NAME:

AYESHA SIDDIQUI
SUBJECT:AR(102)
B-ARCH(REGULAR)
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA
 BASIC
TOOLS
USED
IN
CARPENTARY
AND
MASONARY
TABLE OF CONTENT:

TOOLS USED BY CARPENTERS: TOOLS USED BY MASONS:

1.CLAW HAMMER...............................................4 1.STRAIGHT EDGES................................................19
2.SET OF SKEWDRIVERS...................................5 2.JOINTERS................................................................20
3.UTILITY KNIFE................................................6 3.SQUARE NOTCH TROWEL................................21
4.MALLET..............................................................7 4.MARGIN TROWEL...............................................22
5.HAND PLANE...................................................8 5.WIRE BRUSH.........................................................23
6.THE HAND SAW..............................................9 6.MASONRY SQUARE............................................24
7.SET OF CHISELS..............................................10 7.MASONS LINE......................................................25
8.POWER DRILL..................................................11 8.PICK AXE...............................................................26
9.CIRCULAR SAW...............................................12 9.SHOP-VAC.............................................................27
10.MEASURING TAPE.......................................13 10.LAZER LEVEL....................................................28
11.LEVER...............................................................14 11.ALLINGMENT TOOL.......................................29
12.TABLE SAW......................................................15 12.GAUGES..............................................................30
13.DRILL PRESS....................................................16 13GARDEN TROWEL............................................31
14.BENCH GRINDER..........................................17 14.PICHING.............................................................32
15.RULER...............................................................18 15.DIGGING SPADE..............................................33
TOOLS USED BY CARPENTERS

1.THE CLAW HAMMER

The hammer has been the carpenter’s signature tool for most of history. Usually
attached to his belt or laid on the workbench, it’s always within reach to hit a nail.
A carpenter should have a hammer that sits firmly in his hand and is comfortable
to swing with elbow motion.
USES
Hammers with round heads are usually superior in terms of hit pressure when driv-
ing a nail, but also safety, as without sharp edges, they won’t scratch the wood
around the nail. Be careful not to use the hammer for driving wood boards into
place when jointing. The mallet is much better suited for that job and won’t dam-
age the wood surface.
2. SET OF SCREWDRIVERS
You should make sure to have a set of screwdrivers for any work involving construc-
tion or furnishing. Philips head and a flat-head set of screwdrivers of various sizes
will suffice for almost every project, but other types can be seen in a carpenter’s line
of work, especially in North America.
USES
It’s a good idea to use exact-matching screws and screwdrivers, as a blade too wide
could damage the screw. Also, screwdrivers with longer shanks allow you to apply
more torque when turning the screw while also using less force.
3.UTILITY KNIFE
While a knife isn’t a tool directly used in carpentry as much as others on the list, it’s
still an essential piece of the arsenal. The utility knife has plenty of uses – cutting box-
es, strings, marking pieces of wood, stripping excess material, opening cans of wood
paint, etc. Carpenters always keep it in their pocket.
USES
Your utility knife should be lightweight, easy to grip, and have a replaceable stain-
less-steel blade, such as the American Stanley blade. Sheathed blades with a retract-
able design, such as the boxcutter design, are safer and more convenient, with better
protection.
4. MALLET
Mallets are similar to hammers, but perform better at specific tasks, especially joint-
ing. The mallet will be your best friend when it comes to pushing planks into place
and creating a tight fit, like with tongues and bevels of floorboards or when doing
furniture assembly.
USES
When using chisels or other hand tools that require force, it’s a good idea to drive
them with a mallet. Compared to the hammer’s usual metal head, the wood or rub-
ber head of the mallet will not deform or break the chisel handle.
5.HAND PLANE
Hand planers are one of the oldest tools of the trade, and they can be used both as
a basic tool for rough work or as a detailer for finishing steps. They are composed of
metal blades fastened to a long, flat stock with a diagonal handle for pushing.
USES
Dragging them across a flat surface will shave off strings of wood evenly, perfect for
trimming sides of planks and 2X4s. In the hands of a skilled craftsman, they can be
used to create round edges by shaving at a 45-degree angle, also known as edge
planing.
6.SET OF CHISELS
Chisels are carving tools composed of a sharp metal blade with a variety of shapes
and angles, attached to a wooden or metal handle. They are used to either shave
away material or outright break parts away when driven by a mallet.
USES
Carving is usually done during the working of the wood piece, while finishing touch-
es may involve soft tip chisels or just sanding. Another use for chisels is to shape cir-
cular pieces on a woodturning or lathe machine by applying gentle pressure evenly
and moving the chisel horizontally to shape the turned wood.
7.THE HAND SAW
The hand saw is your trusty companion in making rough cuts, such as sizing down pieces
of wood for further work. It’s a long, straight metal blade with sharp teeth attached to
a wooden or metal handle.
USES
Cutting is done by back and forth motion, and the blade has a series of teeth spaced out
equally between, and the number of teeth corresponds to the blade’s purpose. Fewer
teeth will lead to smoother cuts, and having more teeth will make cutting faster, albeit
less smooth from the additional tearing.
8.POWER DRILL
The power drill is a very versatile tool used both commercially and on a workshop lev-
el. Its uses may seem simple, limited to drilling holes and inserting screws or fasteners,
but the drill is backed by a plethora of attachments and drill bits, as well as settings for
speed, power, and torque.
USES
Almost all commercial power drills will have two rotation modes and two to three
power settings.
9.THE CIRCULAR SAW
The circular saw is your go-to option for making deep straight cuts. It’s also a rela-
tively simple tool, composed of a round blade attached directly to the motor axis.
USES
Carpenters commonly replace blades to adapt to the type of wood they are working
on.
10.MEASURING TAPE
The tape measure is a long, retractable aluminum meter. Carpenters use the
tape measure in every step of the project, from planning to building. It’s
not only used to measure parts or wood pieces, but also the area where the
final product is supposed to fit.
USES
A special tip to keep in mind when purchasing a tape measure is to get one
with a big grapple or tongue at the end of the metal tape. Such tape will
save you countless headaches from detaching and ruined measurements. If
you require fieldwork, picking up a belt attachable tape measure is a great
convenience.
11.LEVER
The importance of flat and stable carpentry products can’t be underestimated. Lev-
els have been around since the dawn of time in one form or another, beginning with
ropes, pendulums, water bottles, until it was finally perfected into the levels we
know today.
USES
The modern level is a flat metal bar marked with inches and meters, with small cap-
sules of liquid at the edges and the very center. When the surface is ideally level, the
air bubble inside the capsules will align with the lines on them.
12.TABLE SAW
A staple machine in the workshop is the table saw, seen in most woodwork relying on
long straight cuts.
USES
Table saws function similarly to circular saws, even having the same RPM values, with
the addition that they’re fixed to the underside of the table. They are used for squar-
ing lumber to a size necessary to be workable.
13.DRILL PRESS
The drill press, also known as pedestal drill, is a much superior alternative to regular
power drills when it comes to creating deep, wide, and completely straight holes.
USES
It’s a fixed rotator with attachable drill bits attached to a pole that can be carefully
moved and adjusted with a handle.
14.BENCH GRINDER
The bench grinder is a fixed rotary sanding tool commonly used with angles that can’t
be covered adequately by other machines.
USES
They function like a rotating barrel coated in grit paper, power by an electrical mo-
tor. They also find common use with metal tools, and carpenters generally use the
grinder as their sharpening stone.
15.RULER
The ruler is your reliable straight measuring tool used for stencils, marks, and sketch-
es. Rulers are primarily for measuring small distances on the wood’s surface and
drawing straight lines.
USES
It acts in the same way as the cornerstone in construction. It ensures a perfect 90-de-
gree angle on corners.
TOOLS USED BY MASONER
16.STRAIGHT EDGES
A straight edge is used to make level or plumb lines longer. It is generally about 1 ½
inches thick, six to ten inches wide, and up to 16 feet long.
USES
It is extremely important that the top and bottom edges of a straight edge are per-
fectly parallel. Even the slightest warp can throw everything off.
17.JOINTERS
Jointers are made to make mortar joints, the spaces between bricks where the mortar
is seen. Many jointers look like a long, flat metal bar that has been bent in the middle.
USES
They may be round, flat, or pointed. The shape that masons use is determined by the
type of joint they need to make.
18. V- or Square-Notch Trowel
The workhorse of masonry jobs, the v- or square-notch trowel is large and has two
sides that are straight and another two sides that are notched. These notches can ei-
ther be square or V-shaped, and they act essentially as a metered system for dispens-
ing mortar across a flat surface such as cement board.
USES
If you were to try to dispense the mortar evenly with the flat edge of a trowel, it would
be nearly impossible to disperse the mortar at even rates. By pressing the trowel’s
notches flat against the surface, the mortar extrudes from the notches evenly.
19. Margin Trowel
A margin trowel is a long, thin trowel used for heaping small amounts of mortar on
stone and spreading it.
USES
Margin trowels are used with narrow masonry units such as a manufactured stone ve-
neer in order to avoid spilling excess mortar over the sides of the veneer units. Margin
trowels, while not appropriate for every masonry project, are as close to a universal
trowel as you can get.
20. Wire Brush
Not all masonry tools are devoted to hammering, chopping, and cleaving. A wire
brush is indispensable with masonry work for brushing away rock chips or concrete
crumbs that accumulate in your work zone.
USES
when you chip open a crack in concrete prior to repairing it, a stiff wire brush and a
shop vacuum are just about the only way to remove all of that debris from the crack.
21. Masonry Square
The masonry square looks like a standard square, but it is usually made of wood or
plastic.
USES
The square is used at the corner of two perpendicular walls to make sure the bricks are
set at an exact 90° angle.
22. Mason’s Line
A mason’s line is a heavy twine that is used to mark out a complete wall in one shot.
The line is wrapped around blocks that are placed at each corner of the wall.
USES
The blocks are securely in the ground and the twine is tight, giving you a straight line
to follow.
23.PICK AXE
It is employed for rough dressing of stones and to split the stones in the quarry. It has a
long head pointed at both ends.
USES
used for chopping, splitting, chipping, and piercing.
24. SHOP-VAC
Shop VacWhile this may not be a power tool in the traditional sense, a shop-vac will
ensure that your working area is both safe and clean. Masonry dust is a considerable
hazard on many job sites, so it is always worthwhile to keep a shop-vac available for
the purpose of sucking up excess debris on the ground.
USES
A shop-vac can additionally be used to draw up excess water that may run off during
the process of cooling your cutting-based power tools.
25. Laser Level
Laser LevelManual levels can often do the day-to-day work of keeping your masonry
projects aligned. However, when absolute precision is necessary over the breadth of a
large project, only a laser level can promise perfect results.
USES
As long as they are properly calibrated, these compact levels can output precise
guides that never waiver from a flush alignment. Laser levels do come in several forms
though (including multi-line and tripod-mounted models), so be sure to figure out
which kind your project needs before buying one.
26. Alignment Tools
Plumb BobAlignment is absolutely crucial in masonry projects, so it is imperative that
you have a full arsenal of alignment tools at your disposal. At a basic level, this means
obtaining and keeping a mason’s square close at hand.
USES
These flat plastic tools make it easy to determine if your corners are perfectly squared.
Meanwhile, your alignment toolset should also include a mason’s level. For the most
part, these levels operate like a standard level, save for the shape and style of their
enclosure.
27. GAUGES
Gauges are a tool for keeping corners at the same height. Bricklayers also use Gauges
to keep even spaces between the bricks
USES
These are therefore very useful masonry tools for making your work neat.
28. Garden Trowel
Garden Trowels have a pointed scoop and will either have a wood, metal, or plastic
handle. They are typically used to break soil up in the garden. Garden Trowels are also
great for making small holes in the soil to plant things.
USES
Many gardeners also use them alongside a fork to de-weed areas.
29. Pitching
Utilize a pitching device to trim level stone to measure. Pitching chisel is a normal
stone bricklayers apparatus used to expel the undesirable stone from the face or sides
of a masonry hinder that is being taken a shot at.
USES
The state of the handle and the sharp edge is inclined uniquely on one side. Permit the
masons pitcher can be hit with a sideways swing.
30.DIGGING SPADE
A spade is a tool that people often associate with gardening tasks and not
masonry works. But there’s one spade type that can be used for bricklaying– the dig-
ging spade.
USES
With a digging spade, you can cut down into the ground at a more efficient rate. This
versatile tool can also be used in preparing trenches for walls and other structures to
be built.