Name:___Annalise Bielefeld_______________________________________________Date:________Class:______

WHAP|Unit One “The Global Tapestry c. 1200-1450” Reading Guide

Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using
specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their
reading will not do well in this course. Your answers must be TYPED and in RED, unless you get permission from your teacher to
handwrite the assignment. Any assignments not following these instructions will receive a ‘0’.

UNIT 1.1|Developments in East Asia (AMSCO Pages 3 - 11)

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) Significance (Why this term matters)

1. Song Dynasty A dynasty in China that was from 960-1279 found The Song Dynasty May have ruled a smaller land
by Zhao Kuangyin. but the arts flourished and many advancements
were made in technology.

2. Grand Canal A waterway transport system that is 30,000 miles It let China become the most populous trading
long. area in the world.

3. Champa rice A quick growing and drought resistant rice from Because it grew so quick there was a surplus
the Champa Kingdom in Vietnam. allowing for the population to grow.

4. Tributary system Another income for the government, it was to It showed China’s economic and political power
show honor to the emperor. over other countries.

5. Kowtow A ritual you do to meet an emperor, you bow your Was expected to be preformed my tributary
head until it reached the floor. countrie’s leaders to show respect.

6. Scholar Gentry A new class created by the expansion of Since they were educated in Confucianism they
bureaucracy. became the most influential class in China.

7. Foot binding A practice where women’s feet would be tightly It was only done by rich women seeing as you
bound so the bones didn’t form right and couldn’t use your feet normally and was desired by
therefore gave them small feet. men because it meant up you were rich. It was
bannned in 1912.

8. Zen Buddhism Buddhist and Daoiat teaching and elements Emphasized meditation and direct experience,
combined. became very popular, threat to government.

9. Filial piety The duty of family to subordinate their wants to It helped the Song maintain power because it
the men and ruler. pushed to respect your elders.

10. Neo-Confucianism Grew between 770-840 in China, it combined It also became popular in Japan, Korea, and
rational thought with Buddhism and Daoism and Vietnam.
emphasized ethics.

11. Sinification The following of assimilation with Chinese Since China was so big and powerful surrounding
traditions and practices. countries struggled to not let them influence too
much and keep their own culture.

Objective Key Developments

Explain the A. Explain how an imperial bureaucracy/meritocracy works.

systems of The government appointed official that passed the civil service exam, meritocracy, to carry out the empires
government
policies, bureaucracy.
employed by
Chinese B. How did the Song Dynasty’s imperial bureaucracy represent a political continuity?
dynasties and It allowed them to have a definitive and strong political system to rule the people.
how they C. How did the imperial bureaucracy change over time?
developed With more people passing the civil service exam more people were able to rise to power.
over time.
D. How did Song China also utilize Confucianism to maintain control (see pg. 8)?
He intergrated it with being able to make money and have power.
E. How did China’s imperial bureaucracy/meritocracy lead to the decline of the Song?
By creating so many jobs it dried up the government’s wealth.

Explain the A. What lasting economic impact did the Tang Dynasty have on the Song Dynasty?
effects of They promoted agriculture, roads, canals, technology, and trade.
innovation on B. Trade networks:
the Chinese
economy over • How did the Grand Canal allow Song China to flourish economically?
time. It allowed them to trade more easily and with more people.
• What major trade network allowed China to trade items and technology (like guns) with Eurasia?
The Silk Road connected them.
• What two major developments allowed Song China to trade by sea?
1. Expanding the canal
2. Advances in naval technology

C. Give examples of and explain how innovations in agriculture led to population growth and economic success.
They started to plant Champa rice which grew fast so they developed a food surplus which allowed population to
grow and for them spot sell it.
D. China’s earlier discovery of coal led to the manufacturing of steel.
• How did steel impact Song China?
They not only used it for recreational purposes but they made their inventions stronger.
• List three other items of trade from Song China.
1. Porcelain
2. Silk
3. Tea

E. Song China became increasingly commercialized during proto industrialization.

• Explain what commercialization means for an economy.
Their economy changed from local consumption to market production.
• Explain how Song China continued to rely on free peasant and artisan labor.
They relied on it to build the things that helped the economy, increasing circulation, promoting
growth.
F. Explain how the Tributary System supported both economic and political power for Song China.
It not only gave Song more money from other countries but it allowed them to maintain power over other
countries

Explain the A. Prior to the Song Dynasty, most of Chinese society lived in rural areas. How does Song China differ from earlier
effects of history, and what makes this change happen?
Chinese
The prominence of production moved people to cities.
cultural
traditions on B. From most powerful to least powerful, list the six classes of social hierarchy.
East Asia 1. Most powerful - emperor
over time. 2. B-nobles
3. C-scholar gentry
4. D-farmers
5. E-artisans
6. Least powerful – merchants

C. What evidence is there that Chinese society was patriarchal (male dominated).
Confucian teachings said for women to defer to men.
D. Intellectual pursuits, such as literature, thrived in the Song Dynasty. What inventions from earlier Chinese
history allowed this to happen?
Paper and printing allowed to flourish with the woodblock printing.
E. Buddhism continued to shape societies in Asia, especially in Song China
 • How did it migrate to China?
It came through the silk roads.
• What do the three main types (Theravada, Mahayana, and Tibetan) of Buddhism have in common?
They all believed in the four noble truths and the eight fold path.
• Explain how Zen Buddhism is a syncretic religion.
It combines Buddhist and Daoist teachings.
• Buddhism posed a problem for the Tang Dynasty, who grew jealous. How did the Song Dynasty treat
Buddhism (make sure to include Neo-Confucianism in your answer).
It made Daoists and Confucians jealous, Song didn’t encourage it but they were friendly to them.
F. For each of the following countries, analyze the process and impact of Sinification.
• JAPAN
o Similarities to China:
Promoted Buddhism, politics, literature, and art
o Differences:
Practiced feudalism
• KOREA
o Similarities to China:
Politics, culture, Confucianism, Buddhism, and writing system
o Differences:
Languages and aristocracy
• VIETNAM
o Similarities to China:
Writing system and architectural styles
o Differences:
Women had more freedom and liked nuclear families

UNIT 1.2| Developments in Dar al-Islam (AMSCO Pages 15 - 19)

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) Significance (Why this term matters)

1.House of Wisdom Learning center in Baghdad for Islamic community. Helped transfer and spread knowledge through
Afro-Eurasia.

2.Hijab Practice of either dressing modestly or a head Some people choose to wear the coverings to get
covering to cover hair. closer to Allah.

3.Swahili A language blended from Bantu and Arabic spoken Spoken today in the African Great Lakes region and
in East Africa. Southeast Africa.

4.Battle of Tours A lost battle against Frankish forces in 732. Limited the Islamic expansion into Western Europe.

5.“People of the Muslims, Jews, and Christians living under al- Muslims not only tolerated them but learned from
Book” (Dhimmi) Andalus. them.

Objective Key Developments

Explain how A. Throughout the chapter are references to the teachings of Islam and Muhammad. Go through and summarize
systems of the impact of Islamic teachings on:
belief and • Tolerance:
their Tolerated very well and even learned from others.
practices • Education:
affected Education thrived under Islam and they made many discoveries.
society in the • Economics:
period from They promoted trade and prospered.
c. 1200-1450.
 • Slavery:
It prohibits enslaving other Muslims or monotheistics, but allowed other to be enslaved.
• Women:
Didn’t allow female infanticide and women were treated better than in other cultures.

Explain the A. The Abbasid Empire began to crumble in the 1100s and 1200s due to attacks from outsiders. Summarize the
causes and key characteristics/significance of each group below:
effects of the • Mamluks:
rise of Islamic Slaves that Arabs bought, were soldiers, eventually seized government and formed Mamluk
states over Sultanate.
time. • Seljuk Turks:
Muslims who conquered the Middle East in the 11th century, lead by sultan.
• Crusaders:
Muslims and Christians fought over holy lands, Muslims limited access for Christians so they fought.
• Mongols:
Conquered remaining Abbasid Empire in 1258, came from Central Asia.
B. Explain what/how economic challenges also led to the decline of the Abbasid Empire.
As trade routes moved north they couldn’t afford to keep building new canals, not enough food, and
infrastructure fell.
C. As new Islamic political entities emerged, they demonstrated several cultural continuities. Summarize them.
Translated Greek literary classics, studied mathematics, and adopted Chinese papas making techniques.
D. New Islamic political entities also demonstrated several cultural innovations. Explain how the following
contributed to this “golden age”:
• Nasiral-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274):
Contributed to law, astronomy, logic, mathematics, ethics, medicine, and philosophy
• Ibn Khaldun (1332 -1406):
Known for historical accounts and as founder of historiography.
• A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah (1460-1507):
Well known felame Muslim writer.
E. Summarize how the activities of Sufis, merchants, and the Islamic military led to the expansion of the Islamic
Empire.
• Sufis:
Made Islam more appealing to converts and helped convert a lot of people.
• Merchants:
Spread the ideas of Islam through the silk road.
• Military:
Allowed the people to love with minimal changes to their life, more likeable.
F. How were slaves and women treated under Islam?
Slaves were treated fairly well, and women were treated better in Islam that in other cultures.
G. What was the impact of Islam in:
• Africa:
Developed on its own like Christianity, leaders accepted it.
• Spain:
Was conquered in 711 and had Cordoba as capital, influenced culture.
H. What marked the limit of Islamic expansion into Western Europe?
The Battle of Tours.

Explain the A. Looking back at intellectual innovations and cultural transfers, explain the significance of education and
effects of tolerance within the Islamic empire.
intellectual Since they tolerated them, they were able to learn from each other and made new discoveries.
innovation in
Dar al-Islam.

UNIT 1.3| Developments in S. and SE Asia (AMSCO Pages 23 - 29)

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) Significance (Why this term matters)
1.Delhi sultanate Brought Islam into India and reigned for 300 years. Created a divide between Muslims and non-
Muslims.

2.Jizya A tax imposed on non-Muslims in Delhi Sultanate. Lead to resentment to Muslims by non-Muslims.

3.Proselytize To actively seek converts. Forcing conversion was not helpful so they tried
to get them to do it voluntarily.

4.Caste system A hierarchy based on occupation in Hinduism. Drove people to convert to find better
opportunities that they couldn’t have in the caste
system.

5.Qutub Minar A tower built by Delhi Sultanate, it’s a Hindu Symbolizes Islamic influence and dominance in
temple built from a nearby mosque. North India.

6.Bhakti Movement Focus on a certain deity rather than texts or Drew in many people to Hindu because it didn’t
rituals. discriminate and helped spread Hinduism.

7.Angkor Wat A Buddhist temple complex. Testify to the sophistication of southeast Asia and
influence of Indian culture.

Objective Key Developments

Explain how SOUTH ASIA

the various A. Most South Asians practiced which religions before the arrival of Islam?
belief Most practiced Buddhism and Hinduism.
systems and B. Summarize the main differences between Hinduism and Islam.
practices of Hindus pray to many gods, Muslims are monotheistic, Hindus have artwork of deities while Muslims disapprove
South and of it, Hindus have the caste system while Muslims believe everyone is equal, and Hindus recognize several sacred
Southeast texts while Muslims only have the Quran.
Asia affected C. The arrival of Islam was at first forceful, as Muslim rulers tried to force Hindu and Buddhist subjects to
society over convert. This was unsuccessful, which led to voluntary conversion – who voluntarily converted and why?
time. Hindus converted to escape the caste system to look for a better life.
D. Describe how Islam impacted the social structure of South Asia.
It did little to alter the social structure.

E. Describe how Islam interacted with and impacted South Asian culture.
People shared their ideas and achievements and influenced each other.
F. How do the Bhaktis and Sufis compare?
They are both similar in the way they made their religion more appealing to potential converts.

SOUTHEAST ASIA
A. How did Islam spread to Southeast Asia? Why did many in Southeast Asia convert?
It entered forcefully but spread fast among Hindus to look for a better life.

Explain how SOUTH ASIA

and why A. How is South Asia characterized politically after the collapse of the Golden Age (Gupta Dynasty)?
various states Kingdoms drew power from the land that they controlled.
of South and B. Southern India was more stable than Northern India – summarize the two kingdoms that evidence this.
Southeast • Chola Dynasty (850-1267):
Asia Powerful empire in southern India that was very long-ruling.
developed • Vijayanagara Empire (1336-1646):
and This empire ruled for over 300 years and was very influential and powerful.
maintained
power over C. Northern India had more upheaval than Southern India – summarize the two states that evidence this.
time. • Rajput Kingdoms:
 They had no central government, so they were vulnerable to attacks.
• Delhi Sultanate (13-16th centuries):
Never had an official bureaucracy so they could never focus on expanding an instead had to focus on defending
their land which failed.

SOUTHEAST ASIA
A. What countries of today correspond with the region of Southeast Asia?
Today’s Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.
B. Summarize the importance of the sea-based kingdoms in Southeast Asia:
• Srivijaya Empire (670-1025):
Built up the navy by charging fees between India and China.
• Majapahit Kingdom (1293-1520):
Controlled sea routes to have power, had 98 tributaries at its height,

C. Summarize the importance of the land-based kingdoms of Southeast Asia:

• Sinhala Dynasties:
Contributed greatly to economic growth and were Buddhist.
• Khmer Empire/Angkor Kingdom (802-1431):
Was very prosperous and greatly influenced Indian culture.

UNIT 1.4| Developments in the Americas (AMSCO Pages 33 - 39)

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) Significance (Why this term matters)

1.Cahokia Large mound in Southern Illinois. Typically had structures on them or were used as
burial grounds.

2.Matrilineal society Social standing was determined by the woman’s Determined what happened to a society when the
side of the family. Great Sun died.

3.City-State A city and the surrounding territory that was ruled This was the main form of Mayan government
by a King. and wars were common.

4.Tenochtitlan Capital city for the Aztecs in Mexico. Was one of the largest cities on the world and was
very advanced.

5.Great Pyramid 150 ft pyramid in the middle of the city made of Still there and show the culture and technology of
stone. the Aztecs.

6.Chinampas Floating gardens to increase food production They were able to have more land to grow food,
space. so more food was available.

7.Theocracy A government in which the leader is religious. Religion played a big role in society so it would
only make sense to have a leader who is
supposedly connected to their god.

8.Pochteca The Aztecs merchant class. In other cultures, merchants were lower in class,
but merchants were wealthy in the Aztecs.

9.Mita System A mandatory public service system for men Helped build roads and agriculture, the society
between the ages of 15-50. advanced with the labor.

10.Carpa Nan A road system with 25,000 miles of roads. Advanced the military and government.
 Objective Key Developments

Explain how EARLY CULTURES

and why A. Explain how the Mississippian Culture organized their government and society.
states in the They had a rigid class structure, matrilineal society, and were led by a Great Sun.
Americas B. How did the Mississippian Culture decline? Why might there be different theories?
developed People just abandoned the cities so there are theories on why they might have just left by 1450.
and changed C. How do the Chaco and Verde exemplify innovative advancements? Why did they have to do this?
over time. They both came up with ways to live in their climate because the climate made it difficult to live in, so they
adapted.

THE MAYA-CITY STATES (peak 250-900 CE)

A. Summarize the governing structure of the Maya.
Each city-state and the surrounding territory were ruled by a king.
B. Explain the role of religion in Maya government and culture.
The people they captured at war would be used in their religious s human sacrifice ceremonies.
C. Why were the Mayans called the “Greeks of the New World” (give specific examples in your answer)?
They were very advanced in some of the same subjects as the Greeks, such as, astronomy which was
very advanced and developed in Greece.

THE AZTECS (1200-1500 CE)

A. How did the Aztecs utilize a tribute system to control their population?
The tribute would reinforce the government’s dominance.
B. What other methods of control did the Aztec utilize to govern?
They also used religion.
C. How was the Aztec society organized? What role did women have?
They had a social hierarchy, women worked in the homes but some pursued careers.
D. Explain the role of religion in Aztec government and culture. How does this differ from the Maya?
They were a theocracy while the Mayans were not, religion controlled the government for Aztecs.
E. What key developments led to the decline of the Aztec?
The low levels of technology, desire for constant human sacrifices, and resentment from those they conquered.

THE INCA (1438-1572 CE)

A. How did the Inca rule their extensive territory efficiently?
They split into four provinces.
B. Explain how the Inca’s mita system differed from the Aztec tribute system.
Required men between 15 and 50 to provide labor to the government.
C. Explain the role of religion in the Inca Empire (make sure to look at priests, human sacrifice, and animism).
Priests played a big role and were consulted on lots of things, Huaca’s or animism was in some of the religion, and
priests would decide what to sacrifice.
D. Summarize key achievements of the Inca; why were these significant to the empire?
They developed mathematics for trade and engineering, agriculture with terrace systems, and built roads and
bridges, all of these were helpful to the military and government.
E. What led to the decline of the Inca Empire?
The fact that they were in a civil war left them weak to the Spanish invaders, so they were easy to conquer.
F. What arguments surround the connection of these Mesoamerican cultures?
That they are based on the Olmec civilization since they are similar.

UNIT 1.5| Developments in Africa (AMSCO Pages 43 - 49)

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) Significance (Why this term matters)

1.Trans-Saharan Trade Trade in the Sahara Desert. Many ideas and good went through this path.
2.Hausa Kingdoms Ethnic group formed by 7 states in what is now The states were connected through kinship ties
Nigeria. and established prosperous city-states.

3.Sundiata Mali’s founding ruler who was Muslim and used Without him a thriving gold trade wouldn’t have
his connection to set up trade. been established, leading to Mali’ s wealth and
success.

4.Indian Ocean Trade Trade that took place in and along the Indian Many ideas, goods, and even a language still used
Ocean. today, Swahili, were spread through these trade
routes.

5.Great Zimbabwe The capital of Zimbabwe that was surrounded by Once nearly 20,000 people lived there but now
30ft tall and 15ft thick walls. only the walls still stand in modern day
Zimbabwe.

6.Zanj Rebellion Enslaved East Africans rebelled, about 15,000, They were eventually defeated but it’s still one of
making one of the biggest. the largest slave rebellions ever.

7.Griots/Griottes The storyteller of the community, could be male Decided how history would be told and could
or female. influence decisions.

8.Indian Ocean Slave Slave trade between East Africa and the Middle They provided valuable work on sugar plantation
Trade East. in Mesopotamia.

Objective Key Developments

Explain how A. Sub-Saharan Africa did not centralize power like most Asian or European societies. Explain how they governed
and why their societies.
states in the They had clans or kin-based network that were governed by a chief.
Africa B. Why did larger kingdoms grow in prominence (mostly after 1000)?
developed People within the kingdom would specialize and from there thrive.
and changed C. Locate the Hausa Kingdoms on the map on pg. 44. Why did these states need to rely on the Trans-Saharan
over time. trade network?
It would be very hard to otherwise get to and trade with the rest of the hemisphere.
D. Summarize the key characteristics of government and economy for the following West and East African
kingdoms, as well as the impact of Islam on each:
• Ghana:
Had a king with centralized government, traded gold with Muslim traders for lots of things, Islam
diversified the religions there.
• Mali:
Had a king with centralized government, their economy depended on gold, their ruler was Muslim, so they were
too.
• Zimbabwe:
Had a hereditary monarchy, traded through the Indian Ocean trade, and Islam had an impact on the culture,
language, and practices.
• Ethiopia:
Had a king with centralized government, thrived by trading goods, they were Christian, but it did
impact trade, so it impacted their culture.
E. Sub-Saharan Africa was also socially organized around kinship, age, and gender. Explain how the role of
gender impacted men and women in society.
Men had roles that needed a specialized skill like blacksmiths and leather tanners, while woman worked with
agriculture and food gathering, along with house and children duties.
F. Slavery also has a long history in Africa, with prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals often enslaved. Compare
the three types of slavery below:
• Chattel:
Were property, was permanent, children were slaves too, had no rights.
• Domestic:
 Household workers, often permanent, children were often slaves too, had some rights, if they could be sold again
• Debt Bondage:
Were enslaved to pay debt, in theory, no, in practice, yes, children often inherited debt of parent so
probably, some, how much they could be punished
G. Why was the Zanj Rebellion considered one of the most successful slave revolts in history?
They had 15,000 people and were not conquered again for 10 years.
H. Explain the significance of music, visual arts, and literature to the culture of Sub-Saharan Africa.
They were thought to help communicate with the spirit world.

UNIT 1.6| Developments in Europe (AMSCO Pages 53 - 62)

Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) Significance (Why this term matters)

1.Feudalism Political system based on the exchange of loyalty Feudalism was used in other parts other world
for land. and plays a part in the social system.

2.Fiefs The land that was given to lords by kings. If a lord got land, then they became a vassal and
loyal to the king.

3.Serfs Peasants that lived and worked on the fief for the Although they were not slaves, they had to ask
lord. their lord for permission on a lot of things, limiting
their freedom.

4.Three-field system Crops system that used three fields in which one This allowed them to get better at farming,
field would rest per year. therefore a food surplus which led to population
growth.

5.Absolutist A system in which the king has absolute power. When this started to happen, they had the
(government) Estates-General to try and limit power.

6.Estates-General A group from all three legal classes to advise the Paved the way for modern day parliament.
king in France.

7.Magna Carta Had king of England respect certain rights and Paved the way for the Constitution.
limited power in Norman England.

8.Great Schism The Christian Church in Europe split into two Roman Catholics became powerful and other
branches in 1054. religions formed.

9.First Crusade Tried to take holy land back, only clear win. Promoted cultural exchange between Middle East
and Europe which was good.

10.Fourth Crusade Venice had crusaders attack Zara for personal Islamic forces still had control ion the end.
gain, never made it to the holy land.

Objective Key Developments

Explain the A. Summarize the Middle Ages (medieval period) of Western Europe.
causes and Feudalism took off then, when other kids besides the first born got mad they were persuaded to join the
consequences crusades. There was a lot of conflict between religions and the renaissance begun and Russia started to from.
of political B. Describe the system of decentralized governance used by Europe in the Middle Ages.
decentralizati Feudalism relied on the serfs to do all the labor of the government and relied on the lords to stay loyal and
on in Europe make sure the serfs are loyal and to the work for the king.
from 1200- C. In feudalism, there were several relationships, explain them below:
1450. • Monarch:
They gave land to lords in promise they would be their vassal and control the serfs for them.
• Lords:
Gave land to knight which promised to be their vassal and fight for the lord or king, they also gave land to
peasants for protection and just land to live on with promise they would provide crops and livestock and
obey orders.
• Peasants:
Provided some security for them.
D. How did this system impact the groups above? How did this system impact women?
It didn’t really give them a chance to move up, they were stuck. Women were put on a pedestal and were to
be protected but didn’t value them much and they didn’t have many rights.
E. Describe the manorial system; how was it similar and different to feudalism (think about which of the themes
each reflects)?
They utilized large fiefs, but they were very self-sufficient.
F. Explain two new characteristics in the Middle Ages that led to stronger monarchies. Why did this change
create conflict?
They employed their own bureaucracy and military. They worked for the king or queen not country.
G. Describe the bureaucracy of France in the Middle Ages and evaluate its level of success.
They were the first true bureaucracy with the Estates-General but didn’t have much success as they felt no
need to protect the government that they didn’t finance.
H. Describe the governing system of the Holy Roman Empire and what led to its decline.
They had a king, the conflict between the church and state essentially what it was led to its decline.
I. Describe the feudal system of Norman England and explain how it changed in 1215 and 1265.
In 1215 they signed the Magna Carta and in 1265 the English Parliament was formed.

Explain how A. Explain how the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches emerge from the Christian Church in Europe in 1054.
the beliefs They came from the Great Schism and then thrived in different parts of Europe.
and practices B. The Roman Catholic church was extremely influential in Europe at this time – why?
of the Church staff were often the only people that knew how to read and write.
predominant C. Explain the impact of the Roman Catholic Church on:
religions in • Education and Art:
Europe They established the first universities.
affected • Church and State:
European They held great power, if the lord didn’t please them, they could cancel church which would make
society. the serfs unhappy with the lord.
• Monasticism:
People remained a part of the economy and women extended their influence as nuns.
• Reform:
When monasteries became wealthy, they became corrupt, drove Martin Luther to take a stand.
D. Summarize the main goal of the Christian Crusades.
The goal was to take back holy land in Palestine.
E. Explain how religious, social, and economic pressures resulted in the Crusades.
Primogeniture was a big cause because kids wanted money which they were promised if they joined and people
wanted more access to the holy lands which Muslims limited.

Explain the A. What developments allowed agriculture to become more efficient near the end of the Middle Ages?
effects of The use of the three-field system.
agriculture on B. How did greater agricultural prosperity impact European society in the Middle Ages?
social It allowed for a food surplus which led to population growth.
organization C. Explain how Marco Polo’s travels abroad impacted the economy of Europe.
in Europe It peaked interest in cartography and mapmaking.
from 1200- D. Explain how the middle class emerged in Western Europe, and who made up this new social group.
1450. Growth in long-distance commerce lead to a new class of shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople, and small
land holders called the bourgeoisie or burghers.
E. How did population growth and agricultural prosperity lead to urban growth? How did the Little Ice Age
impact society during this time?
 The economic growth encouraged towns; the little ice age put a damper on agriculture, so cities grew slower.
F. Although Jewish, Muslim, and female citizens positively impacted their communities, they also faced
ostracism or negativity from Europe. Explain using specific examples.
Anti-Semitism and discrimination towards Muslims was widespread and were expelled if they didn’t convert
to Christianity. Women’s rights were fading, and even fewer got an education.
G. How did the Renaissance and its interest in humanism impact Europe?
They started to write secular literature and focus on education and reform.
H. Explain the general evolution of Kiev to the modern state of Russia.
It was a city-state at the center of trade, Mongols overtook it, so it developed differently than the rest of
Europe. They became independent under Ivan the Great in the 15th century, marked the beginning of modern
Russia.

UNIT 1.7| Comparison in the Period from c. 1200-1450 (AMSCO Pages 65 - 68)

Objective Key Developments

Explain the A. The author makes the claim that state in core areas of civilization grew larger, while smaller states began to
similarities decline. Identify and explain two examples that prove this argument.
and The Song dynasty and the Aztecs were both fairly big and did well because if it, it allowed people to specialize
differences in and therefore advance.
the processes B. How was the role of religion in empire and state building similar or different throughout Afro-Eurasia?
of state It was similar throughout in that is was vital part in uniting a diverse state.
formation C. Explain how the increase in cross-cultural exchanges impacted regions throughout Afro-Eurasia.
from 1200- Literacy rates were on the rise and most of the time people benefitted from trade, but not all of the
1450. interactions were peaceful.
D. Explain how the role of nomads changed over time in the process of state building.
They started as good country to trade with because the Mongol rule helped them trade across Eurasia but as
time went on other people became dominant and they were replaced.
E. Using the chart on page 68, describe two major types of state building that you believe are the most
successful. Explain why you think they are the most successful.
Synthesis of different traditions and expansion in scope are the most successful because in both the people in
which they take over are more likely to join and not put up a fight. Think about it your adapting your way to
theirs so it’s not as much of a change and your already influencing them so it will be easier to take over.

Multiple Choice Responses (Record them here!)

Section 1.1 (East Asia) Section 1.2 (Dar al-Islam) Section 1.3 (S & SE Asia)
1. __C____ 2.__C____ 1. B______ 2.__D____ 1. ___B___ 2.__B____
3.__A____ 3.__A____ 3._D_____

Section 1.4 (Americas) Section 1.5 (Africa) Section 1.6 (Europe)

1. __A____ 2.___D___ 1. ___B___ 2.___A___ 1. ___B___ 2.__A____
3.__C____ 3.___C___ 3.__C____