwise at
instead of placing the right hand's
the wrist and tilting the outer end of
portion on the table, complete the cut
the deck up just enough to conceal the
by replacing it on top of the left hand's
top card from the audience's view at
cards. For this handling, you should tilt
the moment that card is slipped onto
the outer end of the deck down a bit,
the lower packet. Warning: Thls twist
fully exposing the back of the top card
must be imperceptible!
and obscuring the front end of the
4. Look up at the spectators just before deck as the cut is executed.

FAISE Cur TECHNIQUES, PART 1 61

 1RICKS WITH FALSE CUTS

Hat Trick
Effect
A spectator shuffles the deck The magician then places three prediction cards face up on
the table and cuts the deck three times-cutting to the only three cards that match the
prediction cards in both color and value.

Construction, Management and Script

The spectator shuffles the deck and returns it to you. Ribbon spread the cards face up on
the table, so that you can see every card.
While spreading the deck, note the top card
(for example, the Eight of Diamonds) out of
the corner of your eye . The spectators
should not be aware that you have done this.
Remove the mate of the top card (the Eight
of Hearts) from the spread and place it on
the table, face up and to the left. Repeat this
with the mates of the second and third cards
from the top (say the TWo of Clubs and Five
of Hearts).
Gather the spread and hold the deck face down in left-hand dealing position. Execute the
optical false cut from the hand (page 56), then replace the deck in left-hand dealing position
and deal the top card face down onto the Eight of Hearts: "You shuffled the deck. Now I'm
going to cut it r-andomly and place the card cut to down here. "
Next, execute the false swing cut (page 58). Replace the deck in left-hand dealing posi-
tion and deal the top card face down onto the second card (the TWo of Spades).
Finally give the deck a third cut, this time using the triple false cut (page 60). Deal the top
card onto the third face-up tabled card (the Five of Diamonds).
You have apparently cut the deck three
times and placed each card cut to on one of
the prediction cards. Summarize: "Firs t I
removed three cards from the deck that you
had tlwroughly shujjled. Then I cut th.e deck
several times. The cards I randomly cut tiJ
were set aside. These cards could be any
three cards from the deck. " To emphasize
this, ribbon spread the deck face up.

62 CARD COLLEGE
"Each card has a mate in the deck, a card
having the same color and value." Thrn the
three face-down cards face up one at a time,
placing them so that they overlap the corre-
sponding prediction card as shown in the
2
[t •
... 4-
., ~·
,~ ..•
illustration. ''I am happy to report that in
some magical and mysterious way, I have
m anaged to cut to the three mates. " This
~
y "*'z A
•Ag +
...?_

concludes a simple but vecy effective trick

court card conclave

This methodologically simple, but astonishing and extremely deceptive trick is the creation
of the American magician, Nick Trost, who constantly surprises his colleagues with direct
effects using simple methods. 5

Effect
The deck is again shuffled by a spectator. The performer removes the twelve court cards
and displays their random order, after which he cuts them into the deck They are then
caused to rise magically to the top in matching pairs.

Construction, Managernent and Script

Take the shuffled deck from the spectator and spread it with the faces toward yourself.
Cut the deck at the first court card you come to, bringing that card (for example, the Jack
of Spades) to the back of the face-up deck Remove the other eleven court cards from the
deck and place them face up in a packet on the table.
No one will notice that only eleven court cards are removed. You don't mention the number
of cards, referring to them only as the court cards. In any case, there are vecy few spectators
who know that the deck contains twelve court cards.
Table the deck face down and pick up the court cards, which you spread face up between
your hands without letting the spectators see the faces: "I'm going to rearrange the order
of the cards, so that no two of the same value or color lie together."
As you say this, bring the mate of the top
card of the deck (the Jack of Clubs, in our
case) to the back of the packet. Arrange the
rest of the cards in pairs of the same value
and color, but make sure that no two cards
of adjacent pairs match in color or value.
The illustration shows one possible arrange-
ment.

PAISE CUTTECHNIQblES, PART 1 63

 Turn the packet face down and hold it in left-
hand dealing position. You will now display
the cards in pairs, showing that none match
in either value or color: Grasp the top two
cards in the right hand without altering their
order, and show them to the audience. Then
place them face down under the packet.
Repeat this procedure five times, showing a
total of six pairs. You alone know that the
Jack of Clubs has been shown twice.
Running face down from the top, the cards are now in mated pairs with the lone Jack of
Clubs at the face of the packet. Place the packet onto the deck This secretly unites the
Jack of Clubs and the Jack of Spades, forming the final pair. Now begin to build up the
effect, using a smoke-screen tactic. You explain, ''I wiU cut the deck, shake it and turn it
over once. This brings the court cardsfrom their original depths and causes them to chase
chaoticaUy after one another. Now, according to the law of calculatory reciprocal
alhuminosity, which I invented, they wiU ultimately come to the top. And not just to the
top, but arranged in matching pairs!" As you speak, give the deck a false cut, such as
the optical false cut from the hand (page 56). Then take the deck face down into left-hand
dealing position and shake it. Finally, place your left thumb under deck and flip it sidewise
and face up in the left hand. Repeat this to bring the deck once more face down. Naturally
the entire explanation is delivered in your most serious manner.
Prove your theory by turning the top two cards of the deck over as a pair and dropping
them face up on the table. Repeat this with each of the remaining five pairs, which indeed
are pairs of court card mates.

CARD COLLEGE
 CHAPTER4

CARD CONTROLS
"Not everyone can be a star, but all can strive to do their best and
constantly improve."
Henk Vermeyden
 Card controls are those techniques that secretly place one or more cards at
a specific location in the deck Most often a card is controlled to the top or
bottom of the deck, but we will also encounter situations in which a card must
be controlled to, say, fifth from the top. This chapter describes several direct
techniques for accomplishing this. Additional methods will be described in
forthcoming chapters of this course, in the context of the techniques under
discussion there (for instance, the Hindu shuffle [Chapter 11] and the pass
[Chapter 19, Volume 2]).

66 CARD COLLEGE
 The overhand s~ control
You can do this control inunediately, using the overhand shuffle teclmiques you have
learned in Chapter 2. Since all the underlying steps have already been taught, the following
is a concise description without illustrations.
The spectator removes a card from the deck and remembers it. Begin to give the deck an
overhand shuffle, shuffling off about half the cards. Then extend the left hand with its half
of the deck toward the spectator, with the request that the chosen card be replaced on top
of the shuffled cards.
This done, continue the shuffle by running three cards onto the chosen card, ir\jog the next
card and shuffle off the rest of the deck Direct your gaze at the deck as you run the first
two cards, then look up at the audience. The spectators will see that the first few cards
are fairly shuffled, upon which they will relax their attention on the shuffle.
Form a break under the ir\jog, shuffle off to the break and throw the balance of the deck
on top. You have just brought the spectator's card to fourth from the top.
''I hope your card was rwt accidentally shuffled to the top or bottom of the deck," you
remark, as you display the top three cards, replace them, then turn the deck face up and
display the bottom cards. Turn the deck face down and begin another shuffle sequence,
running off the top four cards, ir\jogging the next and shuffling off the rest of the deck Form
a break under the ir\jog, shuffle off all the cards above the break and throw the final four
cards on top. The spectator's card is now on top of the deck

Check Points
1. Make a point of not looking at the deck from the top, say seventh. To accom- ·
as you shuffle, looking instead at the plish this, simply run six cards onto
spectators, with whom you are speak- the selection instead of three, then
ing. The shuffle should be regarded as injog the next. The second shuffle
a mere "formality'' and is given no spe- brings the card directly to seventh
cial emphasis. position from the top.
2. To maintain consistency in the manner 4. Once you have gained mastecy of the
the card is selected and then returned injog shuffle you may wish to try
to the deck, you may wish to have the injogging the first card you run. In
card chosen by starting an overhand doing this you can bring the selection
shuffle and asking a spectator to call directly to the top with the second
stop. When he does so, hand him the shuffle. This, however, requires a
top card of the left hand's packet small ir\jog, a vecy smooth handling of
3. It is sometimes necessacy to position the shuffle and good control of the
the selection at a specific number audience's attention.

CARD CONTROLS 67
 The "W1woys!" control
This is surely the easiest control in the chapter. It is based on an idea of American dealer
and innovator U. F. Grant 6 It is quite bold, but when properly executed there will be no
suspicion that you are controlling a card.
The bottom card of the face-down deck is
secretly reversed there, face up. This is
accomplished between tricks, or through
one of the reversal techniques discussed in
Chapter 24 (Volume 2). Dribble the cards
into your left hand (page 24) and have a
spectator choose one by calling stop during
the dribble. As the spectators note the
chosen card, replace the rest of the deck
onto the dribbled portion and square the
cards. Next swing cut the upper half of the
deck into the left hand, have the spectator's
card placed on top of this packet and drop
the right hand's cards on top.
This places the reversed card over the selec-
tion. Overhand shuffle, keeping the center
cards together. (This is easy. Simply drop
about a quarter of the pack in a block as you
near the center section.) Then spread the
cards between your hands, saying, "Your
card is somewhere in the shuffled deck. "
Suddenly the reversed card comes into view.
''Whoops! I must have turned a card over
during the shuffle. I hope that isn't yours?"
Whatever the spectator's response, divide
the spread, so that the face-up card is on top
of the left hand's portion, and hold the card
in place with your left thumb.

Thm your right hand palm down as you push

the face-up card slightly to the right with the
left thumb. Then, with your right thumb,
take the face-up card under the right hand's
face-up packet.

68 CARD COLLEGE
 your right hand palm up again, place its
under the left hand's cards and square
deck. The chosen card is now on top.

Gheck Points
1. This control requires more acting abil- an accidentally reversed card. This
ity than digital dexterity. Actually react attitude makes this technique con-
as though you had accidentally turned vincing.
over a card during .the shuftle, some- 3. You could also have turned the left
thingthat surely has happened to you hand palm down; pushing the reversed
on occasion. card onto the right packet with the left
2. The method just described embodies thumb. If doing so, it is a simple mat-
the handling you would actually use to ter to push the card under the reversed
turn over a card reversed in the pack card on the left packet over slightly,
Give no thought to controlling a card; obtaining a glimpse of the index of the
just concentrate on straightening out chosen card.

The Diagonal Insertion

The card is apparently inserted into the front end of the deck and the cards are squared.
Actually, the card is inserted at a slight angle and projects a fraction of an inch at the inner
right corner, allowing you to take a break above or below it with the left little finger.

Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-

ing position. With your right hand, take back
the chosen card and push it about halfway
into the outer end of the deck. Then place
the right hand over the deck and card as
shown in the illustration, with the intention
of pushing the card flush with the deck. At
this point use the left thumb to adjust the
deck to elevated dealing position, so that it
is held at the fingertips by the left thumb and
middle finger, with the bent left index finger
giving support from below.

CARD CONTROLS 69
 The right thumb and middle finger form
line of pressure. The right index finger lies
on top of the deck, and the tip of the left
thumb extends just beyond the outer left
comer. With a single thrust, push the card
into the deck with the middle finger. Al-
though it appears to go straight in, thE'
skewed pressure between the right thumb
and middle finger press the left edge of tht>
card against the left thumb, causing the card
to enter the deck at a slight angle.

Press the card all the way into the deck

Because only the left thumb and middlE'
finger hold the deck, the right edge of thE'
card can project unhindered from the righi
side of the deck. The left ring and littlE'
fingers move almost imperceptibly to the
right to make way for the card, as shown in
this illustrated view from below.

Inunediately slide the left thumb over tht>

outer left comer of the deck, then along tht>
left side to the inner left comer and back
again. The left middle, ring and little fingers
slide along the lower right edge of the deck
without disturbing the projecting card
Guide the deck with the right hand, which
now holds the cards in end grip. You have
apparently squared the deck.

Place the pads of the left middle, ring and

little fingers on the right edge of the card and
press it lightly down and into the deck. Then
press the left little-finger pad into the break
formed above the card. Square the deck at
the fingertips and lower it to dealing posi-
tion. The left little finger holds a break above
the selected card. From this position yo
can apply one of the methods in this chatr
ter to control the card to the top or bottom
of the deck. For example, see the post-peek
overhand shuffle control on page 74.

70 CARD COLLEGE
 ,-ariation: You can have the card chosen
fro m a fan and replaced in it. (Instructions
on makiDg a fan are given in Chapter 12,
ge 179.) If the spectator inserts it too
orcefully, pull it out again, so that it projects
or about half its length from the fan. ''Did
yo u show the card to the others? Please
remember i t!" Briefly expose the faces of
e fan and card to the spectators, then close
e fan with the card still projecting from the
front and continue as described above.

Check Points
1. The spectator can insert the card into position. The bent left index finger
the deck Riffle the front of the deck supports the deck
from bottom to top to allow the spec- 5. Here is an additional subtlety: When the
tator to do so. Pressure from the left card has been inserted diagonally into
thumb on top of the deck prevents the the deck you are controlling the cards
card from going more than halfway in. solely through the pressure of the left
Proceed as before with the diagonal thumb and middle finger. As soon as
insertion. the card is fully inserted, riffle your
2. The outer left comer of the inserted right thumb lightly up the inner end of
card must not project from the left side the deck This does not disturb the
of the deck The left thumb, strategi- position of the angled card. You can
cally placed exactly as described, now transfer control of the deck to
prevents this. your right thumb and middle finger,
then use the left thumb to riffle lightly
3. Once the card projects halfway from
down the side of the deck near its
the squared deck, a single thrust com-
outer left corner. Only after this second
pletes the insertion.
riffle do you form the break, square the
4. The insertion and the formation of the deck at the fingertips and eventually
break take place in elevated dealing lower it into dealing position.

CARD CONTROLS 71
 The Peek control
Hold the deck face down in left-hand dealing position. The outer right comer should be
slightly beveled, as is always the case when the deck is held in dealing position. Here, the
mild bevel aids in the forthcoming riffle of the cards, which should be smooth and neat

Take the deck into right-hand end grip and

move it outward to the right, so that you can
grasp it vertically by the inner left comer, left
thumb on top, left index and middle fingers
on the bottom. Riffle the outer right comer
of the pack from face to back with the right
middle finger and stop near the center of the
deck ''I'm going to riffle through the cards
like this and as I do I'd like you to call 'stop'
at any time and note the card at that point. '

Having explained this, riffle through the rest

of the cards. Then once again take the deck
into right-hand end grip and dribble the
cards into the left hand: "Your card will then
be somewhere in the center of the deck.
During this explanation, you have held the
cards clearly and deliberately at the finger-
tips. The fairness of the explanation bears
directly on the procedure that follows (a
shrewd psychological touch suggested by
Cy Endfield 7 ).

Square the deck and hold it face down in

left-hand dealing position. With your left
thumb, press the outer left comer against
the base of the left index finger. Imagine a
screw passing through the deck at this point
The other fingers lie close together along the
right side of the deck About half of the outer
joint of the left little finger extends beyond
the inner end of the deck

72 CARD COLLEGE
Raise the left hand and deck again to aver-
tical position and riffle the outer right comer
with the right middle finger until the spec-
tator tells you to stop. As you do this, tum
your head away to avoid seeing the cards.
The spectator notes the identity of the face
card of the upper packet. To make this
/-:;y
)
easier, you may need to open the deck a bit
more. The illustration shows this from the
spectator's viewpoint.
I
The cards are gripped by only the left thumb
and the base of the index finger, causing the
entire right side to open. You now press the
outer joint of the left little finger more firmly
against the right side of the deck Note how
this causes the pad of the left little finger to
be squeezed over the top right edge of the
lower packet.
Once the spectator acknowledges having
noted the card, release the upper packet
from the right middle finger. This almost
automatically clamps the pad of the left little
finger between the packets. If you want to
take a break above the chosen card, let it
riffle off the right middle finger before press-
ing the left little finger against the side of the
deck and releasing the rest of the cards. With
the left fingers close together and the little
finger projecting slightly past the inner end
of the deck, the break is concealed from all
sides. Square the deck at the fingertips and
face the spectators.
A variation: The spectator can open the deck
to sight a card. In fact, this is how the peek
was originally handled. Hold the deck as
described above, clamped between the
thumb and index finger. Show the spectator
how to use his or her left thumb to open the
deck at the outer left comer (spectator's
perspective, as seen in the illustration) and
note the card there. When your helper does
so, press the deck lightly but securely
against the spectator's thumb. This permits
you to take a break with the pad of the left
little finger when the spectator lets go.

CARD CONTROlS 73
Whichever of these two handlings you use, you can now control the card to the top or
bottom of the deck using the overhand shuffle method described next.

Check Points
1. This control uses an unconventional exposition has led to a false assump-
method for having a spectator note a tion? When reviewing the procedure a
card. But unconventional need not second or third time during subse-
mean suspicious. To justify the proce- quent phases, you may now refer
dure you could say, "Don't take the consistently to the "thought-of card"
card out ofthe deck and replace it; just without risking an intellectual con-
remember a card that you see." Or frontation.
''Don't remove a card, just think ofone 2. You can use the right index finger in
that you see. " Indeed, the technique place of the middle finger to do the rif-
lends itself well to presentations sug- fling. 'This produces a different picture
gesting that the spectator merely and is largely a question of taste.
thought of a card. Don't overempha-
size this, however. Doing so could 3. The whole secret of the successful
cause a scrupulous observer to men- execution of the peek technique is in
tion that the card was not thought of, the pressure of the left thumb against
but looked at. Choose your words with the base of the index finger. Keep in
care; for example: "You are the only mind the analogy to the screw.
one who has seen the card. Please pic- 4. Don't forget to turn you head away as
ture it clearly in your mind. At this soon as you begin to riffle the cards.
point, 011ly a mind rea11er could know And only turn your gaze back to the
which card you are thinking of" See spectator after the deck has been
how subtly and elegantly a proper squared at the fingertips.

The Post-yeek overhand sn+ control

'This method, suggested by Dai Vernon, 8 can
be used not only to control a card peeked
at by a spectator, but any card under which
a break is held, such as after a diagonal
insertion. It is an extremely versatile
technique that will prove useful to you in
many situations.
Hold a left little-finger break under the card
to be controlled. With your right hand, grasp
the deck in preparation to at:ljust it to over-
hand shuffle position. The right thumb and
middle finger are at the ends near the right
side, and the thumb takes over the break
from the left little finger.

74 CARD COLLEGE
While the right hand momentarily controls
the cards, move your left hand to overhand
shuffie position at the left side of the deck
Pivot the right hand slightly clockwise, pre-
paring to grasp the deck in overhand shuffie
position.

While the right hand holds the deck very

lightly by the ends, bring the cards to aver-
tical position. They are now in standard
overhand shuffie position. Throughout this
procedure the right thumb has maintained
the break. Immediately place the outer pha-
lanx of the left thumb on the raised right side
of the deck and pull off all the cards above
the break in the first shuffie action. Shuffie
off the rest of the deck onto the left hand's
stock The card is now at the bottom of the
deck You can leave it there or bring it to the
top with a second shuffie.

Check Points
1. The tricky part of this technique is in deck very lightly. This allows the deck
the third phase, when the deck is being to pivot without the thumb losing its
brought from a horizontal to a vertical break
position This will onlyworkifthe right 2. Begin the shuffie as soon as the deck
thumb and middle finger handle the is in overhand shuffie position.

A Peek control for Two cards

In principle, the number of cards noted and controlled by consecutive peeks is limited only
by the number of fingers lying along the right side of the deck, since each can hold a break.
For practical pruposes this kind of control is limited to three cards. Here is a simple method
for controlling two peeked cards, invented by the remarkable American card master
Edward Marlo. 9
Hold the deck in left-hand peek position. Riffle the outer right comer of the deck and ask
a spectator to call stop. Riffle slowly to ensure that a card is selected from the lower half
of the deck As soon as the spectator has noted the card, release it, taking a left little-finger
break over it, and riffle off the rest of the cards. You now hold a little-finger break above
the first spectator's selection.

CARD CONTROLS 75
Repeat the selection process by having a second spectator call stop. This time you riffle
more rapidly, so that a card in the upper half of the deck is chosen. Use the pad of the left
ring finger to take a break under the second spectator's selection.
Square the deck at the fingertips and allow several seconds to pass, perhaps using this time
to make appropriate comments relating to the effect at hand. Then, with your right hand,
cut off all the cards above the top break and drop this packet onto the table. Next cut off
all the cards above the second break and drop this packet onto the first. Finally place the
remaining cards from the left hand on top of the tabled cards. This automatically brings
the second selection to the bottom of the deck and the first to the top. A simple,
economical-but very effective-two-card control.

CheckPoint
You can alSo control both cards to the cardontothelowerpacket(seepage61).
top. To do this, take both breaks above Place the second packet onto the first.
the selections. Cut off and table the cards Finally drop the third packet onto the
above the top break, then cut to the sec- tabled cards-both cards are now on
ond break, using a slip cut to pull the top top of the deck.

The Multiy~ Peek control

With this peek technique (inspired by a concept exploited by Dai Vernon, the Canadian-
American genius of magic 10 ) you can theoretically control any number of cards. For
practical purposes, you should limit yourself to no more than a half dozen. The method is
ideal for controlling two or three cards. As the hand positions have already been described,
the explanation needs no illustrations.
Have the first card peeked at and take a break above it. Bring the deck into overhand shuffie
position and shuffle off to the break, throwing the balance on top. The first card is now on
top of the deck
Turn to a second spectator and again have a card peeked at. Take a break above it and
once more bring the deck into overhand shuffle position. Without hesitating, with your left
thumb pull off all the cards above the break as the initial action of the shuffle. Run the next
card-the second spectator's card, then ir\jog the following card and shuffle off the rest
of the deck Form a break under the irijogged card and shuffle off to the break, throwing
the rest of the deck on top. The second selection is now on top of the deck, directly above
the first selection.
Repeat this procedure for each subsequent selection. This will bring all the selected cards
to the top, in reverse order. If you require the selections to be in the order they were selected
you can accomplish this in two brief shuffles. Let's assume three cards have been chosen,
and that they now rest in three-two-one order on top of the deck Run three cards, ir\jog
the fourth and shuffle off. Obtain a break under the irijog, shuffle off to the break and throw
the last three cards on top. The selections are now in one-two-three order.

76 CARD COLLEGE
 Check Points
1. In this method, a shuflle follows each 2. If this control is being executed in a
selection. Make the best of this situ- parlor setting, use spectators seated
ation by using the shuffle time to far apart. Then shuflle as you proceed
advance the plot with presentational from one spectator to the next.
patter.

The one-card Middle Pass

Although we will not discuss the pass until Chapter 19 (in Volum,e 2), I would neverthe-
less like to discuss this exceptional pass here. It is my handling of Ken Krenzel's one-card
middle pass, 11 and I think it one of the vecy best techniques for bringing a card undetected
to the bottom of the deck
Have a card chosen by dribbling the deck
into the left hand and stopping where the
spectator requests. This person takes the
top card of the left hand's packet and looks
at it. As this is being done, add the balance
of the cards to the deck and square it. Next
dribble about half of the cards into the left
hand and have the selection replaced while
you hold the outer end of the right hand's
packet slightly lowered. Begin to dribble
these cards onto the left hand's packet.
Thanks to the angling of right hand's packet,
the first few cards that fall onto the selection
will be slightly ir\jogged. After these initial
cards have dropped, smoothly return the
right hand's packet to a horizontal position
as you continue to dribble all the cards into
the left hand.

Square the deck at the fingertips, taking a

break with the right thumb under the
ir\jogged cards. As the deck is lowered into
standard dealing position in the left hand,
transfer the break to the left little finger.

CARD CONTROLS 77
 Briefly review what has happened: "Your
card is somewhere here in the deck." With
these words you casually dribble the cards
back into the left hand in the following man-
ner: Take the deck into right-hand end grip.
As soon as the left fingers are masked, insert
the outer phalanges of the little, ring and
middle fingers into the break The fleshy
pads of the fingers contact the back of the
chosen card lightly along its right side.

With your right hand, lift the deck about one

inch, intending to dribble the cards into the
left hand. This will automatically draw the
chosen card partially out of the deck on the
right side. Do not move the left fingers-
their light pressure and the action of the
right hand suffice to bring the card into the
required position.

With the right hand, lift the deck farther still,

until the chosen card is free of it At that very
moment-and not a fraction of a second
earlier or later-dribble the right hand's
cards into the left hand and onto the chosen
card. With the proper timing, the release of
the chosen card coincides with the dribble
and cannot be detected from virtually any
angle. Square the deck and set it on the table.

78 CARD COLLEGE
 Check Points
1. The removal of the card is better 2. It is critical that the extraction of the
concealed from the front if the left selection blend optically with the drib-
hand pivots the extracted card about bling of the deck. This is what makes
twenty degrees clockwise. This is the pass invisible from practically
precisely shown in the next to last evezy angle. As in most passes, the view
illustration. from the right is the most vulnerable.

other contro~
Other controls of one or more cards are described elsewhere in the course. They are
mentioned here as a reference, once you have completed the course.
Transfer Cuts (Chapter 6): Once a break is taken above or below a card, it can be con-
trolled with a double or triple cut. But always follow this procedure with a false shuffle
that brings the card to the top or bottom, or leaves it where it is. A cut by itself is a bit
too obvious.
The Key Card (Chapter 10): This places a whole chapter full of control methods at your
disposal.
The Hindu Shuffle (Chapter 11): This can be used to control one or more cards.
The Spread Cull (Chapter 13): This is the ideal method for controlling a card that has been
located in a face-up spread by means of a key card to the top of the deck But you can
also use it to bring a card above or below a break to the bottom of the deck as the cards
are spread face down.
The Pass (Chapter 19, Volume 2): This is probably the most direct method for bringing a
card to a desired position in the deck without visible motion.
The Crimp (Chapter 22, Volume 2): The crimped card acts as a key card (see above). You
need only find the position of the crimpec'. card to proceed with a control (for exan1ple,
an overhand shuffle or a pass).

CARD CONTROLS 79
 TRICKS WITH CARD CONTROLS

The shamus card

Effect
A card freely chosen by a spectator is found in the deck at a position determined by a
"shamus card". The obvious fact that the shamus card is randomly arrived at and could
have been any card makes this trick all the more unexplainable.

Construction, Management and Script

Allow a spectator to choose any card, show it to the rest of the audience and replace it in
the deck Bring it to the top using the overhand shuffle control.
"Your card is now somewhere in the deck. Of course, 'somewhere' means that it is in a
particular location, but one determined entirely by chance. In other words, it is lost. So
I wiU need a 'shamus card' to track down your card and teU me exactly where in the
deck it is. "As you say this, give the deck an overhand shuffle, pulling off about half the
deck into the left hand, running eleven cards, ir\iogging the next, then shuffling off. Form
a break under the ir\iog, then shuffle off to the break and throw the balance of the deck on
top. This positions the spectator's card twelfth from the top.
Ribbon spread the deck on the table from left to right. Ask a spectator to choose any card
as the "shamus card". When this has been done, push the ribbon spread together and place
the squared deck face down on the table. The spectator is now asked to reveal the shamus
card to everyone. ''Aha! You hired a particularly talented gu?nShoe, "you exclaim. 'This
feUow wiU lead us directly to our missing card." No matter what card is chosen, by using
its name you can always arrive at the twelfth card, dealing one card from the top of the
deck for each letter spelled. For example, "Four of Clubs" spells with eleven letters-as
do the "Ten of Spades" and "Jack of Hearts" -after which you turn over the next card.
"Nine of Hearts" spells with twelve, so you turn over the last card of the spell. With some
names, like the "Eight of Hearts", you have thirteen letters-too many. So you drop "of"
from the name in this manner: "Our shamus is a heart: H-E-A-R-T-S; and he's an eight:
E-I-G-H-T" In this way, you deal eleven cards and turn up the twelfth.
There are only eight cards in the pack whose names can't be made to spell with eleven or
twelve cards as explained. Those cards are the Ace, 'IWo, Six and Ten of Clubs, which all
spell with ten letters; and the Three, Seven, Eight and Queen of Diamonds, which, if you
drop the "of", spell with thirteen. In these eight cases we use not only the shamus's name,
but the shamus himself. That is, you drop the shamus card on top of the deck and use this
card as the first letter of your spell. Doing so places the selection thirteenth from the top.
Since all four of the noted diamond cards spell with thirteen letters, the selection appears
on the last card of the spell. For the four noted club cards, add "the" to their names ("The
Six of Clubs"), bringing the letter count up to thirteen, and again turn up the last card. With
practice, you will soon be able to spell using any card turned up, without the least hesitation.

80 CARD COLLEGE
 FinnlNotes
1. Should the spectator choose the diamond-cards that spell with thirteen
twelfth card from the top as the sha- letters, then you must spell "D-I-A-
mus card, you have been granted a M-0-N-D" (no "S"). Simply spell its
minor miracle and should make the name, using the shamus card as the
mostofit. first letter, ahd turn over the next card
2. If the spectator chooses one of the top And if the shamus is one of the four
eleven cards of the deck, place the clubs with ten-letter names, don't add
shamus card face do"Wn on top and use the card to the deck; instead, spell its
it as the first card of the spell. Should name with ten letters and turn up the
the card happen to be one of the four next card.

The QRestion Is • ••
This trick by Karren Fox12 is short and to the point. But if you perform it you will see that
it often makes a stronger impression on spectators than many more extended routines.

Effect
Someone notes a card, which is then shuffled into the deck The performer forms the cards
into the shape of a question mark -upon which the point of the question mark turns out
to be the previously selected card!

Construction, Marwgement and Script

Have a spectator choose and note a card, which you then control to the top. False shuffle
and false cut the deck, keeping the selection on top.

''Naturally, the question rww is which card

is yours, and where in the deck is it? This
can be represented symbolically by a ques-
tion mark. "Ribbon spread the deck on the
table in the form of a question mark, using
the top card (the selection) as the point:
''And that's the point. Without the point,
there would be no question mark, and this
question would be answered!" As you say
this, turn over the point card to reveal the
selection.

CARD CON1ROI.S 81
 CHAPTERS
foRCE TECHNIQUES,
PART 1
''It takes a lot of work to make something simple."
Anonymous
 In this chapter I will share with you various force techniques. The French verb
forcer basically means ''to influence", and in German and English one actually
often speaks of a "forced choice". Force techniques in card magic are
procedures that lead a spectator to choose a particular card. The truly
masterful methods require technical skill, sensitivity for the complex lines
of communication between performer and spectator, and finally a good
understanding of psychology. We will examine such techniques in Chapter
15. But in this chapter we will begin our studies with several simple and
certain methods that always succeed.

84 CARD COLLEGE
 The Crisscross Force
This force has, over the past sixty years, gained immense popularity with card conjurers
because of its simplicity and deceptiveness. It is the invention of Max Holden, 13 a profes-
sional magician who retired from the stage to become a New York magic dealer and one
of the larger mail-order magic businesses of the twentieth century.

The card to be forced is face down on top

of the deck. In the illustrations the location
of the force card is marked with an X. Ask
the spectator to cut the deck near center.

Take the original lower half and place it onto

the upper half, but give it a quarter turn in
the horizontal plane: ''We'll mark the place
where you cut the cards. "You must now fill
some time by talking about or explaining
something pettinent to the effect. I will give
examples in subsequent trick descriptions.

After the pause, which should last at least ten seconds, continue with the force. Thanks to
this diversion, the spectator will no longer be certain which half was originally the upper
and which the lower. This is known as time misdirection. Complete the deception by using
your right hand to pantomime the action of cutting off part of an invisible deck in midair-
"You cut the deck at any location . . ."-and place the imaginary right half on and at right
angles to an imaginary lower half-"... and we marked that location.

''Please look at the card at that point. "With

your right hand, lift the real upper half and
indicate the top card of the tabled half. This
is the force card.

FORCE TECHNIQ!JES1 PART 1 85

 CheckPoints
1. It is best if the spectator cuts the deck at center makes the experiment more
near center. This makes it more diffi- difficult. 'l'hiSline of persuasion will
cult to differentiate between the upper ll.Slfully de:fuSe any further objection. If
and lower halves. Generally is it it .dOesn't, use another spectator.
enough to ask the spectator to "cut the 2. If you knowboththe top and bottom
deck in the center". If you ask with card$ of the deck, this technique can
confidence but without emphasis, the be used to force two cards simulta-
spectator will do exactly as you neously. Simply display the top card of
request. If the spectator resists your the tabled half and the bottom card of
instruction, simply state that cutting the upper half.

The Balducci Force

This technique was originated by the American magician Ed Balducci. 14 I shall describe
here the most basic handling, which has inspired numerous variations since its inception.
The force card is second from the top of the deck Let's assume that the top card is the
Ace of Spades and the intended force card beneath it is the King of Hearts.

l/3face up
First demonstrate what you wish the spec-
213 face down tator to do: Cut off about a third of the deck
from the top and turn it over, placing it face
up on the face-down tabled cards.

113 face up · Then cut off about two-thirds of the deck,

213 face down turn this packet over and place it on top of
the tabled cards. As you do this, explain
exactly what you are doing, as the spectator
must repeat your actions:

"Cut off a small portion of the deck, turn it over and place it reversed on the other cards.
To rrwke the procedure even more randmn, cut once again, but this time cut off a larger
portion and turn it over on top of the rest of the deck."

86 CARD COLLEGE
Ribbon spread the deck on the table from
left to right. Approximately a third of the
deck is face up, while the other two-thirds
is face down. Continue your explanation:
"Then look at the first face-down card to
which you have cut. In this case, it would
have been the Ace of Spades."

Show the Ace of Spades to the audience,

then use it to scoop up the face-up cards
from left to right. 'fum these cards over,
place them under the face-down spread and
square the deck The force card is now on
top. If the spectator follows your instruc-
tions, the King of Hearts will be chosen.

Check Points
1. Do not omit the initial demonstration bring the original top portion back to
(a shrewd psychological ruse sug- the top as you re-assemble the deck
gested by Edward Marlo 15). It ensures The force cards are placed consecu-
that the spectator knows exactly what tively on top of the deck
to do, but it also makes it difficult 4. If it makes no difference which card is
(even for experts) to keep track of the forced, you can begin by having a spec-
positions of the cards. tator shuffle the deck Ribbon spread
2. If you want, you can repeat the dem- the shuffled cards face up on the table
onstration. In that case, the force card to display their mixed condition, and in
would initially be placed third from the the process secretly note the second
top. card from the top. Scoop up the cards,
3. This technique can be used to force make a comment that delays the
several cards, one after the other. After proceedings for a moment, then go
each selection you must take care to directly into the force procedure.

FORCE TECHNIQUES, PART 1 87

 The Goldin Force
This technique was created by the Polish-American stage magician Horace Goldin. 16 It is
quite easy and well suited for standing performances, as the procedure takes place in the
performer's hands.

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position,

the force card positioned on top. With your
left index finger curled under the deck,
pressing against the face of the bottom card,
use your left thumb to riffle down the outer
left comer. Ask the spectator to call stop at
any point. (Spectator's view shown here.)

As soon as this is done, stop the riffle and

pull down strongly on the unriffled cards
with the left thumb. This opens a large break
at the outer left comer between the riffled
and unriffled cards, the former being held
only along the right side by the outer phalan-
ges of the left middle, ring and little fingers.

Tip your left hand downward on the right

'
and relax the grip of the left fmgers. This
releases the riffled portion, causing it to roll
over and off the left fingertips to land on the

r I
the strategically placed middle, ring and
I~ little fingers of the open right hand.
I

88 CARD COLLEGE
Close the right fingers, turning over the
riffled packet, which lands face down in
right-hand dealing position.
\

Simultaneously lower the right hand about

two inches with respect to the left and ex-
tend it toward the spectator. With the right
thumb, push the top card of the riffied por-
tion to the left and offer it to the spectator
as a free selection. It is, in fact, the force
card.

Bring back the right-hand cards and place

them beneath those in the left hand. This
visually reinforces the impression that the
spectator has been offered a card from the
center of the deck

Check Points
1. Use a controlled gaze when perform- attention you carry out the division of
ing this force to minimize the attention packets described above. .
the spectator gives to certain aspects 2. Just as critical as the gaze is the con-
of the procedure: Look at the deck dur- scious use of the two planes of the
ing the riffle, saying, for example, cards (that is, the loweringofthe right
"Good, we'll stop right there." Now hand's packet with respect to the left
look the spectator directly in the eyes hand's). Only when this is done will the
as you say, ''Please remember your deception be perfect.
card." During this moment of divided

fORCE TECHNIQUES, PART 1 89

 The Ten-to-twenty Force
Although this is a force based purely on a mathematical principle, when properly performed
the spectator will be unable to unravel the underlying secret.
The card to be forced is tenth from the top of the deck When a specific card must be forced,
first cut the card to the top (advanced students will use the spread cull described on page
187), then shuffle nine cards onto it. If no specific card is required, you can secretly note
the tenth card while ribbon spreading the deck face up on the table after it has been shuffled
by a spectator.
The spectator is asked to name a number between ten and twenty. Assume that someone
says fifteen. Give the deck to the spectator with the request that fifteen cards be dealt face
down in a packet on the table.
You explain, ''Magic numbers are always single digits, so let's add together the two digits
of your freely clwsen number. "Adding together one and five in the example gives six. The
spectator is to deal six cards from the top of the tabled packet and note the sixth. It is the
force card.

90 CARD COLLEGE
 A lRICK WITH THE FORCE
The Lie Detector
Effect
The spectator notes any card in the deck, then removes any other seven cards, naming
them aloud, one after the other. But on one of the cards, the spectator lies, naming the noted
card instead. Using the principles of lie detection, the performer is able to ascertain the
moment of the lie and name the noted card.

Construction, Management and Script

''Surely everyone has heard of the controversial but fascinating lie detectors. But wlw
among us has ever had the opportunity to be Jwoked up to one? In the next experiment
I wiU carry out a lie detection test with .. ."-look over the audience, finally fixing your
gaze on one of the spectators-"... you! Have no fear, you need not teU a real lie. I suspect
that, as an Jwnest person, you have too little practice for that. But you wiU lie for our
entertainment only. I promise, this little lie won't cause your nose to grow." With these
or similar words you introduce the theme of the presentation.
Force a card on the spectator-let's assume it is the Nine of Hearts-using one of the above
methods. A direct force such as the crisscross or Goldin force works best here. The spec-
tator is asked to note the card, show it to everyone except you, and place it off to one side,
under the card case.
Take the deck and ribbon spread it face down on the table. Then ask the spectator to
remove any seven face-down cards from the spread.
''Please Jwld the cards in your hands, but spread them so that only you can see theirfaces."
The spectator is now to name the cards truthfully, one after the other. But on one of the
cards, your amateur prevaricator must lie, naming in its place the selected card. ''Make sure
not to hesitate when you name the false card. You may want to decide now at which card
you'Usubstitute the name of yours. And don't blink your eyes or change the tone of your
voice. In fact, a good strategy would be to use a different tone of voice for each card, so
that I have no basis for comparison. "Encourage the imaginative participation of the spec-
tator, for such participation can produce very amusing and entertaining situations.
At this point you can concentrate purely on the presentation, since you already know the
spectator's card. Wait until all the cards have been called out and note at which position
the chosen card was named-let's assume it was the fifth card. After a brief pause, you
claim somewhat hesitantly, "Yes, it's quite clear now; you did lie on one of the cards-
arui rwt at just any card, but precisely on the fifth card. Your card is the Nine ofHearts!"
If the spectator forgets the card or names a false one, don't panic; you had the card set off
to one side at the beginning. At the conclusion you can confirm the correctness of your
assertion by turning the selection face up. This provides a bit of insurance against skeptical
spectators who don't believe your lie detector premise.

FORCE TECHNIQ_UES1 PART 1 91

 FirwlNotes
1. It is always an advantage to be able to deck shuffied, note the top card while
s(>~ak competently about the theme of spreading the deck for display on the
your presentation. Read about the table, gather the spread and cany out
basisforpolygraphy (the science of lie the first half of the force. Now make
detection) ina good encyclopedia and your introductory remarks about lie
incorporate this knowledge into your detection. This provides time misdirec-
presentation. tion to separate the cutting of the cards
2. ]fyou use the crisscross force, have the from the noting of the selection.

92 CARD COLLEGE
 CHAPTER 6

TRANSFER CUTS
The great Russian painter K P. Bryullov·once corrected a student's picture.
Incredulous, the student looked at the altered drawing and cried out, "How
is it possible? You only changed a detail, yet it is completely different!"
Bryullov replied, ''Art starts where this detail begins."
 In these techniques the deck is cut several times to bring cards from above
or below a break to the top or bottom of the deck This does not alter the
positions of the cards relative to one another in the deck Such techniques
were developed by the Canadian master Dai Vernon, whose work also popu-
larized them.

94 CARD COLLEGE
 The Doubk cut
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position,
maintaining a break near center with the left
little finger. Assume this break is held above
the Seven of Hearts. Our goal is to bring the
Seven to the top using a two-cut sequence.

Take the deck into right-hand end grip,

transferring the break to the pad of the right
thumb. With your left hand, cut about half
the cards below the break to the left.

Place the left hand's packet onto the right's,

but leave it diagonally misaligned. Exert
light pressure from the right index finger on
top and from the right thumb and middle
finger at the ends to maintain this unsquared
condition of the deck

TRANSFER Curs 95
 After transferring the bottom packet of the
deck to the top, the left hand resumes deal-
ing position beneath the deck With your
right hand, cut off all the cards above the
break and let them drop, still unsquared,
onto the table.

Finally use the right hand to place the

remaining packet onto the tabled packets.
Let the unsquared condition of the cards
register for a few seconds; then square the
deck (see page 107 for the preferred method
of doing this). The Seven of Hearts is now
on top, but the relative order of the cards is
undisturbed.

Check Points
1. Begin the left hand's cutting away of the about half of the lowermost cards to
bottom cards as soon as the right hand the top. This packet need not be
grasps the deck from above. This pre- squared. Finally, again with the left
vents even those spectators on your hand, cut all the cards below the break
left from seeing the break. to the top and square the deck Once
again the Seven of Hearts is on top
2. If there is no table available, this pro- while the relative order of the cards
cess can be performed in the hands: has been preserved. The placement of
Hold a left little-finger break above the the first packet on top of the deck and
card. Then grasp the cards in right- the removal of the rest of the cards
hand end grip as previously described, under the break should blend into a
taking over the break with the right single, smooth action. This makes the
thumb-and, with the left hand, cut cutting efficient and elegant

96 CARD COLLEGE
 The Trtyk cut from Toy to Bottom
The purpose of this technique is to bring the top card of the deck to the bottom through a
series of cuts, while preserving the relative positions of the cards. The same principle can
be employed to bring the bottom card to the top. In theory, the double cut just described
could be used for this purpose; but in this context it would look to the spectators as if the
deck were simply cut twice at the same location, raising the suspicion that the two cuts
have changed nothing. Also the finesse of the unsquared packet is not effective with a single
card. For these reasons we use an extension of the double cut; namely, the triple cut.

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position,

with a little-finger break caught beneath the
top card. This card will be brought to the
bottom through a series of cuts. Take the
deck in right-hand end grip, transferring the
break to the right thumb. Simultaneously,
use the left hand to cut off the bottom third
of the deck

Place this third on top and square the cards,

maintaining the right thumb's break under
the former top card. You are now in starting
position for the double cut done either on
the table or in the hands, which you carry
out as previously described.

TRANSFER Curs 97
 The Triyk cut from Bottom to Toy
This technique is similar to the last, except that the bottom card is brought to the top,
without disturbing the relative order of the cards.

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position,

with a little-finger break formed above the
bottom card. Take the deck into right-hand
end grip, shifting the break to the right
thumb. Then perform a swing cut, using the
right index finger to lift and pivot the top
two-thirds of the deck into the left hand.

Place the left hand's packet under the third

of the deck still held in the right hand and
square the cards, your right thumb maintain-
ing the break over the former bottom card.
Proceed exactly as in a double cut to bring
the original bottom card to the top without
changing the relative order of the cards.

98 CARD COLLEGE
 TRICKS WITH TRANSFER CUTS

Triyk coincidence
This amazing trick 17 is the cunning creation of John Scarne, a legendary American card
expert and gambling authority who, among other honors, was in 1938 voted one of the "Ten
Card Stars" then living. I have made only a few minor changes to Mr. Scarne's handling.

Effect
Two decks are used, one with red backs, the other with blue backs. The performer and a
spectator each shuffle a deck and three times exchange a single card. When both decks
are ribbon spread it becomes apparent that the three cards match-a triple coincidence!

Preparation
Take any three cards from the red deck and distribute them evenly in the blue deck For
the sake of explanation, assume the three cards are the Three of Hearts, the King of Clubs
and the Two of Spades. Place the same three cards from the blue deck on top of that deck
You now have a red deck that is short three cards and a prepared blue deck that can be
introduced at any time you decide to perform this trick

Construction, Marwgernent and Script

Give the spectator the red deck with the request that it be shuffled. Remove the prepared
blue deck from its case while saying, ''I'U need a second deck for this trick. It has a different
colored back than the red deck .. . "Spread the top few cards between your hands to display
the blue backs, taking care not to expose the first red card, whose position you should note
in advance to prevent this. Briefly ribbon spread the cards face up on the table: "... but the
faces are the same as in your deck. "Square the deck and give it a face-up overhand shuffle
to avoid flashing the red backs. Take care during the shuffle to retain the three-card stock
at the back of the face-up deck (A face-up false riffle shuffle can be used here instead.
That shuffle will be taught in the next chapter.)
'This trick is an experiment in chance." Hold the deck face down in left-hand dealing
position and deal the top card face down onto the table. Instruct the spectator to cut the
shuffled red deck, complete the cut, then place the resulting top card face down on the
table. Take that card and set it on top of your deck, holding a break beneath it. Have the
spectator place your tabled card on the red deck, then bury it with a cut.
You apparently do the same, but actually use a triple cut (page 97) to bring the spectator's
card to the bottom of the deck As you make these cuts, be sure not to expose one of the
other red-backed cards in your deck This is easily prevented by riffling lightly up the inner
end and cutting at any blue card. This is only necessary on the first cut, since on the
subsequent cuts you might really be cutting to the first of the spectator's red cards.
Repeat the procedure just described twice, exchanging two more pairs of cards. The
spectator can shuffle the red deck as much as desired between exchanges. Always place

TRANSFER CUTS 99
your card on the table before the spectator lays down one from the red deck, and stress
this fact in your presentation. At p-te conclusion of the exchanges you have three randomly
chosen red cards at the bottom of your blue deck, and three predetermined red cards
distributed through it. The corr, sponding blue cards are in your helper's red deck

Have the spectator set the red deck face

down on the table. ''Playing cards have
empathy with one awther. "Place the blue
deck onto the red and ribbon spread both
decks together across the table.

As soon as this is done, spread the decks a

few inches apart at the point where they
join. This disposes of the three indifferent
red cards in a subtle manner.

"Often, chance will dictate that these six cards bear a very specific relationship to one
awther. Keep in mind that you freely chose the cards from a deck you shujjled yourself.
And I always chose my cards before you chose yours."
These words prevent the climax from being exposed prematurely. Some spectators may
anticipate the outcome, but they will not be certain. The fairness of the proceedings must
be clearly summarized at this point The clearer the procedure at the beginning, the stronger
and more inexplicable the effect at the conclusion.
Push the stranger cards in your deck forward and ask the spectator to do the same. By
grasping the card at the inner end with the thumb on the face and the fingers on the back,
it is a simple matter to peek at the faces of two of the cards as you push them forward.

''Let me show you what I mean." Have the

spectator turn over one of the blue-backed
cards removed from the red deck If it coin-
cides with one of the two cards you peeked
at, turn the corresponding card face up.
Otherwise turn over your third card.
Accelerating the pace, have both of the
other cards turned face up to show that all
three pairs of cards coincide perfectly!

100 CARD COLLEGE

 Final Note
The deceptiveness of the presentation require a complete deck and can be
will be increased if you use the red deck, performed with only forty-nine cards
which is missing three cards, in several without a problem.
preliminary effects. Most tricks don't

seventh son if a seventh son

A simple method coupled with a mysterious and fascinating presentation make this a strong
and memorable effect for lay audiences. To create it I have simplified the handling of a
trick titled "The Seventh Son" in Hugard and Braue's Expert Card Technique. 18

Effect
Someone removes a card from the deck without looking at it. Three spectators then each
name a number and for each the magician de~ that number of cards face down on the
table. The card removed by the first spectator turns out to be a Seven. After pointing out
the mysterious connotations of the number Seven, the performer turns the bottom card
of each packet face up: they are the other three Sevens!

Preparation
The four Sevens are on top of the deck This can be accomplished during a preceding effect
or by using a spread cull (see page 187). A matchbox containing several matches is on the
table. If you have no matches and cannot borrow any, use a few coins in a coin purse.

Construction, Management and Script

Give the deck a false overhand shuffle, keeping the four Sevens on top of the deck Now
run the top two cards to the bottom, so that the deck has two Sevens on top and two on
the bottom. Have a spectator cut the deck and place the lower half obliquely on the upper
half (the crisscross force). Then deploy a little time misdirection by introducing the theme
of the effect: ''I would now like to ask you to choose a card randomly from this shuffled
deck. But you will see that it is not just any card, but your personal lucky card. Let's
take the card to which you have cut." Place the top card of the lower half face down on
the table and reassemble the deck with one Seven on top and the other two on the bottom.
Turn to a second spectator and ask this person to name a number-for the sake of
expedience, a number between one and ten. Assume the number named is five. Hand this
spectator the deck, requesting that five cards be dealt singly from the top into a face-down
pile on the table. This brings the Seven on top of the deck to the bottom of the dealt packet.
Hand the spectator the matchbox as you take back the deck into left-hand dealing position.
Ask the spectator to remove a match from the matchbox and place it on top of the dealt
packet, "... so that no one can alter the contents of the packet, eitherfrom above 6r below."
As the spectator is carrying out your instructions, calmly double cut the bottom card to
the top. (See Note 2 below.)

TRANSFER CLITS 101

Give the deck to a third spectator, who is asked to name a number as well. This person is
also asked to deal that many cards face down and singly from the top of the deck into a
pile on the table. Exchange the deck for the matchbox as you instruct the third spectator
to place a match onto the dealt pile. With a double cut, bring the bottom card of the
remaining packet to the top.
Now ask a fourth spectator to choose a number, deal that many cards into a pile and place
a match onto it At the conclusion of this, there are three packets on the table, each of which
has a Seven on the bottom. Technically, the trick is over, but from the spectators' point of
view it has harldy begun.
The by-play with the matches stresses the fact that nothing will happen to the packets. But
it also provides you with an excuse to take back the deck and gives you time to carry out
the necessary double cuts. Probably no one will notice that you handle the cards at all,
but should someone watch, you are merely cutting the deck casually.
The first spectator is now asked to turn the "lucky card "-that chosen in the beginning-
face up and show it to everyone. ''You reaJly are lucky,jor the Seven is not only your lucky
card, but has been regarded since antiquity as a mysterious and magical number. The
Greeks had their seven sages. There were the Seven Sleepers of Epheseus and Seven
Wonders of the Ancient World. In Holy Writ we have the seven seals, the seven stars, the
seven lamps, the seven loaves, the seven deadly sins and the seven virtues. There are seven
days in the week, seven whole notes in music and the seven colors in the spectrum. The
number seven truly has more than numerical importance. Perhaps, you will say it's a
coincidence, that you have chosen a Seven. But it would be absolutely unbelievable for
aJ1 ofyou"-indicate the three spectators who dealt packets-''to end up with Sevens!"
Tmn up the three tabled packets and ... curtain. If anyone now thinks that you only perform
"tricks", then either that person is unconscious, or you have done something dreadfully
wrong.

FirwlNotes
1. When you Jearn the classic force .in 2. To bring the Sevens from the ...oo1ro1n
Ghapter 15, you can use it to force the to the top, I have suggested that you i

first Seven. The execution of the force execute double cuts rather than triple
is easier than.usual, Since the spectator cuts. While I cautioned against double
can take any one of foilr consecutive cuts for this purp()~~ earlier (page 97),
Sevens. Afterone ofthe Sevens has in this instance they are permissible;
bee.J;l removed; you cut the deck to since they are carried out casually
bring orie Seven tO the top and two to the sidelines while everyone's att(:m..:
the pgttbm; Thensimply proceed as tion is on the actions of the spe(:tators;
pteviousJ.Ytallght.

102 CARD COLLEGE

 CHAPTER 7
RIFFLE SHUFFLE
TECHNIQlJES
"He who does rwt constantly improve, ceases to be good."
AS. Grove
 The riffle shuffle is the shuffle preferred at gambling tables. This is primarily
because it was once thought that the riffle shuffle made cheating more diffi-
cult Today there is more literature devoted to various riffie shuffle techniques
than to any other shuffle. Anything you can do with an overhand shuffle can
be done with a riffie shuffle, and much more besides.
Although most card players know and use the riffle shuffle today, many
people still find it fascinating when it is neatly performed, perhaps partly
because of its association with gambling and its lore. You should therefore
include in your performances tricks using the riffie shuffle. In this chapter
we will become familiar with the basic riffie shuffle techniques. Don't neglect
to master these basics from the outset, as they will be the foundation for more
advanced techniques you will encounter later.

104 CARD COLLEGE

 The closed Riffie s1u1fie
Position the deck on the table with one side
facing you and grasp the cards as shown in
the illustration. The bases of the little fingers
contact the table, giving the hands a relaxed
appearance. The thumbs are at their respec-
tive inner corners. The outer phalanges of
the ring fingers are bent so that their outer --.. .
sides contact the ends of the deck at the )
outer corners. The little fingers lie next to
the ring fingers. Finally, the outer phalanges
of the index fingers are bent and contact the
top of the deck
This illustration is a finger diagram, show-
ing the positions of the fingers with respect
to the deck Such diagrams show the exact
positions at which the individual fmgers
contact the deck, and are often used to
illustrate riffle shuffle techniques. This
position will be referred to as the riffle
shuffle starting position.
We now begin the actual shuffle. Using your
right thumb, riffle off about half the cards
from the bottom of the deck To facilitate
this, press the right index finger lightly down
on top of the deck The inner side of the
deck will open along its entire length, but no
break should be visible at the outer side.

RimE SHUFflE TECHNIQUES 105

 Grasp the lower half of the deck between
the left thumb and middle finger and pull it
half the length of the deck to the left. Mirror
this action with the right hand, pulling the
upper half to the right. Since both hands
move, the cut takes half as much time as it
would otherwise. The symmetrical action is
both efficient and <:esthetically pleasing. The
halves of the deck lie flat on the table in a
slight V-formation, the inner corners touch-
ing lightly. Take care that the finger positions
remain unchanged during the cutting.
Only now do the hand positions change.
Grasp each half with its respective hand as
shown in the illustration (a front view). The
bases of the little fingers continue to main-
tain contact with the table.
With the thumbs, lift their respective corners
of the packets about half an inch, and press
lightly down on top of the deck with the
index fingers in preparation for letting the
cards riffle off. When they do so, the inner
corners will interlace. Begin the riffle by
releasing a few cards from the right thumb,
then riffle the cards evenly, releasing the left
hand's top cards last. This shuffles the
original top and bottom cards into the deck
You will next push the halves together. This
requires another change in hand positions,
which amounts to resuming the starting
position, but with the cards now interlaced.
With your ring fingers, push the halves to-
gether. The little fingers assist by pushing
gently behind the ring fingers. No force is
applied by the other fingers: they merely
guide the cards.
Only when the halves have been securely
interlaced for an inch or more do you
straighten them from their slight angles and
push them flush. The shuftle is concluded by
squaring the deck neatly, using the technique
that immediately follows (Squaring After the
Shuffle). In practice the shuffling and
squaring procedures form a single smooth
sequence of actions.

106 CARD COLLEGE

 Check Points
1. This technique in particular is easier at them, they are barely bent. Though
the outset if you work on a padded one often sees the cards bent severely
surface. But practice it and all the during the shuffle, it is not necessacy,
other riffle shuffle techniques on a may damage the cards and does not
hard surface as well, so that you will look good. Performed properly, the
be prepared for any conditions. riffle produces the sound of a softly
2. Don't forget to keep the bases of the purring cat, not the noise of an ice-
little fingers in contact with the table- breaker. Mastery of the riffle shuffle
top throughout the shuffle. Only in the requires technique, not strength.
final phase of the shuffle-as the 5. In pushing the halves together, the
halves are pushed together and just cards may bind Ifyou experience this,
before they are squared- is it permis- relaxing your grip on the cards should
sible to lift them from the table. Even make it easier to proceed If necessary,
then it is not necessacy-you can per- the packets may also be gently "scis-
form all the actions with the hands sored" back and forth to loosen them.
resting on the table.
6. This version of the riffle shuffle is
3. Carefully study the finger diagram for referred to as "closed" because a por-
the riffle shuffle starting position and tion of the deck is hidden during the
memorize it. Don't fall back on old shuffle. This is useful in hiding the
habits, in which the deck may have condition of the deck when, for exam-
been held quite differently. ple, some cards are secretly face up in
4. When riffling the cards to interlace a deck that is supposedly face down.

After each riffle shuffle you will want to square the cards. This method, one first recom-
mended in print in 1902 by the mysterious card sharp S. W. Erdnase, 19 is a particularly
efficient and elegant method of doing so.

After you have executed the riffle shuffle,

the deck will be in a slightly unsquared con-
dition and you will be holding it with your
hands in the riffle shuffle starting position. ----.
)

R.ImE SHUFFLE TECHNIQUES 107

 Extend your thumbs toward the center of
the inner side, until the thumbtips lightly
touch, and slide the middle fingers around
the outer corners to their respective ends.
The ring and little fingers move aside a short
distance to make room for this action. The
illustration shows a view from above.

Slide both thumb and middle finger of each

hand toward their respective inner corners,
the index fingers following passively over
the top of the deck This stroking of the ends
and inner side squares the deck You then
either remove the hands from the deck or
resume riffle shuffle starting position
depending on the requirements of the par-
ticular routine.

This riffle shuffle, in which most of the deck remains visible, differs from the closed riffle
shuffle in only a few details. Because of its "open" appearance, it looks fairer and is pre-
ferred to the closed shuffle. But it is a bit more difficult and requires greater coordinatioiL
In the beginning you will also think it requires greater strength, but-as with most tech-
niques- this is just a temporary misconception. The true secret lies in properly
coordinating the actions.
Hold the deck in riffle shuffle starting
position. Divide the deck as previously
described (see the first four illustrations of
the closed riffle shuffle on pages 105 and
106). Maintaining the hands in their posi-
tions, begin to riffle the cards with the
thumbs, interlacing the adjacent corners as
shown in the illustratioiL Push the interlaced
halves together and square the deck as pre-
viously described.

108 CARD COLLEGE

 Check Points
1. This technique is not only more open, cutting. And don't lower the right
but obviously more efficient, since it thumb to the table after dividing the
does not require as many changes in deck; rather keep it elevated, so that it
hand positions. can immediately begin to riffle the
2. The outer, lower edge of the left half of cards. Keeping the thumb raised elimi-
the deck maintains constant contact nates the need to set down, then
with the table top. Also keep the outer immediately pick up the right half of
phalanx of the right middle finger in the deck again.
contact with the table top during the

Riffic sJ+ stock controk

With the techniques described here you can control the top stock of the deck, or the bottom
stock, or both, during a riffle shuffle; and you can use either an open or a closed riffle shuffle.
I recommend that the open riffle shuffle be used wherever possible.

Control of the Top Stock

The top card of the deck can be controlled easily with the riffle shuffle. Cany out the normal
shuffle with one small alteration: simply release the original top card last. The same
principle can be applied to control the top few cards. This technique is not recommended
for controlling more than eight cards on top, as the large size of the block could alert
attentive spectators to the technique.

Control of the Bottom Stock

The principle here is the same as that used for controlling the top stock. To control the
bottom card, release the lowest card of the left half first and riffle shuffle the rest of the
packets together normally. To control more cards, I suggest that you begin the riffle shuffle
above the cards in question. You could riffle these cards off first, but this creates some
hesitation in the procedure, and it might be noticed that some cards are released in a block.
By simply leaving the desired block on the table as the left thumb raises the cards above
for the shuffle, you can deceptively control more cards at the bottom than you can on top;
but limit the number to no more than a dozen, or the initial "bed" of cards will become
obvious.
TIP FOR BOTII SHUFFLES: These two types of shuffles, when performed, can and should be
repeated once or several times. French card-expect Bernard Bills suggests that you cut
the top portion to the right for the first shuffle, then cut that portion to the left for the sec-
ond shuffle, alternating the direction of the cut with each new shuffle. In this way even
someone trying to follow the top or bottom stock will be frustrated in the attempt. I would
like to add that you should look up at the audience when you separate the deck for the
shuffle, then look down again at the deck when you shuffle. Conclude the sequence with
a tabled false cut (see Chapter 25, Volume 2).

RimE SHUFFLE TECHNIQUES 109

This technique is not only impressive to spectators, it is also very useful when no table is
available. In those countries where cards games are popular, like the USA and England,
this shuffle is quite common. But you should be aware that in other latitudes it is often
regarded as a flourish, and if you find yourself working these climes you might consider
prefacing the shuffle with a remark such as ''I'U shuffle the cards like the American card
cheats," to give your use of the shuffle a presentational motivation.

Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-

ing position. Then take it into right-hand end
grip and raise it to elevated dealing position.
The outer phalanges of the right middle, ring
and little fingers extend over the outer end
of the deck, the pads of these fingers con-
tacting the face of the bottom card. Press
against the top card with the back of the
outer phalanx of the curled right index
finger.

Rotate the deck about forty-five degrees

clockwise until its length is parallel with
your left fingers. You now control the deck
entirely with the right hand. With your right
thumb, bend up the inner end of the deck
and allow about half of the cards to riffle off
it. At this moment you are holding the
released cards exclusively with the right
middle, ring and little fingers. The bottom
card of the riffled half lands on the pads of
the left middle, ring, and little fingers. The
left index finger is curled in to avoid contact
with the underside of the packet.

Uncurl the left index finger and place it on

top of the released half. Next move the right
hand upward, so that you can place your left

fl thumb at the outer end of the lower half,

using the pads of the right middle, ring and
little fingers to facilitate this.

110 CARD COLLEGE

The hands hold their halves in the same grip,
forming mirror images. This position is
maintained for barely a second. The transi-
tion between the previous phase and the
following one should be smooth.

Riffle the cards uniformly off the thumbs,

interlacing the two packets. As you do this,
grip the cards securely with the middle, ring
and little fingers of both hands underneath
the packets, and the forefingers on top.
Once the cards are interlaced, they are ready
to be sprung together using the waterfall
flourish.

Place both thumbs on top of the interlaced

cards at their approximate center. Move the
index fingers next to the middle fingers
under the deck Then bend the outer ends
down, gripping them securely with the outer
phalanges of the curled index, middle, ring
and little fingers, which prevent the cards
from springing down prematurely. Counter-
pressure from the thumbs on top prevents
the cards from springing upward.

Now uncurl the index, middle, ring and little

fingers, gently relaxing your grip on the
cards. The cards will automatically spring
together in a cascade that is pleasing to both
eye and ear. Keep the thumbs on the crest
of the arch, preventing the springing cards
from sliding off the deck at the end of the
shuffle. With the right hand, rotate the deck
forty-five degrees clockwise, take it into
elevated dealing position and square it. If
you lower the deck to normal dealing
position, you'll have brought an resthetically
pleasing sequence full circle.

RIFFLE SHUFFLE TECHNIQUES Ill

 Check Points
1. Grasp the cards gently, but securely. together without interruption, fonning
Keep in mind that as you riffle the a harmonious whole. The shuffle
halves together you hold them only by should not be noisy, but produce a soft
the middle, rin.g and little fingers on the rustle.
face of the bottom card and the index 3. Obviously this technique, like the tabled
finger on the back of the top card. riffle shuffles, can be used to control
2. All these individual steps should flow the top and bottom stocks of the deck

112 CARD COLLEGE

 TRICKS WITH
RIFFLE SHUFFLE TECHNIQ1lES
The Red-black Location
Effect
TI1is is my simplified handling of a trick described by Persi Diaconis. Only later did I
discover that I had unknowingly reinvented ideas conceived in the 1930s. 20 Someone freely
chooses a card from a fan and replaces it anywhere in the deck The spectator then shuffles
the cards thoroughly. Nevertheless, the magician finds the card in a flash.

Preparation
Separate the red and black cards in the deck For the sake of our explanation, let's assume
that the red cards are on top of the black cards.

Construction, Management and Script

Begin by giving the deck a few false shuffles. Naturally, any shuffle that preserves the order
of the entire deck will work, but here is a special overhand shuffle created by Charles
Jordan,21 which preserves the red-black separation of the cards: Shuffle off roughly twenty
cards in several blocks, then run about a dozen cards singly till you have passed the center
of the deck, and finish by shuffling off the remaining twenty-some cards in two or three
blocks. Repeat the shuffle to bring the red cards once more above the black cards.
Spread the cards between your hands, pushing over the first twenty rather quickly in
bunches, and force your spectator to choose a card from the lower half-in our case, one
of the black cards. As the card is being shown to everyone but you, square the deck
Spread the cards between your hands again for the spectator to replace the card, but this
time spread the first twenty cards more slowly, so that the card is inserted into the upper
half. There is now one black card-the card chosen by the spectator-among the red
cards in the deck
1.Iy to note the position at which the card is replaced. TI1is is not as difficult as it sounds,
since you are practically spreading the cards one at a time. It should be easy to estimate
whether it is about ten, fifteen or twenty cards from the top.
Push the cards together as deliberately and openly as possible, and ribbon spread the deck
face down on the table as you review what has taken place. The important thing right now
is that the cards are out of your hands for a moment, so that even the most skeptical specta-
tor can see that everjthing is proceeding fairly.
Pick up the deck and turn to the spectator. ''I would like you to shu.ffie the cards yourself.
You can use either a riffle shu.ffie or an overhand shujfie. It's up to you." As you say
this, you accompany your instructions with a demonstration of both shuffles. Place the
deck on the table with one side facing you, in preparation for a tabled riffle shuffle. Cut

RIFFLE SHUFFLE TECHNIQ1lES 113

the upper half of the deck to the left and begin an open riffle shuffle. If you hold your
hands somewhat farther from the body than normal, you will find that the indices of the
left-hand cards are easy to see without your needing to watch the deck like a hawk. You
must glimpse and note the only black card among the reds. This is the chosen card. A few
practice attempts will confirm for you that the card can be accurately spotted without
hesitation drning the riffle. Glimpsing the odd card is made considerably easier, as you
know approximately where it is.
Square the deck and give it an overhand shuffle in accordance with the script. Then hand
it to the spectator for shuffling. Your shuffles have destroyed any clues that might have
exposed your method. You can now reveal or locate the card in any manner you like.

Final Notes
1. If perform this as an opening effect, 2. Ideally, you should perform this location
the cards can already be separated into in the middle of a program, after several
reds and blacks. Don't, however, begin spectators have shuffled the cards. As
with the location described here, but you proceed in your study of card magic
with a few other effects that preserve you will find there are many tricks that
the red-black separation This delays permit secret sorting of the red and
the use of the stack and prevents black cards during the course of the
anyone, even other magicians, from presentation
figuring out your method.

Royal Flush Finak

This effective routine serves as an excellent opener, though it is not restricted to that role.
It brings together several production techniques, along with ideas of Bruce Cervon 22 and
a ruse-grown from ideas by American cardman Bob Veeser 23 and Australian performer
Ian Baxter 24-that has been subjected to many variations in recent years, in which four
cards of the same value are seemingly cut to the tops of four packets. I have come up with
a combination that is not too demanding technically, requires only a sin1ple and quickly
accomplished setup, and is visually appealing. The routine can be performed standing, but
a seated position is more natural, as the routine employs riffle shuffle techniques.

Effect
The four Aces are produced from the deck in a spectacular fashion. The performer notes
that a royal flush in poker is even better than the four Aces, and promptly cuts the deck into
four packets. The top card of each packet is revealed as the Ten, Jack, Queen and King of
Spades, which-along with the Ace of Spades-yield a royal flush!

Preparation
The preparation is so simple that it can be accomplished in the course of a preceding
routine or while addressing the audience. (As you work through this course, on page 187

114 CARD COLLEGE

you will discover the spread cull, which is perfect for such tasks as this.) At the top of
the face-down deck, reading from the top down, is the following eight-card stack: Ace,
Ace, Ace, Ace of Spades, Jack of Spades, Queen of Spades, Ten of Spades and King of
Spades. Only the position of the Ace of Spades, fourth from the top, is fixed. The positions
of the other Aces are interchangeable, as are the positions of the four spades making up
the balance of the royal flush. This flexibility allows the setup to be accomplished quickly.
(When using the spread cull, you can generally arrange the eight needed cards with a single
run through the deck)

Construction, Marmgement and Script

Spread the deck face up on the table, keeping the top eight cards bunched rather closely
together to avoid exposing their arrangement. Then pick up the deck and hold it face
down in left-hand dealing position. Proceed to give the cards a false overhand shuffle that
maintains the top stock
You will now produce the first Ace using a
technique invented by the Dutch magician
Eddy Taytelbaum. 25 Hold the deck face
down in left-hand dealing position. With
your right hand, grasp the upper half by
the sides and lift it at the inner end. At the
same time, curl the left index finger over
the outer end of the deck, so that its pad
contacts the back of the top card (an Ace).
Then pull the upper half inward with the
right hand, holding back the top card with a
light pressure of the left index finger.
Now lift the upper packet slightly and push
it forward until it is aligned again with the
lower half, at which time you bring it down
onto that lower portion. As you do this, you
use the left index finger to lever the top
Ace into a vertical position. The Ace pivots
face up on the index finger tip, flipping end
over end like the spring of a mouse trap. By
quickly removing the left index finger from
the end of the deck, the Ace will be caught
face up between the half packs, from which
position it projects out toward the audience.
Performed smoothly, it looks as though the card jumps face up from the deck and is caught
in the middle. Set this first Ace face up on the table. Next give the deck several tabled riffle
shuffles, maintaining the seven-card top stock

RIFFLE SHUFFLE TECHNIQl.lES 115

 You will now produce the second Ace using
a flourish spin cut invented by American
magician John Benzais: 26 Hold the deck in
starting riffle shuffle position, then cut the
lower half forward with the right hand, as
you simultaneously exert light pressure
from the right index finger on the top card.

It is important as you make this cut (which

is a form of tabled slip cut) that you move
both hands apart and forward in diverging
symmetrical arcs. As the top card is slipped
from the left hand's half, the arcing motion
of the right hand throws the card outward,
causing it to pivot around the right middle
finger and spin a few times as it flies forward.
It should eventually come to rest face down
in the center of the table.

Put the halves of the deck back together, with the six-card stack on top. Then turn the
newly produced Ace face up and lay it next to the first.
Take the face-down deck into left-hand
dealing position. Now, using the left thumb,
push the top card about a quarter of an inch
to the right and, with your right hand, cut
something between half and two-thirds of
the cards from the top of the deck to the table.
Set the lower right edge of the remaining
packet onto the table and lower left edge of
this packet just over the right side of the Ace.
Immediately remove your hands from the
cards. Under perfect conditions a second or
two will pass before the weight of the right
packet flips the slightly misaligned Ace face
up. (This novel production is attributed to
Michael Schwartz. 27 )

With a little experimentation you will discover the proper position for the cards and the
best size (that is, weight) of packet to use. This production is very pretty, particularly when
there is a pause before the action. When this occurs one gets an impression of the card
almost turning over by itself. A deck of cards that has been broken in can help to produce
the desired delay.
After placing the third Ace face up beside the first two, set the left-hand packet onto the
right, returning the royal flush stack to the top of the deck Cut the Ace of Spades to the
bottom with a triple cut (see page 93). The final Ace will be produced using the Cervon

116 CARD COLLEGE

teclmique mentioned at the outset. The shuflle involved will be used to set up the produc-
tion of the royal flush.

Hold the deck in starting riffle shuflle posi-

tion. With your left thumb, lift the top two
cards imperceptibly along the inner side and
pull the top half beneath these two cards out
to the right with the right hand.

Begin a riffle shuflle by releasing a single card (the Ace of Spades) from the left thumb,
then a few cards from the right thumb, then riffle off the rest of the cards normally. Having
finished the riffle, do not square the interlaced halves. Instead, push them only about three-
quarters of an inch into each other.
With the right thumb, lift the right-hand packet along its inner side keeping the lower outer
edge of the interlaced packets in contact with the tabletop. This leaves the Ace of Spades
lying alone on the table, concealed under the elongated deck

Push the interlaced packets to the left until [ )

the Ace of Spades is centered beneath them,
and lower the inner side of the packets again
to the table. '---------------J
(
Next cut about half of the interlaced deck
forward onto the table, then place the re-
maining cards, including the centered Ace,
on top of these.
)
Hold the interlaced deck in starting riffle
shuflle position, but with the thumbs at the
approximate centers of their respective
halves. If you now move the right hand out-
ward and the left hand inward, both moving
slightly counterclockwise, the Ace of
Spades will emerge from the center of the
separating halves, rotating on the right
thumb and left middle finger. Stop with the
Ace still projecting from both packets.

RimE SHUFFLE TECHNIQ1!ES 117

 Cut all the cards above the Ace in the outer
packet forward and all the cards above the
Ace in the inner packet inward. Then slowly
turn over the single card to reveal the final
Ace, the Ace of Spades.
Give your spectators a few seconds to ap-
preciate this pretty production; then quickly
add, "But when you are playing poker, tllere
is something even better than the jour Aces:
a royal flush-in spades!"Think of the four
tabled packets as numbered one to four
from the nearest to the farthest. With your
right hand lift the top card of Packet Three
and turn it over lengthwise and face up onto
packet four. Simultaneously, with your left
hand, pivot the top card of Packet Two face
up onto Packet One.
Without hesitating, use both hands to turn
up the top cards of Packets Two and Three,
and leave them on top of these packets. This
produces one card of the royal flush face up
on each of the four packets. Performed
smoothly and with confidence, this se-
quence gives the impression that the top
card of each packet is turned face up (this
clever cutting ruse is the one I alluded to ear-
lier). Give it a try right now!

Final Note
Of coll.ISe, the deck can be false shtiffled chapter and tabled false cuts from Chap-
and false cut between each Ace produc- ter 25 (in Volume 2), since these leave the
tion. The most natural method ·would cards on the table and avoid excessive
use riffle shuffle teclmiq1.les from this handling.

118 CARD COLLEGE

 CHAPTER 8
Ti-rE GLIDE
''Anything done beautifully justifies its own existence. "
Milbornne Christopher
 The glide enables you to exchange the bottom card of the deck for the card
just above it. This very simple technique is useful in numerous tricks in which
cards must be changed or exchanged. The glide should be regarded as a
serious substitute for the much more difficult top change (see Chapter 16)
and the double lift (Chapter 10 in this volume and Chapter 21 in Volume 2).

120 CARD COLLEGE

 The Glide
Pay attention here to the exact positions of the fingers, which lead to an easier and more
natural glide than is found with the traditional grip.
Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-
ing position; then, with the right hand, tum
it over sidewise and return it face up to deal-
ing position. Point to the card visible on the
face, then to the table top, following this
action with your eyes as you state, "We'll
place this card face down here on the table."
As soon as you finish saying this, look at the
spectators, decreasing their attention on the
\
deck while you tum the left hand palm down.
Move the left index finger next to the middle
finger and against the outer left comer of the
deck, the outer phalanx contacting the side
of the deck The deck itself rests on the pads
of the left middle, ring and little fingers. This
brings the lower left side of the deck in
contact with the outer joint of the middle,
ring and little fingers. The illustration shows
a transparent view from the front.
As you look at the spectators, move the left
middle, ring and little fingers as a unit a full
half inch back and to the left. This slides the
face card back in a slightly diagonal path. Do
not move the thumb and index finger, which
provide a counter pressure to keep the rest
of the deck peliectly squared. This illustra-
tion shows a view from below.
While moving the right hand toward the
deck, shift your gaze from the spectators to
your hands. Place the pad of the right mid-
dle finger on the exposed index of the card
above the face card and pull this card for-
ward, grasping it between the right thumb
and middle finger. The illustration shows an
exposed view-in actual practice the pro-
jecting card would not be visible.

THE GLIDE 121

 As the card is being placed on the table by
the right hand, move the left middle, ring
and little fingers back to their starting posi-
tions, carrying the card on the face of the
deck with them. Once the drawn card is on
the table, grasp the deck briefly in the right
hand at the outer end and replace it face
down into left-hand dealing position. Any
residual misalignment of the face card can
be corrected at this time by squaring the
deck

You can also return the deck to face-down left-hand dealing position without involving the
right hand, by moving the left thumb to the left along the top of the deck, then working
the left fingers underneath the deck to its right side.

Check Points
· 1. Keep the left index finger at the outer face card is moved before the right
left comer of the deck Do not move it, hand reaches under the deck and while
even as you execute the glide. you are still looking at the spectators.
2. Move the middle, ring and little fingers 5. If more than one card slides back with
as a unit and not individually. This ren- the face card during the glide it is prob-
ders the movement virtually invisible ably due to poor quality cards; use new,
to even a keenly observant spectator. clean cards that slide easily. The rest of
the deck is held in check by the left
3. The slightly diagonal glide not only thumb and index finger.
minimizes the distance the face card
6. If the cards above the substituted card
must move, but prevents the specta-
slide forward as it is drawn off the
tors on the right from seeing any
deck, this is not a problem, since this
telltale projecting edge.
could actually happen as a result of the
4. Pay close attention to the timing: The action you are simulating.

122 CARD COLLEGE

 TRICKS /WITH THE GLIDE

The Acrobat Family

Effect
This is my presentation for a classic of modern card magic, Edward Marlo's "Elevator
Cards".28 The Jack, Queen, King and Ace of Spades are placed face down in a row on the
table. One after another they execute wonderful feats of ever increasing difficulty, always
reappearing in unsuspected places.

Construction, Management and Script

Spread the deck face up between your
hands and cut it to bring the Ace of Clubs to
the face. Spread through the cards again and
outjog the Jack, Queen, King and Ace of
Spades, so that they pro~ect halfway from
the spread. With your rlght hand, remove
these four cards from the spread and place
them on the face of the squared deck, with
the Jack at the face, follo~ed by the Queen,
then the King and finally ilie Ace. Spread the
first three cards to displat the four spades,
while keeping the ace of dlubs hidden.
''Ladies and Gentleman, may I introduce you to the deck's premier family of acrobats.
Each member has mastered an artistic feat of increasing difficulty. The Jack i s a
beginner, the Queen is more advanced, the King is a professional, and the Ace, as you
might suspect, is an absolute master. "
The goal of this introduction is twofold: first, by personifying the cards you create greater
interest in the effect; and second, the order of the cards is reinforced for the spectators.
Square the face-up deck and hold it in left-
hand dealing position. Tap the Jack with
your right index finger, then turn the left
hand palm down, automatically bringing it
into glide position. Apparently place the
Jack on the table-but actually glide it back
and set down the Queen in its place. Keep
the Jack in its offset position as you deal the
next three cards above it into a face-down
row to the right of the Queen. As each card
is dealt, repeat the name of the card suppos-
edly being placed on the table.

THE GLIDE 123

''Let's begin with a simple leap from the bottom to the top. Acrobats call this feat a 'salta
mortale'-thefatalleap. This is something the Jack already does really weU. "As you say
this, casually overhand shuffle the deck, bringing the Jack from the bottom to the top. Then
set the deck face down on the leftmost card in the four-card row. Riffle the ends of the
deck and with a showmanly gesture show that the Jack has jumped to the top. (In Chapter
12, which is devoted to flourishes, you will learn several pretty ways of displaying the top
card, one of which you may wish to add here to embellish the effect.)
"The Queen wiU demonstrate the difficult two-phase salta mortale to the bottom. " Pick
up the "Queen" (which is actually the King) from the row and place it on top of the deck,
which you then take into right-hand end grip. Riffle your left thumb down the left side of
the deck-and slide the bottom card out to the left, using the left middle and ring fingers,
which you then close to flip the card over sidewise on the hand, revealing the Queen. Place
the Queen face up on the table next to the face-up Jack
'The King, being an expert, goes in the center, turns a one-and-a-halfpirouette, then leaps
to the top with a two-phase salta mortale with a half twist." Turn the deck face up and
insert the third card of the row face down in the center. Snap your fingers, turn the deck
face down, then turn the top card face up. (In Chapter 26 of Volume 2 you will encounter
the ''Top-card Turnover IV', which fits particularly well at this point in our acrobatics.) Place
the King face up on the table next to the previous two face-up cards. The face-up Jack,
Queen and King silently serve to reinforce the identity of the fourth face-down card,
presumed to be the Ace.
''And finally, the Ace of the acrobat family!
I place it in the approximate center of the
deck. "Indeed, do so with the remaining face-
down card of the row, and leave it projecting
for about half an inch from the outer end.
'The Ace has incredible talents." As you say
this, turn the wrist to bring the deck face up
exposing the outer index of a black Ace
which the spectators will assume to be the
Ace of Spades, though it is actually the Ace
of Clubs. The illustration shows their view
from the front.
Turn the deck face down and snap your right fingers. ''Viola! The only three-phase salta
mortale in the world, executed by the Ace of Spades in a deck of cards!" Ribbon spread
the deck face down on the table to reveal the face-up Ace of Spades in the center-and
accept your applause.

124 CARD COLLEGE

 rhe coui Test
Effect
The performer apparently finds the wrong card, but manages to correct his mistake in a
surprising manner. This trick, in which the magician amazes the spectators by righting a
wrong, is extremely effective in making an audience sit up and take notice. The plot, a
popular standard of card magic for many years, was invented by the Spanish magician
Partagas. 29 The version of the trick offered here is a variant handling of one Hugard and
Braue called "Design for Laughter': 30

Construction, Management and Script

Control the chosen card to the top of the deck, then overhand shuffle it to the bottom.
Perform a false cut and set the deck face down in front of the spectators. For the apparent
mistake to be effective later, it is important for everyone in the audience to know the identity
of the chosen card.
''AUow me to administer the Coue psychotest to you. As you may know, Emil Coue w as
a French physician who developed a treatment based on autosuggesti on. You wiUfind
your card yourself, with the help of his method. " Take the deck, briefly riffle one end
toward the spectator, then replace the deck on the table, taking care all the while not to
expose the bottom card. "Your subconscious mind has now registered the position of your
card in the deck. Cut the deck into three packets while you say, 'I am absolutely certain
that this is my card.'"
The spectator follows your instructions,
cutting the deck into three packets while
repeating the above suggestion with mock
seriousness before each cut. During the
dividing of the deck, secretly obseiVe where
the bottom portion is placed, as the bottom
card of this packet is the spectator's chosen ::!f!P~ Center
card. For this explanation we will assume
that the spectator cuts the cards from your
left to right, which places the bottom packet
on the left.
"Let's see how you've done. WeU, apparently it didn't work with the f irst card. "Pick up
the packet on your right in right-hand end grip and turn the hand palm up to display the
face card. Place the packet face up in left-hand dealing position, then turn the left hand
palm down and grasp the bottom card with the right fingers to place it face down on the
table. In doing this you simulate the action of a glide without carrying one out. This seiVes
to familiarize the audience with this handling.
Repeat this procedure with the face card of the middle packet, which again is not the
spectator's card. ''Please don't say anything, but I am quite certain that this is not your
card either. " These words seiVe to anticipate the next phase, preventing any premature
reaction from the audience when they see the chosen card.

THE GLIDE 125

 Finally take the third packet and display the
face card, which is the chosen card. "The
test seems to have failed-this is not the
card you chose either." Using the same
actions as before, apparently place this card
beside the other two, but actually execute
the glide with the spectator's card and place
an indifferent card onto the table. (This
illustration and the next show the audience's
view.)

Immediately remove the next indifferent

card from above the still offset selection and
use it to indicate the three tabled cards:
''None of these three cards is the card you
chose. " Hold the indifferent card with its
face "inadvertently'' visible to the audience.
Then place this card on the face of the left-
hand packet and reassemble the deck,
setting the other two packets on top of the
left hand's cards. The spectator's card is now
second from the bottom.

Look at the spectators and explain: "The Coue test failed. Perhaps we'U have rrwre luck
with numerology. Name your favorite number between one and ten." In principle, the
spectator could name any number from one to forty-eight-you are holding forty-nine
cards-but restricting the choice to less than ten keeps the trick moving briskly. Position
the deck for the glide, casually exposing the indifferent card on the face. Let's assume the
spectator names the number five. With your right hand, deal the bottom card face down
onto the table and casually flash its face in the process, subtly reinforcing the outward
honesty of your actions. Glide back the chosen card and deal the next three indifferent
cards onto the table. On the count of five take the chosen card and hold it face down in
the right hand: "One, two, three, jour and jive: the number you chose. "
Look confidently at the spectator, who is finally asked to name the chosen card. As soon
as you hear it, shift your gaze disconcertedly toward the fac~own card on the table that
the spectators believe to be the card just named. Look at the face of the card in your hand
and ask the spectator, "Are you sure?" Pause to let the spectator confirm the card; then
slowly revolve the card in your right hand, so that it first faces you, then faces the audi-
ence. It is the card chosen by the spectator! You and the rest of the audience can now ef\joy
watching the spectator who incredulously turns over the tabled card. Who doesn't believe
in numerology now?

126 CARD COLLEGE

 CHAPTER 9
THE DOUBLE LIFT,
PART 1
"Good is better than perfect. "
Anonymous
 In a double lift, two cards are held squared together and displayed as one
apparently single card. In this chapter I will describe two methods that can
be used in almost all performing situations.
A double lift may be broken into three stages: First, the preparation, called
the get-ready; second, the display; and third, the replacement on the deck
Keep these stages in mind as you study the following descriptions.

128 CARD COLLEGE

 ADoubk L~
You can use this method at the start, as it is relatively easy, but later you will use it only in
special circumstances, as the handling, if applied repeatedly, would seem unnatural.
Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-
ing position. You now need to form a break
under the top two cards. To do this, bring the
right hand into end-grip position over the
deck and bevel the cards slightly toward you
at the upper inner edge. One at a time, catch
the inner ends of the top two cards on the
pad of your right thumb while your left hand
lowers the inner end of the deck a very small
distance, so that a left little-finger break can
be caught under the second card.
Introduce a delay between the preparation
(the get-ready) and the double lift itself; you
might perhaps gesture with the right hand or
use it to push aside an object on the table.
Then resume right-hand end grip and grasp
the double card by its ends. Immediately
turn the hand clockwise at the wrist to dis-
play the face of the card to the spectators.
Move the hand slowly but constantly, so that
the additional thickness of the card cannot
be noticed. It is also wise to buckle the card
slightly inward; that is, bow the card so that
its face is mildly concave.
Replace the double card face down and
square on the deck, freeing the right hand to
carry out an action appropriate in the con-
text of the trick. This implicitly justifies the
replacement of the card. It might be a simple
gesture; for example, you point to the table:
''I'U put the card here and ask you to place
your finger on it. " Finally, place the top
card-apparentlytheonejustshown-face
down on the table, or in a pocket, an enve-
lope, or on the spectator's palm, etc.

THE DOUBLE LIFT, PART 1 129

 Check Points
1. Taking the break under the top two 2. Buckling the card lightly inward during
cards uses the same technique the display prevents the double card
described under the heading "Little- from accidentally separating at the
finger Break Under the Top Card- edges. If you flex the cards inward and
'1\vo-handed Method", page 29. Rather release them occasionally during the
than raising the cards (and creating a display, you can create the convincing
ski-jump!), you lower the inner end of impression of a single card.
the deck under the top two cards.

A Doubk Turnover
In this technique, the double card is turned over and displayed directly on top of the deck;
then it is immediately turned down again. One advantage of this method is that even spec-
tators seated on low furniture cannot see the additional thickness of the cards. The double
card is constantly in motion, but always under the performer's control, giving you consid-
erable security.
Using the method just described, obtain a
left little-finger break under the top two
cards. Introduce a delay, as previously
described. Then bring the right hand over
the deck in end-grip position and grasp both
cards between the right thumb and middle
finger. Retract the left thumb as though it
were preparing to push over the top card,
and pull the double card to the right with the
right hand, the left thumb moving along with
the card. It should look as though you are
pushing the card over with the left thumb.

Pull the double card farther to the right, until

its left side reaches the right side of the deck
Then press the left thumb lightly against the
back of the double card, causing it to pivot
face up on the deck along the axis formed
by the right thumb and middle finger.

1.30 CARD COLLEGE

As soon as the double card is face up, square
it with the deck by moving the right thumb
and middle fingers to the right along their
respective ends of the cards. Just prior to
this, however, take a left little-finger break
under the double card. With your right hand,
draw attention to the face-up card, then turn
both cards face down by repeating the
actions just described.

THE DOUBLE LIFT, PART 1 131

 TRICKS WITH A DOUBLE LIFT

Rise and SWt1)1

This trick is based on an idea of the personable Swiss magician, Sven Maro, alias Fritz
Moser. 31 It is a logical and effective variation of a classic effect.

Effect
Two cards inexplicably change places. To do so, one card apparently travels from the center
of the deck to the top, then changes places with the other card, which a spectator has held
pressed against the table top the entire time.

Construction, Marwgement and Script

Take back the deck, which a spectator has just shuffled, and execute a double lift. Let's
assume the audience sees the King of Hearts. Put one spectator in charge of remember-
ing this card. Thrn both cards face down on the deck and place the top card-an indifferent
one-face down on the table. To the spectators, you have displayed, then tabled the King
of Hearts.
Execute a second double lift. Let's assume that this time you display the Six of Spades.
Replace the double card face down on the deck and deal the top card face down on the
table in front of someone. Ask this person to place a finger on the back of the card. The
spectators will think this is the Six of Spades, when in fact it is the King of Hearts.
Pick up the first tabled card. ''I wiU place the .. ."-hesitate, then look at the face of the
indifferent card as though you had forgotten the name of the first card you set aside, and
continue- "... King ofHearts somewhere in the center of the deck. "Insert the presumed
King of Hearts halfway into the deck from the outer end. ''The King, being a rrwst impor-
tant card, doesn't stay in the deck !mig, but rises immediately to the top." Push the card
all the way into the deck, riffle the outer end from bottom to top, then take the top card in
the right hand, without showing its face. '~nd when I snap it, it changes places with the
card under your fingers." Thrn the card face up and show the Six of Spades. The specta-
tor turns over the guarded card on the table and finds, to everyone's surprise but yours,
the King of Hearts.

Final Note
Naturally, it is best if the two cards dis- contrast. However, you can quickly look
played contrast well with each other. In through the deck and cut a contrasting
taking the shuffled deck from the spec- pair to positions second and third from
tator and proceeding directly with the the top without diminishing the effective-
effect, there is no guarantee of such a ness of the trick

132 CARD COLLEGE

 A card in Hand
This trick was a favorite of the influential American mentalist, Theodore Annemann, who
died much too young. 32 Don't be deceived by the simplicity of the procedure, as its effec-
tiveness with a lay audience leaves nothing to be desired.

Effect
The spectator chooses a card, which is then shuffled back into the deck The performer
shows another card, which the spectator freely inserts halfway into the deck, in an attempt
to locate the chosen card. Unfortunately, the performer's magical powers seem to have
failed. But ultimately, the card held by the spectator is found to have changed into the
chosen card!

Construction, Management and Script

Have a card chosen and remembered. Let's say it is the Jack of Hearts. Have the card
returned to the deck and secretly control it to the top.
Execute a double turnover to display an indifferent card apparently on top of the deck;
for example, the Ten of Spades. ''This card is going to help you to find your oum card
again. That makes more sense than me finding it, since I don't even know the name of
your card, let alone where it is in the deck. " Thrn toward the spectator who chose the
card, simultaneously turning the double card face down on the deck and handing the spec-
tator the top card (the selection!).
Have the spectator hold this card between a thumb (on the back) and index finger (on the
face) . Next ask that this card be inserted halfway into the deck at the location the spectator
thinks the chosen card will be found. During this procedure, caution the spectator not to
release the "locator card". Slowly riffle the front end of the deck to facilitate the insertion.
As soon as the card has been pushed in, separate the deck at that location and, with your
right hand, display the face card of the upper half. "Is that your card? No? There is one
other possibility: Perhaps it is the card underneath." Use the right hand's packet to flip
the top card of the left hand's packet sidewise and face up. "What? That's not your card
either? WeU, then, you wiU just have to peiform a bit of magic. "
Set the deck aside and ask your helper to name the chosen card, then to blow on the back
of the indicator card. When the spectator slowly turns the card over and shows it to
everyone, no one will look on it with more surprise than the person who has been holding
it the entire time!

THE DOUBLE Lrrr, PART 1 133

 CHAPTER 10

THE KEY CARD

''AU things are difficult until they become easy. "
Persian proverb
 A ke:y card is a card that leads the performer to the card a spectator has
chosen and replaced in the deck The key card may be directly above or below
the chosen card, or it may be a known distance away from it. Actually, you
have already been exposed to the key-card concept when you learned the
"whoops!" control (page 64).
Simply stated, the key card allows you to locate the spectator's card and learn
its identity. If necessary, the chosen card can then be controlled to a specific
location in the deck, using the techniques described in Chapter 4.
The handling of a key card may be divided into three phases:
First, identifying the ke:y card. This can be accomplished using a glimpse.
Two methods of glimpsing key cards will be taught in this chapter, and
another in the next (see page 157). More glimpses will be found in Chapter
23 (Volume 2). This phase is eliminated if you are working with a key card
that can be located by touch (a short, long or thick card, for example).
Second, setting the key card. This concerns placing the key card above, below
or at a known distance from the chosen card.
Third, the location, identification and possible control of the clwsen card.
Knowing the key card and its positional relationship to the chosen card allows
you to find the chosen card and place it wherever you desire it in the deck

136 CARD COLLEGE

 Key-card Placement
The following techniques place the key card above or below the spectator's card. We
assume in all cases that the identity of the key card is known. Detailed methods for obtaining
this knowledge are given in Chapter 23.

The Key Card in a Hand-to-hand Spread

The key card is on top of the deck Spread

the deck between your hands and have a
spectator remove and look at a card. As the
spectator notes the card, close the spread
and begin an overhand shuffle, using the left
thumb to pull off about half the deck in the
first shuffle action. IrUog the next card and
shuffle off. Form a break below the ir\jogged
card and adjust the deck to left-hand deal-
ing position. (See Check Point 2.)
The key card is just under the break. Spread
the cards between your hands and ask the
spectator to return the chosen card to the
deck As soon as you come to the key card,
place the pads of your right middle, ring and
little fingers onto the exposed right side of
the face of the card resting just above the
key card. Spread over three or four cards
more, then lift all the cards above the key
card about an inch. Open the spread only at
the outer end for the return of the selection
(the illustration shows the spectators' view).
When the spectator replaces the chosen
card, square the deck at the fingertips, or
dribble the cards from hand to hand or onto
the table, emphasizing the fairness of the
procedure. If the spectator, for whatever
reason, does not return the card to the
location offered, visually count the cards
between the key card and the selection and
remember this for the subsequent location.

THE KEY CARD 137

 Check Points
1. When forming a break above the key tatorto replace the card, it should open
card, in preparation for the return of only at the outer end. The cards remain
the selection, it can be very disarming together at the inner end. This helps to
to delay the formation of the break avoid the impression that the spread is
This delay strategy will be taught in split in two. In most cases, the specta-
connection with the classic force. See tor will swear the card was replaced
page 217. with complete freedom. This is what
2. When you open the spread for the spec- makes the technique so convincing.

Key Card in a Ribbon Spread

In this advanced and extremely convincing method, the spectator removes a card from a
tabled ribbon spread and apparently replaces it freely in the spread. Nevertheless, your
key card is directly above the chosen card.

Your key card is on the bottom of the deck

Ribbon spread the cards on the table from
left to right to have one chosen. Lean back
in a passive posture, gesturing toward the
center of the spread. Leaning back empha-
sizes the distance between you and the
cards, and physically communicates your
lack of influence over them. Gesturing
toward the center of the spread is an
important element in the structure of this
control and is repeated several times. The
illustration shows a view from the front.

Stop the spectator as soon as a card has

been pulled from the spread. Still leaning
back (emphasizing your distance and non-
participation), ask if the spectator would
like to change this card for another. It makes
no difference if the card is exchanged or not
Ultimately, a single card lies face down in
front of the ribbon spread. The preceding
serves to reinforce this image as strongly as
possible in the minds of the spectators. They
will remember this later.

138 CARD COLLEGE

Ask the spectator to note the card. Keep
your distance from the rest of the deck until
the spectators' attention has shifted to the
chosen card. Only then do you reassemble
the deck, holding it face down in left-hand
dealing position. Take the deck into right-
hand end grip and swing cut the upper half
into your left hand. Lower and extend this
hand for the replacement of the spectator's
card. Note the open position of the left hand,
expressing fairness and candor.

As soon as the chosen card has been

replaced, clearly and deliberately drop the
right hand's cards onto the left hand's packet
from a height of about eight inches. This
places the key card directly above the
chosen card. The replacement of the chosen
card is carried out with a swifter rhythm
than its selection, providing less time for it
to register visually, and emphasizing only
that the card is placed in the center of the
deck without the slightest manipulation.
Square the deck and ribbon spread it on the
table from left to right, just as you did prior
to the selection. Lean back, again emphasiz-
ing your distance from the cards, and allow
the image of the ribbon spread to register in
the spectators' minds. The next remarks
give time for this and remind the spectators
of what has happened so far: "You freely
rerrwved a cardjrom the deck . . ."-mimic
removing a card from the center of the
spread and nod your head-".. . showed it
to everyone ... "-pretend to show a card to
the audience and nod your head-"... and
finally replaced i t in the deck ... "-pretend
to replace the imaginary card into the center ''
of the spread and nod your head again. After
each statementJou nod your head and wait
for the spectator's acknowledgment. You
can now pick up the deck, then locate and
control the spectator's card using one of the
methods described below.

THE KEY CARD 139

 Check Points
1. In this description, I have especially 3. When you summarize the procedure at
stressed timing: emphasized and the end, you do so by making three
unemphasizedmoments, separated by statements. The first two are true and
pauses. (The Italian-American magi- will be willingly confinned by the spec-
cian Slydini was a master in the tator, both internally and verbally.
application of this technique.) I have This developes an atmosphere of
also emphasized the duration of the rapport, making it difficult for the
various steps relative to the entire pro- spectator to deny subsequent state-
cedure. You must devote more time to ments, provided they are not obviously
those elements that you want the spec- false. When you say, "... and finally
tators to remember, taking a more replaced it in the deck .. .'; you are
active stance. On the other hand, if you making a statement that is only partly
want a spectator to forget something, true, but one that will not be ques-
devote less time to it and take a passive tioned after the two completely correct
or neutral stance. This makes it diffi- statements that have just preceded it.
cult for anyone to reconstruct what Although it is true that the card is in
has happened, since they tend to the center of the deck, the spectator
remember only what you have empha- placed it where you wanted it and
sized. not- as implied by your pantomimed
2. Nodding the head is an old sales tech- actions-in the center of a ribbon
nique and subliminally invites the spread on the table. This deliberately
spectator to confirm your statements. and carefully crafted combination of
This is demonstrated expertly by the verbal and physical suggestions makes
Viennese magician Magic Christian in the control of the card puzzling even to
his lectures. experts.

Hold the deck in open dealing position in the

left hand Then grasp the cards in right-hand
end grip and dribble them onto the left palm.
The spectator is instructed to call stop at any
time as you dribble the cards again. Square
the cards and begin the second dribble, halt-
ing the instant the spectator calls stop.

140 CARD COLLEGE

wok at the spectator: ''Here? Good. There
are rww two possible clwices: Do you want
this card or this one here?" As soon as you
say, 'There are now two possible clwices,"
every spectator will understand that you
mean either the lowest card of the right
hand's packet or the top card of the left
hand's. Pause for two to three seconds,
giving the spectators time to make this
realization. You then say, ''Do you want this
card .. .'; as you tap your left middle finger
against the face of the bottom card of the
right hand's packet without showing it.
This draws the spectators' attention to the
right hand's packet. Pause. Automatically
the spectators will keep thinking and antici-
pate your next statement-after all, you
mentioned two possible choices. During the
pause their attention will automatically shift
to the left hand's packet. Fulfill their expec-
tations by tapping your right forefinger on
the top card of that packet: ".. . or this one
here?"In tapping the top card, the right hand
tilts forward for one second or less. This
brings its packet to a slightly inclined
position, so that you can glimpse the bottom
card.
Immediately bring the right hand's packet
back to a horizontal position and look at the
spectator. You have just glimpsed your key
card. If the spectator wants the lower card
of the right hand's packet, you already know
its name! Alternatively, if the other card is
desired, turn your head to one side and give
the spectator the top card of the left hand's
packet, asking that it be noted, then re-
placed on the packet. Drop the right hand's
cards onto the left hand's packet, turning
your head back and looking at the deck This
draws everyone's attention to it as you
carefully and fairly square the cards at the
fingertips. The key card now lies directly
above the chosen card.

THE KEY CARD 141

 Check Points
1. Both packets are held horizontally and packet now need be tipped only
below eye level throughout, with the slightly to allow you a quick and in-
exception of the brief moment neces- conspicuous glimpse of the bottom
sary for the glimpse. card.
2. The glimpse is easier if you hold both 3. Don't forget to turn your head aside
packets somewhat farther from your during the selection. This act adds con-
body than normal. The right hand's siderably to the deception.

IiJcallim, Identification and control

with a Key card
These techniques permit you to identify the spectator's card (what is the name of the card?)
and to locate it (where is it?). After this, the selection can be controlled to the top, the
bottom or elsewhere in the deck

Control in a Hand-to-hand Spread

Assume the key card is the Eight of Spades
and that it lies above the chosen card, the
Ace of Hearts, in the face-down deck.
Spread the cards face up between your
hands. When you come to the Eight of
Spades, place your left thumb on its face to
pull it inward, so that it is ir\jogged about an
inch in the spread. (The right ring and little
fingers can be used under spread to ir\jog
this card, if you prefer. See page 31 for
details.)

Spread through the rest of the deck, then

push the cards together in the left hand. The
Eight of Spades projects from the inner end
of the unsquared deck, which lies face up in
open dealing position on the left hand.

142 CARD COLLEGE

With your right hand, grasp the deck at its
right side and flip it over sidewise to bring
it face down in the left hand. This does not
affect the status of the ir\jogged card. Take
a break below the ir\jogged card (see page
31, "Forming a Little-frnger Break Under
Multiple Cards"), then overhand shuffle to
the break and throw the rest on top. This
brings the chosen card, the Ace of Hearts,
to the top. If necessary, it can then be
shuffled to the bottom.

Check Points
1. The pretext for spreading the cards 2. After turning the deck face down,
face up is dictated by the context of should the ir\jog, due to the unsquared
the particular trick For example, you status of the cards, not be clearly
might need to find and remove the four visible, a gentle shake of the wrist,
Aces, eliminate the Joker or simply sending the cards forward against the
show that the deck has fifty-two cards. left forefinger, will be found helpful.

Tahled Ribbon Spread Control

Ribbon spread the deck face up from left to
right on the table. The indices face you and
facilitate finding the key card. The card next
to it is the chosen card. Push the cards to-
gether. In doing so, place your left thumb on
the left side of the chosen card (or the one
above it) and ir\jog it slightly. Proceed as just
described in "Control in a Hand-to-hand
Spread" to place the card where you need it

Check Points
1. Should the card not be clearly visible, from the left hand's action.
tap the spread from left to right with TIP: Once you have mastered the spread
your hand, further spreading the cards. cull in Chapter 13 (page 187), you will
2. Use both hands to gather the cards, as use it almost exclusively when you
shown in the illustration. This is more need to control cards located with a
natural and it helps to draw attention key card.

THE KEY CARD 143

 Further Thoughts on the Key card
Shuffling with a Key Card
If you introduce this refinement, it looks as though you have thoroughly shuffled the deck
after the placement of the key card. Nevertheless, both cards remain together, permitting
a successful location later.
The key card lies above the chosen card. Generally, both are near the center of the deck
If not, it is only necessary to have a good idea of where they are.
Pick up the deck and begin an overhand shuffle. Shuffle off less than half the deck with
just a few throws. As you approach the estimated location of the key card, throw a block
of cards large enough to include the key card and the chosen card; then shuffle off the rest
of the deck The relative positions of the key card and chosen card are unaltered.

Letting the Spectator Shuffle with a Key Card

This subtlety can be introduced whenever you perform for a particularly skeptical audi-
ence or for fellow magicians. Thanks to a little-known fact, you can have a spectator shuffle
the deck after your key card is placed.
After positioning the key card next to the selection, give the deck to a spectator to shuffle,
and mime the actions of an overhand shuffle. This assures that the spectator will shuffle
in that fashion.
Laymen shuffle with four to five shuffle actions. It is unlikely for the key card to become
separated from the chosen card during this. To prevent more than one shuffle, extend your
palm-up left hand as soon as the shuffle begins, with the request, ''And please cut the deck
once on my palm." Emphasize once as though this had some special meaning. The request
diverts the spectator from a second shuffle, since there is now a second instruction to be
followed.

144 CARD COLLEGE

 TRICKS WITH A KEY CARD

A Phenomenal Memory
A version of this trick was shown to me by the Spanish card genius Juan Tamariz. He, in
turn, had seen it performed in Las Vegas by Jimmy Grippo. 33 Grippo's method is a
wonderfully simple solution to an effect called "Moe's Move a Card" by the American
enigma, "Moe" Seidenstein. 34 Perform this trick as though it were really a feat of prodigious
memory and, for those not in the know, no other explanation is possible.

Effect
The performer shuffles a chosen card back into the deck, then ribbon spreads it face up
on the table. He stares at the card spread for fifteen seconds, after which he turns away.
The spectator then moves the chosen card from its location in the spread to another part
of the spread. The performer looks at the cards again and notes the location from which
the card was removed. Finally he divines and locates the chosen card.

Construction, Marwgement and Script

This is most effective when performed after a discussion of memory. Of course, you can
always introduce the topic yourself: ''Ladies and gentlemen, I would rww like to offer, rwt
a card trick, but a feat ofmemory. As is well known, a good memory requires three things:
inteUigence, talent and . .. ummmm . .. I can't remember the third! It doesn't matter. Please
take a card from the deck." Here use the method explained under "Key Card in a Hand-to-
hand Spread" to have a card selected and replaced in the deck Briefly shuffle the deck
("Shuffling with a Key Card") and have a spectator give the cards a complete cut.
Ribbon spread the deck face up from left to right on the table as you explain, ''I wiU 1ww
attempt to memorize the order of the cards. And in less than fifteen seconds!" Someone
with a stop watch or a watch with a second hand is appointed "time keeper". This spectator
calls out ''Ready, set, go!" for you to start your study of the spread.
Now you must act as though you really are memorizing the order of the cards. Stare at
them and move your lips, mumbling the names of some of the cards. Also touch a few of
them with the tip of your right forefmger, moving from left to right, to reinforce the
impression that you are noting their order. In fact, you are looking for your key card and
noting the card to its left, which is the spectator's card. Here are a few convincing touches
given by Juan Tamariz: Now and then go back in the spread, as though double checking
certain combinations. If possible, note two or three cards lying together. When you reach
the key card, remember the two or three cards to the left of the chosen card, as well as
the chosen card itself-you will recite them later from memory. Be sure to look over the
entire spread within the fifteen-second limit you have imposed on yourself. If the key card
is not at the very end of the spread, you can claim that you didn't have time to memorize
the last few cards, but you'll take a chance that the chosen card is not among them.

THE KEY CARD 145

As soon as the time keeper tells you your time is up, look upward with relief-as though
you have just completed an extremely difficult act of memorization. Ask the spectator to
take the chosen card from the spread and replace it in any other part of the spread, mak-
ing sure that the selection is the only one moved. Tum away and do whatever you can to
convince the audience that you cannot see the spectator's actions. You may want to have
a second spectator closely watch your eyes, to ensure this. Before you turn back, have the
spectator straighten the cards in the spread, so that you cannot detect the locations from
which the card was removed or reinserted.
You now begin to build toward the climax. As you turn around, casually look at the spread
and note the top three or four cards. Looking at the spectator, you say, "I will try to
remember the order of the cards and to find the only card out ofplace. Let's see, it started
with the Ace of Hearts, the Seven of Clubs, the Three of Spades ... " These cards are the
ones you have just noted. Now turn your attention to the spread and remark, more to
yourself than to the audience, ''Yes, that's right. "Now begin to go through the cards quickly,
as though recalling them from memory. When you come to the block of two or three cards
that you memorized previously, look up again and recite their names out loud, ''Nine of
Hearts, Ace of Clubs . .. "Naturally, while going through the cards now you can spontane-
ously note several cards in a sequence, look up and name them as though they were
memorized earlier. Don't exaggerate, but try to act as you would if you really had memorized
the order of the cards. By now you'll have located the chosen card. If it is placed in the
spread before the key card, pass over it but hesitate slightly, as though something seems
out of place. If you reach the key card first, hesitate, look up and recite the cards before
and after the key card. Look again at these cards, and call out suddenly, ''Hold it, a card is
missing here!" Go to the place in the spread where the chosen card is located and stare
for a few seconds at that area Then announce, ''Here there is one card too many. It is the
King of Hearts-and that is the card you moved!"

Final Notes
1. Recently, on a popular German tele- spectator. In that case, a key card is not
vision game show, one contesta;nt necessary and the spectator can
successfully memorized five shuffled shuffle the deck As long as you don't
decks in thirty minutes. You can use forget the force card, nothing can go
this incident to create a topical pres- wrong.
entation for this trick, in which you 3. Performed properly, many spectators
will, of course, point out that you only will be convinced that what they have
take fifteen seconds to do the job. seen really is a feat of memory. Don't
2. The samepresentation may be used if disillusion them.
the chosen card is simply forced on the

146 CARD COLLEGE

 Your Number-Your card
This is said to have been one of the pet effects of the famous American magician Paul
Rosini. 35 Rosini particularly e{\joyed performing it for fellow magicians, who were invariably
baffled by it. I am convinced that you will have a similar experience once you learn the
secret and apply it with understanding.

Effect
The magician divines a card merely thought of by someone. That person shuffles the deck
before and after thinking of the card-and in doing so contributes to an apparently
impossible occurrence.

Construction, Marwgement and Script

Hand the deck to someone with the request that the cards be thoroughly shuffled and cut.
Once this is done, the spectator is asked to set the deck on the table and cut it into four
approximately equal packets. You explain, ''Please think over carefuUy which of the fo?D"
packets you wish to pick up. " Following your instructions, the spectator picks up one of
the packets and shuffles it again. ''Look at the Jcices of the cards and think ofjust one of
them. Don't show it to anyone, and hold its image in your mind." While this task is
accomplished, the performer turns away, ensuring that the eventual location will be even
more impossible than it already seems. "And when you have a card in mind, shuffle the
packet thoroughly to make sure that your thought-of card is hopelessly lost. "The spectator
is then instructed to set the packet back on the table. These starting conditions are very
clear and will provoke some head-shaking.
''This trick is so impossible, many people claim afterward that the card was never in
the deck. I therefore ask you to confirm that nothing has happened to your card yet. "Ask
the spectator to pick up the packet containing the thought-of card and to hold it face down .
''Please look at each card individuaUy and remember the position at which yoU?· card
lies from the top."
To comply with this, the spectator is care-
fully told to deal the cards one at a time face
up into a pile on the table. Demonstrate
what you wish done by picking up one of the
other packets, holding it face down in left-
hand dealing position, and dealing single
cards face up into a pile. Do this with a few
cards. As soon as you sense that the spec-
tator lrnows what to do, reassemble your
packet, square it, give it a quick shuffle and
replace it on the table. The spectator begins
to deal, placing the first card face up on the
table. As soon as this card is dealt, turn
away, having noted it. Assume it to be the
Three of Hearts. This is your key card.

THE KEY CARD 147

''When you've done this, turn all the cards face down again and return the packet to its
place. Please reassemble the deck by gathering the four packets in any order. "Thrn around
as you say this and make sure that the spectator does not accidentally (or purposely!)
shuffle the deck
To negate the thought that you might find the card based on its position, as noted by the
spectator (which is exactly what you will do!), have the spectator give the deck a single
cut. (In Chapter 17, Volume 2, you will learn several false shuffles that retain the entire
order of the deck You can then insert one of those shuffles here, if you like.) You could at
this point have several spectators give the deck a cut, as straight cuts will not disturb the
relative positions of the key card and the thought-of card.
''I shall now attempt to read your thoughts-of course l'U limit myself to only those
concerning your card. Don't worry, l'U keep the rest to myself." Saying this, you spread
through the deck with the cards facing you, until you reach your key card, the Three of
Hearts. Cut the deck to bring the Three sixth from the face of the deck; then hold the deck
face down in left-hand dealing position. "Yes, I think I know your card. By the way, what
was the position you noted?" This, of course, is the key question, and for that very reason
you should try to minimize its apparent importance. The spectator's answer determines
how you proceed.
From this point on the effect could be renamed "The Trick That Cannot be Explained", a la
Dai Vernon's famous creation. 36 Naturally, there are several special cases that make the
location of the selection so easy as to raise it to the miracle class. If, for example, the spec-
tator says that the card was first in the packet, then you know it is your key card. You can
shuffle the deck again and verbally divine the card. If the card was sixth, it is now the face
card of the deck; if seventh, it is the top card. If fifth, you can produce it using a glide, if
eighth you can show it with a double lift. These special cases happen more often than you
might think.
Wherever the card is, you can find it with an overhand shuffle. Assume the spectator said
that the card was twelfth. You know immediately that the card is now sixth from the top
of the deck Begin an overhand shuffle by running the first six cards, ir\jogging the sev-
enth and shuffling off the rest of the deck Form a break below the jog and shuffle off to
the break, throwing the remaining six cards on top. The thought-of card is now the top
card of the deck
Once you have the card in the desired position, you can produce it or name it, whichever
will create the maximum effect. No matter how you conclude the trick, it is unquestion-
ably one of the best in the think-of-a-card category and provides good opportunities for
you to learn to think on your feet.

FirtdlNote
Naturally, there are an infinite nuinber of thought-of cardto the twelfth position
ways to bring the preceding effect to a fromthetopanduse"TheShamusCard"
proper conclusion. Often I'll bring the climax (page 80) to produce the card.

148 CARD COLLEGE

 rhot Echo
This effect introduces the key-card principle in a very clever way and requires absolutely
no technical skill. In other words, it is self-working. It is the creation of the ingenious
American amateur magician Sam Schwartz. 37 The trick provides a perfect example of how
meticulous construction, a clever script and a brilliant method can thoroughly deceive even
the most experienced experts-to say nothing of the public!

Effect
Someone is invited to cut the deck into three approximately equal packets, then select two
cards under the fairest conditions, shuffling each packet thoroughly before and after the
cards are chosen. It seems impossible for the magician to fmd the cards under such
circumstances-but he does.

Preparation
Bring the thirteen spade cards to the top of
the deck and arrange them in numerical
order, with the Ace on top, followed by the
TWo, then the Three, etc. The King of Spades
is thirteenth from the top. Having done this,
place eleven indifferent cards on top of this
stack, making the Ace of Spades the twelfth
card from the top. You are now ready to
11 indifferent cards
begin this extraordinary location trick

Construction, Management and Script

Place the deck, arranged as described, face

down in front of a person who seems able
to follow instructions. Ask that about a third
of the cards be cut off the top and set down
to the (spectator's) right of the deck In our
description, this top third will be referred to
as Packet A.

Next the spectator cuts off the upper half

from the remainder of the deck and sets it
to the left. This, formerly the center third,
will be referred to as Packet B, while the
original bottom third, now lying between
Packets A and B, will be Packet C.

THE KEY CARD 149

Point to Packet A and explain, ''This is the original top of the deck. If I asked you to look
at its top card, you might later claim that I k:new it beforehand." Point to Packet C and
continue: ''This is the original bottom of the deck, and it is conceivable that I might know
some of its cards." Finally, point to Packet B. "But this packet comes from the center of
the deck, which you yourself cut, right? So there is no way I could know how many cards
it has, or which cards are on the top or the bottom. Am I right?" Wait for an affinnation
after each question. The spectator is then told to look at and remember the top card of
Packet B, and to show it to several nearby spectators. Have the card replaced anywhere
in Packet B, then ask the spectator to shuffle these cards thoroughly and replace the packet
on the table when satisfied that the cards in the packet are hopelessly mixed.
If the spectator cut three approximately equal packets, the lower portion of the spade stock
will initially be on top of Packet B. Thus, the card noted by the spectator will be the lowest
value spade in the packet.
Point to Packet A, reminding the spectator that this was the original top third of the deck,
and that you might know the identity of the top card. To circumvent this possibility, the
spectator is asked to pick up the packet and shuffle it thoroughly. "Now please look at and
remember the new top card, which your shuffle has mndornly brought to that location."
After noting the card, the spectator replaces it on top of the packet and returns these cards
to their original location on the table. Proceed by giving the spectator the following
instructions:
"Please pick up the packet in the middle
[Packet C], origirw11y the bottom third of
the deck. Since I might know some of those
cards, please shuffle the packet thoroughly.
Now I can't know how many cards are in
this packet, since you cut it yourself; nor
B
can I know the positions ofany cards in it,
since you shuffled it yourself. Please place
this packet on top of the packet on your
right [Packet A], hopelessly burying the
A
second card you looked at in the deck. "
Finally, have Packet B placed on top of the
other two packets, reassembling the deck.
If it seems desirable-and appropriate-you can quickly review the fair manner in which
both cards were chosen and lost in the deck. In any case, emphasize that the spectator
shuffled each packet. Then pick up the deck and fan it with the faces of the cards toward
you. You are looking first for the lowest value spade in the top third of the deck. This is
the first card the spectator noted. Let's assume it is the Six of Spades. Place it face down
on the table in front of the spectator.
To find the second card, you must add ten to the value of the tabled spade. In our example,
this would yield sixteen. The sixteenth card from the face of the deck is the second card
the spectator noted Take it out of the deck and table it face down next to the first card.
Ask the spectator to name both selections. After a brief pause, turn the two cards face up-
they are the two cards just named!

ISO CARD COLLEGE

 Final Notes
1. Of course, you can use two spectators, use serve to divert the spectators'
having each think ofa card, rather than thoughts along specific paths, eliminat-
putting the entire burden on one per- ing from the outset possible solutions
son. With a large audience, this is and forcing the spectators to conclude
preferable. that what they have just experienced is
2. You can use the script just as itis given absolutely impossible. And isn't that
here. 'This is how I always present this the goal of magic, to evoke in the minds
trick. You may think the script is too of your spectators a sense of the
confusing and that you could present impossible, perhaps even, of the mi-
it with fewer words. But the words I raculous?

THE KEY CARD 151

 CHAPTER 11
HINDu SHUFFLE
TECHNIQ1JE
'The great art includes much that the small art excludes 0 0 0"

Oscar W. Firkins
 The Hindu shuffle is basically a teclmical variation of the overhand shuffle.
It may look slightly unnatural to spectators when they first see it, although
in some countries it is considered a normal and legitimate method of shuffling.
But it will sometimes be advisable to justify the shuffle in the context of a
routine with a witticism or gag. We'll discuss this further in the trick
descriptions; but first, I will describe the basic technique and several
interesting teclmical applications.

154 CARD COLLEGE

 The Hindu s11+
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position;
then, with the right hand, grasp it from
above, thumb on the left side near the inner
end, middle and ring fingers on the right
side. Place the right little finger on the inner
end of the deck near the inner right corner
to keep the cards under control there. Simul-
taneously lift the deck to the left fingertips,
as shown in the illustration (a view from the
front).

Begin the shuffle by pulling a block of cards

from the top with the left thumb and middle
finger. The left ring finger can assist in this,
but the left little finger plays no part in pull-
ing off cards. Move only the left hand,
keeping the right hand stationary through-
out the shuffle.

Continue to pull the cards forward with the

left hand until the inner end of the upper
packet passes the outer end of the lower
packet. Release the left fingers' grip, allow-
ing the removed packet to land on the left
palm while the fingers remain raised high
around it. The left index finger keeps the
cards from sliding forward and out of the
hand.

HINDu SHUFFLE TECHNIQUE 155

 Now the left outer phalanges are free to pull
another block of cards from the top of the
deck onto the cards in the left hand, which
they do. Continue this until all the right
hand's cards are gone. Generally, this is
accomplished in eight to ten shuffle actions,
but the shuffle can be shortened by pulling
off larger blocks.

Check Points
1. For the initial shuffle action, the block move away from the body than to have
of cards being pulled off the deck is the right hand move toward it. Second,
held by the left middle and ring fingers because this handling of the shuffle is
just below the finger pads, and by the clearer for the spectators, who can see
outer phalanx of the thumb on the which packets go where. This is true of
opposite side. For the subsequent practically all Hindu shuffle tech-
shuffle actions, however, the blocks niques.
contact the outer joint of the thumb 3. Don't forget the position of the right
instead of the outer phalanx. little finger. It acts as a stop in picking
2. I want to emphasize once more, that up the deck with the right hand. This
you move only the left hand, keeping ensures that the other fingers immedi-
the right hand still. First, because it is ately and automatically find their
more elegant to have the left hand proper positions.

156 CARD COLLEGE

 climysif!5 the Botfmn card
with a Hindu slmffie
Begin a Hindu shuffle. After a few shuffle
actions, use the right hand's packet to tap
the left hand's cards square. Do this by first
turning the right hand so its palm faces you.
The deck will form an angle of seventy to
eighty degrees with respect to the horizon.
Tap the inner end of the left hand's cards
against the outer end of the right hand's
packet, obviously squaring them. As this is
being done, you can glimpse the outer right
index of the bottom card of the right hand's
packet.
To bring the glimpsed card to the top, take
a right thumb break above the bottom card
before beginning the shuffle. This is done as
follows: Bring the cards to the left fingertips
as is usual at the start of the shuffle. The
right hand at this point controls the deck,
allowing the left thumb to separate the
bottom card from the deck, using a light
touch, along the lower left edge. This break
is immediately transferred to the right
thumb and the shuffle is begun. It is now a
simple matter to glimpse the bottom card
during the shuffle, then shuffle off to it,
letting it fall last on top of the left hand's
cards.

Placif!5 a~ card
with a HindU slmffie
The spectator has chosen a card and is ready to return it to the deck Begin a Hindu shuffle,
glimpsing the bottom card after a few shuffle actions. Continue the shuffle, then extend
the left hand's packet for the return of the chosen card. Once the spectator has placed the
card on top of the packet, toss the right hand's cards on top of it. This places the key card
directly over the spectator's.

HINDU SHUFFLE TECHNIQUE 157

The above handling is very easy and you will be able to perform it inunediately, provided
you have mastered the basic technique of a Hindu shuffle. I will, therefore, now describe
an extension and refinement of this technique.
Begin the Hindu shuffle as before, glimpse the bottom card, continue shuffling a bit more
and have the spectator replace the chosen card on the left hand's packet. Now, instead of
simply tossing the right hand's packet onto the left hand's cards, continue shuffling by first
pulling off the lowermost cards of the right hand's packet with the left thumb and middle
finger; then shuffle off the rest of the right hand's stock normally. Further details and the
illustrations of this sequence will be found in the following Hindu shuffle technique.

The Hindu shuffie Force

The Hindu shuffle provides you with a simple and practical card force. One advantage of
this method is that it does not require the spectators to remove cards from the deck This
allows those seated farther away to participate, which is particularly advantageous in a
parlor-style performance, and is one of the reasons this technique is so often used.

The force card is on the bottom of the deck

Begin a Hindu shuffle, but pull off a block of
cards from the bottom of the deck rather
than the top on the first shuffle action.
This is accomplished by forming a "furmel"
with the left thumb and middle finger and
squeezing the right and left edges of the
bottom cards into it. (This illustration and
the next show views from the front.) For
misdirection, look directly at a spectator and
ask this person to call stop anytime as you
shuffle through the cards.

Continue with a few regular Hindu shuffle

actions, but stop before the spectator says
anything and display the face of the bottom
card as you explain, ''l'U ask you to remem-
ber the bottom card wherever you stop me."

158 CARD COLLEGE

Return the right hand's cards to the horizon-
tal plane and continue the shuffle and
explanation by again pulling a few cards
from the bottom, followed by a few regular
shuffle actions, then a second display that
shows the new bottom card. 'This may be
repeated several times. Each time cards are
pulled from the bottom, look at the specta-
tor and say something like ''Wherever you
call stop wiU yield a different card. "

Go through the entire deck once in this explanatory phase. Should the spectator call stop
during the explanation, point out that you are only explaining the procedure that will be
used in a moment to choose one card from the entire deck.
Begin a second Hindu shuffle and stop where the spectator commands. Display the bottom
card of the right hand's packet to the audience: your force card. You can now place all the
cards remaining in the right hand onto the left hand's packet, completing the sequence.
Or, if you wish, you can introduce an additional subtlety as follows: Mter displaying the
force card, continue the Hindu shuffle, but begin it by pulling a small block of cards from
the bottom of the right hand's stock. Mter a few regular shuffle actions, display the new
bottom card. 'This may be repeated several times until the right hand's packet is exhausted.
As you do this, you point out, ''Had you stopped me here or here, the card would have
been quite different. "

Check Points
1. Pulling the cards from the bottom is no who are not misdirected and look
more difficult than pulling them from unswervingly at the deck.
the top. It is important, however, that 3. The initial, explanatory shuffle should
as you do so you look at the spectators be performed somewhat more slowly
and make a pertinent remark to mis- and clearly than the subsequent one, in
direct their attention. which the card is forced. 'This compels
2. The cards must be pulled from the bot- the spectator to concentrate on calling
tom with no break in the rhythm from out stop rather than noting that the bot-
a normal shuffle. 'This will render the tom card has been there from the
maneuver deceptive even for those outset

HINDU SHUFFLE TECHNIQUE 159

 Hindu sh+ card controk
The Hindu shuffle technique allows you to control one or more cards, bringing them to
the top. It will seem more natural if the cards that are to be controlled with the Hindu shuffle
have also been chosen in the course of such a shuffle: Have the spectator call stop as you
perform the shuffle. The spectator then takes the top card of the shuffled-off packet and
you proceed directly to one of the control techniques.

ControUing a Single Card

Have a spectator choose a card. Begin a

fresh Hindu shuffle, shuffling off about half
the deck Have the spectator place the selec-
tion on top of the shuffled-off packet. In the
illustration, X indicates the chosen card. If
desired, the spectator can determine this
location by calling stop in the course of the
shuffle.

Proceed with the next shuffle action, which

brings the right hand's packet over the left's.
With the right thumb and ring finger, contact
the sides of the topmost cards of the left
hand's packet near the inner comers and lift
them slightly.

Proceed with the shuffle, taking the cards

separated from the top of the left hand's
packet under the right hand's packet, but
maintaining a break with the right thumb
above the stolen cards. Shuffle off to the
break and, as your last shuffle action, drop
the stolen packet on top. You have just con-
trolled the spectator's card to the top.

160 CARD COLLEGE

 Check Points
\
1. Before the spectator replaces the selec- 2. As you steal the small packet, look at
tion, square the left hand's packet by the spectators and say something like
tapping the outer end of the right "Please don't forget your card." This
hand's cards against the inner end of momentary distraction helps to hide
the left's packet. the teclmique.

ControUing Multiple Cards

There are many good tricks in which several cards are chosen and must then be controlled
to specific locations in the deck Most multiple-card controls, often referred to simply as
multiple controls or more specifically multiple shifts, are teclmically demanding and
require years of experience with a deck of cards.
The Hindu-shuffle-based teclmique described below is distinguished by its remarkable
simplicity. If you have mastered the Hindu shuffle and the single-card control, the follow-
ing teclmique will present no difficulties.
Let's say that three cards have been chosen. Stait a Hindu shuffle, shuffling off about one
third of the deck, and have the first spectator replace the chosen card onto the shuffled-
off packet.
Proceed with the shuffle, stealing off the top few cards of the left hand's packet as described
in the control for a single card.
Shuffle off until about half the deck is in your left hand, then pause again for the return of
the second selection, but let the stolen packet in the right hand fall onto the left hand's
packet after the last shuffle action. Have the second spectator's card replaced on the left
hand's packet. It is now directly above the first chosen card.
Proceed with the shuffle again, stealing off the top few cards from the left hand's packet
as before. Repeat the above sequence for the return of the third selection, having it replaced
onto the other two. Steal the top cards from the left hand's packet a final time and shuffle
off, letting the stolen cards drop onto the deck as the final shuffle action. This brings the
three chosen cards to the top in reverse order, all with a single shuffle. If you require the
cards to be on top in the order they were chosen, simply have the third card replaced first,
followed by the second, then the first.

HINDU SHUFFLE TECHNIQUE 161

 TRICKS WITH THE
HINDU SHUFFLE TECHNIQ_UE

rhe•card
Effect
The perlormer displays a mysterious card bearing arcane symbols. This is the Magus Card.
The hieroglyphs on the card instruct a spectator to cut the deck in a particular fashion;
and, on the spectator making the final cut instructed, a previously chosen card is revealed.
Slowly the performer turns over the Magus card-and its face is that of a normal card-
one that matches the spectator's selection!

Preparation
In addition to a deck of cards, you will need
a card from a deck with a contrasting back
design. Using a fine-tipped permanent-ink
marker, draw several hieroglyphs on the
back of this card. You can use the symbols
shown in the illustration or find others, but
take care to use genuine hieroglyphs and not
just some imaginary images.

Once prepared, this card can be carried in your wallet and you will always be ready to
perform the effect, provided a corresponding deck of cards is available. Let's assume that
the Magus Card is the Ace of Clubs. If you follow the whims of a perlectionist, you will
want to contact a magic dealer and obtain an Ace of Clubs with a blank back from which
to make your Magus Card.

Construction, Management and Script

During the course of the previous effect, or at its conclusion, bring the Ace of Clubs to the
top of the deck, then set the deck on the table.
Remove the Magus Card from your wallet and display its back while letting no one see its
face. 'This is an exact reproduction ofa playing cardfound in an ancient Egyptian tomb.
The original was drawn on a stiffpiece ofpapyrus shaped like a playing card. The sym-
bols have been passed from magician to magician for generations and each generation
places the symbols on a card from its own time. In this effect, I shall demonstrate the
power of the Magus Card. Why it is called that I am not at liberty to reveal."
Pick up the deck and hold it face down in left-hand dealing position. Catch a left little-finger
break under the top card, then place the Magus Card on the deck and execute a triple cut

162 CARD COLLEGE

to bring the top two cards to the bottom. To all appearances you have lost the Magus Card
in the deck
Using the Hindu shuffle, force the bottom card of the deck on a spectator, employing all
the subtleties described earlier. The Hindu shuffle is particularly well suited for this effect,
as it allows a card to be forced without exposing its relationship to the Magus card. After
showing the card on the face of the right hand's packet to the audience, place the these
cards onto those in the left hand. If you wish, give the deck a face-up overhand shuffle,
but take care not to separate the Magus Card from the forced selection.
''The Magus Card Jw,s always had the power to solve mysteries. Right now, the name of
your card and its position in the deck are mysteries to me. "Spread the deck face down
between your hands until you reach the Magus Card. Split the deck at this spot and deposit
the Magus Card face down on the table. Place the left hand's cards onto the right's to bring
the Ace of Clubs to the top of the deck The Magus Card has served as an "open" key card
to locate the selection.
''The Magus Card wiU teU us how to find
your card. " Appear to read the "instruc-
tions" on the back of the Magus Card. From
these the spectator is told to cut off two-
thirds of the deck and place it to your right ...

... then to complete the cut, turning the bot-

tom third ninety degrees when placing it
onto the other two-thirds. [
Next the spectator is told to cut off two-
thirds of the deck again, this time to your
left ...

. . . and to complete the cut by placing the

bottom third onto the other packets.

Now, through your interpretation of the

Magus Card, instruct the spectator to cut off
the top two packets and set them to the right
while turning them ninety degrees.

Finally, you command your apprentice mage to place the remaining packet onto the other
two and square the deck
''According to the Magus Card, the series of cuts that you yourself have carried out /w,s
brought your card to the top of the deck. If so, then great happiness will be yours for the
rest of your life." Ask the spectator to name the card, then to turn over the top card of the
deck-it is the chosen card!

HINDu SHUFFLE TECHNIQUE 163

After a brief pause, ask, ''Do you know how the Magus Card knew that?" Look porten-
tously at each of the spectators, then slowly and silently tum the Magus Card face up.

Final Notes
1. .T he face of the Magus Card should be for spectators who have seen it before
instantly recognizable. I have sug- and may still remember the name of
gested the Ace of Clubs because- the previously chosen card.
unlike court cards-it is nearly iden- 3. The script can be delivered with total
tical in every deck Naturally, under seriousness. Few will believe it, but no
certain circumstances, and if you are one will be completely certain. If you
p~rforming with your own deck, a card
don't favor this mystical approach, use
with obvious symbolic meaning, such Chinese or Arabic symbols instead of
as the Ace of Hearts, may be used hieroglyphs and accompany the effect
2. If you carry several Magus Cards in with an amusing story.
your wallet, you can perform the effect

The Lucky card

Effect
The spectator finds a previously selected card with the help of a lucky card, but has no
idea how. Both the spectator's card and the subsequently chosen lucky card are genuinely
free selections.

Construction, Marwgement and Script

A card is freely selected by having the spectator call stop in the course of a Hindu shuffle.
After the card is shown, you control it to the top with another Hindu shuffle as previously
described.
''Everyone has a lucky card, even if he doesn't know it. "Thrn the deck face up and begin
a Hindu shuffle, instructing the spectator to call stop. Indicating the top card of the face-
up packet in your left hand, say, ''That, then, is your lucky card. Did you know that?"

With the help of the right hand's packet, flip

the lucky card over sidewise, so that it lands
face down on the left hand's packet and
projects forward about an inch. Drop the
right hand's cards on top of the left's.

164 CARD COLLEGE

Tum the left hand palm down and again
draw attention to the spectator's lucky card.
Then ribbon spread the deck face down
from left to right on the table, saying, "You
apparently chose any card, which we have ~~' ..
turned face up apparently anywhere in the '
deck. I say apparently because in fact we
are dealing with your lucky card. And I
think you have been very lucky." Push the
lucky card and the card to its immediate left
out of the spread. Then turn the face-down
card face up. It is the chosen card. What a
coincidence!

Final Notes
1. This trick lasts only about a minute and controlling and placing the relevant
is ideal as an ice breaker, leading into cards. This consistency gives a coher-
a longer routine. ence to the procedure that causes the
2. Note how the Hindu shuffle is used somewhat unusual handling of the
consistently throughout: selecting, deck to become accepted as natural.

HINDU SHUFflE TECHNIQUE 165

 CHAPTER 12
FWURISHES, PART 1
"He wlw does not try, knows not what he can do."
Publilius Syrus
F1ourishes are essentially overt teclmiques in the service of showmanship. The "card tricks"
of stage manipulators often consist largely of flourishes, such as one- and two-handed fans,
springing and cascading the cards, tossing a ribbon of cards into the air and catching it
again, throwing and catching individual cards like boomerangs. There are also flourish
effects, such as the bare-handed production of single cards or even fans of cards, the
diminishing and expanding of cards, etc.
The distinction between flourishes and flourish effects is critical for the close-up card
worker. F1ourish effects will not be taught in this book By "flourish effects" I mean those
manipulations producing a magical result and having choreographic or resthetic preten-
sions, but insufficient theatrical substance. They generally have almost no dramatic plot,
although they provoke astonishment in a magical sense. Their effectiveness is based
primarily and often exclusively on their visual attributes, in contrast to the more usual card
effects, which-no matter how short-are built around a more complex plot with
dramatically structured interactions.
F1ourishes proper, on the other hand, showcase the performer's skill, whether at the table
or on the stage. The goal is not to mystify by performing something inexplicable, but to
handle the cards in an unusual, yet resthetically pleasing manner. F1ourishes serve not only
to underscore the performer's skill, but also to create psychological and dramatic accents
in the course of the routine.
Many competent performers have expressed their opinions on the use of flourishes,
resulting in three basic schools of thought on the subject. At one extreme are those who
maintain that the performer should handle the cards clumsily, so that the subsequent trick
appears as miraculous as possible. With no apparent skill involved, it can only have been
accomplished by magic. At the other extreme are those who believe this is nonsense and
that the performer should appear as skillful as possible, dazzling the spectators with
displays of manipulative bravura. Between these two extremes lies a third school, which
follows the philosophy of naturalness championed by Dai Vernon, universally and respect-
fully known as the "Professor". This school teaches that the cards should be handled so as
not to arouse suspicion. Above all, they should be handled neatly and nonchalantly, with
the ease and casualness that defines the true master. Doesn't one expect a violin virtuoso
to hold the violin securely and guide the bow precisely, with complete ease and confidence?
A discretely introduced flourish, such as the dribbling of the cards after the return of a
selection to the deck, helps to underscore the fairness of the procedure. Using Charlier's
one-handed cut (which I'll teach shortly) in a humorous fashion -performing it just as you
ask the spectator to cut the cards, then saying, 'Thank you, that's erwugh, "-adds situa-
tion comedy to the performance. An unusual way of turning a face-down card face up to
reveal the chosen card can strengthen the effect. Using an elegantly made fan to display
the cards as all different imbues the handling with an resthetic quality.
This chapter gathers together a number of relatively easy flourishes. They give the impres-
sion of above-average dexterity and-properly applied-can make an effect considerably
more memorable and impressive for an audience. Introduce them into your performances
with care and intelligence, and they will contribute disproportionately to your success.

168 CARD COLLEGE

 Turni~ over the roy card I

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position

and, with your left thumb, push the top card
to the right. Place your right index finger on
the face of the card and the right middle fin-
ger on its back, near the inner right corner.

Push down with the middle finger and up

with the index finger, while releasing the left
thumb's pressure. Doing this turns the card
face up almost automatically; and it can then
be gripped for display between the right
thumb and middle finger.
Should you wish to return the card face
down onto the deck, simply continue the
rotation of the card by turning the right hand
palm down and softly depositing the card
face down onto the deck

fLoURISHES, PART 1 169

 Turni115 over the Toy card n
This one-handed technique for turning over the top card is a flourish devised by Dai Vernon.
It is useful when, for example, you are already holding a card in the right hand and you
want to turn both cards over simultaneously.

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position

and press with the left index finger against
its right side. At the same time, use the left
thumb to push the top card to the right, so
that it slides over the nail of the index finger.
lnunediately curl the outer phalanges of the
middle, ring and little fingers onto the right
edge of the extended card.
Release the thumb's grip and press down
with the middle, ring and little fingers as you
extend the index finger. This flips the card
face up and it ends up gripped between the
outer phalanges of the index and middle
fingers. By adjusting the positions of these
fingers, you can bring the card to a vertical
position, so that it can be seen by spectators
seated at a distance. If you are also holding
a card in the right hand, you can turn it over
simultaneously using the same technique.
By repeating this procedure several times, you can count cards from the left hand into the
right in a rather eccentric, but effective manner.

170 CARD COLLEGE

 Turnif!5 over the Toy card III
This flourish is of unknown origin and was shown to the famous American "carclician"
Edward Marlo by a ship's cook. 38

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position

and use the left thumb to push the top card
to the right for about half its width. Bring the
right hand under the card and place the back
of the right thumb against the face of the
card, as shown in this transparent view.

Thrust the right thumb upward and to the

left. The card will pivot swiftly face up be-
tween the thumbs. As soon as this happens,
place your right index finger on its back and
grip it between the right thumb and index
finger. Then place the card on the table. This
method can also be used to count cards.

FWURJSHES1 PART 1 171

 The Charlier cut
Although this cut can be used as a one-handed pass-that is, a secret cut not intended to
be seen by the spectators-it is described here as a visible flourish. It is the invention of
the nineteenth century enigma, Charlier. 39

Begin with the deck in left-hand dealing

position, then acljust the fingers to straddle
dealing position. Next curl the index finger
underneath and press upward, bringing the
deck into the position shown.

Release the lower half of the deck from the

thumb. Guided by the index finger, this
packet falls onto the palm. Now move the
pad of the index finger onto the face of the
bottom card, near the outer right index cor-
ner. Also note the position of the little finger
at the inner end.

With the index finger, press the lower packet

up against the thumb. This causes the right
side of this packet to slide along the face of
the upper half until the packets separate. At
,-(f that moment the unsupported upper half
falls onto the curled outer phalanx of the left
index finger.

172 CARD COLLEGE

With your thumb, push the former bottom
half over to the right and down as you move
the index finger to the outer end and the
little finger to the right side. You should now
be holding a squared deck in normal left-
hand dealing position.

Check Points
1. Note the exact position of each finger. 2. By beginning and ending the sequence
The little finger in particular selVes to with the deck innormal dealing posi-
keep the cards from sliding out of the tion, the cut will not only be efficient,
hand during the flourish. but also pleasing to watch.

The Swivel cut

The swivel cut is the creation of the American vaudeville legend, Nate Leipzig. 40 It is a two-
handed flourish that, as you will see in subsequent chapters, has many possible applications
to trick techniques.

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position.

Then take the deck into right-hand end grip.
Immediately place the tip of the left index
finger against the inner end of the deck

FWURISHES, PART 1 173

 Lift the upper half of the deck slightly with
the left index finger and begin to pivot this
packet to the left and forward in a clockwise
arc. If the right thumb had been holding a
break, the cards above the break could be
pivoted by the index finger.

Continue the clockwise pivoting of the

upper half, using the right middle finger as
an axis, until the cards have swiveled a
hundred and eighty degrees; that is, end for
end. As a consequence of this action, the left
hand naturally turns palm up as it carries the
packet outward. Once the hands and cards
have reached the position shown in the
illustration, let the rotated packet fall into
left-hand dealing position. Toss the right
hand's cards onto the left hand's packet and
square the deck.

174 CARD COLLEGE

 The Boomerall5 card
In this flourish, a card is spun into the air and returns like a boomerang to the hand that
threw it. The flourish is especially well suited for a card transformation or when one card
is magically split into two (see Check Point 2).

Begin with the deck in left-hand dealing

position. Take the top card by its outer end
into the right hand as shown in this transpar-
ent view. (The illustrations will only show
the right hand's action.) Especially note the
position of the index finger's pad on the
outer left comer of the card.

Move the right hand sharply outward at a

forty-five degree angle relative to the hori-
zon. Then pull the hand back with a slight
but well-defined snap as you release the
card. At the very instant you let go of it, curl
the right index finger inward to set it spin-
ning.

)
Depending on the strength of the toss, the
card will sail one yard or farther outward
before returning to your hand on a slightly
lower trajectory.

FWURJSHES1 PART 1 175

 Check Points
1. Both the angle of the toss ( approxi- 3. This technique provides wonderful
mately forty-five degrees) and the physical misdirection for the left hand.
curling in of the right index finger are You can use this hand to reverse the
critical to the success of this flourish. top card (see Chapter 24, Volume 2, on
2. If the flourish is executed with two "Reverses") or you can ditch cards-
squared cards, they will separate in the even the entire deck-in the outer left
air and can, with practice, be caught jacket-pocket.
one in each hand on their return.

The syrt~ Riffie shuffie

The spring riffle shuffle is a spectacular and little-known method for shuffling the deck I
first encountered this technique in an English pub and have never seen it anywhere since.
To the best of my knowledge, it is documented here for the first time.

Set the deck on the table with one end fac-

ing you. Lift off the top half in right-hand end
grip and buckle the cards convexly in prepa-
ration for springing them. If necessary, the
left hand can aid the buckling by pressing
lightly upward on the underside of the
packet. Next grip the tabled packet in left-
hand end grip as shown in the illustration.

With your left thumb, lift the inner end of the

tabled packet about an inch off the table and
riffle the cards evenly back onto the table.
Simultaneously, spring the right hand's cards
forward off the fingertips and into the inner
end of the tabled packet.

176 CARD COLLEGE

Finish by squaring the deck, using the usual
post-riffle shuffle technique (page 107).

;ack Merlin) Riffie s~

This admittedly somewhat exotic riffle shuffle comes from the American card and cheat-
ing expert, Jack Merlin. 41 It is particularly well-suited for gambling routines where you want
to demonstrate how the cheat shuffled.

Hold the deck in riffle shuffle starting posi-

tion (see page 105). With your right hand, cut
about half the cards to the right. If necessary,
you can square the halves by tapping their
ends together. Then move the right-hand
half in front of the other packet.

Begin this unorthodox shuffle by riffling the

outer half with the right thumb and the inner
half with the left middle finger. The right
thumb riffles as usual at the inner right
corner of its half, but the action of the left
middle finger is more unusual. It riffles the
cards along the outer side, near the outer left
corner.

FLOURISHES, PART 1 177

 Push the cards together and square the
deck In principle you use the same finger-
ing for this as in the normal riffle shuffle,
except that the fingers must be extended
more at the beginning of the squaring.

The Poy-uy card

This flourish is actually a light-hearted handling of the rising card plot, as a card actually
rises in an unusual fashion at a right angle to the deck It is the invention of the respected
French amateur magician, Dr. Jules Dhotel. 42
Hold the slightly unsquared deck in left-hand
dealing position. Bring the right hand over
the deck to take it into end grip and square
the cards. In doing so, bevel them inward at
the upper edge. With your right hand, pre-
tend to pull a hair from your head. Fasten
this imaginary hair to the lower left corner
of the deck, which you now hold vertically,
thumb's side uppermost, with the back of
the deck broadside to the audience. The
base of the left thumb contacts the bottom
of the deck near the raised inner left corner,
and the left index finger curls onto the face
of the deck
Grasp the free end of the invisible hair in
your right hand and, taking advantage of the
misdirection afforded by this action, use the
pad of the left index finger to separate the
bottom card approximately an eighth of an
inch from the deck The beveled end of the
deck facilitates this. Now pull up on the
imaginary hair with the right hand. Simulta-
neously, push the bottom card inward and
upward with the left index finger. The pres-
sure of the base of the left thumb against the
bottom of the deck acts as a pivot point
around which the card rotates until it comes
to rest at right angles to the deck (see the
transparent view in the illustration).

178 CARD COLLEGE

 The Wind-~ Gag
After performing an effective trick, confess to your astonished audience that such things
are only JUade possible through the use of a mechanical deck Unfortunately, it must be
wound up every now and then. You are, however, in the process of developing one with a
quartz mechanism. As you deliver this nonsense with a straight face, you wind up the deck
with an invisible key, producing loud clockwork winding sounds in the process. You might
even take a real key from your pocket and apparently use it to wind up the deck Then
pass the key and deck to someone with the request that he or she wind it up a little more.
The attempt should elicit ample amusement.
The comical sound is not difficult to pro-
duce. Hold the deck in left-hand dealing
position, but with the index finger curled
underneath. Place the real or imaginary key
against the center of the top of the deck
Then rotate the right hand counterclock-
wise at the wrist, as though winding up a
mechanical device. At the same time, loudly
riffle the outer left corner of the deck off
your left thumb, synchronizing the sound to
the right hand's winding action. Repeat
these coordinated actions several times.

The Two-handed Fan

This flourish could almost be regarded as a fundamental technique, for it has both an
resthetic and a utilitarian function. It can be used anytime you want to display the backs
or faces of all the cards when there is no table available. Or it can be introduced when the
deck is offered for the selection or replacement of a card. For all fanning techniques the
cards should be of a good quality and relatively new. Some brands fan better once the deck
has been broken in.

Begin with the deck in left-hand dealing

position and raise it to elevated dealing
position. Simultaneously, grasp the deck
with the right hand, thumb on the left side,
fingers on the right, as shown in the
illustration. This brings the deck to a nearly
vertical position. Position the left little finger
at the inner end of the deck to prevent the
cards from falling from the hand, and curl
the left index finger underneath.

FWURISHES, PART 1 179

 Hold the deck for an instant in the right hand
as the left changes position and grasps the
cards as shown in the transparent view. The
deck is now deep in the fork of the left
thumb. The right hand has been omitted in
the illustration for clarity.

Hold the deck between the left thumb and

index finger at the inner right corner, which
will become the axis for the fan. Next use
the right thumb to apply downward pres-
sure on the cards, guiding them in a
clockwise path to form three-quarters of a
circle. The cards should slide evenly from
beneath the right thumb to form a uniform
fan pattern.

Once you have mastered this technique, try

to open the fan with a "stretchable" axis.
First move the inner end of the deck out-
ward against the base of the index finger.
Now sweep the right thumb in a semicircle,
first outward and to the right, then inward
again. This yields another, larger fan, which
is also pretty.

Check Points
1. The right thumb can be at the outer left 2. In this, as in other fan techniques,
corner of the deck or in the approxi- pressure plays an important role.
mate center on the left side-both Experiment with various degrees of
work Try each position to discover pressure, as it is extremely difficult to
which one works best for you. convey such things on paper.

180 CARD COLLEGE

 The Broad one-handed Fan
Sometimes the fan must be formed quickly, but need not be so nicely rounded. Therefore,
thls is the technique favored by many stage manipulators when producing a fan of cards
at the fingertips. With sufficient practice, this fan looks quite pretty.

Take the deck from the left hand into the

right hand, holding it with your fingers strad-
dling the outer end, and the thumb on the
inner end, as shown in the illustration.

The deck is held by pressure between the

index and little fingers on the sides near the
outer comers as the thumb slides to the
outer right comer. At the same time, the
outer phalanges of the middle and ring fin-
gers should curl beneath the deck. As soon
as the thumb is in position, it takes over
control of the pack by pressing on the back
of the deck. Simultaneously, the index finger
moves beneath the deck.

Now begins the actual fanning action. The

thumb moves in an arc to the right and up-
ward as the index, middle and ring fingers
move to the left and downward, causing the
cards to spread, forming the fan.

FWURISHES, PART 1 181

 Check Points
1. At first, use only half of a deck when 2. Don't expect to make large fans with
you practice making the fan- it will be this technique at first. But after suffi-
much easier. Once you have acquired cient practice, you will see that this
the knack with a half deck, try it with method is not only rapid, but makes
the full deck. fans that are broad and beautiful.

The ReVerse one- handed Fan

This is a so-called "reverse" fan, in which the blank non-index comers of the cards are
visible. If you have a blank-faced card at the face of the deck, this can be used to show the
cards apparently unprinted. A color change (that is, a technique that effects a visual trans-
formation) can then be used to tum the deck into a "normal" one, which is displayed by
using the two-handed fan. (Color changes will be taught in Chapter 39 of Volume 3.)

The right hand takes the deck from the left

hand, as shown by the transparent view in
the illustration. The thumb lies parallel to
the outer end, and the index and middle fin-
gers are tightly curled to contact the
underside of the deck.

Now comes the fanning action. It is a slight

motion, barely visible from the front and
carried out primarily by the index and
middle fingers. These fingers move in a tight
clockwise semicircle, pulling the cards
around with them to form the fan. As these
two fingers move, the ring and little fingers
follow naturally alongside, lending stability
and support to the fanned cards.

182 CARD COLLEGE

This illustration shows the view from below
that results if you turn your hand at the
wrist. Pay close attention to the finger posi-
tions, particularly that of the index finger.

Gheck Points
1. It will take a few days for you to gain the arc, the more perfect your fan will
the knack of twisting the cards prop- be.
erly. The action is truly nothing more 2. Of course, it is the correct pressure of
than the semicircular finger-motion the fingers that produces the fan. Tiy
described. Initially you will tcyto ~e itfirst with medium pressure. You may
the circle too large, resulting in a fan need to try more or less pressure,
that isn't perfectly round. The tighter depending on the quality of the cards.

The Ribbon syread Turnover

This flourish is easy, but has an extremely strong effect on an audience. You already know
how to make the ribbon spread, as it was taught on page 35. I will describe here several
ways to complete the flourish or amplify its effect.

Ribbon spread the cards face down from left

to right and, with the tips of your left fingers,
raise the left side of the bottom card of the
spread until this card reaches a vertical
position, its right side still in contact with the
table.

FWURISHES, PART 1 183

 Press your right thumb (or index finger)
lightly against the raised edge of the card.
This gives you complete control over the
card. Move the thumb (or index finger) to
the right, letting it ride along the crest of the
turning spread. This action brings each card
in turn to a vertical position and then face
up on the table.

Let the top card fall onto the extended right

fingers as it flops over. Then use the right
fingers to scoop up the spread from right to
left and place it face down in left-hand deal-
ing position. The cards can be turned back
and forth several times with either hand
before you gather and square them.

Here is a somewhat more flamboyant ver-

sion. When the right hand reaches the center
of the turning spread, place the left thumb
(or index finger) behind the right thumb (or
index finger) at the crest of the cards. Now
move the right hand to the right and the left
hand to the left. This splits the spread. The
cards can then be reunited in the center, and
either hand can complete the turnover. If
you wish to be even more flamboyant, use
the edges of two playing cards instead of
your index fingers to split the spread and
turn it.

184 CARD COLLEGE

 CHAPTER 13
SPREAD CULL
TECHNIQlJES
''This trick, properly understood, thoroughly studied and performed
with virtuosity, produces an erwrmous success. But, from beginning
to end, it requires a consummate card conjurer. Otherwise, no
success can be expected. "
J. N. Hofzinser
 A cull is a secret technique for arranging one or more cards at a desired
location in the deck, usually at the top or bottom. The culling technique
explained in this chapter has a broad range of applications. It can be used
not only to control, position and transfer cards, but also to get you out of
trouble when a selected card has been lost or the fourth Ace to be produced
is suddenly no longer where it should be. The earliest reference to the spread
cull is found in Hojzinser's Card Conjuring, 43 and the two applications about
to be taught are generally thought to be the inventions of this nineteenth
century Viennese genius.

186 CARD COLLEGE

 The syread cull
L€t's assume that you are spreading the deck face up between your hands and you wish
to draw the Ace of Diamonds secretly beneath the spread and bring it imperceptibly to
the rear of the deck
While you hold the deck face up in left-hand
dealing position, use your left thumb to
begin spreading the cards into your right
hand. Both little fingers should move to the
inner ends of the cards to support the
spread. (The same considerations discussed
/
under "Spreading the Cards in the Hands" on
page 21 apply here.)

Let's say that you find the Ace of Diamonds

in the middle of the deck Place the pad of
the left thumb onto the face of the card
directly above and to the right of the Ace
(the 1\vo of Clubs in the illustration), con-
tacting the left side of this card. At the same
time, place the pads of the right middle and
ring fingers on the back of the Ace, at its
right side.

Using the right fingers, pull the Ace to the

right and under the spread, as shown here
from below. To release the Ace from the
spread with a minimum of right-finger
motion, as soon as you begin to slide the Ace
to the right, shift the left thumb from the
card to the right of the Ace (which it has
been retaining in place) to the cards to the
left of the Ace, and pull these cards slightly
to the left. At that instant you should sense
a soft click as the left side of the Ace springs
free from the right side of the cards lying
immediately below it.

SPREAD CULL TECHNIQUES 187

 The Ace is now underneath the spread. With
your left thmnb, continue to push cards into
the right hand. You can pause at this point,
allowing the spread to rest casually on the
hands, as you make a remark about the
shuffled condition of the deck If you now
square the cards by pushing them together,
the Ace will end up at the rear of the deck

Check Points
1. It is important that you look ahead in 3. It is very difficult to spread the cards
the spread as you go through the deck evenly and with a smooth tempo while
This will allow you to spot the card culling one or more cards. The solution
early, then pull it under the deck with- is to find a rhythm. Imagine that the
out hesitation when you reach it. You cards you spread between your hands
want to avoid any hesitation that are a concertina or small accordion.
would seem unnatural or suspicious. The left hand pushes the cards to the
2. If you desire to bring all the Aces to the right and the right hand pulls them
rear of the face-up deck, after culling farther to the right, the hands moving
the first Ace, continue spreading apart to "open" the spread. Then the
through the cards until you reach the hands move toward each other, lightly
next Ace. The previously culled Ace pushing the cards together, so that the
remains under the spread and the right hand can take the next few. These
indifferent cards travel over it as they together-and-apart movements alter-
are pushed into the right hand. At this nate smoothly. If appropriate to the
point you will notice that the card presentation at hand, the flow can be
under the spread forms a V-shaped interrupted periodically: ''I'm going to
opening at the left, which can be seen remove the two J akers from the
from the front To conceal the opening, deck . . . whenever they stay in the
after culling the first Ace, use the left deck .. . the trick doesn't work. " The
thmnb to push the subsequent cards ellipses show pauses in your speech,
forward for roughly an inch as they are during which you look at the audience.
spread to the right. This widens the The culling of the card under the
spread to nearly one and a half cards, spread is executed as you open the
effectively masking the culled card spread again slightly and look up.
from view. As soon as you come to the Searching through the cards and exe-
next Ace, cull it just as you did the first cuting the cull should take aboutten
The second Ace will slide automatical- seconds without interruption; slightly
ly beneath the previous one. Continue longer otherwise. The rhythm with
in this fashion until all four Aces are which you spread the cards is more
under the spread; then push the spread important than the actions of the
closed into the right hand. The Aces fingers-I stress this again as it is the
are now at the rear of the deck real key to success with this sleight.

188 CARD COLLEGE

 4. Here are a few justifications for spread- (Some people will need so long to
ing the cards: (a) You are removing the absorb this statement that you coUld
two red Kings, which you will use in arrange all fifty-two cards while wait-
the forthcoming effect. (b) You are ing for them to catch up!) (d) Ask a
looking for the Jokers. (c) You explain spectator to remove a card from the
that shuftling the cards places them in deck There are, of course, many ver-
a precise mathematical arrangement bal strategies possible, but those cited
with fifty-two factorial possible combi- should suffice to make clear the
nations; that is, one times two times concept
three ... etc., all the way to fifty-two.

The under-the-spread Force

The spread cUll technique is ideally suited for forcing a known card. The basic idea has
been around a long time and, as mentioned earlier, is often ascribed to J . N. Hofzinser. 44
The specific handling taught here is based on that of the skilled British magician Fred Robin-
son,45 who some years ago taught it to me personally. Over the course of time I have made
a few minor changes that I think worthwhile.
Bring the card you wish to force-say, the ,---------------------------
Seven of Clubs-to the top of the deck.
Then overhand shu.ffie four cards onto the
Seven, il\iog the next card and shu.ffie off.
With your right thumb, form a break below
the injogged card and shuffle off to the
break, throwing the balance of the deck on
top. This positions the Seven of Clubs fifth
from the top. Begin to spread the deck
between your hands and ask that a spectator
just touch a card. As you say this, cUll the
Seven under the right hand's spread and
continue to push cards to the right.

As soon as your spectator has touched a

card, ou1jog it from the spread for about half
its length. Next, push the spread cards above
the ou1jogged selection to the right, making
it look as if the projecting card is being sup-
ported from below by the right fingers.
Then, with the left hand, table all the cards
to the left of the touched card.

SPREAD CULL TECHNIQUES 189

 Transfer the right hand's spread cards to the
left hand, pushing them together, so that
they can be held in dealing position. This will
automatically position the Seven of Clubs
directly beneath the outjogged card touched
by the spectator. To justify the transfer of the
cards to the left hand (without emphasizing
it), gesture with your right hand as you
explain, ''You could, ofcourse, lwve touched
any card, but you chose this one. " Here,
without exposing the face of the projecting
card, tap it with your right index finger.

"Please remember the card-! don't want

to see it." With these words, turn your head
to your left and take the left hand's cards into
right-hand end grip. This automatically
squares the projecting card with the rest of
the packet. Raise the packet, permitting the
audience to see the Seven of Clubs on the
face. The illustration shows what your audi-
ence sees. Blindly reach with your left hand
(remember, your head is turned away) for
the tabled packet and, on locating it, drop
the right hand's cards onto it in small pack-
ets. Now turn your head to face the audience
again and square the deck on the table.

Check Points
1. I've suggested that you position the force card from a known position or
force card fifth from the top. If you're from a break, you needn't look at the
more comfortable with another posi- cards while culling it. If you have the
tion farther down in the deck, by all force card fifth from the top, as sug-
means use that. gested, you may wish to execute the
double push-over taught in Chapter 14
2. Instead of going from a known posi-
(page 211) twice, then steal the next
tion, you can also cull the force card
card beneath the spread. All this can be
from a break.
done by touch alone while conversing
3. Whether you do the spread cull with a with spectators.

190 CARD COLLEGE

 TRICKS WITH THE SPREAD CULL

The Magic Phone Number

Effect
The spectator touches four cards, which are turned face up in the deck According to the
performer, they represent a magic telephone number. When the cards next to the freely
chosen cards are revealed, they are found to be the four Queens. This plot is Edward Marlo's
borrowed from his trick "A Good Number': 46

Preparation
In the course of a previous effect or during a break in the performance, secretly bring the
four Queens to the top of the face-down deck, using the spread cull or another strategy.

Construction, Management and Script

Overhand shuffle four indifferent cards onto the four Queens. Then spread the cards
between your hands and ask a spectator to touch one. As you do this, cull one of the Queens
under the spread. Since it is irrelevant which Queen is culled first, you can almost do this
without looking at the spread. Try to restrict the first selection to the top quarter of the
deck (This is not critical, but it is more practical and clear cut.) As soon as the spectator
has touched a card, divide the deck at the selection, making it the top card of the left hand's
portion. The culled Queen still lies secretly under the right hand's spread.

Use the left edge of the right hand's cards to

flip the selected card sidewise and face up,
like the page of a book, on the left hand's
portion. Assume it to be the King of Hearts.

Drop the right hand's cards onto the King and square the deck This secretly loads the first
Queen over the spectator's face-up selection.
Repeat the above sequence three times, using either the same individual or three other
spectators. This places three more face-up selections in the deck, each with a Queen loaded
face down above it. Culling the Queens can be done without looking at the cards, if you
consistently cull the fifth card from the top.

SPREAD CULL TECHNIQUES 191

 Ribbon spread the deck face down on the
table to exhibit the four face-up selections.
These should be spaced at roughly equal
intervals in the spread. To ensure even spac-
ing, you might restrict the selection of the
second card to the second quarter of the
deck, the third to the third quarter, etc.

Remove each face-up card along with the

face-down card that lies just above it, and
arrange these eight cards in a fan in your left
hand.

Look at the fan and remark, ''Aha, King,

Seven, Four, Three. That is the magical
phone number! You can dial it anywhere
in the world and it will always be answered
by-four attractive ladies!" Turn over your
left hand to display the underside of the fan.
This reveals that the cards touched by the
spectators have somehow magically located
the Queens.

As You Like It
Effect
Someone shuffles the cards, then freely thinks of any value in the deck Let's say the Fours
are chosen. The magician cuts the shuffled deck into four packets and shows that the
bottom card of each is a Four!

Construction, Management and Script

Take the shuffled deck from the spectator and ask him to name any value. Emphasize this
by turning the deck face up and spreading it quickly between your hands: ''Any value at
all. It makes no difference which. The Sixes, Sevens, Eights, whatever you like." Assume

192 CARD COLLEGE

that the spectator names the Fours. "You could, of course, have named any other value,
but you have chosen the Fours. You wiU admit that I could not have known this in
advance." As you say this and are waiting for the spectator's response, it should be a simple
matter to look through the face-up cards and spread cull the Fours to the rear of the deck
'1 wiU now cut the deck, which you shuffled yourself, into jour approximately equal
packets." As you are saying this, you turn the deck face down and form a left little-finger
break under the top card. Next take the deck into right-hand end grip, transferring the break
to your right thumb. With your left hand, cut a small packet-something less than a quar-
ter-from the bottom and place it on top of the deck This is the first phase of a double
cut (page 95). '1t really doesn't matter how many cards are in each packet-about that
many wiU do. "As soon as the packet is placed on top, cut off and table all the cards above
the break with the right hand. The rest of the deck will automatically lie in left-hand deal-
ing position.
This simple procedure has placed the first Four on the bottom of the tabled packet.
As soon as the spectators' attention has shifted to the tabled packet, form a left little-finger
break under the new top card of the deck and repeat the cutting sequence, setting another
packet onto the table next to the first. Repeat the procedure twice more. This places four
packets on the table, and the bottom card of each is a Four. A few cards remain in your
left hand. Turn these face up and spread them between your hands. ''And, ofcourse, I could
have cut anywhere, at any of these cards. "
Pause briefly and smile as you look at the spectators-then nod your head. This is meant
to communicate to the spectators that something extraordinary awaits them. Some may
now guess that you have cut to the chosen value. You need only turn the packets over one
after another to confmn their suspicions and consummate the astonishment of your
audience!

SPREAD CULL TECHNIQUES 193

 CHAPTER 14
UsEFUL AUXILIARY
SLEIGHTS
''Few things are impossible to diligence and skiU. "
Samuel Jolmson
 This chapter describes several useful sleights that vazy in degree of difficulty
and do not easily fit another chapter topic. No tricks using them are given
here, but they will be employed frequently in effects taught in subsequent
chapters.

196 CARD COLLEGE

 rhumb counti115
In this technique, the left thwnb secretly counts a specific nwnber of cards. Theoretically,
you could count any nwnber, but in practice the nwnber is generally limited to less than a
dozen. The cards can be counted from the top of the deck, or from the top of a break in
the deck
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position
and, with your left thwnb, exert a gentle
downward pressure on the outer left comer.
Counter pressure is provided by the left
index finger, its middle phalanx contacting
/
the lower edge of the outer end of the deck
These pressures allow the thwnb to release
cards one at a time from the top of the deck
The illustration shows a view from the front.
Often it is desirable to take a break at the
inner end of the deck under the cards
released by the thwnb. Here is a very direct
way to transfer the break to the heel of the
thumb: With your left thumb, lift the
released cards a fraction of an inch, counter-
pressure being provided by the index and
middle fingers at the front and right edges
of the deck The cards will open along the
left side of the deck , but remain flush with
the deck on the right side.

Press against this opening with the heel of

the left thwnb, then immediately place the
thwnb on top of the cards, pressing them
gently down against the outer left comer of
the deck This creates a break at the inner
end, which is held by the heel of the left
thwnb and is visible only from behind, pro-
vided the inner left comers of the separated
cards are kept level and are not allowed to
bend upward like a ski-jwnp.

USEFUL AxiLlARY SLEIGHTS 197

 In this next, slightly more demanding
method, the break is transferred to the little
finger. With your left thumb, push the sepa-
rated cards in a squared block to the right.
The lower right edge of this block will glide
across the tip of the left middle finger. Press
lightly against the top of the block with the
left ring finger.

Relax the pressure of the left thumb and

move the thumb over on top of the deck,
pressing down on the block to secure it.
Relax the ring fmger's pressure. A break
between the block and the rest of the deck
will open along the entire right side of the
deck Pick up the break with the pad of the
left little finger as the other fingers lightly
square the deck

Here are some suggestions for the management of this technique:

Openly look at your watch as you remark

that this trick takes just a few seconds. Ifthis
does not fit into your presentation, it should
not be too difficult to find another pretext.
Count the cards off while your left hand is
palm down. Returning the hand to its nor-
mal position provides the ideal cover for
transferring the break to the little finger or
the heel of the thumb. In any case, both the
counting and the transfer are covered natu-
rally.

198 CARD COLLEGE

The right hand displays a card, holding it in
front of the deck This provides sufficient
cover to count off several cards as well as
to transfer the break as described.

Turn to make a remark to the spectator sit-

ting farthest to your left. This twists your
body to the left, bringing the left side of the
deck naturally and unsuspiciously out of the
spectators' line of sight. The illustration
shows a spectators' view from the front.

UsEFUL AxiLlARY SLEIGHTS 199

 If you are sitting on a chair or at a coffee
table and adopt a relaxed body position, the
left hand will automatically assume a pos-
ture that covers the thumb count. The
illustration again shows a view from the
front.

Check Points
1. Don't curl your index finger under the 2. The thumb count is executed quietly
deck. This would signal the method to and should not be heard.
observant spectators. It is also com- 3. The transfer techniques described are
pletely unnecessary, as the index finger basically one-handed, but you should
can apply sufficient pressure when also think about how the right hand
held naturally at the outer end of the might be used, as it can greatly facili-
deck as shown. tate the process of transferring breaks.

200 CARD COLLEGE

 The Little-ft~er count
This technique has the same goal as thumb counting, namely to count a specific number
of cards secretly, and possibly to hold a break under them. The little-finger count is
significantly more difficult to master than the thumb count, but is in many situations more
direct and natural, and therefore superior.
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position.
To make sure that the execution of the tech-
nique is not hindered, briefly but firmly press
the deck against the heel of the left thumb
with the left middle, ring and little fingers,
giving the deck a slight convex bow. If nec-
essary, you can briefly press the left index
finger against the bottom of the deck to pro-
vide upward pressure. This procedure can
also be carried out with both hands, but be
sure to do so unobtrusively. Once you have
mastered the technique, this preparation will
be unnecessary.
Now press the left little finger lightly against
the right edge of the deck, beveling the cards
diagonally outward and to the left against
the left thumb. Study the illustration care-
fully: the bevel is exaggerated for clarity. You
might say the deck has been given a clock-
wise twist. In the illustration, the left thumb
has been moved aside to display the bevel
more clearly. In practice, it would lie on top
of the deck as in the next illustration.
With the left little finger, press lightly down
on the inner right corner of the deck. Once
there is sufficient tension (very little is
required), release a card from the little
finger. The cards spring up at the very corner
of the deck. This corner doesn't contact the
little finger at the center of the finger pad, but
a bit to the left of it; that is, more toward the
side of the finger. The little finger's pressure
is vertically downward. When this is relaxed,
you can hold a little-finger break under the
desired number of cards you have released.
You can also transfer the deck to right-hand
end grip at this point, letting your right
thumb take over the break.

USEFUL AxlLIARY SLEIGI-ITS 201

 Check Points
1. Do not place the left thumb alongside technique. It is the deliberate motion
the deck Use it to help in gripping the of the little finger that is critical. If you
deck in the fork of the thumb, pressing type or play piano, you will know what
lightly down on the top card. The mid- I mean.
dle and ring fingers do not participate 7. The little-finger count is obviously a
in the counting; instead they rest gen- very good way to get ready for a mul-
tly along the right side of the deck The tiple lift or turnover of cards (double
outer phalanx of the left index finger and triple lifts, etc.), especially those
extends above the upper edge of the using a push-off technique, which will
outer end of the deck, pressing down be taught in Chapter 21 (Volume 2).
lightly on it. 8. The little-finger count is the best
2. The exact position of each flnger is method for locating and obtaining a
most important, although it will vary break under a comer-shorted card, a
depending on the size of your hand. As variety of key card that has two of its
soon as possible, find the position that corners slightly shortened. No other
optimizes the relative strengths of the procedure gives the same result with
fingers. Once you have found it, you so little movement. This application
ca n use the techniques described was pointed out to me by the skilled
above to let several cards spring off. and very funny American performer,
3. Once a few cards have been released, David Williamson.
the control of single cards becomes 9. The little-finger count is also the most
easier. The precise and certain release direct method for obtaining a break
of the top few cards will be difficult at above or below a comer crimped card;
fust. This is normal, so don't become that is, a card with a mild bend in one
discouraged. After a few days you, too, comer (see Chapter 22, Volume 2). As
will gain the knack of releasing the top in the previous note, this is not strictly
cards with precision. speaking a count, but rather a down-
ward pressure on the relevant portion
4. When your hand begins to tense up,
of the deck. However, the action is
stop practicing and try it again a few
identical to the count.
hours later. ·
10. A card control: Have a card chosen by
5. There is a subconscious tendency for allowing the spectator to call stop as
the left arm to tense up, and in some you riffle the outer left corner with
cases the entire body will do so. This your left thumb. Have the card re-
body language can signal that you are moved. As the card is being noted, with
doing or have done some secret action. your left little finger secretly count ten
To avoid such telltale tension, when cards from the top of the deck and hold
learning the little-finger count take a a little-finger break beneath them.
short break when you feel your hand Then use the riffle force technique
and arm tensing, taking your practice taught on page 224 to have the selec-
in short but regular intervals. tion replaced beneath the top ten
6. Your little finger's strength is less im- cards, positioning it eleventh from the
portant than your ability to control its top. This is the most direct control for
movement independent of the other such effects as Spelling and Stop tricks
fingers. Contrary to popular belief, (an example of the later will be taught
strength plays a secondary role in this in Chapter 45, Volume 4).

202 CARD COLLEGE

 The secret Additwn if cards
This technique secretly allows you to add additional cards to a packet. Pay close atten-
tion to the dynamic use of the gaze. This aspect of the technique was formulated by the
brilliant Spanish magician Juan Tamariz and adds considerably to the deception.
Let's assume that you are displaying the four
Aces face up and wish to add three face-
down indifferent cards beneath them in the
process. Hold the deck in left-hand dealing
position, with the left little finger holding a
break under the top three cards. (How you
arrive at this position will be discussed in the
Check Point.) Display the four Aces, spread
face up in your right hand. A portion of the
spread rests on the deck, as shown in the
illustration. For the purpose of this descrip-
tion, the order of the Aces from face to back
is Hearts, Spades, Diamonds and Clubs.

Push the Aces slightly together to the left, so

that the left thumb can hold them against the
deck -offset diagonally, forward and to the
right-as you make an explanatory gesture
with your right hand. For example, you
might spread four fingers to emphasize that
the trick will use the four Aces. As you do
this, look directly at the audience. The
motion of the right hand helps shift attention
from the deck to your eyes. The illustration
shows an audience view from the front.

Maintain eye contact with the audience as

you move your right hand into end grip posi-
tion over the deck With your right thumb,
contact the inner end of the cards above the
break as you press the Aces lightly against
the deck with the outer phalanx of the
curled right index finger. Simultaneously,
contact the outer end of the Aces with the
right middle and ring fingers, placing the
right little finger along the right side of the
Ace packet, near its outer right corner.

UsEFUL AxiLlARY SLEIGHTS 203

 Place your left thumb on the left side of the
deck and tighten the right thumb and fingers
a bit on the ends of the cards as you move
the right hand slightly upward and, at the
same time, outward and to the left. It should
look as if you are simply lifting the un-
squared Ace packet to the tips of the left
fingers to be squared briefly. This automati-
cally adds the three cards above the break
to the underside of the face-up Ace packet.
Square the packet at the fingertips. Handled
in this way, the aces never seem to come
completely over the deck.

CheckPoint
The break under the top three cards can you casually spread over the top three
be obtained during a preliminary phase face-down cards as well. In closing the
with either a thumb count or little-finger spread, take a little-finger break under
count. Or you can simply place the four the top seven cards; then with your right
Aces face up on the deck and spread hand lift all the cards above the break to
them to display their faces. In doing this the left fingertips, as described above.

The Braue Addition

This technique often follows the one just described and serves, in our example, to exchange
three secretly added indifferent cards for three of the four Aces. The method taught here
is based on an idea of the well-known American card expert Frederick Braue, an authority
in this field in the 1940s and 1950s.47
Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position
while in your right hand you grasp the
packet of four face-up Aces and three hid-
den face-down cards in end grip. Pay close
attention to the finger positions. The right
thumb and middle finger are nearly parallel
to the surface of the cards, while the index
finger is curled in. This completely masks
the outer end of the packet from the spec-
tators while displaying as much of the cards
as possible. In using the left thumb to square
the right hand's packet, bevel the lower
cards toward the right. This makes the left
edge of the packet appear much thinner, so
that the extra cards will not be suspected.

204 CARD COLLEGE

 Move the right hand's packet half way over
the top of the deck, then place the left thwnb
on the face of the uppermost Ace and pull
this card off to the left. As you do this, tilt the
front ends of both deck and packet down
bit, ensuring that the audience is able to see
the face of the ace. Move your left hand for-
ward to display the card as you name it. The
left hand makes a larger motion than the
right, which moves back only slightly and
appears, in comparison, to be stationary.

When you have done this, use the left side

of the right hand's packet to flip the Ace side-
wise and face down, like the page of a book,
on the deck Repeat this procedure with the
next Ace.

In drawing off and flipping over the third

Ace, bring the right hand's packet partially
over the deck, as you have with the other
two Aces. In this case, however, continue to
move the packet to the left and place it
square onto the deck Point to the face of the
final Ace with your right index finger, justi-
fying your depositing of the Ace (with three
concealed cards beneath it) on top of the
deck

With your left thumb, push the final Ace to the right and use the right fingertips to flip it
sidewise and face down on the deck The position of the cards from the top is now Ace, X,
X, X, Ace, Ace, Ace, followed by the rest of the deck If you deal the top four cards into a
face-down row on the table, they will, of course, be the top Ace and three indifferent cards.

UsEFUL AxiLlARY SLEIGHTS ws

 Check Points
1. The display and turnover of the Aces person in the room who can appreci-
is performed at a steady pace. The only ate their display. However, don't tilt the
breaks in the action, brief ones, occur packet and deck so severely that you
as each Ace is pulled onto the deck become hunchbacked. This can easily
and displayed while being named. happen when you are seated at a table,
rather than standing. You can remedy
2. Pay close attention to the right fingers'
the problem by sitting on a pillow or
positions. The cards should be held
phonebook to increase your height at
openly, but without allowing a clear
the table. Other solutions are to per-
view of the outer end of the packet.
form while sitting on the floor, or to
This prevents an observant spectator
stand behind the table.
from noting the additional thickness of
the cards. 4. "Showing off' the top of one's head is
another fault commonly seen when
3. As you draw off and display the Aces, such displays are performed. You
tilt the front ends of the packet and needn't lower your head to watch the
deck down slightly, so that your audi- display yourself. Instead, concentrate
ence can see the faces of the cards. It on maintaining eye-contact with your
is rather pointless if you are the only audience as you display the cards.

The Tg'-over Addition

This technique is the invention of Stanley Collins, a gifted British magician prominent in
the early decades of the twentieth century.48 The sleight can be used to add one or more
cards to a packet, perhaps as part of a switch. Let's assume that you are displaying the Ace
of Hearts and wish to exchange it for the King of Spades.

Hold the deck in left-hand dealing position.

The top card is the Ace of Hearts, the bot-
tom card the King of Spades. Form a
little-finger break above the King of Spades,
then take the deck into right-hand end grip,
transferring the break to the right thumb.
Perform a swing cut (page 27), using the
right index finger to pass the upper half of
the deck to the left hand.

206 CARD COLLEGE

With your left thumb, push the Ace of Hearts
to the right and flip it over sidewise, using
the left side of the right hand's packet. This
places the Ace face up on top of the left
hand's packet. As you do this, tip down the
outer end of the right hand's packet to con-
dition the audience to this action. Narne the
Ace and briefly underscore its identity by
tapping its face with your right middle finger.

Apparently use the same action to turn the

Ace face down again. As you flip the Ace
over, follow it with the right hand, bringing )
the right hand's packet over the deck in a
natural continuation of its motion. )

At the moment the Ace falls over onto the

deck, the right hand's packet should be only
a very short distance above it. The tips of the
right middle, ring and little fingers contact
the upper outer edge of the left hand's
packet for a fraction of a second during this
action. This provides perfect cover for you
to release the separated King of Spades from
the right thumb, allowing it to fall onto the
left hand's packet. Pull the King down onto
the left hand's packet with the left ring fin-
ger, possibly using the left middle finger to
aid it. The release of the card by the right
hand and the left finger's pulling it down
occur simultaneously. This phase lasts
barely a second.

UsERlL AxiLlARY SLEIGHTS 207

 Tip the outer end of the right hand's packet
down and point to a spot on the table imme-
diately in front of the left packet. "I will
place this card . .. here on the tahle. "Depend-
ing on the requirements of the trick, you can
now deal the top card of the left hand's
packet, the King, onto the table. The spec-
tators will believe it to be the Ace.

CheckPoints
1. Flip the Ace face up in exactly the look down at the Ace of Hearts, which
same manner you will next turn it face you are just turning face up. As you
down. The tipping of the right hand's perform the secret addition during the
packet in flipping over the Ace is par- second turnover, raise your gaze
ticularly important in this regard. This smoothly and look briefly at the audi-
conditioning of the spectators' percep- ence. Then look at your left hand as it
tions is critical for the deception. apparently places the Ace face down
2. The dynamics of the gaze also plays a on the table.
role. Look up at the spectators, then

ATFUS
ATFUS is an acronym for "Any Time Face Up Switch", an exchange technique developed
by Edward Marlo from a switching procedure invented by the brilliant British magician
Alex Elmsley. 49 The ATFUS technique is extremely flexible and can be used for many pur-
poses. For example, you can display four face-up Aces, and in the course of this action
exchange two of the Aces for two face-down indifferent cards from the deck This is the
application we will use to teach the basic technique.

208 CARD COLLEGE

Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-
ing position. Have two black Kings on top of
the deck These will be switched for two of
the Aces. Hold the four Aces face up in right-
hand end grip, with the black Aces on the
face of the packet. Using the secret addition
technique explained on page 203, add the
top three face-down cards of the deck
beneath the Aces. Then, as shown in the
illustration, use the pad of the left middle
finger to pull the bottom card of the right
hand's packet gently down. With your right
thumb, take a break above this card.

As described in the Braue addition (page 205), use the left thumb to draw the top Ace off
the packet and onto the deck, which you move outward and to the left. Narne the card as
you pull it not square onto the deck, but onto the outer right portion of the top of the deck

Maintain the right thumb's break as you

place the right hand's packet onto the Ace
just transferred, but covering only its right
half. With your right middle finger and
thumb, grip the Ace by its ends, holding it
securely under the right hand's cards as you
lift the resulting stepped packet about half
an inch above the deck Rest the bottom of
the packet lightly on the tips of your left
middle and ring fingers, and place the left
thumb against the left side of the packet.

Slide the right hand and its packet forward

and slightly to the left. The pressure of the
left thumb will square the lowermost Ace
with the rest of the right hand's cards.

USEFUL AxrliARY SLEIGHTS 209

 Slide the packet inward, maintaining its con-
tact with the left thumb, then pull the next
card from the face of the packet onto the
deck exactly as before. Repeat the display,
replacement and squaring of the Ace under
the packet as previously described. As you
slide the packet back against the left thumb
again, prepare to pull off the next card with
the thumb. This brings the right hand's
packet almost directly over the deck
At that instant, with your left middle and ring
fingers, pull the cards below the break onto
the deck Simultaneously pull the first red
Ace from the top of the packet and onto the
deck Then replace the Ace under the right
hand's packet and square it, just as before.
The final red Ace is merely named. Depend-
ing on the context, the right hand's packet
may be briefly placed on the deck, stepped
widely to the right, where the left thumb
holds it firmly in place as the Ace is dis-
played. In any case, the right hand's packet
now consists of two face-down black kings
sandwiched between two face-up red Aces.

Check Points
1. As the cards under the break are sto- between two primary actions (the
len, the right hand's packet must not pulling off of the Ace, followed by its
appear to cover the deck completely. squaring under the packet). The
Pretend the top of the deck is a hot primary actions are emphasized to
stove top that can be touched for only focus attention, which is allowed to
a split second But that is sufficient for relax during the intermediate sec-
the cards under the break to be added ondary action, when the cards are
onto the deck stolen.
2. The drawing off of the Aces and the 3. As I mentioned at the beginning of this
subsequent squaring of them beneath description, the ATFUS technique is
the right hand's packet is performed capable of much more than the one
slowly but smoothly. Part of the secret application given here. For a fuller
of this technique is a steady pace and understanding of the breadth of this
the rhythm with which the primary concept, you will want to read Edward
and secondary actions take place. The Marlo's original article, which can be
cards are stolen in a moment of secon- found in his book MI.N T., Volume 1,
dary importance, which is sandwiched starting on page 60.

210 CARD COLLEGE

 The si~k, noubk
and Multiyk Push-over
It is often necessary to push one card-or two or more cards as one card-off the deck
or from a small packet. For example, one may wish to do this to obtain a little-finger break
beneath the top two cards. Let's examine the technique that permits this.

t
While holding the deck face down in left-
hand dealing position, bend the left thumb
somewhat more sharply than usual and use
it to push the top card about half an inch to
the right. The thumb is only bent immedi-
ately prior to executing this technique.
)
Before that it lies naturally on the deck
X
Extend the thumb roughly an eighth of an
inch farther, bringing the inner side of the
outer phalanx of the thumb into contact
with the second card from the top. This
automatically pushes this card to the right
as well. The right sides of the cards slide
over the tip of the middle finger, then over
the tip of the ring finger. Both fingers feel
these edges and can be used to monitor the
action.

USEFUL AxiLlARY SLEIGHTS 211

 Check Points
1. After some practice you will be able to It is best, in such instances, to check
refine this technique. The distance be- the result visually with a discrete
tween both cards as they are pushed glimpse.
over becomes smaller and smaller un- 3. The technique has munerous applica-
til they are practically pushed off tions, such as dealing two cards as one
aligned as a single card. In most in- ("a double deal" [Chapter 47, Volume
stances where a double push-off is 4]) or performing a double lift without
called for, it is not detrimental if the a get-ready (Chapter 21, Volume 2).
cards are separated by a fraction of an TIP: By pulling the card or cards back
inch. This defect can generally be hid- onto the deck, the left little finger can
den by a movement or easily corrected easily obtain a break. This is one of the
by the right hand as it grasps the cards. most elegant and efficient one-handed
2. An extension of this technique allows methods for obtaining a break under
more than two cards to be pushed off. one or more cards.

Bucklif!5 one or More cards

You will encounter the buckle technique often in trick descriptions. The buckle can be used,
among other things, to obtain a break above one or more cards and to false count a small
packet of cards as an even smaller packet. Let's assume you wish to obtain a left little-finger
break above the bottom card of the deck
Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-
ing position and place the pad of the left
index finger onto the face of the bottom
card, near its outer index. With this finger,
exert a slight upward and diagonally inward
pressure (toward the inner left comer) on
the deck Meanwhile, maintain a downward
pressure on the deck with the left thumb to
hold the cards in place. The illustration
shows the view from the front.
Counterpressure against the crease in the
palm that borders the heel of the thumb
(palm readers call this the heart line) causes
the lowermost card to bow slightly and
separate from the deck at the inner right
comer. The size of the break will increase
with an increase in pressure from the index
finger. This illustration shows the same situ-
ation displayed in the preceding illustration,
but from the performer's view.

212 CARD COLLEGE

If you increase the upward pressure of the
index finger and bend its outer phalanx in
slightly, pressure will also be applied to the
cards just above the bottom card, and these
cards will also separate from the deck, so
that a break may be taken above them. With
practice, two or three cards can be buckled
with complete accuracy and confidence.

Check Points
1. The action is carried out entirely by the pressure. Sidewise pressure must
left hand, the right hand serving only cause the buckle to be visible at the
to cover the sleight by grasping the outer end of the deck and exposes the
deck from above or by providing mis- curling of the index finger. To prevent
direction through the performance of this, keep the outside of the index fin-
some other action, such as turning ger, for its entire length, in contact with
over a card on the table or cutting a lower outer edge of the deck This is a
packet off the deck barely noticeable alteration of stan-
2. Properly executed, the buckle is not dard dealing grip. Then, to buckle the
visible from the front. The most com- card, press with the entire index fin-
mon error is to press the index finger ger, not just with the outer phalanx.
toward the outer left corner rather This is the best way to assure proper
than exerting a diagonally inward execution of the sleight.

USERlL AxiLlARY SLEIGHTS 213

 CHAPTER 15
FORCE TECHNIQUES,
PART2
''Practice is the best of all instructors."
Publilius Syrus
 In this chapter we resume our study of methods for forcing cards by exam-
ining two advanced forces, the classic force and the riffle force. Both will
require considerably more practice to master than do the forces taught in
Chapter 5. However, your efforts will be extremely well spent, as these tech-
niques are two of the most valuable in all card magic.

216 CARD COLLEGE

 The classic Force
Relatively few magicians use the classic force, and even fewer so-called experts can
perform it properly and without arousing suspicion. While the physical technique itself is
not that demanding, it often incites a high degree of anxiety. The true difficulty lies in
coordinating the movements, and in the performer's concern that the outcome is not
entirely under the his control. But those few factors that introduce uncertainty can be
considerably minimized through a thorough understanding of the force. This description
is designed to provide precisely such an understanding and a mastery of all the factors that
lead to a successful execution of the classic force. I have divided this description into three
sections: First, the technique, handling and structure; second, the psychological manage-
ment of the spectators; and third, the "inner game" played out in the mind of the performer.
For clarity, these aspects of necessity are treated separately, but they ftmction like inter-
locking gears and only achieve the desired effect in concert.

Technique, Handling and Structure

The card to be forced-for example, the
'1\vo of Spades-is the top card of the deck
Casually overhand shuffle the cards, pulling
off about a quarter of the deck with the left
thumb in the first shuffle action, ir\jogging
the next card and shuffling off the rest of the
deck in three or four strokes. This is done
while addressing the audience and without
looking at your hands. After the shuffle, the
deck should lie unsquared in left-hand deal-
ing position.
With your right hand, grasp the deck by its
sides from above and set it aside on the
table. The injogged card, which projects
from the right end of the deck, marks the
location of the '1\vo of Spades. You may want
to push the top few cards a bit out of align-
ment, deliberately affording more cover for
the jogged card. When this is done, even
someone looking from the side will perceive
only an unsqnared deck

FORCE TECHNIQ1!ES, PAKr 2 21 7

 Ask two spectators to come to the table to
help you with the next effect. If the specta-
tors are already at the table, make some
pertinent remark to them. Once you have
welcomed them to the table or completed
your remark, use your right hand to pick up
the deck by its sides and let it drop into left-
hand dealing position.

As you explain that one of the two specta-

tors will be choosing a card, apparently
notice that the deck is not squared. Square
it while forming a left little-finger break
under the ir\jogged card as described in the
section "Forming a Little-finger Break Under
Multiple Cards" (page 31).

Turn to one of the spectators, spreading the

cards between your hands as you request
that a card be taken. Spread only ten cards,
then close the spread halfway and push over
the next seven or eight cards with the left
thumb. This opening and closing of the
~ spread interrupts the rhythm of the spread-
ing and makes it more difficult for the

I spectator to take a card, which is to your

advantage.
Spread to the break. The spectator, at this
point, has been ready to take a card for some
time. You capitalize on this readiness by
exposing the back of the Two of Spades
more than the other cards, and you slightly
lift the spread, subtly bringing the back of
the force card into contact with the tip of the
spectator's middle finger. This should be
done with sensitivity and must not be obvi-
ous. The barely perceptible lifting of the
spread must be coordinated with the grasp-
ing motion of the spectator's hand so that no
suspicion is aroused.

218 CARD COLLEGE

The spectator, having touched the 1\vo of
Spades, will stick with this card. Tum your
head away as you say, ''Have you taken a
card?" as though one had not yet been cho-
sen. Keep spreading the cards as you deliver
this question. As the card is taken, it will feel
to the spectator as if the card is freely "swim-
ming" in the spread; that is, an impression
is received of taking a card from an uncon-
trolled and freely handled deck

Because the 1\vo of Spades is still caught in the midst of the surrounding cards, the spec-
tator will need a few seconds to "free" it from the spread (it naturally adheres to the other
cards despite the release of pressure from your hands). This situation reinforces the
impression of the spectator's freedom of choice. ·As soon as you sense that the force card
has been grasped, imperceptibly draw back the spread away from the card.

Check Points
1. The entire construction is designed to only be perceived consciously by the
maximize the interval of time between spectator after the fact, when-having
the preparation for the force and the taken the force card-he or she rea-
actual selection process. This makes it sons that you probably wanted to
practically impossible for the spectator reach the visible separation. Please
to see a connection between the posi- don't underestimate the intelligence
tioning of the force card (the cause) and keen powers of observation of
and the actual force (the effect). many spectators, who-though gener-
2. In spreading the deck, it is extremely ally eager to cooperate-will draw the
important that the cards above the correct conclusions in these situations.
break be prevented from being pushed 3. A trick useful for learning the classic
over even slightly before you reach force is "Seventh Son of a Seventh
them in the spread. Even a step of a Son", page 101. (Especially see Final
sixteenth of an inch can betray your Note 1 on page 102.)
desire to reach this location. This may

fORCE TECHNIQ.UES1 PART 2 219

The Psychological Marwgement of the Spectators
By the above, I mean the influence exerted on the spectators' thinking, so that their thoughts
and deeds favor your secret goal-in this case, forcing the Two of Spades. Here we are
dealing with psychological manipulation, both before and after the force.
After both spectators are seated at the table, make a few remarks relating to the theme of
the effect. The spectators are already out of their element, and you er\ioy the so-called
"home court" advantage, which results in allowing you a subtle superiority (which must
not be translated into arrogance).
Pick up the deck and form a break as described above, looking alternately from one spec-
tator to the other as you say, ''I would like . . . one of you .. . to take a card from this deck."
Especially notice the pauses indicated in this line. You want to create an impression that
this is something important. The spectators already realize that they will be given a task
But not knowing its nature and whether they be equal to it, they tend to be a little with-
drawn. An exaggerated version of their inner dialogue might be: ''What have I gotten myself
into this time! I really hope he picks the other guy. I can just see myself screwing up in
front of everyone!" By dividing your attention between the spectators for a few seconds,
you have given these feelings a chance to develop. Then turn to the spectator on your right
with the request, ''Take a card!"
The spectator on the left is immediately relieved, as he hasn't been put on the spot, and
will relax. But this is just a prelude to the surprise you are about to spring on him. After
spreading about ten or fifteen cards, suddenly change your mind: ''No, wait a minute. You U
help me in a moment. Would you please take a card!" Here you turn with the cards to the
spectator on your left, who thought he was out of danger and is now suddenly plunged
into a stressful situation. Everything has changed without warning and he must make a
decision quickly to meet your request or he will look foolish (which would create even
more stress for him). This decision must be made rapidly, as you have already begun
spreading the cards and only about half the deck remains! So he naturally takes the first
opporturJty he can to reach into the spread. You have, of course, prepared for this by
exposing one card in the spread somewhat more than the others (this is not the Two of
Spades, but an indifferent card lying seven or eight cards above it). As soon as he reaches
into the spread, keep spreading, so that the card slips through his fingers. Since you are
holding the cards, it is not that easy for the spectator to take one (the cards tend to cling
together).
The spectator experiences a kind of eleventh-hour panic- if he doesn't pick a card soon,
it will be too late and he'll be publicly humiliated for having failed to meet such a simple
request. Now you will realize why you have placed the card in the lower quarter of the deck
The individual stress factors combine here to produce frustration for the spectator. You
have created an artificial situation, a controlled environment, which influences your helper
to your advantage. There is, of course, no guarantee that he will actually do what you want.
This uncertainty will always exist whenever you allow someone other than yourself to make
a decision. But by influencing the conscious and subconscious decision-making factors,
you can raise the likelihood of the Two of Spades being chosen.

2W CARD COLLEGE
 Check Points
1. As Robert-Houdin noted over one hun- You must avoid any suggestion that
dred years ago, 50 you should use the you have succeeded at something. To
expression 'Take a card" rather than borrow an expression from Juan
"Choose a card" when executing the Tamariz, you mustn't begin to cluck
classic force. Not only is the phrase lil~e..a hen that has just laid an egg.
more precise, but it avoids even the After all, the spectator has only taken
verbal suggestion of the freedom the a card from the offered spread, which
spectator, in theory, enjoys. Many isn't all that earthshaking an event, is
people believe things are as they seem it? One tendency that is particularly
and that these things can scarcely be widespread is to hand the deck to the
changed by their decisions. "Take a spectator immediately after the force,
card" reinforces this belief, encourag- saying in a triumphant tone, "Fine.
ing an attitude in the spectator that Now replace the card anywhere in the
works in your favor-while ''Choose a deck and shuffle it yourself!" This
card" might inspire unwanted hesita- would make even the dimmest spec-
tion and a more deliberate exercise of tator suspicious. It is far better to
the spectator's freedom of choice. shuffie the deck briefly yourself, then
2. As soon as you are sure that the casually-as though you hadn't even
spectator is taking the 'I\vo of Spades, thought about it-ask the spectator if
you will naturally be relieved and he might like to shuffle the cards as
delighted-especially when you are well. If he declines, press the deck into
just starting out and your force is not his hand anyway: "No, no. Go ahead
always successful. You must, however, and shuffle them-! don't want you
take great pains to hide such emotions. to say afterward that I cheated."

The Inner Game of the Performer

This is clearly the most difficult aspect of the classic force. When I speak of the "inner game"
I am borrowing a concept from Timothy Gallwey who, in his book The Inner Game of
Tennis (Bantam: New York; 1975), defines an inner game as those events that are played
out in the performer's mind during the performance (an artificially induced stress situa-
tion). The inner game is closely tied to the personality of each performer. Nevertheless, I
believe that certain generalizations can be made that apply to everyone.
If you have read this far, you will now feel confronted with the classic problem of the mil-
lipede who tried to analyze which foot should take the first step and promptly fell on its
face. If you are consciously occupied with all these anatomical, psychological and struc-
tural details, you will lose sight of the ultimate goal. This is because analysis is an intellectual
endeavor governed by one human thought process, while the actual physical handling is
governed by an entirely different thought process. Gallwey calls these dimensions Ego One
and Ego 'I\vo; some psychologists call them the super- and subconscious, or intuition and
intellect. No matter what names one uses, there are apparently two components of our
personalities serving different roles. When we are unable to bring both components together
in harmony, we experience difficulties.

fORCE TECHNIQUES, PART 2 221

It is clear that if you wish to apply in a conscious manner all the details I have expounded,
you will inevitably fail, for the simple reason that thinking in this case proceeds more slowly
than the handling requires. To prevent this, try to visualize the entire motion and its
successful result. In the beginning it is necessary to understand the individual steps and
to rehearse them while executing a slower version of the handling. Then comes the phase
when you finally internalize the procedure, so that you can execute it without thinking (a
phase reached only through practice, practice, practice).
A successful force is considerably hindered by potential enemies like fear, uncertainty,
inhibition, etc. To prevent this, visualize a successful force. Be quite certain and confident
that the spectator will take the card-believe in it! As you practice, as often as possible
try to imagine the situation vividly. And please understand that if the card is not taken, it is
not a disaster-for you will be prepared with previously chosen and rehearsed alterna-
tives (which I will explain shortly) that extricate you from the situation without anyone
being the wiser. These reassuring thoughts should give you the composure and confidence
needed for a successful execution of the force.
You must overcome the fear of failure. The forthcoming discussion of various outs should
nip this feeling in the bud.

How 1D PRACTICE TIIE CLASSIC FORCE

Your first thought may be to practice the force on your spouse or a close friend. But such
well-meaning helpers are practically useless for learning the classic force, as they don't
react naturally. Knowing that something is expected of them and wishing to fulfill those
expectations, they react falsely (playing out their own inner games).
The best way to learn the force is to use it as often as possible in stressful situations (at
fairly important performances), executing it whenever a spectator chooses a card, whether
or not the card needs to be forced. Always try to force the card below the break. If it fails,
it makes no difference in a routine that doesn't require a force, and you can confidently
conclude the trick as planned. But if the force succeeds, your self-assurance will be boosted
by this secret success. Eventually, these experiences will lead to a harmonious, produc-
tive inner game, as you can always call on the memories of your successes.
HERE IS A USEFUL PRACTICE TIP: Lay a book on the edge of the table with the pages facing
you. Then begin to spread the cards, offering them to the book, which plays the part of a
spectator for you. When you reach the force card, push it into the pages of the book Repeat
this procedure many times, until you acquire a sure feeling for the physical actions. If you
don't succeed with this force . .. sell the book!

Ours
The term outs refers to all those techniques, strategies and methods that serve to overcome
a failed force. You have three basic options: You use either (1) a direct method or (2) an
indirect method to put the Two of Spades into the spectator's hand, or (3) you use the
indifferent chosen card for another effect, then return to the intended trick requiring the
Two of Spades and attempt the force again. Let's examine these options in greater detail.
In the following descriptions, when I talk about an X-card I mean a selection that results
from a failed force. (The Two of Spades will continue to be our force card.)

222 CARD COLLEGE

Direct Methods
One fact is fundamental: The more techniques you have at your disposal, the more
discreetly you can recover from a failed force. A certain experience and self-confidence
is required for the procedure to seem spontaneous and natural. So practice the methods
discussed below even when you do not need them. That way you can practice these sbat-
egies before disaster strikes.
Tlw ''Whoops!" Method
This cunning out comes again from Robert-Houdin. 51 As soon as the spectator looks at the
X-card, you reproachfully exclaim, ''Whoops! I saw the card. Please don't show it to rne.
That makes it too easy." With these words, take the card from your doubtless somewhat
bewildered spectator, replace it in the deck and begin your force over again.
Now it is critical to assess the situation properly. Was the failed force the fault of improper
technique or timing, or was the spectator simply uncooperative? If the former is the case,
make another attempt at the force, using the same spectator. In such a situation, you now
have an added advantage. Some spectators reach swiftly to take a card, others move with
slow deliberation. Speed varies from person to person, but an individual's speed remains
constant. Having just learned the speed of your subject's actions, the second time around
you can adjust yours to accommodate, confide~t that the person's speed will be consistent
If, on the other hand, you sense that your subject is being uncooperative, repeat the force
on another spectator. Your excuse for changing helpers? ''Why don't we use someone sitting
somewlwtjarther away; then I won't be able to see the card so easily." Of course, this is
nonsense, but it sounds reasonable.
Another approach is to keep the same spectator, but switch to a sure-fire force, such as
the riffle force, which will be taught next. It is important, of course, that the force employed
appear as free as the classic force, or the change in procedure will cause the audience to
wonder why you have suddenly adopted such a strange course of action.
A Direct Exchange of the X- card for the Two of Spades
This category encompasses all the techniques in which the X-card is secretly exchanged
for the force card. The top change, described in Chapter 16, is the choice best suited to
the purpose, and in that chapter I will describe in detail how it is used (see page 238). Here
I will explain the basic strategy with an easier but somewhat less natural method. B1ing
the 1\vo of Spades to the top of the deck as soon as the spectator has removed the X- card.
It is important that you instruct the spectator not to look at the card. Do this as soon as
you notice that the wrong card is going to be selected. By giving the instruction so early, it
appears to be part of the planned course of action. Having brought the 1\vo of Spades to
the top of the deck, take the as yet unseen X-card from the spectator and place it briefly
onto the deck (motivated, for example, by using the right hand to move the card case aside).
Then execute a double turnover (page 130) to display the 1\vo of Spades. This method is
only appropriate when the logic of the presentation allows you to see the card, although
in an extreme case you could turn your head away as you turn up the card and display it.

Indirect Methods
In these clever methods, the X-card is used to force the 1\vo of Spades. Once you under-
stand the principle, numerous other possibilities become available to you -some of which
will be introduced later in this course.

fORCE TECHNIQUES, PART 2 223

The Crisscross Force
As soon as you lmow the spectator is going to take the wrong card, say, "... and tum that
card face up. " Casually cut the cards, bringing the 'IWo of Spades to the top of the deck
Then have the face-up X-card inserted into the deck and cut the cards at that point. Place
the upper packet on the table, put the face-up X-card on top of this, and finally the lower
packet on top of everything. Introduce a time delay, then offer the spectator the card located
just below the face-up X-card. This is a variation on the crisscross force, which was
described on page 85.

Another Trick
To avoid prolonging the program unnecessarily (which is only critical for formal programs),
quick alternative tricks are recommended; that is, tricks that can be performed in less than
a minute and that maintain the performer's control of the force card.
Of course, I have only outlined a few of the possibilities for correcting a missed force. But
perhaps this attempt to systematize the options will help you to find and categorize your
own favorite method.

Final Observations
A familiarity with the available outs will have a significant influence on your inner game,
since you will then lmow there are one or more ways you can proceed should the force
fail. With some performers, this lmowledge produces such an increased self-confidence,
the force nearly always succeeds!

The Riffie Force

In this force, you first shuffle the deck, then hold it in left-hand dealing position while you
riffle the outer left comers of the cards off your left thumb until a spectator calls stop. The
deck is cleanly and openly separated at that point-yet the spectator has been forced to
take the card that you require. The psychological and technical details of this riffle force
handling differ significantly from those of the more common and well-lmown method. It
is so compelling that even experienced magicians are deceived. I developed this handling
after meeting Rainer Teschner, a magician from Ntimburg, at the 1980 German Card Work-
shop. There Mr. Teschner showed me, among other remarkable things, a very interesting
handling of the riffle force, in which he split the deck open with his right middle finger in
a most coqvincing manner. This handling forms the basis on which I built the technique
described here.
The force card is on top of the deck As you turn toward a spectator, prepare for the force
just as you would for the classic force (see page 217), but position the force card about a
third of the way down from the top of the deck and form a left little-finger break above it.

224 CARD COLLEGE

Bend your left index finger under the deck
to apply an upward pressure as you riffle
downward with the left thumb. Time the
riffle so that the spectator calls stop after
you have passed the break, but as close to
it as possible. This is necessary, as you will
soon understand, to minimize the dis-
crepancy in the thickness of the packets
involved.
As soon as the spectator says stop, interrupt
the riffle and, with the left thumb, pull down
on the outer left comer of the packet below
the visible gap at the outer end. Make the
gap as large as possible as you say, ''Right
here!"Th.is is not a question, but a confirma-
tion. Look at the deck and try to focus the
audience's attention on it as well. Then bring
the right hand palm up in front of the deck,
apparently to separate it at the visible gap.
Place the tip of the right middle finger
against the outer left comer of the card at
the face of the upper packet About one third
of the outer phalanx of this finger should lie
inside the gap. (This illustration and the next
show views from the front.)

Slide the pad of the right middle finger to the

right along the outer lower edge of the upper
packet until it reaches the right comer. This
widens the gap at the outer end still further.

As soon as the right middle finger reaches the outer right comer of the upper packet, turn
your head aside and say, "Please take this card-don't let me see it at all." At the same
time revolve the right hand palm down, moving the thumb to the inner end of the deck As
a consequence of this action, the pad of the right middle finger automatically rolls out of
the gap at the outer end, but remains anchored on the end of the upper portion of the deck

FORCE TECHNIQJJES1 PART 2 225

 Grasp all the cards above the left little-finger
break in right-hand end grip. Do not lift the
right hand's packet; hold it still. Instead,
lower the left hand slightly and move it for-
ward with all the cards beneath the break.
At the same time, relax the downward pres-
sure of the left thwnb, letting the gap close.
As you extend the left hand toward the spec-
tator, use the left thwnb to push the top card
to the right.

Don't move the right hand until the spectator takes the force card and the left hand returns
with the balance of the packet. Conclude the sequence by reuniting the packets and squar-
ing the deck

Check Points
1. Pick a spectator to work with who is your hands at the critical moment. So
seated or standing at some distance we must introduce a handling that
from you. This justifies the use of a delays the execution of the technique.
procedure that is somewhat unusual This is accomplished by separating the
outside the company of magicians. packets at the outer end with the right
''Please, stay in your seat," you say. middle finger.
After all, if the spectator were closer, 3. Note how loosely the top card of the
you would simply offer the spread left-hand packet slides over the tips of
deck for the removal of a card. the left fingers in the final illustration.
2. The use of the right middle finger is a This underscores the impression of
crucial element. Most people expect openness and fairness. Note too the
you to separate the deck immediately position of the left thwnb!
upon your hearing stop, and conse- 4. The remark "Please take this card-
quentlythey focus all their attention on don't let me see it at all," as you turn
the deck at that moment. This is pre- your head aside creates a slight diver-
cisely the weakness of other handlings sion of attention or, at the very least, a
of the riffle force: The spectators' reduction or division of focused obser-
attention is focused on the deck and vation.

226 CARD COLLEGE

 MORE TRICKS WITH THE FORCE

Although this trick 52 takes only a moment to perform, it will make a long lasting impres-
sion on many spectators. In the course of the effect, one of the spectators is drawn into
the action and performs the magic. Nonetheless, at the conclusion, the assisting specta-
tor still has no idea of how the trick was accomplished.

Effect
The performer divines the identity of a chosen card by feeling a spectator's pulse. Then
the trick is repeated, but with the spectator feeling the magician's pulse and bringing an
inexplicable feat to a successful conclusion.

Construction, Management and Script

Have a woman in the audience shuffle the deck Then take it back and glimpse the top card.
Here is a simple way to accomplish this: After retrieving the deck, spread it face up on the
table and point out how well the spectator has mixed the cards. As you do this, inconspicu-
ously note the top card, then flip the spread face down (page 183) and gather it. (Other
methods of glimpsing the top card will be explained in Chapter 23, Volume 2.)
Force this card on the woman, preferably using the classic force. Tell her she is to note
her card without showing it to anyone else. Finally, ask her to place her card face down
and to one side. She may also cover it with the card case or some other object lying on the
table. Assume the card is the Three of HeartS.

''It is possible to determine a person's reac-

tions to statements by detecting a change
in pulse rate. The idea is similar to that
behind lie detectors. Would you mind if I
feel your pulse?" Take your helper's wrist
and locate her pulse. If you don't know how
to do this, it is a good idea to learn this
simple skill, rather than pretending. If your
medical technique is obviously faulty, many
in your audience will see through your
fraud, which will in turn undercut the believ-
ability of your presentation.

You could say something like ''You must not be here at all-you have no pulse." But please
avoid double entendres and statements in questionable taste. Once you have found the
pulse, begin to name the four suits: ''Hearts-clubs-diamonds-spades. Yes, that was
very clear. When I said 'hearts' your pulse jumped. Your card must be a heart. "Continue

fORCE TEG-INIQ!:lES, PART 2 227

inunediately, without waiting for a confirmation: ''And rww the value. Ace-Two- Three-
Four.. ."Name all the values, pause, then start naming them again from the beginning. This
second time pause after you say "three" and announce, 'Tiwt was rwt so clear. You're trying
to disguise i t. But I am still fairly certain that your card is a Three-it must be the Three
ofHearts. Show everyone your card. "The woman turns her tabled card face up, confirming
your statement to the unbounded amazement of all present.
You can stop the trick at this point, as it is impressive enough by itself. But if you sense
that the audience is following the presentation with interest, you can take it a step further.
"Of course, this should also work if you do the same thing to me. " Take a card from the
deck, which the spectator has shuffled, look at it and place it face down on the table or
under the card case. Let's assume it is the King of Clubs. Now it is the woman's turn to feel
your pulse. "You krww, this is rwt really necessary, but i t's my favorite part of the trick. "
As the spectator is finding your pulse, place the tips of the thumb and middle finger of that
hand together. When she names your suit, lightly press the thumb and middle finger
together. She is waiting for your pulse to jump at some point and when she feels this small
but distinct movement she will say that she sensed something at clubs. "Good, then qui te
possibly my card was a club. "As she recites the values, lightly press your thumb and middle
finger together again when she says "king': The woman will then suggest that you are
thinking of the King of Clubs. To confirm this, show the card to everyone. Often the assisting
spectator will not know herself how she divined the card. She will simply assure everyone
who asks that your pulse clearly jumped as she named the correct card!

Headliner!
The following trick is a spectacular prediction for special occasions. It does require some
advance preparation, but it is worth the effort. The basic plot goes back to at least the 1930s.
In 1937, Theodore Armemann mentions a use of it by Kenneth Chamberlain.53 Here I've
updated it, through a bit of modern technology.

Effect
The spectator chooses a card, which the performer fails repeatedly to divine. After pointing
out that all the most important events of the day are in the daily newspaper, he asks a second
spectator to choose a page-and found printed on that very page is a large image of the
chosen card!

Preparation
Take the daily newspaper and open it up to a page with very few or no photographs. Papers
like the New York Times or the Wall Street Journal are ideal for our purpose, as they contain
relatively few photos. Using the single sheet feeder of a large photocopy machine, copy a
Jumbo card onto the center of one of the inner pages of the newspaper (for our explanation,
let's say it is page nine). With a red ink cartridge or a color copier you can even copy a red
card or a court card. This provides even greater contrast and visibility.
The trick is most effective when performed with the current edition of the newspaper. Place
your prepared paper near the performing area If you know you will be the guest of someone

228 CARD COLLEGE

who subscribes to a particular paper, find an opportune moment to exchange his copy for
a duplicate that you have prepared.

Construction, Management and Script

The card whose image is on page nine of the newspaper is on top of the deck Let's say it
is the Six of Clubs. Beneath the Six of Clubs is the Nine of any suit. Thrn to a spectator
and riffle force the Six of Clubs. ''That is your personal lucky card. Take a good look at it
and place it aside face down." The spectator does as requested.
When the card is removed from the deck, maintain the little-finger break between the
halves. The Nine is now directly under that break. Riffle force it on a second spectator.
''This second card wiU determine a number. If it is a court card rather tlwn a number
card, please replace it in the deck and take another one. " These words reinforce the
impression that the spectator has a free choice.
Thrn back to the first spectator and ask him to pick up his selection and concentrate on it.
After a brief effort, you name the wrong card. Repeat this by-play a second time. Finally
explain, "Of course, it's reaUy not tlwt important. Because if it were important, it would
certainly already lwve been published in the newspaper. Would you please show all of
us your card?" The spectator displays the Six for all to see.
Thrning to the second spectator, you ask, "By the way, lwve you had a clwnce to read
today's paper? Did you notice anything? No?" Meanwhile, have your host hand you the
newspaper, or pick up the copy that "just happens" to be nearby. Pass it to the second
assisting spectator.
''A short while ago you removed a number card from a shuffled deck. Tlwt wiU deter-
mine the page in the newspaper. "Have the second spectator turn over his card, revealing
the Nine. "Please open the paper to page nine. Perlwps you'Ufind an answer to the ques-
tion concerning ourfriend's card. "Initially the spectator may not notice anything, especially
ifit is a black-and-white photocopy. Then suddenly eve.ryone will see the jumbo Six of Clubs.
If they are able, the spectators may now wish to write impossible sounding letters to the
editor.

Final Notes
1. You can use a riffle force for the first anyone else read the paper in the
card and a classic force for the second. interim, it is unlikely the preparation
If you choose to do this, place all four will be noticed-and what does it
Nines just below the Six of Clubs. This matter if it is? Even more devious: In
will give you a four-card leeway for the afternoon, stop by the establish-
your classic force. ment where you plan to meet your
2. You can also perform this trick in a res- friends that evening and order a cool
taurant. Come somewhat in advance beer. While you are there, exchange
of the guests and order the daily paper. the papers. Then, that evening, don't
Secretly exchange it for your prepared show up until all the others have
copy, which you then "return". Should arrived.

FORCE TECHNIQUES, PART 2 229

 CHAPTER 16

1HE TOP CHANGE

"The more simple and natural the movements of the performer,
the less likely is the spectator to detect the trick. "
Jean-Eugene Robert-Houdin
 Changes are sleights that enable you to exchange one or more cards secretly
for different cards. In this chapter we will study the classic top change, in
which a single card held in the right hand is imperceptibly switched for the
top card of the deck held in the left hand. The technique taught here is an
improved handling by the French past-master, Robert-Houdin. 54

232 CARD COLLEGE

For our purposes, let's assume a specific situation: You have one spectator seated to your
right at the table and another to your left. A card is chosen (it's an Ace) by the spectator
on your right, and controlled secretly to the top of the deck Another spectator takes a
second card (a Queen) and you hold this in your right hand. The Queen is to be exchanged
imperceptibly for the Ace.
Hold the deck face down in left-hand deal-
ing position. Grasp the card to be exchanged
(the Queen) face down by its inner right cor-
ner, right thumb on the back and right index
finger on the face. Position your right middle
finger with the side of its outer phalanx con-
tacting the edge of the card near the inner
right corner.
In this grip the card can be turned face up and face down again by revolving it around the
outer phalanx of the right index finger, using a slight downward pressure of the middle
finger and a turn of the wrist. The card is under your complete control. This grip makes
the handling easier, more natural in appearance and economical in motion.

Ttun the face of the card toward the audi-

ence and away from yourself, holding it so
that it is clear to the spectators that you can-
not see the face. As you do this, look at the
first spectator and exclaim, ''And here is
your card!" The illustration shows the
audience's view from the front.

THE TOP CHANGE 233

 Either the spectator will say nothing or he
will try to correct you. Using the tips your
left thumb and index finger, grip the outer
left comer of the right hand's card and bow
the card inward toward yourself to look at
it. 'That wasn't your card?"

After asking this, raise your head and look

at the spectator on your right. At the same
time, turn the card in your right hand face
down, holding it parallel to the floor. Next
turn your head toward the spectator on your
left, and at the same time, relax your right
hand and bring its card over the deck (This
view is from the front.)

As you bring the Queen over the deck, push

the top card (the Ace) about half an inch to
the right. Straighten the right index finger
slightly, causing its pad leave the face of the
Queen and form a V-shaped opening be-
tween fingertip and card. (The crease of the
outer joint of the index finger should now
contact the right side of the Queen.)

234 CARD COLLEGE

The right side of the protruding Ace can be
fed into this opening. As you feel the Ace
contact the pad of the right index finger,
place the pad against the face of the Ace and
pull it briskly to the right. Simultaneously,
use your right thumb to push the top card of
the pair, the Queen, to the left and under the
left thumb. Do not raise the left thumb-
keep it in light contact with the top of the
deck and, with a barely perceptible motion,
use it to pull the Queen square onto the
deck You are now holding the Ace in your
right hand in exactly the same grip just used
to hold the Queen . The grip itself has not vis-
ibly altered.

Keep the right hand and its Ace still as you

move your left hand and the deck away in a
gesture to draw attention to the spectator on
your left. As you do so, ask ''Did you see the
card, too?" The illustration again shows an
audience view from the front.

Now move your right hand to the right, and

simultaneously return the left hand to its
former position in front of the body. Say to
the spectator on your right, ''And the Queen
of Clubs was really not your card?" The
exchange is now complete, and you can
exploit the situation as required by the effect
in progress. For example, you can have the
spectator blow on the right hand's card, then
reveal its transformation to the Ace.

THE TOP CHANGE 235

 Check Points
1. The timing and coordination of move- this sleight, in which the card began
ments explained above is extremely between the thumb and index finger,
important. First you move only the but after the change was clipped
right hand, then only the left hand, between the index and middle fingers.
and finally both hands. This blocking 3. Keep in mind that you never lift the left
makes it seem as if the card and deck thumb during or after the exchange, as
never touch. Though the larger actions doing so would raise suspicions of a
taught here are given in the context of switch in the minds of obseiVant spec-
a particular trick and may change with tators. The card is pushed rmder the
the context, the finger motions are thumb. It should never look as if the
always the same. thumb reaches for the card.
2. After the exchange, the card is held 4. Make a careful study of the following
between the thumb and index finger, suggestions for covering the sleight, so
exactly as it began. This is far more that you can adapt the top change to
desirable than the original fingering for other contexts.

Toyc~ecovm
The top change, like palming and the pass (Chapters 18 and 19 in Volume 2), is a technique
with no "external reality" (to borrow a phrase from the great Spanish master Arturo de
Ascanio)-in other words, your audience should not be aware that any action has taken
place. The technique is executed in secret, in contrast to overhand shuffle techniques, which
simulate actual shuffle actions, or the glide, in which a card is actually taken from the deck
These sleights present an external reality, an overt and motivated action, for the specta-
tor. This is not true of the top change,. for which there is no automatic action to obscure
the secret one; so one must be contrived. I will now describe several logical and natural
cover actions for the top change. The basis for all of them is that there must be an overt
reason (other than that of exchanging cards), or at least an implied one, for the hands to
come together or cross.
Situation One: The spectator will be
requested to extend one hand palm up. Ask,
"Are you right-handed or left-handed?"
Hold the card in your right hand in front of
the deck Immediately after asking this ques-
tion and as you request, ''Hold out your
hand with the palm up, " move your left
hand forward and past the right hand's card,
executing the top change along the way.
Your motivation in moving the left hand is
to demonstrate how the spectator should
extend the hand.

236 CARD COLLEGE

Situation Two: The blocking and motivation here are essentially the same as those just
explained, but their presentation is a bit different. Say to the spectator, "Please hold out
your hand with the palm up. " Move your left hand forward past the right, executing the
top change. The left hand then adjusts the spectator's hand as you say, "A bit higher; plea e.
Your hand must be exactly thirty-seven inches above the floor." This humorous remark
also contributes to the cover.

Situation Three: If you wear glasses, bring

your relaxed right hand and its card over
the deck and execute the change as you
move your left hand upward to adjust your
glasses. (Note: Contact lens wearers would
be wise to forgo this ploy, which would only
be understood by fellow insiders.)

Situation Four: With your left hand, pick

up an object, such as the card case, from the
table. As this hand passes the right, execute
the change. Then, having grasped the object
in the left hand, lift it slightly and place the
right hand's card beneath it.

Situation Five: Display the right hand's

card to those spectators on your right, then
turn it face down again. Next, hand out the
deck for shuffling, executing the top change
under cover of tl'lis action. If you pass the
deck, which is of course in your left hand,
to a spectator on your right, your hands
will naturally cross. And if you pass it to a
spectator on your left you can use the same
actions outlined in the original description;
that is, bring the relaxed right hand and its
card over the deck, and inunediately move
the deck forward, offering it for shuffling.
The exchange of cards occurs during this
seemingly innocent motion.

THE TOP CHANGE 237

Obviously, you can think up many more situations that will accommodate the execution
of the change. Take pains to consider only those situations that fit your style. As the actual
exchange is executed, always look at the audience or pose a question to a particular
spectator.

The roy Chaf!5e as an out

for the classic Force
In my examination of the classic force in the previous chapter I mentioned that the best
direct exchange to use for correcting a failed force was the top change. Let me now show
you how the sleight is adapted to this use. We will apply the strategy just employed in
Situation 1\vo. You have one spectator on your left, another on your right. You attempt the
classic force with the person on your left, but it fails. The moment you see that the wrong
card is going to be selected, instruct the spectator not to look at its face. As explained earlier,
when this line is delivered promptly, it appears to be part of the planned course of action.
As soon as the spectator has removed the X-card from the spread, bring the force card to
the top of the deck Take the X-card from the spectator and turn toward the person on your
right. Instruct this person to extend a hand, making a gesture with your right hand as you
look at her, saying, ''Hold i t precisely thirteen and three-quarters inches above the table. "
The laughter that results from this silly request causes the spectators to relax their atten-
tion, at which time you pass your left hand near your right, on its way to acljust the level of
the spectator's hand. As the left hand passes the right, execute a top change, exchanging
the X-card for the force card, which you then place on the second spectator's hand.

238 CARD COLLEGE

 TRICKS WITH THE TOP CHANGE

Metamoryhosts
The handling of this effect was inspired by Larry Jermings's "Monarchs' Quartette".55

Effect
A spectator chooses a "prediction card", which is set face down to one side. After an initial
mismatch, three cards randomly chosen by the spectator are ultimately shown to match
the value of the prediction, giving you four of a kind!

Preparation
Arrange the four Kings on top of the deck, with the black Kings sandwiched between the
red ones, or vice versa. Such a simple setup can easily be arranged in the course of a
preceding effect. Often it is advantageous to use .the spread cull described on page 187 to
accomplish this.

Construction, Management and Script

Force the top King on a spectator, using the riffle force (page 224) and place this "predic-
tion card" face down to one side on the table. After the force, reassemble the deck with
the remaining three Kings on top.
Take the deck in right-hand end grip and dribble the cards onto the table from a height of
about seven inches, while you explain that you would like a second spectator to call stop
when you repeat the action. Pick up the cards and dribble them again onto the table, stop-
ping at the location specified by the second spectator.

"You need to pick out three cards. Would

you like aU three cards to come from the
bottom of the top packet, the top of the bot-
tom packet, or a combination of the two?"
Pmdi,tWn rom --!Ill
Following the instructions of the spectator,
place three cards in a horizontal row on the
table. As these are truly indifferent cards, it
really doesn't matter which three the spec-
tator chooses.

THE TOP CHANGE 239

 "We wiU only need one of these cards, so
please teU me which two I should set aside."
As you explain this, take the deck into left-
hand dealing position. As you square the
cards, form a right thmnb break under the
top two. Maintain this break as you take the
deck into right-hand end grip. Pick up the
two designated discards in your left hand,
turning the left wrist as you display the cards
in a spread. ''Let me show you the cards. If
you like one of them, you can exchange it
for the remaining card. " It doesn't matter
what the spectator decides. illtimately you
will be in the position shown here.

You now exchange the two cards in the left

hand for the two cards above the break in
the following manner: With your right hand
(which holds the deck), gesture toward the
third chosen card, lying face down on the
table. ''Let's look at the remaining card. "As
you say this, first look at the card, then up
at the spectator. At the moment you raise
your gaze, bring your right and left hands
together.

Place the deck into left-hand dealing posi-

tion, squarely over the two cards already
there; and, with your right hand, retain the
two cards above the break, then move this
hand in the direction of the tabled card.
While doing this, slide the right thumb
outward across the back of the cards, until
you can grip the two cards at their outer
ends. Use these two cards, which you hold
face down and spread slightly, to flip the
tabled selection face up.

This bold switch of the cards (called the Jinx change) 56 is done openly, but passes
undetected because all the actions flow together and have an outward logic. Carefully study
the dynamics of shifting the gaze and the smooth sequencing of the actions.

240 CARD COLLEGE

Table the right hand's two cards (now Kings) to one side. Next pick up the face-up card
from the table and turn it face down in your right hand, in preparation for the top change.
Let's assume this card is the Eight of Spades. ''Would you be surprised if this Eight of
Spades m atched the predicti on card you chose and placed here on the table?" Display the
face of the card to those spectators on your right then shift your gaze to the tabled prediction
card, toward which you gesture with your left hand. As you make this gesture, execute
the top change, leaving the final King in your right hand. The timing and misdirection used
here are identical to those described in the technical explanation of the top change. Use
the right hand's card to flip the prediction card face up on the table. The cards apparently
do not match.
"Of course, that would have been impossible. But then you should expect even more f rom
me, namely, the unthinkable!"Rub the face of the right hand's card against that of the tabled
King. Then slowly turn the face of the card in your right hand toward yourself, smile-
and show the card to the audience, who should display their appreciation with dropping
jaws. They naturally assume this is the end of the trick, but you press on. "Perhaps you
are asking yourselfw hat would have happened had you chosen one of the other two cards ?
As you can see, that w ould have been no problem, as they are the other two Kings!" Reveal
the faces of the other two tabled Kings to your astonished audience.

The Lucky coin

Effect
A spectator chooses a card and shuffles it into the deck The deck ic; then ribbon spread
on the table. The performer displays a lucky coin, which the spectator uses to chose a card
via a process of elin1ination. After some humorous by-play, it is eventually revealed that
the spectator has, through the aid of the lucky coin, managed to locate the chosen card.

Props
In addition to a deck of cards, you will need a large coin. Glue an easily recognized minia-
ture card (for example, the Two of Diamonds) to the tail-side of the coin. If miniature cards
are not available to you, you can use the index of a card from a regular deck Place the
coin in a small coin purse. If you wish, use a somewhat exotic coin and container, and write
a suitably odd story to go with them.

Construction, Management and Script

Secretly bring the Two of Diamonds to the top of the deck during a previous effect or use
a cut or spread cull (page 187) to do so. Force the Two on a spectator, preferably with the
classic force (page 217).
After the card has been shown to everyone, have it replaced in the deck, briefly shuffle
the cards yourself, then hand the deck to the spectator to shuffle.
To achieve maximum misdirection at the climax, it is important that everyone know the
identity of the card. Don't forget to shuffle the deck briefly yourself, before handing it om

THE TOP CHANGE 2 1

for mixing. Failing to do so may arouse suspicion that you already know the identity of
the card.
Take back the deck and, as you quickly spread it face up between your hands, bring the
Two of Diamonds to the top with a spread cull (page 187). To motivate this action, say,
''You shuf.jled the card into the deck yourself It might be anywhere-no one knows exactly
where it is. But you do know which one it is. So you should find it yourself." These
remarks provide enough time for you to complete the cull. Close the deck and ribbon spread
it face down on the table.

Take out the coin purse and exhibit the coin

it contains-without exposing the minia-
ture card, of course. ''This is my lucky coin.
Perhaps it will bring you luck, too. "Grasp
the spectator's wrist as you hand him the
coin and instruct him to hold it by its edges
between thumb and index finger. ''Hold it
perfectly flat, with the head up." Your un-
stated reason for this is to prevent the
premature exposure of the miniature card.

Once you are certain the spectator under-

stands how he must hold the coin, have him
move it horizontally along the spread deck
and finally place it somewhere on the
spread. Depending on the tightness of the
ribbon spread, the coin will contact from
eight to twelve cards.

Push the cards to the right and left of the

coin aside, leaving about a dozen cards with
the coin atop them.
Gather these discarded cards in an
unsquared packet with the Two of Dia-
monds on top.

Adjust the remaining twelve or so cards,

widening the spread, and repeat the selec-
tion procedure with the coin.

242 CARD COLLEGE

Again remove the cards to the left and right of the coin and insert them into the rest of the
deck The TWo of Diamonds remains on top. Three or four cards should still be under the
coin on the table.
Deliberately shuffle these remaining few cards and deal them into a face-down row. Hand
the spectator the coin and ask that it be placed on one of the cards. When this has be€n
done, say, ''Are you certain this is the card you want?" Ask this emphatically, to under-
score its importance, and let the spectator change his mind if he wishes. Some in the
audience will already have guessed where the effect is headed, but still will not be able w
believe it, as the conditions have been so utterly fair. Once the spectator has settled on a
card, replace the others in the deck, which you then briefly spread between your hands
as you explain, ''Now remember, you could have placed my lucky coin on any of the fifty -
two cards. "Square the deck and hold it in left-hand dealing position.

"It would be a small miracle if your card

was underneath my lucky coin, don't you
agree? For the first time, name your card.
The Two of Diamonds? And look-here,
under the lucky coin is the Two of Dia-
monds!" With your right hand, pick up the
card under the coin, grasping it in readiness
for the top change, and use it to flip the coin
over on the table.

Look at the miniature card on the coin as

you slyly remark, "You see, here, under the
coin is a Two of Diamonds." This remark
is directed toward those who may not yet
have recognized the card on the coin.
During the instant that the spectators
understand the joke and smile or laugh,
bring the right hand back to your body and
execute the top change as you move the left
hand forward with the deck to point to the
coin.

hnmediately shift your attention from the spectators to the coin and slip the card in your
right hand beneath it again-but this time with the miniature card displayed on the coin.
''I know, that wasn't bad, but you are probably a bit disappointed. You expected the real

THE TOP CHANGE 243

card under the coin to be yours, and I took advantage of you with a siUy play on words.
But don'tforget that you chose one card from this deck using the lucky coin. "Spread the
deck briefly between your hands, then set it aside as you look meaningfully at the specta-
tors and say slowly and emphatically, ''And do you know why this is my lucky coin?
Because the card under the coin reaUy is your Two of Diamonds!" A cognac for every-
one, if you please.

Fi1W1Note
You can avoid the spread control by sim- convincing; and second, because it pro-
ply controlling the force card to the top vi des excellent cover for practicing
after the force. But I recommend the multiple techniques.
above version: first, because it is more

244 CARD COLLEGE

 Bibliographic Notes
Publication dates shown r(}fiect those offirst editions; however, in instances where pub-
lishers have changed, the publisher thought to be nwst recent is given.
1
See page 36, The Royal Road to Card Magic, Faber and Faber: London, 1948.
2
See "Reaping the Aces" in Genii, The Conjurors' Magazine, Vol. 29, No.4, Dec. 1964, Larsen.:
Los Angeles; page 220. This trick can also be fmmd in The Classic Magic of Lany Jen -
nings, by Mike Maxwell, L & L Publishing: Lake Tahoe; 1986, page 130. It is only fair ro
add that there has been some controversy concerning the creator of this method. and
some believe it to be Edward Marlo's.
3
This Stover refinement appeared in MiUion DoUar Card Secrets by Frank Garcia, Million
Dollar Productions: New York; 1972, page 93. However, Mr. Garcia failed to mention
the 1-shape traced by the fingertip. This touch, although seemingly minor, is stressed
by Mr. Stover as an important element to the cut. It is mentioned in this text for the first
time, with Mel Stover's kind permission.
4
See "Falsches Mi'lchen" in Dernwderne Kartenkiinstler by Conradi-Horster, Edition Olrns :
ZUrich; 1896, page 19. Although such false cuts go back centuries, the first handling
explained is frequently credited to Jay Ose. See Close-up Card Magic by Harry Lorayne.
Louis Tannen: New York; 1962, page 93.
5
See 3 Pet Secrets by Nick Trost, Hades Publications: Calgary; 1964, page 3.
6
See Method 3 under "Three Methods of Eliminating the Pass" in The Eliminators by
U. F. Grant, O'Neil Magic: Columbus; 1943.
7
See Cy Endfield's Entertaining Card Magic, Part 2 by Lewis Ganson, Supreme Magic:
Bideford; 1956, page 21.
8
See Revelations by Dai Vernon, Magical Publications: Pasadena; 1984, page 141.
9
See Fingertip Control by Edward Marlo, Marlo: Chicago; 1956, page 18.
10
See Dai Vernon's Ultimate Secrets of Card Magic by Lewis Ganson, L & L Publishing:
Lake Tahoe; 1995, page 101.
11
See The Card Classics of Ken Krenzel by Harry Lorayne, Harry Lorayne, Inc.: New York;
1978, page 212.
12
See The TarbeU Course in Magic, Volume 5 by Harlan Tarbell, D. Robbins & Co., Inc.:
Brooklyn; 1948, page 96.
13
See "The New Knife and Selected Cards" in The Magical Monthly, Vol. 2, No. 10, July 1925,
Edward Bagshawe: London; page 199.
14
See Ken Krenzel's Close-up Impact by Stephen Minch, Hermetic Press: Seattle; 1990, page 13,
for historical background on this force, which is based on Henry Christ's 203rct force.
15
See "Another Spectator Cuts the Aces" in The Unexpected Card Book by Edward Marlo,
Marlo: Chicago; 1974, page 209.
16
A published source is not known.
17
See Stars of Magic, D. Robbins & Co., Inc.: Brooklyn; 1946, page 15.
18
See page 389, Expert Card Technique, Dover, Publications, Inc.: New York; 1940.
19
See The Expert at the Card Table by S. W Erdnase, Magic, Inc.: Chicago; 1902, page 38.
20
The Diaconis trick that inspired me may be found in Revelations by Dai Vernon, page vii.
Those who preceded me in the handling I devised were Jack McMillen and Judson S.
Brown, with their "Telltale Color" in The Sphinx, Vol. XXXIII, No. One, March 1934,
Sphinx Publishing Corp: New York; page 12. McMillen and Brown made the glimpse of
the selection while riffling off half the cards to divide the deck for a dovetail shuffle. Mil-
bourne Christopher, working from a note written by Jean Hugard several months after
"Telltale Color" was published, used a tabled riffle shuffle as the moment to obtain the
glimpse. See Hugard's Magic Monthly, Vol. XVIII, No. 9, May 1961, page 99.
21 While this red-black shuffle is frequently credited to Laurie Ireland, it was first published in
1919, in a trick titled "The Dealing Dovetail Detection" by Charles T. Jordan, in his Thirty
Card Mysteries, Magic, Ltd: Oakland; page 25.
22 See Genii, The Conjurors' Magazine, Vol. 36, No.5, May 1972, Larsen: Los Angeles;
page 228. This also appears in Card Secrets of Bruce Cervon: The Real Work by Bruce
Cervon, Cervon: Los Angeles; 1976, page 32.
23
See Faro Controlled Miracles by Edward Marlo, Marlo: Chicago; 1964, page 46.
24
See "P P P P" in The Linking Ring, Vol. 49, No. 10, Oct. 1969, International Brotherhood
of Magicians: Kenton; page 66. Subsequently, Father Cyprian, Shigeo Takagi, Gary Ouel-
let and others devised variant handlings of the idea
25
A published source is not known.
26
See The Best ofBenzais by John Benzais, Haines House of Cards: Norwood; 1967, page 37.
27
Karl Fulves reports that Michael Schwartz described this flop-over production in a 1983
letter to him. To secure credit for Schwartz, Fulves published his description in New
Card Rises, Fulves: Teaneck, N.J., 1996; page 13.
28
This plot first saw print by Marlo under the name "Penetration" in The Sphinx, Vol. XLVII,
No. Four, June 1948, Sphinx Publishing Corp.: New York; page 89.
29 See "The Partagas 'Sell'" in FareUi 's Card Magic, Part Two by Victor Farelli, Edward Bag-
shawe & Co.: London; 1933, page 42. ·
30
See The Royal Road to Card Magic, page 67.
31
Conveyed to the author personally. Believed to be unpublished.
32
See The Jinx, No. 80, February 1940, D. Robbins & Co., Inc.: Brooklyn; page 522.
33 See The Magic of Jimmy Grippo by Geno Munari, G-M Pulbication: Las Vegas; 1981,
page 23.
34 For information on Moe and his "Move a Card" trick, see Moe and His Miracles with Cards
by William P Miesel, Jeff Busby Magic, Inc.: Oakland; 1986.
35 See Paul Rosini's Magical Gems by Rufus Steele, W F. Steele: Chicago; 1950, page 32.
36
See Dai Vernon's More Inner Secrets of Card Magic by Lewis Ganson, Supreme Magic Co.:
Bideford; 1960, page 76.
37
See The PaUbearers Review, Vol. 9, No.5, March 1974, Fulves: Teaneck; page 715.
38
See Off the Top by Edward Marlo, Magic, Inc.: Chicago; 1945, page 6.
39
SeeMore Magic by Professor Hoffmann, Martin Breese: London; 1890, page 9.

246 CARD COLLEGE

40
See Dai Vernon$ Tribute to Nate Leipzig by Lewis Ganson, Supreme Magic Co.: Bideford:
1963, page 170.
41
See ".. . and a Pack of Cards" by Jack Merlin, Tannen's Magic: New York; 1929. page :?0.
2
~ SeeMore Card Manipulations, No.2, byJeanHugard, Dover Publications. Inc.: :\e\Y York:
1939, page 25 [73].
43
By Ottokar Fischer (English translation by S. H. Sharpe), Dover Publications. Inc.: :\e\\·
York; 1910, page 26.
44
The earliest printed reference for this forcing idea discovered to date appears in T7ze .\!agic
World, Vol. 2, No.2, April15, 1918, The Magic World Publishing Co.: Philadelphia: page I.
This article, unearthed by Jon Racherbaumer, bears no author or attribution for the force.
45
Published in Fred Robinson's lecture notes, Robinson: London; c. 1981, page 1-l. It o
appears in The Ken Brooke Series, Number 5 by Ken Brooke, Ace Place Productim
Ltd.: Liverpool; 1982, page 1. However, very similar approaches to this force preceded
Mr. Robinson's. See, for instance, "Imped"ection Force" in Marlo in Spades by Ed\\·ard
Marlo; Magic, Inc.: Chicago; 1947, page 8.
46
See Deck Deception by Edward Marlo, Magic, Inc.: Chicago; 1942, page 11.
47
See The Royal Road to Card Magic, page 191.
48
See CoUinss Card Conceits by Stanley Collins, Collins: London; 1925, page 14.
49
See Elmsley's "Still Taking Three" in Pentagram, Vol. 10, No. 12, Sept. 1956, Warlock:
Nottingham; page 91; and Marlo's "Face-up Switch and Effect" in The New Tops, \'ol. -l,
No.2, Feb. 1964, Abbott's Magic Manufacturing Co.: Colon; page 17. Students interested
in the complex history of this concept will also wish to read Jon Racherbamner·s
cmmnentary in The Olram File, Vol. 1, No.4, April1991, The Cardician Press: Chicago;
page 12; and Stephen Minch's in The CoUected Works ofAle.x Elrnsley, Volume II, L & L
Publishing: Lake Tahoe; 1994, page 116.
60
See The Secrets of Conjuring and Magic by Robert-Houdin (English translation by
Professor Hoffmann), Magico: New York; 1868, page 147.
51
The Secrets of Conjuring and Magic, page 150.
52
This trick is closely modeled on "The Pulse Trick" described in The Royal Road to Card
Magic, page 226.
3
'o;: See The Jinx, No. 31, April1937, page 198.
54
See The Secrets of Conjuring and Magic, page 151.
6
' See Dai Vernon$ Ultimate Secrets of Card Magic by Lewis Ganson, L & L Publishing:
Lake Tahoe; 1969, page 65.
56
Jack Merlin, on page 52 of ... and a Pack of Cards, describes a closely related precursor of
this bold switch. Mr. Merlin may have brought the idea from the ganli:ng tables.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTES 247

 Index
A controlled riffle shuffle 9
Coue, Emil 125
Acrobat Family, The 123-124
Coue Test, The 125-126
<esthetic 4
Court Card Conclave 63
all-around square-up 20
credits xiii
Armemarm, Theodore xii, 6, 133, 228
crimp 79
Ascanio, Arturo de xi, xii, 6, 236
crisscross force 85, 224
ATFUS 208-210
cull 186
B D
Baker, Al xii
da Vmci, Leonardo 6
Balducci, Ed 86
Daley, Dr. Jacob xii
Balducci force 86-87
de Ferara, Jasone 6
Baxter, Ian 114
De Sutilitate 6
Benzais flourish spin cut 116
dealing cards 24--25
Benzais, John 116
dealing cards face down 25
Bertram, Charles 6
dealing cards face up 26
best way to learn from this book 2
dealing position 15-16
boomerang card 175-176
Design for Laughter 125
Braue addition 204-206
Dhotel, Dr. Jules 7, 178
Braue, Frederick xii, 6, 49, 51, 101, 125, 204
Diaconis, Persi 113
break 28-32
Dingle, Derek 7
break, covering transfer of 198-200
Discoverie of Witchcraft 7
break, transferring from thmnb to little finger 198
double cut 95-96
break, transferring from thlllllb to heel ofthlllllb 197
double lift 8, 129-130
bridge-size decks 9-10
double turnover 130-131
broad one-handed fan 181-182
draw method of dealing 25
buckle 212-213
dribbling cards 24
c E
card case 11
economics 3
card decks 10
Editorial Frakson xii
cardsize 10
elevated dealing position 18
Cardanus 6
Elevator Cards 123
Cervantes, Miguel de 5
Elmsley, Alex 7, 208
Cervon, Bruce 114, 116
endgrip 17
Cervon pivot revelation 117
Endfield, Cy 72
Chamberlain, Kenneth 228
Erdnase, S. W xii, 4, 7, 107
changes 232
Escorial conferences xi
Charles V, Emperor 6
Escuela Magica de Madrid x, xi
Charlier 172
Expert at the Card Table, The 7
Charlier cut 172-173
Expmt Card Technique 101
Ciuro, Padre R. P. Wenceslao xii 7
classicforce 217-224 '
close-up pad 12
F
closed riffle shuffle 3 false cut from the hand, optical 57
Collins, Stanley 206 false cut, simple 59
complete cut 21 false cut, triple 60
Conradi-Horster 7, 60 false deal 8
control of the bottom card (overhand shuffle) 43-44 false riffle shuffle 10
control of the bottom stock (overhand shuffle) 47-48 false shuffle 8
control of the bottom stock (riffle shuffle) 109 false swing cut 58
control of the top card (overhand shuffle) 43 fanning powder 11
control of the top stock (overhand shuffle) 44-46 Findley, Arthur 49
control of the top stock (riffle shuffle) 109 Fischer, Ottokar 7

248 CARD COLLEGE

flourishes 168 K
fanning a little-finger break under multiple card 31
Kalush, William 7
fanning a little-finger break under the top card-one-
Kaplan, George G. xii
handed method 30
Kaufman, Richard 7
fanning a little-finger break under the top card-two-
key card 79, 136-144
handed method 29
key card in a hand-to-hand spread 131-1:
foml.ing an injog 44
key card in a ribbon spread 138-1-lO
fortunetelling 6
key card, letting spectator shuffle ''ith 1-l--1
Fox, Karrell 81
key card, placing with Hindu shuffle 151- 1.-
G key card, shuffling with 144
key-card control in a hand-to-hand spread 1-1:2-1+3
gamblers 7
key-cardplacement 137-140
Ganson, Lewis 7, 239
Krenzel, Ken 77
Garcia, Frank 7
Gaultier, Camille xii, 7 L
Gem1an Card Workshop 224
get-ready 128 Lavand, Rene xii
Galasso, Horatio 7 Le Paul, Paul xii
Giochi di carte beUissimi regola 7 Leipzig, Nate 173
glide 121-122 Lie Detector, The 91-92
glimpse and placement 140-142 little-finger break 28-29
glimpse of bottom card with a Hindu shuffle 157 little-finger count 7, 201-202
Goldin force 88-89 Lorayne, Hany 7
Goldin, Horace 88 Lucky Card, The 164-165
Goldstein, Phil 7 Lucky Coin, The 241-244
Good Number, A 191
Grant, U. F. 68
M
Grippo, Jimmy 145 M.I.N.T, Volume 1 210
Magic Phone Nwnber, The 191- 192
H Magus Card, The 162-164
hand care 9 Marlo, Edward xii, 7, 75, 87,
hands 8 123, 171, 191, 208, 210
Harris, Paul xii Maro, Sven 132
HatTrick 62 Maskelyne, John N. xii
Headliner! 228--229 Merlin, Jack 177
Hilliard, John N. xii, 7 Metan1orphosis 239-241
Hindu shuffle 79, 155-156 Minch, Stephen 7
Hindu shuffle control of a single card 160-161 Moe's Move a Card 145
Hindu shuffle control of multiple cards 161 Monarchs' Quartette 239
Hindu shuffle force 158-159 Monreal, Luis 5
Hoffmann, Professor xii, 7 Moser, Fritz 132
Hofzinser, J. N. xii, 4, 7, 186, 189 multiple controls 161
Holden, Max 85 multiple peek control 76-77
Horster, Conrad 7, 60 multiple shifts 161
how to get the most from this book 1
Hugard, Jean xii, 7, 49, 51, 101, 125 0
one-card middle pass 77-79
I open riffle shuffle 3
Ingold 6 outjog 23
ir\jog 31, 44 outjogging cards as they are spread between the
ir\jog shuffle 44-46 hands 23
inner gan1e 221-222 outs 222-224
overhand shuffle 39-48
J overhand shuffle control 67
ja.'>S 5, 9
Jay, Ricky 4
p
Jennings, Larry xii, 51,239 Pacioli, Luca 6
Jinx change 240 palming 8, 24
Jordan, Charles 113 Partagas, Joaquin 125
Jun1ping Pulse, The 227-228 pass 8, 79

INDEX 249
peek control 72-74 squaring after the riffle shuffle 107-108
peek control for two cards 75-76 squaring the deck 19
Phenomenal Memory, A 145-146 stage manipulations 168
Pinetti, Giuseppe 7 step 33
piquet 6, 9 stock 40
poker-size decks 10-11 Stover, Mel 57
pop-up card 178 stud method of dealing 26
post-peek overhand shuffle control 74-75 swingcut 27
swivelcut 173-174
Q
Question Is ... , The 81 T
Tamariz, Juan xi, 7, 145, 203, 221
R Tarbell, Harlan x:ii
Red-black Location, The 113-114 Tarot 6
red-black overhand shuffle 113 Taytelbaum Ace production 115
reverse one-handed fan 182-183 Taytelbaum, Eddy 115
ribbon spread 35--36 terminology 3
ribbon spread control with a key card 143 Teschner, Rainer 224
ribbon spread turnover 183-184 theory 4
riffle force 224-226 Thot Echo 149
riffle shuffle, closed 105-107 Thought Stealer 49-51
riffle shuffle, Jack Merlin's 177-178 thumb break 32
riffle shuffle, open 108-109 thumb count 7 197-200
riffle shuffle starting position 105 time misdirection 85
riffle shuffle stock controls 109 tip-over addition 206-208
riffling the cards 34 top change 233-238
Rise and Swap 132 top change covers 236-238
Robert-Houdin, J. E. xii, 7, 221, 223, 232 transfer cuts 79, 94-98
Robinson, Fred xi, 189 treating cards 11
Rosini, Paul 147 Trick That Cannot be Explained, The 148
Rossetti, Carlo 7 Triple Coincidence 99-101
Roterberg, August xii, 7 triple cut from bottom to top 98
Rousseau, Jean Jacques 7 triple cut from top to bottom 97
Royal F1ush Finale 114-118 Trost, Nick 63
Royal Road to Card Magic, The xi.i, 49 turning over the top card I 169
running single cards 42 turning over the top card Il 170
turning over the top card ill 171
s turning over the top card IV 124
Scame, John 99 two-handed fan 179-180
Schwartz, Michael 116
Schwartz, Sam 149 u
Scot, Reginald 7 under-the-spread force 189-190
secret addition of cards 203-204
Seidenstein, "Moe" 145 v
Seventh Son of a Seventh Son 101-102
Veeser, Bob 51, 114
Shamus Card, The 80 Vernon, Dai xi, xii, 7, 74, 76, 94, 148, 168, 170
shuffle action 40 Vollmer, Richard 7
shuffling off 40
single, double and multiple push-over 211-212
skat 6, 10
w
ski-jump 29 waterfall riffle shuffle 110-112
slip cut from dealing position 61 "whoops!" control 68, 136
Slydini, Tony x:ii Williamson, David 202
soap 9 wind-up gag 179
Soma, Francesco 6 y
somersaulting card production 116
Spectator Cuts the Aces, The 31, 51-53 YourNumber-YourCard 147-148
spread cull 79, 187-189
spreading the cards in the hands 21
z
spring riffle shuffle 176-177 zinc sterate 11

250 CARD COLLEGE

 May of the Hands
tip of the fmger
outer phalanx base of the little fmg!! pad of the finger

outside of the finger

inside of the fmger

inside of
the thumb
outside of
the thumb

upper heel of
the thumb

lower heel of
the thumb

heel of the palm

fo<k of the finge~

~··
outer joint back of the fmger
middle joint

inner joint

back of the hand

\
I
( fork of the thumb \
 May of the Deck

Iii ii I

outer left com er

Top of t he Deck
(here, the back of the deck) upper outer edge
lower outer edge

outer right comer

inner left com er

Bottom of t he Deck
(here, the face of the deck)
upper inner edge
lower inner edge

/ ioo" rtght com" lower right edge

I tiE l