1.Explain Architecture of WWW in detail.

System Architecture:
From the user’s point of view, the web consists of a vast, worldwide connection
of documents or web pages. Each page may contain links to other pages
anywhere in the world. The pages can be retrieved and viewed by using
browsers of which internet explorer, Netscape Navigator, Google, Chrome, etc
are the popular ones. The browser fetches the page requested interprets the
text and formatting commands on it, and displays the page, properly formatted,
on the screen.
The basic model of how the web works are shown in the figure below. Here the
browser is displaying a web page on the client machine. When the user clicks
on a line of text that is linked to a page on the abd.com server, the browser
follows the hyperlink by sending a message to the abd.com server asking it for
the page.

Working of WWW:
The World Wide Web is based on several different technologies: Web browsers,
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
A Web browser is used to access webpages. Web browsers can be defined as
programs which display text, data, pictures, animation and video on the
Internet. Hyperlinked resources on the World Wide Web can be accessed using
software interface provided by Web browsers. Initially Web browsers were used
only for surfing the Web but now they have become more universal. Web
browsers can be used for several tasks including conducting searches, mailing,
transferring files, and much more. Some of the commonly used browsers are
Internet Explorer, Opera Mini, Google Chrome.
Q.2 Explain following.
(1) How Web request works?

1. The browser goes to the DNS server, and finds the real address of the server that
the website lives on (you find the address of the shop).
2. The browser sends an HTTP request message to the server, asking it to send a
copy of the website to the client (you go to the shop and order your goods). This
message, and all other data sent between the client and the server, is sent across
your internet connection using TCP/IP.
3. If the server approves the client's request, the server sends the client a "200 OK"
message, which means "Of course you can look at that website! Here it is", and
then starts sending the website's files to the browser as a series of small chunks
called data packets (the shop gives you your goods, and you bring them back to
your house).
4. The browser assembles the small chunks into a complete web page and displays
it to you (the goods arrive at your door — new shiny stuff, awesome!).
5. Get ,Post , Trace ,Delete ,Head ,Put ,Options etc. are requests that are sent to
server to get the web pages.

(2) How ASP request differ from HTML request?

The table below lists differences between ASP and HTML :

ASP HTML
HTML is a client-side language.
Basically it has to do with the user
ASP is a server-side language. This means interface, with which the user
that the code that is written gets sent to the interacts. This interface, is most
server, and it returns some code depending often, the browser on the user’s
on what it was asked to do. machine.

ASP can use any scripting language, so as HTML allows web browsers to
to embed programming and server side interpret display content written
directives into a HTML web page. between tags. It allows images
 and objects to be embedded in
the webpage.

ASP is used to design user-interactive or HTML is basically used to create

dynamic web pages. static web pages.

ASP is case sensitive. HTML is not case sensitive.

ASP or ASP.NET pages can connect to the HTML cannot connect to a

database so as to derive its content. database.

When the browser requests an ASP file, it

passes request to the ASP engine. The
ASP engine reads the file, line by line, and
then executes the script line by line. Finally When a browser requests an
the ASP file returns to the browser as plain HTML file, the server returns the
HTML. file.

Q.3 Write short note on the “Fundamental ASP Objects”.

Each object has their own specific methods , collections and properties.

The ASP Application Object is a single global object that is used to share
information among all the users in the given application. It is used to store and
access the variable from any page. It is used to access the information that will
hold many pages like a piece of database-connection information. The
information that can be changed in one page that will be changed is
automatically reflected in many pages.

The ASP Response Object is used to send a response to the client request
from a server.

The ASP Request Object is used to retrieve the information from the client
browser. The Request Object is used when the client wants to request for a
particular page from the server.

The ASP Server object is used to access properties and methods on the
server.
The ASP Error object was implemented in ASP 3.0 and is available in IIS5 and
later.The ASPError object is used to display detailed information of any error
that occurs in scripts in an ASP page.Note: The ASPError object is created when
Server.GetLastError is called, so the error information can only be accessed by
using the Server.GetLastError method.

The ASP File object is used to return information about a specified file.

The ASP Folder Object is used to return information about a specified

folder.

The ASP Dictionary object stores information in name/value pairs.

The ASP Drive object is used to return information about a local disk drive or
a network share. The Drive object can return information about a drive's type of
file system, free space, serial number, volume name, and more.

4.What is JavaScript? State the difference between

JavaScript and Java. How to develop JavaScript? Explain
with example.
JavaScript is a text-based programming language used both on the client-side and
server-side that allows you to make web pages interactive. Where HTML and CSS
are languages that give structure and style to web pages, JavaScript gives web pages
interactive elements that engage a user.

Java JavaScript

Java is a strongly typed language and

variables must be declared first to use JavaScript is a loosely typed language
in the program. In Java, the type of a and has a more relaxed syntax and
variable is checked at compile-time. rules.

Java is an object-oriented programming JavaScript is an object-based scripting

language. language.

JavaScript code used to run only in the

Java applications can run in any virtual browser, but now it can run on the
machine(JVM) or browser. server via Node.js.

Objects of Java are class-based even JavaScript Objects are prototype-

 Java JavaScript

we can’t make any program in java based.

without creating a class.

JavaScript file has the file extension

Java program has the file extension “.js” and it is interpreted but not
“.Java” and translates source code into compiled, every browser has the
bytecodes which are executed by Javascript interpreter to execute JS
JVM(Java Virtual Machine). code.if compile time

contained within a web page and

Java is a Standalone language. integrates with its HTML content.

Java has a thread-based approach to Javascript has an event-based

concurrency. approach to concurrency.

Javascript doesn’t support multi-

Java supports multithreading. threading.

Javascript is used for the frontend and

Java is mainly used for backend backend both.

Java uses more memory Javascript uses less memory.

Java requires a Java Development Javascript requires any text editor or

Kit(JDK) to run the code browser console to run the code

JavaScript provides 3 places to put the JavaScript code: within body tag, within head tag
and external JavaScript file.

displays alert dialog box

1. <script type="text/javascript">
2. alert("Hello Javatpoint");
3. </script>
Common examples of JavaScript that you might use every day include the search box on
Amazon, a news recap video embedded on The New York Times, or refreshing your Twitter
feed.
Q.5 What is MMC? Explain features of MMC.
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) also known as a tools host, is a framework
that provides administrators and users with an interface for management,
administration and configuration of a system. It is a component of the Microsoft
Windows 2000 OS and all its successors. It is an application that provides a Graphical
User Interface (GUI) and a programming framework where you can create, save, and open
consoles (a collection of management tools).
 MMC uses a GUI much like the Windows Explorer file manager. It is
considered a container for actual management operations.
 The MMC computer management component is located in the Administrative
Tools folder of the Control Panel. Some of the management tools it contains
are the Device Manager, Disk Defragmenter, Internet Information Services
(IIS), Local Users and Disk Management. These tools are called snap-ins.
They are useful when configuring and monitoring systems.
 The MMC console can also be used for monitoring or configuring other
computers on the local area network (LAN) to which the user has access.

 The console is used to manage Windows-based hardware, software, and

network components, and includes items such as controls, wizards, tasks,
documentation, and snap-ins. These items may come from Microsoft or other
software vendors, or they may be user-defined.

Q.6 Explain XSL and XSLT in detail with example.

Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)

 XSL is a language for expressing style sheets. An XSL style sheet is, like with CSS, a
file that describes how to display an XML document of a given type.
 W3C developed XSL because an XML based stylesheet language was needed to
transform XML documents.
 XSL act as an intermediary between the XML elements and Web browser. It tells the
browser how to display the various elements.
 XSL used to performs following operations, like
 o Support for browsing, printing, and rendering.
o Formatting highly structured documents (XML).
o Performing complex publishing tasks: tables of contents, indexes, reports.
o Addressing accessibility and internationalization issues.
o Written in XML.
 XSL began as a single language to serve the purpose, but further, it was divided into
three parts, such as
o XSLT – For transforming XML document.
o XPATH – For navigating in XML document.
o XSL-FO – For formatting XML document.
 XSL has two attributes
o ’type’ - The type of file being linked to like ‘text/xsl’.
o ’href’ - Specify location of the file.
 Following code structure is used to add XSL file into XML document <?xml-stylesheet
type='text/xsl' href='style.xsl'?>

XSL Transformations (XSLT)

 XSLT is an XML-based language that transforms an XML documents and generates
output into a different format such as HTML, XHTML or PDF.
 XSLT is an extension of XSL, which is a stylesheet definition language for XML. XSLT is
the most important part of XSL.
 XSLT helps to add or remove elements and attributes from the final output. It also re-
arranges and sort elements, performs tests and makes decisions about which elements
to hide and display.
 It allows an XML author to write content only once and put it in many different formats.
 We simply say like XSLT transforms an XML source-tree into an XML result-tree.
 XSLT contains many elements that can be used to manipulate, iterate and select XML,
for output.
o <xsl:value-of>- Extracts the value of a selected node.
o <xsl:for-each> - Select every XML element of a specified node-set.
o <xsl:if>- Put a conditional if test against the content of the XML file.
o <xsl:sort> - Sort the output.
o <xsl:choose> - Used along with <xsl:when> and <xsl:otherwise> to express
multiple conditional tests.
o <xsl:template> - Defines a template.
o <xsl:apply-template>- Applies a template to the current element or to the
current element's child node.

XSLT Working:

 In the transformation process, XSLT uses XPath to define parts of the source document
that should match one or more predefined templates.
 When a match is found, XSLT will transform the matching part of the source document
into the result document.
Q.7 What is Cascading Style Sheet? Explain various types of
Style Sheets with example.
Cascading Style Sheet(CSS) is used to set the style in web pages that contain
HTML elements. It sets the background color, font-size, font-family, color, … etc
property of elements on a web page.
There are three types of CSS which are given below:
 Inline CSS
 Internal or Embedded CSS
 External CSS
Inline CSS: Inline CSS contains the CSS property in the body section attached
with element is known as inline CSS. This kind of style is specified within an
HTML tag using the style attribute.
Internal or Embedded CSS: This can be used when a single HTML document
must be styled uniquely. The CSS rule set should be within the HTML file in the
head section i.e the CSS is embedded within the HTML file.
External CSS: External CSS contains separate CSS file which contains only
style property with the help of tag attributes (For example class, id, heading, …
etc). CSS property written in a separate file with .css extension and should be
linked to the HTML document using link tag. This means that for each element,
style can be set only once and that will be applied across web pages.
 link tag is used to link the external style sheet with the html webpage.
 href attribute is used to specify the location of the external style sheet
file.
Q.8 What is Apache? Explain the architecture of Apache
server.
Apache HTTP Server is a free and open-source web server that delivers web
content through the internet. It is commonly referred to as Apache and after
development, it quickly became the most popular HTTP client on the web. It’s
widely thought that Apache gets its name from its development history and
process of improvement through applied patches and modules but that was
corrected back in 2000. It was revealed that the name originated from the
respect of the Native American tribe for its resiliency and durability.
 The Apache was the first web server architecture that was used by the Netscape
Communication Corporation.
 Apache has evolved with the years of the internet. Server is used to support both static and
dynamic pages online. Many programming languages are supported by the Apache Server are as
follows: PHP, Perl, Python and alongside with MySql. As of April 2008, the Apache Server serves
approximately 50% of the current web pages.
 Apache is a open source HTTP web server. It handles HTTP Requests sent to it and then it is
able to them
  Apache is Open source and is built and maintained over at Apache.org
 Apache is comprised of Two main building Blocks with the Latter being comprised of many
other little building blocks. The Building Blocks are the Apache Core and then the Apache
Modules that in a sense extend the Apache core. More detail on this on next couple of slides.
 Very easy to implement and very easy to add extend its abilities by the adding of different
modules. This is why this server has become so popular.
 As you can see the designers of Apache decided to take a modular approach so that anyone can
add to the basic functionality of the server without disturbing the basic Core implementation.

9.What is HTML file and ASP file? List the advantages and
limitation of HTML. State the benefits and drawback of ASP.
advantage

 HTML is widely used.

 Every browser supports HTML Language.
 Easy to learn and use.
 HTML is light weighted and fast to load.
 Do not get to purchase any extra software because it’s by default in every
window.
 Easy to use
 Loose syntax (although, being too flexible won’t suit standards).
 HTML is easy enough to write
 Very useful for beginners in the web designing field
 HTML has many tag and attributes which can short your line of code

Disadvantage
  Required to write a lot of code for just creating a simple webpage.
 Security features are not good at HTML
 It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it’s a static language.
 Making the structure of HTML documents becomes tough to understand.
 Errors can be costly.
 It is the time consuming as the time it consume to maintain on the colour
scheme of a page and to make lists, tables and forms.
 It can create only static and plain pages so if we’d like dynamic pages then
HTML isn’t useful.

advantage

 1) It allows for separation of concern. ...

 2) Reduces coding time. ...
 3) Consists of some of out-of- the box features. ...
 4) World class toolbox. ...
 5) Delivers power and flexibility. ...
 6) Simplicity. ...
 7) Customizability and Extensibility. ...
 8) Security

Disadvantage
 ASP.NET core not good enoug
 Making changes in the app
 Porting ASP application from one server to another is expensive
 Documentation is not exactly up to the mark

Q.10 What is IIS? Explain different features of IIS.

The term "IIS" stands for Internet Information Services, which is a general-purpose
webserver that runs on the Windows operating system. The IIS accepts and responds to
the client's computer requests and enables them to share and deliver information across
the LAN (or Local Area Network) such as a corporate intranet and the WAN (or Wide
Area Network) the internet. It hosts the application, websites, and other standard
services needed by users and allows developers to make websites, applications and
virtual directories to share with their users. A web server provides the users with
information in several different forms, such as File exchanges as a download, uploads,
Images files, HTML pages, and text documents. The webservers are commonly used as a
portal for sophisticated and highly interactive websites, applications that tie middleware
and back-end applications together to make enterprise-grade-systems.
different features of IIS
 AWS enables media services such as Netflix to provide real-time streaming
content. Amazon web services also enable public cloud administration all through
the webservers. Generally, the IIS is also compared with the Apache, which is also
a kind of web server that is freely available for everyone.
 We can simply say that both works the same except that the apache web server
can be used almost on any operating system such as Windows, LINUX, and Mac,
While the IIS is only available for windows.
 However, the IIS integrates with Microsoft's other products, such as the ,Net
Framework the ASP scripting language.
 The IIS also has its own helpdesk to manage and solve issues while, on the other
hand, the Apache webserver's supports almost come from the user community.
 Additionally, the IIS has the security features, which makes it a more secure and
efficient option than the Apache.

Q.11 Explain the following HTML tags with all attributes.

<a> , <body> , <image> , <table> ,<p>
The <a> tag defines a hyperlink, which is used to link from one page to another.

The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute, which
indicates the link's destination.

By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:

 An unvisited link is underlined and blue

 A visited link is underlined and purple
 An active link is underlined and red

The <body> tag defines the document's body.The <body> element contains all
the contents of an HTML document, such as headings, paragraphs, images,
hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.

The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page.

Images are not technically inserted into a web page; images are linked to web
pages. The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced image.

The <img> tag has two required attributes:

 src - Specifies the path to the image

  alt - Specifies an alternate text for the image, if the image for some
reason cannot be displayed

The <p> tag defines a paragraph.Browsers automatically add a single blank line
before and after each <p> element.

The <table> tag defines an HTML table.An HTML table consists of

one <table> element and one or more <tr>, <th>, and <td> elements.The
<tr> element defines a table row, the <th> element defines a table header,
and the <td> element defines a table cell.

12.What is XML? Explain how to write an XML document?

What are the goals of XML? Clearly explain the XML
Schema and XML parsing in detail.
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of
rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and
machine-readable.

Goals of XML
 XML shall be straightforwardly usable over the Internet.
 XML shall support a wide variety of applications.
 XML shall be compatible with SGML. ...
 It shall be easy to write programs that process XML documents. ...
 The number of optional features in XML is to be kept to the absolute minimum, ideally
zero.
 The design goals of XML focus on simplicity, generality, and usability across the
Internet.

An XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document.

The XML Schema language is also referred to as XML Schema Definition

(XSD).

The purpose of an XML Schema is to define the legal building blocks of an XML
document:

 the elements and attributes that can appear in a document

 the number of (and order of) child elements
 data types for elements and attributes
 default and fixed values for elements and attributes
 An XML parser is a software library or package that provides interfaces for client
applications to work with an XML document. The XML Parser is designed to read the XML
and create a way for programs to use XML. XML parser validates the document and check that
the document is well formatted.

These are the two main types of XML Parsers:EU Cracks Down on US Tech Giants

1. DOM
2. SAX

A DOM document is an object which contains all the information of an XML document. It
is composed like a tree structure. The DOM Parser implements a DOM API. This API is
very simple to use.

A SAX Parser implements SAX API. This API is an event based API and less intuitive.

Q.13 State the difference between: (1) Variable and Variant.

(2) JavaScript and VBScript.
Variables are the names you give to computer memory locations which are used to
store values in a computer program.
For example, assume you want to store two values 10 and 20 in your program and at a
later stage, you want to use these two values. Let's see how you will do it. Here are the
following three simple steps −

 Create variables with appropriate names.

 Store your values in those two variables.
 Retrieve and use the stored values from the variables.
Variant is a self-describing data type that can hold simple numeric or string
values. Variants can also make additional distinctions about numeric
information. Global variables of the variant data type have initial values that
you can override in configurations.
Variants can hold numeric information ranging in size from a Boolean byte to
complex values like text. These categories within a variant are called
subtypes. Variant subtypes broaden the list of possible types of data.

The advantage of this is that it simplifies the expressions. The disadvantages

are that certain pieces of code using variant may process a little more slowly
than others, or may not catch certain classes of programming errors.

S.No. JavaScript VBScript

1. It was developed by Netscape. It was developed by Microsoft.

It does job as both server-side

It does job as a client-side scripting and client-side scripting
2.. language. language.

It supports all web browsers and it is a

default scripting language in mostly It does not support all browsers,
3. browsers. supports only Internet Explorer.

It uses the same operator for various While it uses different operators
4. operations. for various operations.

It uses Function and End

It uses curly braces for declaration of function for declaration of
5. functions. functions.

JavaScript file has the file extension VBScript file has the file
6. “.js”. extensions “.vbs” or “.vba”.

It is difficult for beginners to

It is simpler and easier to learn learn VBScript as compared to
7. JavaScript. JavaScript.
Q.14 Explain JavaScript Object: Window, Document.
The window object represents a window in browser. An object of window is created
automatically by the browser.

Window is the object of browser, it is not the object of javascript. The javascript
objects are string, array, date etc.

Methods and definition

alert() displays the alert box containing message with ok button.

confirm() displays the confirm dialog box containing message with ok and cancel button.

prompt() displays a dialog box to get input from the user.

open() opens the new window.

close() closes the current window.

setTimeout() performs action after specified time like calling function, evaluating expressions etc.

If you want to access any element in an HTML page, you always start with
accessing the document object.

Below are some examples of how you can use the document object to access
and manipulate HTML.

Method Description

document.getElementById(id) Find an element by element id

document.getElementsByTagName(name) Find elements by tag name

document.getElementsByClassName(name) Find elements by class name

15. Explain AJAX briefly.

AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a new technique for
creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications with the help of XML,
HTML, CSS, and Java Script.
 Ajax uses XHTML for content, CSS for presentation, along with Document
Object Model and JavaScript for dynamic content display.
 Conventional web applications transmit information to and from the sever using
synchronous requests. It means you fill out a form, hit submit, and get directed
to a new page with new information from the server.
 With AJAX, when you hit submit, JavaScript will make a request to the server,
interpret the results, and update the current screen. In the purest sense, the
user would never know that anything was even transmitted to the server.
 XML is commonly used as the format for receiving server data, although any
format, including plain text, can be used.
 AJAX is a web browser technology independent of web server software.
 A user can continue to use the application while the client program requests
information from the server in the background.
 Intuitive and natural user interaction. Clicking is not required, mouse movement
is a sufficient event trigger.
 Data-driven as opposed to page-driven.

Q.16 Write a short note on Session and State management in

ASP.
Session State
When a user connects to an ASP.NET website, a new session object is created. When
session state is turned on, a new session state object is created for each new request.
This session state object becomes part of the context and it is available through the
page.
Session state is generally used for storing application data such as inventory, supplier
list, customer record, or shopping cart. It can also keep information about the user and
his preferences, and keep the track of pending operations.
Sessions are identified and tracked with a 120-bit SessionID, which is passed from
client to server and back as cookie or a modified URL. The SessionID is globally
unique and random.
The session state object is created from the HttpSessionState class, which defines a
collection of session state items.

State Management in ASP NET

In an ASP NET application, state management in ASP NET is an object and preserves
type state control. This is because ASP NET applications are basically stateless. In ASP
NET, the information of users is stored and maintained till the user session ends. Each
time the page is posted on the server, a new instance of the Web page class is created.
Whenever the user enters information, this information might get lost in the round trip
from the browser (MSDN), if they enter into the web application.

Now, let’s discuss the types of State Management.

Q.17 Explain importance of Frame tag in HTML.

HTML Frames are used to divide the web browser window into multiple sections
where each section can be loaded separately. A frameset tag is the collection of
frames in the browser window.
Creating Frames: Instead of using body tag, use frameset tag in HTML to use
frames in web browser. But this Tag is deprecated in HTML 5. The frameset tag
is used to define how to divide the browser. Each frame is indicated by frame
tag and it basically defines which HTML document shall open into the frame. To
define the horizontal frames use row attribute of frame tag in HTML document
and to define the vertical frames use col attribute of frame tag in HTML
document.
Advantages:
 It allows the user to view multiple documents within a single
Web page.
 It load pages from different servers in a single frameset.
 The older browsers that do not support frames can be
addressed using the tag.

Q.18 Write a short note on HTML DOM.

The HTML DOM is an Object Model for HTML. It defines:

 HTML elements as objects

 Properties for all HTML elements
 Methods for all HTML elements
 Events for all HTML elements

The HTML DOM is an API (Programming Interface) for JavaScript:

 JavaScript can add/change/remove HTML elements

 JavaScript can add/change/remove HTML attributes
 JavaScript can add/change/remove CSS styles
 JavaScript can react to HTML events
 JavaScript can add/change/remove HTML events

 When a web page is loaded, the browser creates

a Document Object Model of the page.
 The HTML DOM model is constructed as a tree of Objects:
 The HTML DOM Tree of Objects

19.Difference between client-side scripting and

server-side scripting :
Client-side scripting Server-side scripting

Source code is not visible to the user because its

Source code is visible to the user. output
 Client-side scripting Server-side scripting

of server-sideside is an HTML page.

In this any server-side technology can be used and

it does not
It usually depends on the browser and depend on the client.
its version.

It runs on the user’s computer. It runs on the webserver.

There are many advantages linked with

this like faster. The primary advantage is its ability to highly
response times, a more interactive customize, response
application. requirements, access rights based on user.

It does not provide security for data. It provides more security for data.

It is a technique used in web It is a technique that uses scripts on the webserver

development in which scripts run on to produce a response that is customized for each
the client’s browser. client’s request.

HTML, CSS, and javascript are used. PHP, Python, Java, Ruby are used

Q.20 What is HTTP? How does it work? Give appropriate

example.

What is HTTP?
HTTP, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is the application-level protocol that is used to
transfer data on the Web. HTTP comprises the rules by which Web browsers and servers
 exchange information. Although most people think of HTTP only in the context of the
World-Wide Web, it can be, and is, used for other purposes, such as distributed object
management systems.

How Does HTTP Work?

HTTP Is a request-response protocol. For example, a Web browser initiates a request to a
server, typically by opening a TCP/IP connection. The request itself comprises o a request
line, o a set of request headers, and o an entity. The server sends a response that comprises
o a status line, o a set of response headers, and o an entity. The entity in the request or
response can be thought of simply as the payload, which may be binary data. The other
items are readable ASCII characters. When the response has been completed, either the
browser or the server may terminate the TCP/IP connection, or the browser can send
another request.
An Example As an illustration of HTTP, here is an example exchange between a Web
browser and the Silicon Press server, www.silicon-press.com. In response to a user request
to go to the URL http://www.silicon.press.com

Q.21 What is client side scripting? Explain with suitable

example.
It is the program that runs on the client machine (browser) and deals with the
user interface/display and any other processing that can happen on client
machine like reading/writing cookies.
1) Interact with temporary storage
2) Make interactive web pages
3) Interact with local storage
4) Sending request for data to server
5) Send request to server
6) work as an interface between server and user
The Programming languages for client-side programming are :
1) Javascript
2) VBScript
3) HTML
4) CSS
5) AJAX
Q.22 Explain various control & looping structure of vb script
Visual Basic loop structures allow you to run one or more lines of code repetitively. You
can repeat the statements in a loop structure until a condition is True, until a condition
is False, a specified number of times, or once for each element in a collection.
The following illustration shows a loop structure that runs a set of statements until a
condition becomes true:

While Loops

The While...End While construction runs a set of statements as long as the condition
specified in the While statement is True. For more information, see While...End While
Statement.

Do Loops

The Do...Loop construction allows you to test a condition at either the beginning or the
end of a loop structure. You can also specify whether to repeat the loop while the
condition remains True or until it becomes True. For more information, see Do...Loop
Statement.

For Loops

The For...Next construction performs the loop a set number of times. It uses a loop
control variable, also called a counter, to keep track of the repetitions. You specify the
starting and ending values for this counter, and you can optionally specify the amount
by which it increases from one repetition to the next. For more information,
see For...Next Statement.

For Each Loops

The For Each...Next construction runs a set of statements once for each element in a
collection. You specify the loop control variable, but you do not have to determine
starting or ending values for it. For more information, see For Each...Next Statemen
 the control statements are the statements that controls the execution of the program
on the basis of the specified condition. It is useful for determining whether a condition is
true or not. If the condition is true, a single or block of statement is executed. In the
control statement, we will use if- Then, if Then Else, if Then ElseIf and the Select
case statement.

We can define more than one condition to be evaluated by the program with
statements. If the defined condition is true, the statement or block executes according
to the condition, and if the condition is false, another statement is executed.

following conditional or decision-making statements.

o If-Then Statement
o If-Then Else Statement
o If-Then ElseIf Statement
o Select Case Statement
o Nested Select Case Statements

Q.23 Write a short note on Architecture of webserver.

Web server architecture is the logical layout or design of a web server,
based on which a web server is designed, developed and deployed.
It defines the architectural layout and components of a web server, essential
for delivering the required web server-based operations and services.

Web server architecture consists of parameters including, but not limited to:

 Physical capacity of the server in terms of computing power, storage

and memory
 Performance and quality of service (latency, throughput, low memory
utilization)
 Application tiers (type of different applications deployed on the server)
 Platform supported (.Net, LAMP)
 Operating system (Windows, Linux, Solaris)
 Network and/or Internet connectivity (modes of connection and the
number of concurrent users it can support)

Q.24 Explain how Request – Response mechanism works

over Internet.
HTTP and all extended protocols based on HTTP are based on a very
simple communications model. Here’s how it works: a client, typically a
web browser, sends a request for a resource to a server, and the server
sends back a response corresponding to the resource (or a response with
an error message if it can’t process the request for some reason). A
resource can be a number of things, such as a simple HTML file returned
verbatim to the browser or a program that generates the response
dynamically.

This simple model implies three important facts you need to be aware of:
 HTTP is a stateless protocol. This means that the server doesn’t
keep any information about the client after it sends its response, and
therefore it can’t recognize that multiple requests from the same client
may be related.
 Web applications can’t easily provide the kind of immediate
feedback typically found in standalone GUI applications such as word
processors or traditional client/server applications. Every interaction
between the client and the server requires a request/response
exchange. Performing a request/response exchange when a user
selects an item in a list box or fills out a form element is usually too
taxing on the bandwidth available to most Internet users.
Q.25 Write a code to create basic calculator in HTML (Use
VB script).
Here a Calculator is going to be formed with HTML code.
 Calculator Title: This is the title at the top of our application, “GeeksforGeeks Calculator”.
 Output Screen: This will be our output screen, where all text will be shown. Like the input that
the user will type and the answer calculated from the user input. So, we can again break down
this into two smaller pieces as shown below:
 Question Output: This will be the input given by the user.
 Answer Output: This will be the result calculated from user input.