Unleash the Scientist Within You:

Activity No. 1: Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

Objectives:
∙ To observe how intermolecular forces takes place in different liquid substances
Materials:
8 – 1 peso coin
4 medicine droppers
Water
Acetone
Alcohol
Cooking oil

Procedures:
A. Force of Attraction
1. Using a medicine dropper, carefully drop water on a 1- peso coin. Count the number of drops you can put in a coin by adding
little by little before it spills over the edge. Record your observation on the table below.
2. Repeat procedure no. 1 and use alcohol instead of water.
3. Repeat procedure no. 1 and use cooking oil instead of water.

B. Evaporation
4. Then on the next 4 coins, put 1 drop of each liquid in each coin and determine how much time it takes one drop to evaporate.
5. Note: Do not use the same dropper with a different liquid to avoid mixing it.
6. Complete the table below and answer the following guide questions.

Data and Observations:

Write and fill out this table in a short bond paper. Take a clear picture and upload it on the google form.
No. of drops the coin a hold Time it takes for 1 drop to evaporate

Water 39 5 minutes

Acetone 21 49 seconds

Alcohol 19 2 minutes

Cooking Oil 27 1minute

Guide Questions:
Answer the following guide questions and conclusion on the google form.
1. Which molecules can hold more drops on the coin? Why do you think so?
- The water molecules are the ones that can hold a larger number of drops on the coin than different atoms. Since the
water has a higher surface strain, it is the reason why the surface is more vigorous that can hold together a bigger
drop.
2. Which molecules took longer to evaporate? Why do you think so?
- It requires a longer time for the cooking oil molecules to evaporate than the other molecules. This is because cooking
oil is thicker and sticky and its intermolecular forces are stronger.

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 3. Are the molecules that can hold the lesser number of drops the same as the molecules that took less time to evaporate? What
do you think could be the possible reason?
- Indeed, the acetone is the molecule that has fewer drops can hold, and the acetone is the molecule that has taken
less time to dissipate. I assume it's because it has more vulnerable intermolecular forces, so it evaporates rapidly
and therefore does not take part from the bonding of hydrogen.
Conclusion

- I therefore conclude that there are intermolecular forces in various liquid substances that are also dissimilar because of their
atoms. It evaporates rapidly and has a low surface tension if the intermolecular forces are frail, and on the off chance that it
has stronger molecular forces the higher surface strain it has and it requires a longer period to dissipate.

Unleash the Scientist Within You:

Activity No.2: Viscosity of Liquids

Objectives:
∙ To compare the viscosity of three liquids; and
∙ To determine the viscosity of sample liquids.

Materials:
4 Marbles
4 ice candy plastics
Timer
Water
Cooking Oil
Any 1 of these:
Pancake Syrup
Honey

Procedures:
1. Fill the ice candy plastics with one of the liquid samples. Leave enough space (about 2-3 cm) at the top so the liquid does not
overflow. Each plastic must be filled up to the same height.
2. Simultaneously drop the marbles, use a timer to record the time it takes for the marble to reach the bottom.
3. Complete the table below and answer the following guide questions.

Data and Observations:

Write and fill out this table in a short bond paper. Take a clear picture and upload it on the google form.
Time (in seconds) Water Cooking oil Pancake Syrup Honey

Trial 1 1. 39s 2.57s 2.83s 23.76s

Trial 2 1.45s 2.80s 2.62s 22.93s

Trial 3 1.50s 2.79s 2.90s 23.53s

Average 1.45s 2.72s 2.78s 23.41s

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 Guide Questions:
Answer the following guide questions and conclusion on the google form.
1. In which liquid did the marble take the longest time to reach the bottom? Why do you think so?
- In order to hit the bottom, the honey took the longest time since honey has the greatest viscosity or the ability to
avoid flowing motion.
2. How would you rank the liquids in the order of decreasing viscosity?
- In the first rank is honey, and the second is cooking oil, and then the pancake syrup and last is the water.
3. What explanation can you give for observed viscosities?
- Compared to water, viscous liquids have the highest viscosity, which is why honey was the one who took the longest time to
touch the bottom of the carton.

Conclusion:

- To summarize everything, we can decide the consistency by distinguishing the thickness of the fluids. In this experiment we
have the consequence of high consistency and low thickness as you find in the information. This allows you to learn if the
fluids stream openly or not.

Unleash the Scientist Within You:

Activity No.3: Capillary Action

Objectives:
∙ To be able to observe how capillary action takes place.
Materials:
Transparent cups with the same height
water
food color (preferably 1 dark color and 1 light color)
paper towel/ tissue
stirring rod
Procedure:

1. Fill the two transparent cups with water.

2.Next, add ½ teaspoon of one color of food coloring to one cup and ½ teaspoon of the other color of food coloring to
the other cup. Use your teaspoon to mix the food coloring and the water until it is well mixed. This will help you
observe the capillary action easier.
3.Now orient each of your paper towels vertically and fold them in half twice, so you have two long, skinny paper
towels.
4.Put one end in the colored water and one end in the empty cup.
5.Repeat this for the other paper towel and colored water.
6.Observe the cup and answer the guide questions.

Guide Questions:
Answer the following guide questions and conclusion on the google form.
1. Does the colored water sips in the paper towel? Why and why not?
- Yes the colored water sips in the paper towel through the process called capillary action. Capillary action is the
capacity of a fluid to stream upward, against gravity in tight spaces.

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 2. Why does a paper towel absorb water upwards?
- The paper towels are composed of fibers called cellulose that makes the water streamed upwards through the tiny
holes between the cellulose fibers. The water pulled upwards because of the gaps in the paper towel that acted like
capillary tubes. Because of the attractive forces between the water and the cellulose fibers the water can resist
gravity for the liquid to flow upward.
3. What properties of water caused the water on the cup to move upward the paper towel?
- Water flows upward because of water adhesion to a vessel's walls that creates an upward force on the surfaces of
the liquid and leads in a meniscus that moves upwards.
4. How is capillary action related to surface tension?
- To keep the surface stable, the surface tension works. When the adhesion to the surface material is greater than the
cohesive forces between the water molecules, capillary action occurs. The level to which water can be carried by
capillary action is restricted by surface tension and gravity.

Conclusion

- I find this experiment amazing because I have learned that the water tends to be defying gravity, but due to a process called
capillary action, it keeps moving even in tight spaces. I have also learned that water is capable of moving against the force of
gravity because water molecules bind to each other and they adhere to the paper towel fibers.

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