ESQ 04 Mechanics G Value, Projectiles

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Name: ________________________

ESQ 04 Mechanics Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

Time: 19 minutes

Marks: 16 marks

Comments:

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The first section of a full-size stroboscopic photograph of a marble released from rest and in free
1 fall is shown below. Every time the strobe light flashes an image of the marble is recorded. The
time interval between successive flashes of the strobe light was 0.0435 s.

(a) This photograph can be used to find a value for the acceleration due to gravity g.

(i) Take measurements from the diagram below that can be used to find an accurate
value for g.

(2)

(ii) Calculate a value for g using your measurements from (a)(i).

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Suggest why the duration of the flash of the strobe should be as short as possible.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

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(Total 5 marks)

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A digital camera was used to obtain a sequence of images of a tennis ball being struck by a
2 tennis racket. The camera was set to take an image every 5.0 ms. The successive positions of
the racket and ball are shown in the diagram below.

(a) The ball has a horizontal velocity of zero at A and reaches a constant horizontal velocity at
D as it leaves the racket. The ball travels a horizontal distance of 0.68 m between D and G.

(i) Show that the horizontal velocity of the ball between positions D and G in the diagram
above is about 45 m s–1.

(3)

(ii) Calculate the horizontal acceleration of the ball between A and D.

answer = ____________________ m s–2


(1)

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(b) At D, the ball was projected horizontally from a height of 2.3 m above level ground.

(i) Show that the ball would fall to the ground in about 0.7 s.

(3)

(ii) Calculate the horizontal distance that the ball will travel after it leaves the racket
before hitting the ground. Assume that only gravity acts on the ball as it falls.

answer = ____________________ m
(2)

(iii) Explain why, in practice, the ball will not travel this far before hitting the ground.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

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Mark schemes
(a) (i) maximum distance from 1st to 5th image = 139 mm (allow 138 to 140mm) ✔
1
Any other correctly measured distance(s), to provide additional data, but do not allow
the distance from 1st to 2nd image (as this is too small).

Alternatively allow a repeat measurement of the maximum distance for this mark. ✔
E.g. 1st to 4th image distance = 79 mm, 1st to 3rd image distance =
34 mm (allow ± 1mm on these values)
If a candidate measures distances which do not go back to the first
image the initial velocity, u, will not be zero. Use of the ‘suvat’
equations is then considerably more complicated. A mark can still
be awarded, provided the candidate illustrates how g can be
calculated or correctly calculates g from this value in (a)(ii).
If the printing process in your centre alters the scale of this
diagram, measure the values on your printed papers and mark
the scripts accordingly. (Send details to the moderator).
If the candidate is visually impaired and is using a modified
paper that alters the scale of this diagram, measure the values
on the printed paper and mark the script accordingly.
2

(ii) Evidence of correct number of time intervals to match the distance used.(e.g Using
distance from 1st to 5th marble with 4 time intervals, time = 0.174 s) ✔

Value of g = 9.18 or 9.2 m s–2 (based on 139 mm and 0.174 s)


Allow ecf from value of time in (a),and ecf from incorrect
measurements in (b), but to allow ecf candidate must show
workings of the calculation and not just state a value for g

(Allow also 918 or 920 cm s–2 and 9180 or 9200 mm s –2) Answer must have correct
unit ✔
Allow this mark based on a correct calculation from just one
measurement of distance in (a)(i)
No sf penalty
2

(b) So image is sharp / less blurred / image is well defined


OR
Any answer referring to ‘motion blurring’
Allow reference to ‘image’ or ‘marble’
1
[5]

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2
(a) (i) v= (1)

t = 0.015 (s) or 15 (ms) (1)

0.68/0.015 (1) (= 45)


3

(ii) = 3000 (m s–2) (3022) (1)

(b) (i) s = (ut) = gt2 or t = (1)

correct substitution seen = (1)

0.68 to 0.69 correct answer to more than one dp seen (1)


3

(ii) (s = vt) = 45(.3) × 0.685 or 0.7 (1)

= 30.6 to 32 (1) (m)


2

(iii) mention of air resistance or drag (1)

causing horizontal deceleration or ‘slowing down’ (1)


2
[11]

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Examiner reports
This question discriminated well, with only the most able candidates scoring four or five marks.
1
(a) (i) Some candidates attempted to measure the largest distance, between the initial and
4th position. A tolerance of +/-1 mm was allowed on their measurement.

Fewer candidates attempted a second measurement, although the question clearly


referred to measurements
.

(ii) This proved to be much more difficult, and candidates had to compute the correct
time interval for the distance measured, and then use the correct formula. Only the
most able candidates were able to compute a correct value for g.

(b) Fewer than half of the candidates appreciated how the sharpness of the image would
depend on the duration of the flash.

In part (a) (i), most candidates quoted the equation and correctly calculated the time. The most
2 frequent misconception was the belief that a ‘suvat’ equation should be used even though the
velocity is constant.

The correct answer of 3000, or 3022, was accepted in part (a) (ii) and the majority successfully
produced this value.

In part (b) (i) most select and quoted the correct equation and showed the correct substitution.
Some lost the mark as they did not show the answer to more than one significant figure.

Part (b) (ii) was a very easy question for over 40% of candidates who understood that the
horizontal acceleration was zero. For these students, 45.3 × 0.685 = 31 gained two marks.
However, 13% did not attempt the question and another 40% misapplied a kinematics equation
to the situation often using 9.81 as the acceleration.

The vast majority of candidates identified air resistance as the key factor to part (b) (iii). However,
only 7% mention that horizontal deceleration is caused by air resistance.

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