Full MCQ

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 13

Multiple Choice Questions for Complementary Course

HY2CMT03-Transition to the Contemporary World


1. The Directory governed France from
[A.1795-1799, B.1789-1795, C.1780-1785, D.1785-1789]
2. The National Convention in France was dissolved in the year
[A. October 1795 B. December 1795 C .January1796 D. February 1796]
3. The Directory in France was overthrown by
[A. Napoleon B. Robespierre C .Danton D. Herbert]
4. Who was the first Consul in France after the Revolution
[A. Napoleon B. Robespierre C .Danton D. Herbert]
5 .Napoleon declared himself the emperor in the year
[A.1804, B.1805, C.1806, 1807]
6. Jean Jacques Rousseau is well known for his book—
[A. Levithian B. Social Contract C. The Spirit of Laws D. Age of Louis XIV
7. Who said “Man is born free but he is in chain everywhere”?
[A. Napoleon B. Voltaire C. Rousseau D. Locke]
8. The Continental system was introduced by Napoleon against
[A. Britain, B. France, C. Austria, D. Russia]
9. Napoleon declared the Berlin Decree against
[A. Britain, B. France, C. Austria, D. Russia]
10. Berlin Decree was issued by Napoleon in the year
[A. 1806 B.1807 C.1808 D.1809]
11.Napoleon’s invasion of Russia was in the year
[A.1811 B. 1812 C.1813 D.1814]
12.The Battle of Waterloo was in
[A.1812 B.1813 C.1814 D.1815]
13. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was declared in the year
[A. 1789 B.1790 C.1791 D.1792]
14.The Congress of Vienna was in the year
[A. 1815 B.1816 C.1817 D.1818]
15. The Risorgimento was the liberation movement in
[A. France B Italy C. Austria D. Prussia]
16. young Italy was founded by
[A. Cavour B Mazzini C .Garibaldi D. Bismark]
17. Italian Revolution was in the year
[A. 1748 B.1848 C.1745 D.1845]
18. The Customs Union started in Germany was known
[A. Bruschenshaft B. Zolleverin C. Directory D. Risorgimento]
19. The secret association formed by university students in Prussia
[A. Bruschenshaft B. Zolleverin C. Directory D. Risorgimento]
20. Red shirts in Italy was founded by
[A. Mazzini B. Garibaldi C. Cavour D. Matternich]
21. Unification of Italy was in the year
[A.1761 B.1861 C.1865 D.1765]
22. Iron Chancellor of Prussia
[A. Matternich B. Bismark C. Cavour D. Mazzini]

23. The Blood and Iron policy was followed by


[A. Matternich B. Bismark C. Cavour D. Mazzini]
24. Seven Weeks War was between
[A. Austria- Italy B. Austria-Prussia C. Prussia-Denmark D. Prussia-France]
25. Franco-Prussian War was on
[A.1860 B. 1870 C. 1880 D. 1890]
26. ‘Carbonari’was a secret society organised in
[A. France B. Italy C. Germany D. Russia]
27. Cavour was the Prime Minister of
[A. Piedmond B. Sardinia C. Nice D.Savoy]
28. France was represented in the Congress of Vienna by
[A. Matternich B. Talleyrand C. Alexander I D. Castlereagh]
29. Who was the main architect of Congress of Vienna
[ A. Napoleon B.Matternich C.Rosa Luxemberg D.Garibaldi]
30. The word imperium means
[A. Power B. Wealth C. Freedom D. Fraternity]
31.The Accumulation of Capital was written by
[A. Rosa Luxemberg B. Hobson C.Schumpeter D. Mommson]
32. Imperialism the Highest Stage of Capitalism was written by
[A. Rosa Luxemberg B. Lenin C. Marx D.Schumpeter]
33. For the unification of Italy Germany did not wage war against----------
[A France B. Denmark C. Portugal D. Austria]
34. Which among the following is not a basic principle of Karl Marx
[A. Class Struggle B. Historical Materialism C. Theory of Value D. Theory of Surplus Value]
35. Who propounded the doctrine of Scientific Socialism?
[A. Rousseau B. Marx C. Robert owen D. Voltaire]
36. In which revolution the idea of ‘Equality, Fraternity and Liberty was carried
[A. American B. French C. Russian D. English]
37.The White Man’s Burden was written by
[A. H.S Chamberlain B. Sidney Fay C. Morgantheu D.Rudyard Kipling]
38. War: Its Nature Cause and cure was written by
[A. H.S Chamberlain B. Sidney Fay C. Morgantheu D. Lowes Dickinson]
39. The Moroccan Crises was in the year
[A.March 1905-May 1906 B. March 1906-May 1907 C. March 1907-May 1908 D.March 1908-
May1909]
40. Bosnian crises was in
[A. 1908, B.1909 C.1910 D.1911]
41. Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in the year
[A.1912 B.1913 C.1914 D.1915]
42. Battle of Jutland was in the year
[A. 1914 B.1915 C.1916 D. 1917]
43. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed
[A. 1915 B.1916 C.1917 D. 1918]
44. U S entry to I WW on
[A. 6 April 1917 B. 6 April 1918 C.6 April 1919 D. 6 April 1920]
45 German Government signed an armistice on
[A.11 November 1916 B.11 Novemeber 1917 C.11 November 1918 D.11 Novemeber 1919]
46. A Fare Well to Arms was written by
[A. Earnest Heming Way B. Rudyard Kipling C. James Orwell D. Leo Tolstoy]
47. First WW lasted from
[A. 28 July 1912-11 November 1916 B.28 July 1913-11 November 1917 C.28 July 1914-11
November 1918 D.28 July 1915-11 November 1919]
48. Treaty of Versailles on
[A. 1917 B.1918 C.1919 D.1920]
49.Treaty of Saint Germaine –en -laye was signed
[A. 1917 B.1918 C.1919 D.1920]
50. Treaty of Neuilly –Sur – Seine signed on
[A. 1917 B.1918 C.1919 D.1920]
51. Treaty of Trianon was signed on
[A. 1917 B.1918 C.1919 D.1920]
52.Treaty of Sevres was signed on
[A. 1917 B.1918 C.1919 D.1920]
53. U S –Austria peace treaty was signed on
[A. 1918 B. 1919 C.1920 D.1921]
54. U S-German Peace Treaty was on
[A. 1918 B. 1919 C.1920 D.1921]
55. U S- Hungary Peace Treaty was on
[A. 1918 B. 1919 C.1920 D.1921]
56. Treaty of Lausanne was on
[A.1920 B.1921 C.1923 D.1924]
57. The term I WW was used for the first time by
[A. Earnest Haeckel B. Gareth Glover C. John Holland Rose D. J B Maclean]
58. The Romanov dynasty belong to
[A. Rome B. Russia C. Germany D. Spain]

59. Hohenzollern dynasty belong to


[A. Rome B. Russia C. Germany D. Spain]
60. The Haps berg dynasty belonged to
[A. Rome B. Russia C. Germany D. Austria-Hungary]
61. The term lost generation was coined by
[A. Gertrude Stein B. Heming Way C. James Orwell D. J B Maclean]
62. The book titled Age of Revolutions was written by
[A. H.G Wells B. Heming Way C. James Orwell D. E J Hobsbawn]
63. The phrase ‘a war to make the world safe for Democracy ‘was used by
[A Woodrow Wilson B. Winston Churchill C. Clement Atlee D. Mount Batten]
64. Who said ‘This war like the next war is a war to end war’
[A Woodrow Wilson B. Winston Churchill C. Clement Atlee D. David Lloyd George]
65. The Great Illusion was written by
[A. H.G Wells B. Heming Way C. Normal Angel D. J B Maclean]
66. The League of Nations was established with the Peace Conference at
[A. Versailles B. Paris C. Vienna D. Geneva]
67. League of nations was established on
[A. 10 Jan 1920 B. 10 Jan 1919 C.10 Jan 1918 D.10 Jan 1917]
68.Founder of League of Nations was
[A Woodrow Wilson B. Winston Churchill C. Clement Atlee D. Mount Batten]
69. Capital of League of Nations was located at
[A. Versailles B. Paris C. Vienna D. Geneva]
70. “League is very well when sparrows shout but no good when eagles fallout”. who said
[A Woodrow Wilson B. Winston Churchill C. Hitler D. Mussolini]
71. Who was the President of USA when First World War broke out?
[A Woodrow Wilson B. Winston Churchill C. Clement Atlee D. Roosevelt]
72. The term League of Nations was coined by
[A. G.L Dickinson B. Woodrow Wilson C. Clement Atlee D. Roosevelt]
73. The famous Fourteen Points was contributed by
[A Woodrow Wilson B. Winston Churchill C. Clement Atlee D. Mount Batten]
74. Paris Peace conference was in
[A. 1918 B. 1919 C.1920 D.1921]
75. The Head Quarter of Leagues Court was at
[A. Hague B. Paris C. Vienna D. Geneva]
76. Woodrow Wilson was awarded Nobel Prize in
[A.1917 B.1918 C.1919 D.1920]
77. The concept of Bundle of Sticks relates to
[A. Fascism B. Nazism C. Communism D.Socialism]
78. Anti- Democratic Movement in Italy was led by
[A. Mussolini B. Hitler C. Franco D. Lenin]

79. The leader of Black Shirts in Italy was


[A. Mussolini B. Hitler C. Franco D. Lenin]
80. The Nazy leader in Germany was
[A. Hitler B. Mussolini C. Franco D. Lenin]
81. The Spartacist Revolution of Germany was led by
[A. Rosa Luxemberg B. Mussolini C. Franco D. Lenin]
82. The Weimer Republic belonged to
[A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Britain]
83. Swastika was the symbol of Fascism in
[A. Italy, B. France C. Germany D. Spain
84. The Avanti was the Fascist news paper of
[A. Italy, B. France C. Germany D. Spain
85. The Beer Hall Putsch was the military coup attempt by
[A. Hitler B. Mussolini C. Franco D. Lenin]
86. Mein Kampf was the autobiography of
[A. Hitler B. Mussolini C. Franco D. Lenin]
87. Who was known as the Fuehrer
[A. Hitler B. Mussolini C. Franco D. Lenin]
88. The Third Reich was the regime of
[A. Hitler B. Mussolini C. Franco D. Lenin]
89. The principle of the struggle for existence was contributed by
[A. Newton, B. Kepler C. Darwin D. Galileo]
90. Who said ”peace is absurd Fascism doesn’t believe in it
[A. Hitler B. Mussolini C. Franco D. Lenin]
91.”War is to man what maternity to women” Who said?
[A. Hitler B. Mussolini C. Franco D. Lenin]
92.The Spartacist revolution in Germany was in the year
[A.1918 B.1919 C.1920 D.1921]
93. What is Gestapo?
[A. Secret Police of Italy B. Secret police of Russia C. Secret Police of Germany D. Secret
police of USA]
94. The Father of Science of Race was
[A. Gobineau B. Luther C. Huss D. Calvin]
95. The Great Depression was from the year
[A. 1929-33 B. 1930-33 C.1931-34 D.1932-35]
96. Black Thursday was on
[A.Oct.24 1929 B. Oct 24 1930 C. Oct.24 1931 D.Oct.24 1932]
97. The German Reichstag passed the notorious ‘Nuremberg Laws’ on
[A. 1930 B.1932 C. 1935 D. 1937]
98.The Grapes of Wrath on Depression was written by
[A. John Stein Back B. Wilheim Reich C. Erich Fromm D. Brickner]
99. The scholar who considered II WW as the’ Last European War ‘
[A. John Lukas B. John Stein Back C. Erich Fromm D. Brickner]

100. In 1900 A D the Secret society of Harmonious fists in China unleashed an attack on
Christians and foreigners which came to be called-------
[ A. Taiping Rebellion B. Boxer Rebellion C. Mejji Restoration D. Long March]
101. The Gathering storm was written by
[A. David Irving B. Winston Churchill C. John Lukas D. Erich Fromm]
102. Name the nation which bombed the Pearl Harbour during the Second World War
[A. Germany B. Russia C. Japan D. Italy]
103. Who gave the slogan” All power to the Soviets”?
[A. Marx B. Nicolas I C. Lenin D. Hitler]
104. The Origin of Second World War was written by
[A. A J P Taylor B. David Irving C. Winston Churchill D. William Shirer]
105. Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany on
[A. 1930 B.1931 C.1932 D. 1933]
106. Rome – Berlin Axis was formed on
[A. 1933 B. 1934 C. 1935 D.1936]
107. Anti-Comintern Pact was signed between Germany and Japan i n
[A. 1933 B. 1934 C. 1935 D.1936]
108. New Deal in America was introduced by
[A. Woodrow Wilson B. Franklin Roosevelt C. John F Kennedy D. Eisenhower]
109. Pots Dam Agreement was on
[A. 1943 B.1944 C.1945 D.1946]
110 U N Head Quarters is located at
[A. New York B. Tokyo C. Geneva Paris]
111. UN Officially came into existence on
[A. 24 Oct 1945 B 24 Oct 1944 C 24 Oct 1943 24 Oct 1942]
112. UN Charter was signed for the first time in-----
[A. London B. New York C. San Francisco D. Panz]
113. The Atlantic Charter was signed on
[A. 1941 B.1943 C.1945 D.1947]
114. The Sanfrancisco Conference was on
[A. 1942 B.1943 C.1944 D.1945]
115.Who was the prime Minister of England during the time of Second World War?
[A. Clement Atlee B.J F Kennedy C.Winston Churchill D.Joseph Stalin]
116. Yalta Conference was on
[A. 1942 B.1943 C.1944 D.1945]
117. The Russian Revolution was in the year
[A. 1917 B.1918 C.1919 D.1920]
118. The Russian royal family was known as
[A. Romanov B. Bourbon C. Hapsburg D. Hohenzollern]
119. The official newspaper of the Soviet communist party
[A. Pravda B. Avanti C. Istraka D. Spilka]
120. Bloody Sunday in Russia was on
[A. Jan 1903 B. Jan 1904 C. Jan 1905 D. Jan 1906]
121. The majority party during the Russian Revolution was known as
[A. Cheka B. Soviets C. Bolsheviks D. Menshiviks]
122. The Russian ruler at the time of the revolution was
[A. Nicholas I, B. Nicholas II C. Alexander I D. Alexander II]

123. The Russo-Japanese War of early 20th century was on


[A. 1902-03 B.1903-04 C.1904-05 D.1905-06]
124. The New Economic Policy was introduced in Russia by
[A. Lenin B. Stalin C. Trotsky D. Kerensky]
125. Soviet Five Year Plan was introduced by
[A. Lenin B. Stalin C. Trotsky D. Kerensky]
126. The Chinese Communist party was established in the year
[A. 1920 B.1921 C.1922 D.1923]
127. The first NAM Conference was held at----
[A. Delhi B. Islamabad C. Belgrade D. Cairo]
128. The First Five Year Plan was started in Russia in
[A.1924 B. 1928 C. 1932 D. 1951]
129. NATO was formed in the year
[A. 1947 B.1948 C. 1949 D. 1950]
130. SEATO was organized in the year
[A. 1950 B. 1951 C.1953 D.1954]
131. Bagdad Pact was in the year
[A.1952 B.1954 C.1955 D.1956]
132. The Warsaw Pact was in the year
[A.1952 B.1954 C.1955 D.1956]
133. The Non Alignment Movement was formally set up in
[A. 1960 B.1961 C. 1962 D.1963]
134. Bandung Conference is connected to
[A. NAM B. NATO C.SEATO D. Warsaw]
135. Bandung Conference was in the year
[A.1952 B.1954 C.1955 D.1956]
136. The Republican Revolution in china was in the year
[A. 1910 B.1911 C. 1912 D.1913]
137. The leader of the Republican Revolution of 1911 in China was
[A. Mao Tse Tung B. Sun Yat Sen C. Chiang Kaishek D. Cho enlai]
138. The last ruling dynasty of China
[A. Sung B. Yuan C. Ming D. Manchu]
139. The ‘War Lord Era’ in China was between
[A. 1916-28 B. 1917-1929 C. 1918-1930 D. 1919- 1931]
140. The People’s Republic of China was established in
[A. 1 Oct. 1949 B.1 Oct. 1948 C. 1 Oct. 1947 1 Oct. 1946]
141. The ‘Great Leap Forward’ in China was introduced by
[A. Mao Tse Tung B. Sun Yat Sen C. Chiang Kaishek D. Cho enlai]
142. The ‘Great Leap Forward’ in China was from
[A. 1958-59 B.1959-60 C. 1961-62 D. 1962-63]
143. The ‘Great cultural Revolution’ in China was introduced by
[A. Mao Tse Tung B. Sun Yat Sen C. Chiang Kaishek D. Cho enlai]
144. Glasnost in Russia was introduced by
[A. Lenin B. Stalin C. Trotsky D. Gorbachev]
145.The head quarters of UNESCO is located in----
[A. London B. Paris C. New York D. Rome
146. Which of the following countries is not a founder member of NAM?
[a. India B. Yugoslovia C. Pakistan D. Egypt]
147. The Brundtland Report relates to
[A. Globalization B. Terrorism C. Pollution D. Sustainable Development]
148. Who among the following was the exponent of World System Theory
[A. John Evelyn B. Immanual Wallerstein C. Martin Albrow D. Elizabeth king]
149. Orientalism is the work of
[A. John Evelyn B. Rachael Carson C. Edward Said D. Elizabeth king]
150. The Concept of Sustainable Economic Development was written by
[A. John Evelyn B. Rachael Carson C. Edward Barbier D. Elizabeth king]
151. Small is Beautiful was written by
[A. E F Schumacher B. Rachael Carson C. Edward Barbier D. Elizabeth king]
152. What is the term of UN Secretary General?
[A. 3 years B. 4 years C. 5 Years D. 6 years]
153. Vasco da Gama landed on Kerala Coast
[A 1498 B 1598 C 1698 D 1798]
154. Battle Of Plassey was fought in
[A 1657 B 1757 C 1857 D 1957]
155. Battle of Buxar took place in
[A 1564 B 1664 C 1764 D 1864]
156. Doctrine of Lapse was introduced in India by
[A. Dalhousie B. Wellesley C. Hastings D Curzon]
157. The Subsidiary Alliance System in India was introduced by
[A. Dalhousie B. Wellesley C. Hastings D Curzon]
158. The Mughal Emperor During the perio d of 1857 Revolt
[A. Shajahan B. Aurangazeb C. Dara shukoh D.Bahadurshah]
159. Indian National Congress was established in the year
[A 1784 B 1785 C 1884 D 1885]
160. Brahmo Samaj was founded by
[A. Dayananda Saraswati B. Ram mohun Roy C Vivekananda D.Ramakrishna paramahansa]
161. Arya Samaj was founded by
[A. Dayananda Saraswati B. Ram mohun Roy C Vivekananda D.Ramakrishna paramahansa]
162. The Muhammedan Anglo- Oriental College at Aligarh was founded by
[A Sayed Ahammed Khan B Muhammed Ali C Shaukat Ali D Muhammad Iqbal]
163 The Grand Old Man of India was
[A Gokhhale B Tilak C Dadabai Naoroji D Phiroz shah Mehta]
164 “ Swaraj is My Birth Right” Who said?
[A Gokhhale B Tilak C Dadabai Naoroji D Phiroz shah Mehta]
165 The Servants of India Society was established by
[A Gokhhale B Tilak C Dadabai Naoroji D Phiroz shah Mehta]
166Who is known as the political Guru of Gandhi
[A Gokhhale B Tilak C Dadabai Naoroji D Phiroz shah Mehta]

167 Bengal Partition was in


[A 1903 B 1904 C 1905 D 1906]
168 All India Muslim League was established in the year
[A 1903 B 1904 C 1905 D 1906]
169 The Rowlatt Act was passed in the Year
[A 1917 B 1918 C 1919 D 1920]
170 Jallianwalla bagh Massacre was on
[ A 13 April 1916 B 13 April 1917 C 13 April 1918 D 13 April 1919]
171 Chauri Chaura incident was on
[A 1920 B 1921 C 1922 D 1923]
172Gandhi – Irwin pact was on
[A 1911 B 1921 C 1931 D 1941]
173 Last British Governor General of India was
[A Warren Hastings B Mountbatten C Wavell D Curzon]
174 Who called Gandhi ‘half-naked fakir’?
[A Winston Churchill B Mountbatten C Wavell D Curzon]
175Second Round Table Conference was in the year
[A 1911 B 1921 C 1931 D 1941]
176 Gandhi’s Rise to Power was written by
[A. Judith Brown B. Rachael Carson C. Edward Barbier D. Elizabeth king]
177 Gandhi’s Dandi march was on
[A 1910 B 1920 C 1930 D 1940]
178 Quit India Movement was on
[A 1912 B 1922 C 1932 D 1942]
179 Who described Gandhi as “Indian Mussolini fomenting a race war trying to replace the
raj with Brahmin cronies playing on the ignorance of Indian masses for selfish gain”
[A Winston Churchill B Mountbatten C Wavell D Curzon]
180 “ Friends and Comrades the light has gone out of our lives there is darkness
everywhere”. Whose words?
[A Rajagopalachari B Subash Chandra Bose C Jawaharlal Nehru D Vallabhai Patel]
Answer Key( Transitions to the Contemporary World)
1. 1795-99
2. October 1795
3. Napoleon
4. Napoleon
5. 1804
6. Social Contract
7. Rousseau
8. Britain
9. Britain
10. 1806
11. 1812
12. 1815
13. 1789
14. 1815
15. Italy
16. Massini
17. 1848
18. Zolleverin
19. Bruschenshaft
20. Garibaldi
21. 1861
22. Bismark
23. Bismarck
24. Ausrtia-Prussia
25. 1817
26. Italy
27. Sardinia
28. Talleyrand
29. Matternich
30. Power
31. Rosa Luxemburg
32. Marx
33. Portugal
34. Theory of value
35. Marx
36. French
37. Rudyard Kipling
38. Lowes Dickinson
39. March 1905-May 1906
40. 1908
41. 1914
42. 1916
43. 1918
44. 6 April 1917
45. 11 November 1918
46. Ernest Hemingway
47. 28th July 1914-11th November 1918
48. 1919
49. 1919
50. 1919
51. 1920
52. 1920
53. 1921
54. 1921
55. 1921
56. 1923
57. Ernest Haeckel
58. Russia
59. Germany
60. Austria Hungary
61. G. Stein
62. E J Hobsbawn
63. Woodrow Wilson
64. David Lloyd George
65. Normal Angel
66. Paris
67. 10 Jan 1920
68. Woodrow Wilson
69. Geneva
70. Mussolini
71. Woodrow Wilson
72. G L Dickinson
73. Woodrow Wilson
74. 1919
75. Hague
76. 1919
77. Fascism
78. Mussolini
79. Mussolini
80. Hitler
81. Rosa Luxemburg
82. Germany
83. Italy
84. Italy
85. Hitler
86. Hitler
87. Hitler
88. Hitler
89. Darwin
90. Mussolini
91. Mussolini
92. 1919
93. Secret Police of Germany
94. Gobineau
95. 1929-33
96. Oct 24,1929
97. 1935
98. John Stein Back
99. John Lukas
100. Boxer Rebellion
101. Winston Churchill
102. Japan
103. Lenin
104. A J P Taylor
105. 1933
106. 1936
107. 1936
108. Franklin Roosevelt
109. 1945
110. New York
111. 24 Oct 1945
112. San Francisco
113. 1941
114. 1945
115. Winston Churchill
116. 1945
117. 1917
118. Romanov
119. Pravda
120. January 1905
121. Bolsheviks
122. Nicholas II
123. 1904-05
124. Lenin
125. Stalin
126. 1921
127. Belgrade
128. 1928
129. 1949
130. 1954
131. 1955
132. 1955
133. 1961
134. NAM
135. 1955
136. 1911
137. Sun Yat Sen
138. Manchu
139. A
140. 1 Oct 1949
141. Mao Tse Tung
142. 1958-59
143. Mao Tse Tung
144. Gorbachev
145. Paris
146. Pakistan
147. Sustainable Development
148. Immanual Wallerstein
149. Edward Said
150. Edward Barbier
151. Schumacher
152. 5 years
153. 1498
154. 1757
155. 1764
156. Dalhousie
157. Wellesley
158. Bahadurshah
159. 1885
160. Rajaram Mohan Roy
161. DayanandaSaraswathy
162. Sayed Ahamed Khan
163. Dadabhai Naoroji
164. Tilak
165. Gokhale
166. Gokhale
167. 1905
168. 1906
169. 1919
170. 13 April 1919
171. 1922
172. 1931
173. Mountbatten
174. Winston Churchill
175. 1931
176. Judith Brown
177. 1930
178. 1942
179. Winston Churchill
180. Jawaharlal Nehru

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy