Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 87 views

    Water Tanker DD31C52Ad01

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Khanna
    Tankering water via trucks is an expensive temporary measure that should only be used when more sustainable solutions cannot immediately be implemented, such as after emergencies or in areas with security/political issues. Good management is key for successful tankering operations, which require maintenance of vehicles, monitoring of performance, and ensuring water quality and reliable fuel/part supplies. Water should be transferred from tankers to storage tanks for efficient distribution to users via taps, reducing waste and improving access.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Water Tanker DD31C52Ad01

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Khanna
    87 views4 pages
    Tankering water via trucks is an expensive temporary measure that should only be used when more sustainable solutions cannot immediately be implemented, such as after emergencies or in areas with security/political issues. Good management is key for successful tankering operations, which require maintenance of vehicles, monitoring of performance, and ensuring water quality and reliable fuel/part supplies. Water should be transferred from tankers to storage tanks for efficient distribution to users via taps, reducing waste and improving access.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Tankering water via trucks is an expensive temporary measure that should only be used when more sustainable solutions cannot immediately be implemented, such as after emergencies or in areas with security/political issues. Good management is key for successful tankering operations, which require maintenance of vehicles, monitoring of performance, and ensuring water quality and reliable fuel/part supplies. Water should be transferred from tankers to storage tanks for efficient distribution to users via taps, reducing waste and improving access.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    87 views4 pages

    Water Tanker DD31C52Ad01

    Uploaded by

    Rohit Khanna
    Tankering water via trucks is an expensive temporary measure that should only be used when more sustainable solutions cannot immediately be implemented, such as after emergencies or in areas with security/political issues. Good management is key for successful tankering operations, which require maintenance of vehicles, monitoring of performance, and ensuring water quality and reliable fuel/part supplies. Water should be transferred from tankers to storage tanks for efficient distribution to users via taps, reducing waste and improving access.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    Delivering safe water

    by tanker
    World Health Organization

    When to use tankers made from flat bed trucks with portable storage tanks
    attached can be very dangerous if the tank is not
    Moving water by tankers should be avoided if possible.
    securely fastened. The delivery of bottled water may
    It is expensive and difficult to organize. It should be
    be a short term option but it is expensive and
    seen as a temporary measure to allow for the
    inefficient. It also produces a major solid waste
    development of a more sustainable solution. Tankering,
    problem from all the discarded empty water bottles.
    however, is a common method for delivering water
    immediately after an emergency has happened while
    more long term measures are being put in place; Tanker management
    where the emergency is thought to be temporary and Consider the following points when organizing a
    the situation will return to normal soon; and where tankering programme:
    security and political problems make it difficult to
    change to a more sustainable approach. In the last „ Good management is the key to successful
    case, tankering may continue for long periods tankering. Identify reliable and capable supervisors.
    – sometimes for years. Closely monitor tanker performance, fuel
    consumption and spare parts use.
    Tankering is a major logistical operation. It requires a
    fleet of vehicles that require frequent maintenance and „ Get clearance from local authorities and owners
    proper management. Tankers full of water are heavy before using a water source. Check the water’s
    vehicles and the operation may require regular attention quality and reliability before committing to its use.
    to the access routes if they are to remain open.
    „ Tankers may have been used for carrying other
    The key to a successful tankering operation is good liquids before the emergency. Always insist on all
    management, and proper financing. tankers being properly cleaned and disinfected
    before being used to carry water (see Note 3).
    Types of tanker
    „ Establish detailed contracts with private tankering
    Water can be carried in a variety of different containers,
    contractors. Payment should be based on the
    some specifically designed for the task and others
    quantity and quality of water delivered not the
    fabricated to meet an urgent need. Figure 1 shows a
    working time. Establish a monitoring system at the
    selection of different vehicles for carrying water.
    delivery point to check the quantities delivered.
    If possible, try to use specially designed water tankers.
    „ Make sure the routes to be taken by the tankers are
    They will be safer and more reliable. Temporary tankers
    capable of carrying the wheel loads. You may have
    to reinforce bridges and resurface sections of road.

    „ Choose the right tanker for the job. Some sites may
    be inaccessible and unsuitable for large tankers.
    Others may require water to be transported over
    long distances that would be unsuitable for small
    tractor drawn bowsers.

    „ Arrange an adequate supply of fuel. If the area has


    been hit by an emergency, supplies of fuel may be
    disrupted and there will be a high demand from
    other emergency services. It may be necessary to
    set up a temporary fuel storage depot to ensure a
    reliable supply.

    WHO – Technical Notes for Emergencies Technical Note No. 12 Draft revised: 7.1.05 1
    Delivering safe water by tanker

    The provision of storage tanks increases the efficiency


    of the tankering system and extends the time over
    which users can collect water. It also improves the
    quality of the water as it provides additional storage
    time before use.

    There are many different designs for storage tank,


    some specifically developed for emergency situations
    and others adapting existing equipment and ideas.
    Always raise tanks off the ground so that users can
    A temporary tanker get their containers under the outlet tap. Tankering
    (Temporaty tankers made from flat bed trucks with portable storage tanks efficiency can be further increased by fitting the tanker
    attached can be very dangerous if the tank is not securely fastened.) with a water pump so that the water can be pumped
    into the storage tanks rather than allowing it to flow by
    gravity.
    „ A well managed tankering programme is heavily
    dependent on staff relations. Drivers are particularly Access is improved if the storage tank is connected to
    important. Make sure they are properly paid, have a tap stand. This moves the users away from the
    adequate rest periods and have the proper storage tank that reduces the problems associated
    equipment. Make clear the divisions of with wasted water and vandalism and allows more
    responsibility for the different tasks such as people to collect water at the same time.
    loading, chlorination and pump operation. Don’t
    forget to consider the security of the vehicle and its
    driver and make appropriate arrangements.

    „ If the driver is to look after other machinery (such


    as water pumps), make sure they are properly
    trained in their use and day to day maintenance.

    „ Tankers are machines and need regular


    maintenance. Build a regular maintenance schedule
    into the programme to keep the delivery reliable
    and ensure a good supply of spare parts and
    mechanics to fit them.
    Providing water in an emergency is only successful if
    the users also have suitable containers to collect and
    Water distribution and collection store it. Domestic containers come in a wide variety of
    The simplest method of distributing water from tankers designs. One of the most popular
    is to allow the public to collect it directly from the is the jerry can. Provided it is
    vehicle. This method is slow and reduces the number of fitted with a lid, the jerry can is
    trips the vehicle can do each day. Efficiency can be easily carried in the hand or on
    improved slightly by fitting a tap bar on the back of the the head. The problem with jerry
    tanker but the best method is to transfer the water from cans is that they are difficult to fill,
    the tanker to a storage tank. causing a high proportion of water
    to be wasted, and they are almost
    impossible to clean on the inside.
    If used for extended periods they
    can become a serious health
    hazard.

    The other common design of container is the bucket.


    These are cheap to buy, easy to fill but hard to carry
    when full. Water is easily spilt during carriage and the
    large open water surface can easily lead to
    contamination. These problems can be reduced by
    fitting the bucket with a tight fitting lid that can be
    removed for filling and cleaning.

    2 Draft revised: 7.1.05 Technical Note No. 12 WHO – Technical Notes for Emergencies
    Delivering safe water by tanker

    Emergency water tanks

    WHO – Technical Notes for Emergencies Technical Note No. 12 Draft revised: 7.1.05 3
    Delivering safe water by tanker

    Calculating tankering requirements

    A community affected by an earthquake requires 200,000 litres of water a day to be tankered in. The water is
    to be collected from a borehole 10km from the community. Estimate the number of tankers that will be
    required to deliver the quantity of water required.

    The following activities are assessed to take these times:

    Filling the tanker 20 min


    Travel time from borehole to community 30 min
    Offloading time for tanker 10 min
    Return travel time 30 min
    Net turnaround time 90 min
    Add 30% for unforeseen activities 30 min
    Gross turnaround time 120 min

    Assume each tanker can work 14 hours per day using two drivers then the number of trips each tanker can
    make a day is: 14 x 60/120 = 7

    If each tanker can carry 5,000 litres per trip then one tanker can transport 5,000 x 7
    = 35,000 litres per day

    Therefore the number of tankers required to deliver sufficient water is 200,000/35,000


    = 5.7 say 6 tankers

    Further information
    Davis, J. and Lambert, R. (2002)
    Engineering in Emergencies – A practical guide
    for relief workers”, 2nd edition,
    ITDG Publishing, UK.

    World Health Organization


    WHO Headquarters Telephone: (+ 41 22) 791 21 11
    Avenue Appia 20 Facsimile: (+ 41 22) 791 31 11
    1211 Geneva 27 Telex: 415 416
    Switzerland Telegraph: UNISANTE GENEVA

    This information has been prepared by WEDC


    Author and Series Editor: Bob Reed Design: Glenda McMahon Illustrations: Rod Shaw Graphics: Ken Chatterton
    Water, Engineering and Development Centre, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
    Phone: +44 1509 222885 Fax: +44 1509 211079 E-mail: WEDC@lboro.ac.uk Website: www.lboro.ac.uk/wedc

    4 Draft revised: 7.1.05 Technical Note No. 12 WHO – Technical Notes for Emergencies

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy