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 1. - 8. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere 6. The global population ----lo rise lo 9.7 billion
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. people by 2050, when more !han two-thirds of
humanity in urban areas.
--H

1. in the medieval perioci, there was littie ---- between A) will be expected / have been living
the vmage and the town, bec:ause the villages were
generally self-sufficient and iso!ated. B) has been expected / live
A) evolution B) interaction C) is expected / will be living
C) proportion D) equipment D) would be expected / had lived
E) abbreviation E) was expected / will live

2. A lhorough understanding ol the causes ofa global

economic crisis can help us prepare ---- policies to 7. No advanced civilization -m-- in the oceans because
avoid similar future c:rises. living under water means you fire.
H m-

A) i ntact B) obsolete A) should have evolved / should not harness

C) distant D) abrupt B) would have evolved / must not harness
E) appropriate C) might have evolved / had betler not harness
D) could have evolved / cannot harness
E) ought ta have evolved / may not harness
3. Disfüıguishing the legerııds from the real historical
events of the early centuries of the Roman Empire
is � difficult for historians.
9
�-

A) respectively B) courageously
C) considerably D) reluctantly 8. Thousands of years before the invention of the
telescope, prehistoric humans m--- underground
E) urgently observatories stars.
MHm

A) should have built / observing

B) may have built / \o observe
4. The relations between the two countries have C) must build / having observed
improved, raising the prospect of eventua!
D) had to build / ta be observed
cooperation to rıab.ıral gas reserves worth
mmmm

hmıdreds of billions ol dollars. E) might build / ta have observed

A) exploit B) endure
C) impact D) neglect
E) remain

5. Allhough scien!ists have leamed a lot about !he

brain in the iast few decades, approaches to
treating mental illnesses have not mm--.
A) dealtwith B) laken in
C) kept up D) put off
E) come across
 38, • 40, sorulan aşağıdaki parçaya göre 39, it can be inlerred !rom the passage !hal •·•·,
cevaplaymız. A) the arms race of pre-war period ended abruptly in
the aftermath of World War 1
World War I had multiple causes, the most immediate
being the assassination of the Austrian archduke on B) hostile stance of Germany was an escalating factor
June 24, 1914, in Balkans. This event activated the lor World War 1
tangled web of European a!liances and defense pacts.
C) a series of assassinations rocked Europe in the
Behind the government decisions for war, however,
beginning of the nineteenth century
were a number of underlying political and military
stimuli, such as an arms race, national rivalries,
I I
D) military action was not seen asa viable option until
calculations of the balance of power, rigid mobiHzation the outbreak of the World War 1
plans, and in the case of Germany, an aggressive
men tality. The war alsa had an economic dimension, E) the equal distribution of raw materials could have
which was arguably the most signiflcant, as historian surely prevented the war
Paul Kennedy concluded. There were trade rivalries,
I
I

competition far raw materials and colonles, and a fierce

competition for overseas markets. "As far as the British
and German governments were concerned" Kennedy
wrote, ''the Wor
I Id War I was essentially entered into
l
because the former powerwished to preserve the
existing status quo whereas the latter, fora mixture of
offensive and defensive motives, was taking steps to
alter it",

l
38, According to !he

A) Austrians
I 1
archduke
I his!orian
hwohıed in Worid
'
I War i,
Paul Kennedy, ge!ling
�H�.

wanted ta revenge the death of \he

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t
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[:
40, Which of the following could be !he besi !ille for
!he passage?
A) The lmplicit and Explicit Reasons lor World War 1

B) Balkan governments tried to make territorial

!
t
B) How European Alliances Leci to World
I War 1
I

~- C) The Economic lmpact of World War I on Europe

acquisitions t
~
t D) Differing Views ol Historians on the Causes of
C) Germans expected that
I they would_J gain the control f 11

of Balkan states World War 1

l,. E) The Aftermath of World War I in Europe and in
D) Britain aim_ed to maintain the pre-war conditions r Balkans
E) European states suffered utter devastation, which I
took years to heal

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10
 UĞUR ıUBAYRAK • SUAT CÜRCAN • RIDVAN GÜRBÜZ

41. • 43. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 42. Why dbes the author discuss the various ideas of
cevaplayınız. medical professionals about deja vu?
A) AII deja vu experiences are unique with people
The term d6j8 vu is French and means, literally, experiencing it in different ways.
"already seen." Those who have experienced
' I the
feeling describe it as an overwhelming sense of B) There is not a consensus on why and how d0j8 vu
familiarity with something that should not be familiar at happens.
arı. Say, lor example, you are traveling ta England lor
C) Media is very much interested in fınding out more
the first
I time. You are touring a cathedral, and suddenly
about deja vu.
I

it seems as if you have been in that very spot before.

Or maybe you are having dinner with a group of O) DE!j8 vu is one of the areas in which science has
friends, discussing some current political tOpic, and you made great advances.
have the feeling that you have already experienced this
very thing - san7e friends, same dinner, same topic. E) Brain has something ta do with the phenomenon of
The phenomenon is rather complex and despite the deja vu.
extensive coverage in popular culture, experiences of
deja vu are poorly understood in scientific terms. Since
d€j8 vu occurs in individuals with and without a medical
condition, there is much speculation as ta how and why
this phenomenon happens. Several psychoanalysts
attribute deja vu ta simple fantasy ar wish fulfillment,
while some psychiatrists associate it with a
mismatching in the brain that causes the brain ta
mistake the present lor the past. Many
parapsychologists believe it is related ta a past-life
I ]

experience. Obviously, there is more investigation ta be

done.

41. Why does the author use "lhe tour ofa cathedral" 43. it can be inferred from !he passage !hat •·••,
and "the dinner" examples? A) human brain plays tricks ta keep busy when it is
A) Ta discuss the mas! frequently experienced forms not stimulated
of deja vu B) dE!j8 vu is a word of French origin, which makes it
B) Ta emphasize the importance of deja vu in terms diffıcult to understand
of memory C) people with a serious brain condition are more
C) Ta help the reader better understand what is likely ta experience dE!ja vu
meant by the concept of deja vu D) the importance of deja vu in memory retention is
D) Ta prove the existence of a lack of understanding well established
about deja vu E) deja vu is a phenomenon that is commonly dealt
E) Ta illustrate the phenomenon of deja vu by talking with in popular culture
about his/her personal experiences

.. '

11
 UĞUR ı\LBAYRı\l{, SUAT GÜRCı\N, RIDVı\N GÜRBÜZ

60. The human body is an electronic device and the

nerves are its electric. wires. The brain is the main
electric generator. Electric waves travel from main
generator and are dislributed according to the
needs of the various organs. --na On the other hand,
if any of the internal organs have an abnormality in
the electric supply, through weakened,
oversensitive or undisturbed nerves, a disease will
1 be produced.

1 A) The energy created by chemicals has ta do with

1 the composition of the atoms and molecules

present.
B) Ali of the molecules and elements, lor example,
I have !he potential ta create electrical impulses.

1 C) This goes on constantly, and sa the health of !he

1
body is maintained.
D) This electricity can be measured using very
sensitive recording tools sitting on the outside of
the head.
E) Various physical and physiological activities of
human body are looked ever by nerves.

59. - 63. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere parçada

anlam bütünlüğiinü sağlamak için getirilebilecek
cümleyi bulunuz.

59. Teachers have to be many-sided experts in their 61. Museums have expanded in variety and exploded

·ı
1,
flelds. They must have a wide·view of every aspect , in popularity over !he lası few decades. As their
of education and Schooling. They need content numbers and popularity have grown, there h_as
knowledge and the pedagogical knowledge been a marked change in their role in society. ----
integrated with it. ---- But !hey should not limit their f AII museums now place an emphasis on education
work only to !he development of specific aspects of
these plans. Teachers shoufd also have an idea
1 1
!hat !hey never did in the pası. What they primarily
did in the pası was to deal with collections and
about the networks of different experts who are 1 research.

ıı
ı
involved in creating and deVeloping content 1 A) They were supported largely by private money and
knowledge.
public funds.
A) An understanding of !he planning in education and
B) Anyone who enters a museum and spends enough
schooling is important.
time there will inevitably be affected.
i
B) Even so, teaching staff in ali education institutions

11
C) Whether or not they are crowded strongly
must be qualifıed and competent.
inf[uences the museum experience.
C) They can stili be remarkably more sophisticated
D) They are now increasingly viewed by the public as
and competent than teachers.
D) They must be ready ta make long-range plans lor
' institutions far public ıearning.
E) They have settings designed ta provide visitors

1
education.
with predictable and specifıc experiences.
E) in a currlculum, a teacher's plans and goals must
be clear and concise.
1
1
1�

12
 UĞUR ALBAYRAK, SUAT GÜRCAN , RIDVAN GÜRBÜZ

66. it is quite amazing that such a treatment as

acupuncture, which has been used by one third of
humanity for thousands of years, has been known
tora very short time in Europe.
A) insanlığın üçte biri tarafından binlerce yıldır
kullanılmakta olan akupunktur gibi bir tedavinin
Avrupa'da çok kısa bir süredir biliniyor olması
oldukça şaşırtıcıdır.
B) Akupunktur insanoğlunun üçte biri tarafından
binlerce yıldır kullanılıyor olmasına rağmen,
oldukça şaşırtıcı olan şey Avrupa'da böyle bir
tedavinin çok kısa bir süredir biliniyor olmasıdır.
C) Oldukça şaşırtıcı olan şey şudur ki Avrupa
akupunktur gibi bir tedaviyi çok kısa bir süredir
biliyor olmasına ragmen, bu tedavi insanlığın üçte
biri tarafından binlerce yıldır kullanılmaktadır.
D) insanlığın üçte birinin binlerce yıldır kullandığı
akupunktur gibi bir tedavi yönteminin Avrupa'da bu
kadar kısa bir süredir biliniyor olması oldukça
şaşırtıcı bir gerçektir.
E) Oldukça şaşırtıcıdır ki insanoğlunun üçte biri
tarafından binlerce yıldır kullanılan akunpunktur
gibi bir tedavi yönteminden Avrupa'nın çok kısa bir
süre öncesine kadar haberi yoktu.

14
 UĞUR ALBAYRAK- SUAT CÜRCAN - RIDVAN GÜRBÜZ
----------...:...:c..:c:.:..:..=;;.;c;.;;.;;;;.:;:;_.:c.::;;.;;.;

29. - 31. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 30. it is stated in the passage that ----.
cevaplayınız. A) the reliability of !he numbers of provided by the
Japanese government is in question
According to a survey released by the government of
Japan, more !han halfa million young people have B) young adults tend to shy away from general
withdrawn from society to lead reclusive lives. The population in their early 20s
phenomenon, called "hikikomori," is defined by the
C) doctors are desperately searching for a cure to
Japanese Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry as
help those suffering !rom the adverse effects of
people who have not lef! their homes or interacted with
loneliness
others for at least six months. Of the 541,000 people
between age 15 and 39 who fil !hal description, 34% D) people suffering !rom hikikomori cannot keep a
have spent seven years or more in self-isolation. steady job, constantly moving !rom one to another
Another 29% have lived in reclusion far three to five
years. Hikikomori (the term is used for bolh the E) a combination ofindividual and societal factors
condition and its subjects) surfaced as a phenomenon could be leading people to live secluded lives
in Japan in lhe 1990s. At the time, some experts
estimated that about one million people, mostly young
men in their 20s, were spending their days locked up in
their bedrooms, reading comic books, watching TV, or
playing video games. They refused to work or go lo
school and often did not communicate with family
members, let alona friends. There is na standard
course of treatment tor this condition. Doctors believe
the condition, which is not yet classified as an official
disorder, is caused by a mix of psychological and
societal influences. it is far more common in men, who
face more cultural pressure ta succeed socially and
professionally than women do.

31. One point made in the passage is that •···:

29. According to the passage, hikikomori ----.
A) more than hail a million Japanese people are in
A) has been declining since the 1990s danger of serious depression as they continue ta
B) could be treated through social interaction avoid their families

C) could be life-threatening il lef! untreated B) those who choose not to leave their homes for
prolonged periods of time include not only
D) emerged !rom reading activities teenagers but also adults
E) is not officially classified as a disorder C) many people in Japan are forced to live in isolation
as indicated by the government records kept since
the 1990s
D) women are more vulnerable ta hikikomori because
of a great deal of societal and professional
pressure on them
E) doctors urge people to pay a visit to the nearest
health facility as soon as the symptoms start to
emerge

7
 32. - 34. sorulan aşağıdaki parçaya göre 33. As il is understood from the passage, the idea ofa
cevap!aymız. poslage slamp introduced by Sir Rowland Hill ----.
A) was part of secret reform program called "Post
in the ear!y days of the postal service, stamps and Office Reforms"
enve!opes did not exist. When you wanted to send a
letter you would fold it up and seal it shut. and the B) was immediately welcomed by the British who
person who received the letter had ta pay far the enacted a !aw about its use in 1840
delivery costs. Since rates at that time were very high,
C) had attracted the attention of many governments
many people refused to accept letters. ln fact, many
by the middle of the nineteenth century
people developed secret codes by which they could
cheat the postal services. They would place secret D) had caused a great deal of controversy before it
marks on the outside of the letter that conveyed their was eventually adopted
message and al! the addressee had to do was read the
secret message, refuse to accept the letter, and thus E) made it possible to send letters at varying rates
not have to pay far it. For tlıis reason, postal services depending on the location of the addressee
turneci ta a means of prepaying postage. in 1837 Sir
Rowland Hill. the British Postmaster General,
introduced the "Post Office Reforms" whereby the mail
could go anywhere in the Brltish lsles at the same rate,
but the postage was to be paid by the sender not the
addressee, and payment was receipted by placing a
sma!I piece of co!ored paper on the outside of the
letter; that is, the stamp. Hill's proposal was heavily
debated fara few years, but after serious discussion
the change was enacted and instituted in 1840. Thus
on May 6, 1840 the first government-printed postage
stamps were born.

32. According to the passagıe, postal services camıa up 34. The primary purpose of !he aulhor is lo ----.
with a way of taking the paymerııt in advance
because ---�. A) reveal the flaws of the postal system
A) the British Post Office made it mandatory far the B) explain how and why the postage stamp came
sender and the receiver ta share the deliveıy costs about
B) !hey na longer wanted ta cheat people and take C) discuss the controversies surrounding stamps
any more of their money
D) provide a brief account ofthe postal office reforms
C) stamps and envelopes started to be used far E) show how stamps have changed over the years
standard deliveries
D) postal rates were too high far the people delivering
the letter
E) people used to communicate with each other in
subtle ways that did not require accepting the letter

8
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41. -43. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre 42. Why does our brain work so actlvely durlng
cevaplayınız. REM sleep?
A) it may be arranging all the information absorbed
One remarkable thing about our brain is that it throughout the day
needs to sleep every day. Without sufficient sleep,
we feel tired and are unable to concentrate, and the B) it might be regulating the energy-consuming
brain does not function properly. So, far seme time, process of dreaming
it was thought that the main function of sleep was to
C) it could be carrying aut seme biological work,
help the body (and to a lesser extent the brain) to
though we cannot know far sure
recover. But there are soma periods during sleep
when the brain is extremely active. During rapid­ D) it must be helping the body to recover from
eye-movement (REM) stage of sleep, the phase of health issues
sleep that is normally associated with dreaming,
there is an increased amount of neural activity, and E) it may be trying to get rid of the information that
more blood flows into the brain during this phase of is no lenger needed
sleep than when we are awake. The electrical
activity of the brain during REM sleep alsa looks
remarkably similar to what it looks like when we are
awake. What could the brain be doing, working so
hard far hours every night while we sleep? Although
there is not a precise answer to this question, seme
important biological functions may well be underway
during REM sleep. This is alsa supported by the fact
that if our brain is deprived of REM sleep on one
night, it remains in REM stage tor a lenger period of
time the next night.

o
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41. "How does the human brain com pensate a night 43. Which of the following could be the best title for
wlthout REM sleep? the passage?

A) it reduces its main electrical activities. A) The Effects of Lack of Sleep

B) it continues to do maintenance work until earty B) Dreams in REM Sleep

hours of the morning. C) Functions of the Brain
C) it carries aut mandatory biological functions. D) Our Brain and Sleep
D) it necessitates more blood to be pumped. E) Brain Activity at Night
E) it spends more time in REM sleep the following
night.

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