Tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words: Simple Present

tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words
always, every …,
 action in the present taking
Simple A: He speaks. never, normally,
Present N: He does not speak. placeonce, never or several often, seldom,
Q: Does he speak? times sometimes, usually
if sentences type I (If
 facts
Italk, …)
 actions taking place one after
another
 action set by a timetable or
schedule
Present A: He is speaking. at the moment, just,
 action taking place in the
Progressive N: He is not speaking. just now, Listen!,
Q: Is he speaking? moment of speaking Look!, now, right
 action taking place only for a now
limited period of time
 action arranged for the future
Simple Past A: He spoke. yesterday, 2 minutes
 action in the past taking
N: He did not speak. ago, in 1990, the
Q: Did he speak? place once, never or several other day, last Friday
times if sentence type II (If
Italked, …)
 actions taking place one after
another
 action taking place in the
middle of another action
Past A: He was speaking. when, while, as long
 action going on at a certain
Progressive N: He was not speaking. as
Q: Was he speaking? time in the past
 actions taking place at the
same time
 action in the past that is
interrupted by another action
Present A: He has spoken. already, ever, just,
 putting emphasis on
Perfect N: He has not spoken. never, not yet, so
Simple Q: Has he spoken? the result far, till now, up to
 action that is still going on now
 action that stopped recently

 finished action that has an
influence on the present
 action that has taken place
once, never or several times

before the moment of
 speaking
Present A: He has been speaking. all day, for 4 years,
Perfect N: He has not been speaking. since 1993, how
Progressive Q: Has he been speaking? the course or duration (not long?, the whole
the result) week
 action that recently stopped
or is still going on
 finished action that influenced
the present
Past Perfect A: He had spoken. already, just, never,
 action taking place before a
Simple N: He had not spoken. not yet, once, until
Q: Had he spoken? certain time in the past that day
 sometimes interchangeable if sentence type III (If
Ihad talked, …)
with past perfect progressive
 putting emphasis only on
the fact(not the duration)
Past Perfect A: He had been speaking. for, since, the whole
Progressive N: He had not been speaking. day, all day
Q: Had he been speaking? certain time in the past
 sometimes interchangeable
with past perfect simple
the duration or course of an
action
Future I A: He will speak. in a year, next …,
 action in the future that
Simple N: He will not speak. tomorrow
Q: Will he speak? cannot be influenced If-Satz Typ I (If you
 spontaneous decision ask her, she will
help you.)
 assumption with regard to the assumption: I think,
future probably, perhaps
Future I A: He is going to speak. in one year, next

 decision made for the future
Simple N: He is not going to speak. week, tomorrow
Q: Is he going to speak?  conclusion with regard to the
(going to) future
Future I A: He will be speaking. in one year, next

 action that is going on at a
Progressive N: He will not be speaking. week, tomorrow
Q: Will he be speaking? certain time in the future
 action that is sure to happen
in the near future
Future II A: He will have spoken. by Monday, in a

 action that will be finished at
Simple N: He will not have spoken. week
Q: Will he have spoken? a certain time in the future
Future II A: He will have been speaking. for …, the last
Progressive N: He will not have been couple of hours, all
speaking. certain time in the future day long
Q: Will he have been speaking?  putting emphasis on
the course of an action
Conditional A: He would speak. if sentences type II
 action that might take place
I Simple N: He would not speak. (If I were you,
Q: Would he speak? I would gohome.)
Conditional A: He would be speaking.
 action that might take place
I N: He would not be speaking.
Progressive Q: Would he be speaking?  putting emphasis on
the course /duration of the
action
Conditional A: He would have spoken. if sentences type III
 action that might have taken
II Simple N: He would not have spoken. (If I had seen that,
Q: Would he have spoken? place in the past Iwould have
helped.)
Conditional A: He would have been speaking.
 action that might have taken
II N: He would not have been
Progressive speaking. place in the past
Q: Would he have been  puts emphasis on
speaking?
the course /duration of the
action

Tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words: Simple Present

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tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words

tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words

 action that stopped recently

once, never or several times

Future I A: He is going to speak. in one year, next

Future I A: He will be speaking. in one year, next

Future II A: He will have spoken. by Monday, in a

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