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Metals and Non-Metals Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 3

The document provides notes on metals and non-metals from the 10th grade CBSE science curriculum. It defines metals as elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity, and are typically malleable and ductile. Examples of common metals are given. The physical properties of metals discussed include hardness, strength, state, sound conduction, malleability, ductility, melting/boiling points and density. Chemical properties covered are the reactions of metals with oxygen and water, forming metal oxides and hydroxides with the liberation of hydrogen gas in some cases. Specific reactions of metals like potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium are cited.

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508 views3 pages

Metals and Non-Metals Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 3

The document provides notes on metals and non-metals from the 10th grade CBSE science curriculum. It defines metals as elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity, and are typically malleable and ductile. Examples of common metals are given. The physical properties of metals discussed include hardness, strength, state, sound conduction, malleability, ductility, melting/boiling points and density. Chemical properties covered are the reactions of metals with oxygen and water, forming metal oxides and hydroxides with the liberation of hydrogen gas in some cases. Specific reactions of metals like potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium are cited.

Uploaded by

sam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Notes of class 10

Metals and Non-metals Class 10 Notes


Science Chapter 3
October 24, 2019 by Sastry CBSE

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Pdf free download is part
of Class 10 Science Notes for Quick Revision. Here we have given NCERT Class 10 Science
Notes Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals.

According to new CBSE Exam Pattern, MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science pdf Carries 20
Marks.

Metals and Non-metals Class 10 Science Notes


Metals: Physical properties of metals, chemical properties of metals and non-metal oxide.

Metals are the elements that conduct heat and electricity and are malleable and ductile.
Examples are Iron (Fe), Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), Gold (Au), Platinum (Pt), Lead
(Pb), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) etc.

Metals are the elements which form positive ions by losing electrons. Thus, metals are known
as Electropositive Elements.

Physical Properties of Metals

 Hardness: Most of the metals are hard, except alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium,
lithium, etc. are very soft metals. These can be cut by using a knife.
 Strength: Most of the metals are strong and have high tensile strength. Because of this,
big structures are made using metals, such as copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). (Except Sodium
(Na) and potassium (K) which are soft metals).
 State: Metals are solid at room temperature except for mercury (Hg).
 Sound: Metals produce ringing sound, so, metals are called Sonorous. Sound of metals is
also known as Metallic sound. This is the cause that metal wires are used in making
musical instruments.
 Conduction: Metals are a good conductor of heat and electricity. This is the cause that
electric wires are made of metals like copper and aluminium.
 Malleability: Metals are malleable. This means metals can be beaten into a thin sheet.
Because of this property, iron is used in making big ships.
 Ductility: Metals are ductile. This means metals can be drawn into thin wire. Because of
this property, a wire is made of metals.
 Melting and Boiling Point: Metals have generally high melting and boiling points. (Except
sodium and potassium metals which have low melting and boiling point.)
 Density: Most of the metals have a high density.
 Colour: Most of the metals are grey in colour. But gold and copper are exceptions.

Chemical Properties of Metals


1. Reaction with oxygen: Most of the metals form respective metal oxides when reacting with
oxygen.
Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide
Examples:
Reaction of Potassium with Oxygen: Potassium metal forms potassium oxide when reacts
with oxygen.

Reaction of Sodium with Oxygen: Sodium metal forms sodium oxide when reacts with
oxygen.

Lithium, potassium, sodium, etc. are known as Alkali-metals. Alkali metals react vigorously with
oxygen.

Reaction of Copper metal with Oxygen: Copper does not react with oxygen at room
temperature but when burnt in air, it gives oxide.

Silver, gold and platinum do not combine with the oxygen of air even at high temperature. They
are the least reactive.

2. Reaction of metals with water: Metals form respective hydroxide and hydrogen gas when
reacting with water.
Metal + Water → Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Most of the metals do not react with water. However, alkali metals react vigorously with water.

Reaction of Sodium metal with Water: Sodium metal forms sodium hydroxide and liberates
hydrogen gas along with lot of heat when reacting with water.

Reaction of Calcium metal with Water: Calcium forms calcium hydroxide along with hydrogen
gas and heat when react with water.
Reaction of Magnesium metal with Water: Magnesium metal reacts with water slowly and
forms magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

When steam is passed over magnesium metal, magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas ar

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