Fog Screen Technology 2021-2022

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two Finnish virtual reality researchers
created the Fog Screen to recreate some of the effects from these movies in real life. Fog
Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows to project images and video onto
a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images are floating in midair. Fog Screen
is the world’s first immaterial walk-through projection screen. Its Qualities, in particular the
walk-through capability, set Fog Screen apart from other displays and thus created a
seemingly successful market for its products. The Fog Screen is an innovative display
technology that allows for projections on a thin layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull
down screen that is found in many classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled down
from the ceiling, fog is pushed down and held in place by several small fans, allowing for a
consistent surface for display.

The fog screen projection technology is the first in China and is known as the fog screen
movie projector in the industry. This projector is inspired by the imaging principle of a
mirage. It uses fog and air to simulate a projection screen, so as to achieve an image feeling
like a real illusion. It consists of an ordinary projector and an air screen system. The air screen
system can create a thin and dense water ion vapor curtain wall at room temperature. The
projector projects the image on it, due to the unbalanced molecular vibration of the air and the
fog wall It can make the picture have a peculiar layering and three-dimensional effect, and let
people feel the distinctive display effect. The image gives people the feeling as in a painting
of people walking, painting in people, like a fairyland like a jade pond. It makes it easy for
people to look at the presence of the screen, and the image is displayed in front of the tourists.
From day one the most crucial point in this project has been to access the device in order to
conduct and collect information about the unit. Because the product is very exclusive, only a
few exists in Norway, whereas only one unit is installed permanently. Thus the master plan
was to conduct the examination of the device in Finland at the manufacturer. To everyone’s
big surprise, we found out that an actual Fogscreen was installed at the Science Center
(Vitensenteret Innlandet) in Gjovik. The most critical element in this project turned out to be
the easiest.

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1.1 BRIEF HISTORY

It was invented by two Finnish virtual reality researchers Fog Screen, which was initially
known as WAVE (Walkthrough Virtual Environment), was announced in December 2001.
The first public demonstration of Fog Screen was in Finland in October 2002.Till then it is in
use in different areas and improvements are being done to increase its effectiveness. Inspired
by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two Finnish virtual reality researchers created
the Fog Screen to recreate some of the effects from these movies in real life. Fog screen is one
such immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on which to project imagery (DiVerdi et
al. 2006). Its Qualities, in particular the ambulation-through capability, set Fog Screen apart
from other exhibits and thus engendered a ostensibly prosperous market for its products. As
the screen itself can appear from nowhere and vanish again, it engenders immensely colossal
possibilities for use in theatre plays and concert. This product is utilizing Infrared sensor to
the fog screen, accordingly this is going to the container which is engendering the fog. A
projector is utilized to project our system on the fog. The contrivance will work as fog exhibit
and as well as it has a Hand Gesture system.

Fog Screen is a patented technology, which Rakkolainen, one of the senior researchers and
founders behind this technology, describes as “an immaterial projection screen that consists of
air and a little humidity, and enables high-quality projected images in thin-air, as well as
many new applications.” Palovuori (2006) writes that the FogScreen creates a large non
turbulent airflow to protect a dry fog flow inside it from turbulence. The Fog Screen debuted
at the 2002 Turku Science Fair. The Fog Screen magnetizes viewers to play with it whenever
it is utilized for image projection in public. The screen can be habituated to magnetize people
to theme parks and other magnetizations, museums (both art and science), nightclubs (why
not circumvent the dance floor with a walkthrough screen), theaters, casinos, PR events.
Utilizing a Projector to exhibit the system on Fog Screen exhibit that is on the contrivance.
The Projector is situated at the bottom of the contrivance or it can be placed anywhere to
exhibit the image. The best thing of this contrivance is utilizer can interact with it. By Voice
Apperception and Hand Gestures, this system will communicate with utilizer The Fog Screen
Company was founded in 2003 and volume production began in 2004. An interactivity add-
on, which lets you write “in the air” and even control a computer, debuted in 2005. The Fog
Screen One launched in 2006.

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CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Fog Screen works best indoors with a dark background that enhances the brightness of the
image on the Fog Screen behind the projector. So, it can’t be used in day light. It is presently
very much expensive, but the FogScreen.inc is working on providing it in a reasonable price.
Price is one weakness, with the cost Fog Screen will have to cater for a specialized market,
unlikely ever to be used in the normal household or to replace plasma/LCD displays (Watson,
2007). Need 1kW of energy to produce 1m long fog screen. And it is produce 3-5 litres of
water in one hour which should be vent. And you can't make a high fog screen, because fog
would diffuse with distance.

2.1 OBJECTIVE

All the important principles of Fog Screen technology have patent pending. The basic
components of the screen are a laminar, non-turbulent airflow, and a thin fog screen injected
into and inside a laminar flow. The first public demonstration of Fog Screen was in Finland in
October 2002.The topic of this thesis was chosen based on a combination of my academic
background as a Media management student, and a personal interest in color management and
modern display systems. I find it very interesting to know the future within projection
systems, and based on this curiosity I have chosen Fog screen which is highly applicable at
the moment as one of the few products in the market within the category of immaterial
projection screens. Moreover, the research work of this thesis is approached from a technical
aspect that I find interesting to learn more about, in combination with my professional skills
in business, media and innovation. Since the Fog screen is an exclusive product, my personal
goal is to be one of the few people in Norway who is specialized in managing both technical
and media content for this type of display. This kind of expertise will be a door opener for job
opportunities in the future. Till then it is in use in different areas and improvements are being
done to increase its effectiveness. Fog screen is one such immaterial screen and uses the
method of fog on which to project imagery. Fog Screen is an exciting new projection
technology that allows you to project images and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating
the illusion that the images are floating in mid air.

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CHAPTER 3

ARCHITECTURE

Fig 3.1: System Architecture

Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air humidifier. Tap
water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound, turning it instantly into
a thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in diameter. The tank’s internal design
plus 3 sets of fans work together to create a very thin wall of mist about half of an inch thick.
non-fixed screen technology is in constant development. Furthermore, the immaterial display
systems are divided into 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional display technologies. Typical 3
dimensional (volumetric) display units are Hologram. This thesis focuses on the 2
dimensional screen technologies, such as Heliodisplay, Displair, and Fogscreen. The common
drive for this trend in the market is to implement displays that are transparent, immaterial, and
interactive “touch”-screens. These properties increase the application possibilities, which will
lead to increased revenue for the consumer.This trend is especially interesting when viewed
from a commercialized perspective. Such display units demands for immediate attention, in
addition also serve the purpose of functioning as an effective channel for information

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distribution whether its advertisement or informative communication. The rising trend of

implementing immaterial screens is highly interesting from a business innovation point of
view. Powerful visual effect, attention grabbers, and the immediate attraction of people-flow
are vital properties in a commercialized market. And managing these assets will eventually
lead to increased revenue.

3.1 Diagram of Fog Screen Generation

Here in two side air flow is given to make a constant flow of fog for the display of image.
Because if the outside air will enter then it may create disturbance in displaying the image. As
the fog here we are using are dry and very light. The fog is made within the device using
water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold your hands in the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool,
and your hands do not get wet. After the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it.
The screen can be translucent or fully opaque.

Fig 3.1.1:Fog Screen Generation

This trend is especially interesting when viewed from a commercialized perspective. Such
display units demands for immediate attention, in addition also serve the purpose of
functioning as an effective channel for information distribution whether its advertisement or
informative communication. The rising trend of implementing immaterial screens is highly
interesting from a business innovation point of view. Powerful visual effect, attention

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grabbers, and the immediate attraction of people-flow are vital properties in a commercialized
market. And managing these assets will eventually lead to increased revenue.

3.2 How Fog Machine Works

Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air humidifier. Tap
water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound, turning it instantly into
a thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in diameter. The tank’s internal design
plus 3 sets of fans work together to create a very thin wall of mist about half of an inch thick.
One set of fans blows the fog downwards while the other two sandwiches the fog between air
curtains so that it becomes a smooth projection screen. Fog Screen works much like many
screens in terms of its projection properties and requires a 2kw power supply.

Fig 3.2.1: Fog Machine

A major difference is the need for a water supply, with onscreen using fifty litres of tap water
per hour. The Device situated above the fog screen enables the purification of the water via a
silver-ion channel and minerals within the tank are cleaned out through regular maintenance
(Jordan Woods, 2007). The opacity will depend on a number of factors, mainly fog density,
the projector, image brightness, and the background. It appears to be a very versatile
technology and can be combined with many methods in order to achieve the imagery

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required, such as pseudo 3D display and mechanisms to allow further interactivity via
tracking.

The founders of the Fog Screen were intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that
could float in the air and that people could walk through. They set out to make a projected
image float in the air by using different media such as dust, water, fog, and then a mist of tiny
water droplets. They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to ensure that people would
not get wet and that the Fog Screen could operate within a broad range of environmental
conditions.
Projecting video on a fog screen creates an awesome ghostly effect. It’s not a novel idea in
2020; there are commercial fog screens for $10,000 (I did find one on Alibaba for $4,000)
and some excellent DIY fog screen projects posted online. But none of these met the criteria I
wanted; they were either too expensive, too heavy (400lbs!), or too impractical for a simple
haunted house effect. I needed a fog screen that was:

• Cheap to build, from everyday materials that are easy to source

• Lightweight enough to hang over Halloween revelers’ heads without a scaffold
• Adaptable to indoor/outdoor conditions such as warm windy days, cool calm days,
or rain
• Easily deconstructed for storage (in a home that’s already maxed out).
Such a fog screen didn’t exist, so I decided to make my own. In this build I’ll demonstrate
how to make the cheap, light, highly adaptable fog screen I use in our yearly Halloween
display, for less than $150 (not including your projector or fog machine). You can get all the
electronics on Amazon and the rest from a hardware or home improvement store.

3.3 Layers of Fog Screen

The fog is sandwiched between two laminar air curtains, making the surface less turbulent by
resisting wind pressure in most indoor conditions. The Fog screen works well in almost all
types of installation settings, however it is meant for indoor use only. The crucial factor to
obtain best possible image quality requires low ambient light, or a stronger projector to
compensate in brighter light conditions. Water is the only ingredient to make this device
work. Pure water is filled in the tank, or a water line is connected to the device in case of
permanent installation. The water consumption depends on the size of the screen. A 2.2 meter

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wide eMotion model consumes 6-10 liters per hour. Thus water line connection is
recommended for permanent installation.

Fig 3.3.1:Layers of Fog Screen

3.4 Build the Fog Screen

Fig 3.4.1:Display of an Image

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Fig 3.4.2:PVC Pipe

Drill 1/3″ holes spaced 1″ apart in a straight line along the PVC pipe in figure 3.4.2. This is
where the fog will come out. You can use the entire length of the tube but I found that a 5′
wide fog screen is adequate. Cap one end with the PVC end cap.

Fig 3.4.3: Screen Fans

For the screen fans, line up the 120mm computer fans evenly on either side of the holes you
just drilled and secure them with zip ties in figure 3.4.3. Orient them so the flow of air is in
the same direction as the fog exiting the tube. Connect them in parallel by plugging the 4-pin
Molex connectors together front-to-back to make one long daisy chain. Take the last fan’s 3
in CPU connector and use jumper wires to connect its motor terminals to one of your DC
potentiometers. This will control the speed of all the screen fans on either side of the holes.
For the fog suction fan, sand the corners off the small 50mm fan to fit it inside the PVC pipe,
with the flow of air directed toward the fog exit holes in figure 3.4.3. Connect this fan to your
second potentiometer.

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Fig 3.4.4:Fog Suction Fan

For the fog suction fan, sand the corners off the small 50mm fan to fit it inside the PVC pipe,
with the flow of air directed toward the fog exit holes. Connect this fan to your second
potentiometer.

Connect both potentiometers to a 12V DC transformer that’s rated for a total amperage
greater than the sum of the amperage of all your fans combined. In our fog screen we have 14
fans at 160mA and one at 100mA, totaling 2340mA, powered by a 12V 2500mA transformer.
We were lucky and sourced the transformer from an old laptop but various 12V transformers
with the needed amperage can be found on Amazon.

Finally, make the fog skirt. Previous DIY and commercial fog screens have focused on
laminar flow of the air from the fans to keep the fog in place. That’s awesome, but it adds too
much weight and complexity for our needs. I found that a 4″-tall rectangular skirt made from
corrugated plastic, running the length of the fog tube under the exit holes helps focus the fog
on a thin line after exiting. The skirt can be secured with duct tape or with our 3D-printed
supports. Fogscreeen Pro is a linkable one-meter-wide screen, which allows larger set-ups.
This model perform in more challenging environments and withstands frequent road use.
Eyebolts can now be drilled into each end of the pipe to suspend the screen with nylon cord
without the need for scaffolding. The entire fog screen tube with fans and electronics weighs a
mere 8½ pounds!

3.5 Fog Cooling Bucket

Ideally the fog should be cooled so it behaves “heavier” as it leaves the PVC tube and
disperses less, which leads to a better projected image. But I have successfully used the fog

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screen without cooling the fog, by varying the speed of the fans. For a quicker build, this
component may be skipped if necessary.

Fig 3.5.1:Fog Cooling Bucket

We run our fog through a simple 5gal cooling bucket. Cut two 3″ holes in the bucket wall, at
the top of one side and the bottom of the other. I made these holes 180° from each other. Then
coil 10′ of 3″ aluminum dryer hose from the bottom of the bucket to the top, exiting the holes
and leaving the center empty. Fill the bucket with dry ice for rapid cooling and put the lid on.
Connect the top opening of the cooling bucket to the suspended fog screen with the remaining
10′ of dryer hose. All connections can be made with duct tape or our 3D printed parts.
Connect the fog machine to the lower opening of the cooling bucket and your fog screen setup
is ready to go.

3.6 Fog Machine

Fig 3.6.1:Fog Machine

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Don’t skimp. After much experimentation, I’ve found it’s crucial to get the right amount of
fog for the situation. On a windless day with hyper-cold fog cooled by dry ice, you may need
very little fog. On a windy day when you don’t have dry ice and the fog is warmer, you may
need to output more fog. The fog must also run continuously. Most cheap fog machines run
100% for 40 seconds and then stop and have a refractory period before they fire up again; this
is not acceptable for our fog screen. The best fog machine for the screen would be one with
variable output and also on-demand output in figure 3.6.1. I found the Chauvet DJ Hurricane
1200 to be the best and least expensive fog machine that fit these criteria.

3.7 Projecting Videos and Images

Fig 3.7.1:Projected Image

The final step is projecting onto the screen. Ghostly images and video loops can be found
online, both open source and for purchase. A single ghost or phantom without any
background usually projects very well as in figure 3.7.1. I personally like the quality of the
video loops at AtmosFX.com but you can project anything that you would project on a real
projector screen.
Good projections can be made even with average projectors. Wait until dark, and try blocking
unwanted ambient light near the screen, and varying the fog output and the fan speeds. For
best results the projector must be behind the screen relative to the viewer, and after much trial
and error, I’ve found that placing the projector at a higher elevation than the screen tends to
result in less glare for the viewer.

The heavier the fog, the sharper the resolution of the projection, with crisp images and detail;
but too much fog can fill an area quickly, ruining the effect. Lighter fog done just right is

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almost invisible, and the projection seems to materialize out of thin air like a hologram.
Detail is harder to see with the lighter fog, and if it’s too light the projection may not be seen
at all. It takes practice, varying the fog output, fog suction speed, and screen fan speed to
achieve the desired illusion for the weather conditions that day.

3.8 Fog Screen Technology

It is one type of advanced projecting device which consumes water and electricity to form
fogs on which images are projected. The fog they use is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even
if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water
with no chemicals whatsoever. The Fog Screen is a display technology that instead of using a
traditional screen uses a thin layer of dry fog as the display surface.

Fig 3.8.1:Here the tea-pot is projected on fog generated by a fog generating device.

Fog Screen is a patented technology, which Rakkolainen, one of the senior researchers and
founders behind this technology, describes as,“…an immaterial projection screen that consists
of air and a little humidity, and enables high-quality projected images in thin-air, as well as
many new applications.”. Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows you
to project images and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images
are floating in mid air. Fog Screen is a just that, a 2D projection screen, but not a common
opaque screen like hundreds of others in the market, rather an immaterial screen. The word
immaterial in relation to display systems refers to those that create that sense of imagery
floating in mid-air, usually created using water, smoke or fog. Fog screen is one such
immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on which to project imagery. The Fog Screen is

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an innovative display technology that allows for projections on a thin layer of dry fog.
Imagine the traditional pull down screen that is found in many classrooms today. Instead of a
screen being pulled down from the ceiling, fog is pushed down and held in place by several
small fans, allowing for a consistent surface for display. A user may simply stand back and
view the material but can also reach or walk through the fog. A user may also interact with
objects displayed in the fog with the use of an input device like a data glove, a tracked wand,
or simply using hands (see Technical Analysis). Currently, there are only nine Fog Screens
available in the world. Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows you to
project images and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images are
floating in midair. You can literally use the air as your user interface by touching only the air
with your bare hands. The screen is created by using a suspended fog generating device with
no frame around, and works with video projectors.

The fog they use is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen
device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. The
Fog Screen is a display technology that instead of using a traditional screen uses a thin layer
of dry fog as the display surface. The system starts with water that is held in a large plastic
container or comes from a regular water pipe. This water is drawn through a plastic tube via a
small engine. Users have the ability to control the density and flow of the fog and the strength
of the sandwiching airstreams. With two projectors, we can project different images on both
sides of the screen. The Fog Screen is a new invention which makes objects seems to appear
and move in thin air! It is a screen you can walk through!

The Fog Screen is created by using a suspended fog generating device; there is no frame
around the screen. The installation is easy: just replace the conventional screen with Fog
Screen. We don’t need to change anything else it works with standard video projectors. The
fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen
device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever.
With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen crisp, and
protected from turbulence.. All the important principles of Fog Screen technology patent have
pending. The basic components of the screen are a laminar, on-turbulent airflow, and a thin
fog screen created this way, the fog screen is an internal part of the laminar airflow, and
remains thin and turbulenceSDRAM Infiniband PCIeGB Ethernet PCIe slots Infiniband
Switch SAS SATA RAID Disk array

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3.9 Under the Surface

As already mentioned, the screen is made up of a layer of fog. It is therefore quite unique that
such a substance could allow for clear and undisturbed image projection. The secret lies in
how this layer of fog in maintained. Palovuori (2006) writes that the Fog Screen creates a
large non-turbulent airflow to protect a dry fog flow inside it from turbulence in figure 3.9.1.
The outer airflow may get slightly turbulent, but the inner fog layer remains thin and crisp. In
a sense, the outer air-flows are like air curtains that sandwich the fog flow and maintain its
integrity.

Fig 3.9.1: Under the Surface

3.10 Principle of fog screen projection

The fog screen system is an electronic overfrequency oscillation system. Through the high
frequency resonance of the transducer, the water is thrown off the water surface to produce a
natural drifting water mist. It does not need heating or chemical agent to produce 1-10
microns water particles floating in the air. It also uses the principle of aerodynamics to
produce a screen that can present a plane fog. DiVerdi (2006) further explains that ordinary
tap water (droplets of 2-3 microns) becomes trapped inside this inner layer, and that “even
though the fog is made of water, it appears dry to the touch, just like air.” Therefore, the
technology is rather simple in nature, making use of water and one device located above the
screen to maintain the above mentioned airflow.

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Fig 3.10.1:Principle and installation of fog screen projection

The Fog Screen works very much like an ordinary screen in terms of projection properties.
Fog Screen is best when used for real projection situations. Distance between projector and
screen should be a minimum of 2 meters. All the important principles of Fog Screen
technology are patented. The basic components of the screen are a laminar, non-turbulent
airflow that remains thin, crisp and protected from turbulence. The fog is made with
ultrasonic waves and ordinary tap water no chemicals are needed. It feels dry and cool to the
touch. After the screen is formed by the fog, images can be projected onto it. The Fog Screen
projection screen can be translucent or fully opaque. It works very much like any ordinary
screen in terms of projection: The image is spectacular in normal daylight, but the darker the
room the better the results. A projector with at least 6500 ANSI Lumen is recommended. The
distance between the projector and screen should be a minimum of 2 meters. Fog Screen
projection screen is a stand-alone product that can be integrated into any environment,
including casinos and clubs, malls and showrooms, fairs and convention centers, theme parks,
science centers, museums, theatre, TV, fashion shows, and corporate venues. It can be
controlled by using the DMX 512 protocol.

The Fogscreen is available in several sizes :

➢ 0.8m wide fogscreen for permanent installation.

➢ 2.2m wide fogscreen for event or for permanent installation.
➢ 1.1m wide fogscreen.

Fogscreen is a rear-projection screen, which means the particles of water are not very
reflective (only about 5%to 10% bounce back(FogioOy 2004), but they transmit light forward

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very well – creating the illusion of a floating images in the mid air. A projector with suitable
lumen is needed to display the images. There are no particular brands of projector that work
best on Fogscreen,The projector is normally mounted above the Fog-screen projection screen
and angled downwards to avoid creating a bright hotspot on the viewer’s eyes. In most
installations, the screen is mounted so the bottom of the generator is about 2.2 m above the
ground. In this case the projector is normally about 3 – 3.5 m back from the screen and 3 m in
the air.The projector is angled down-wards and keystone correction is used to fix the resulting
trapezoi-dal image. The distance can be shortened to less than 2 m by using a wide-angle lens
FogScree projection screen is available in modules of 1m wide One for event and renting
applications. Multiple Ones can be linked to form a seamless projection screen of any width,
almost without limit.

3.11 Formation of Fog Screen

▪ It is formed by using ordinary tap water and digital technology like ultrasonic device to
create a thin layer of dry fog which is sandwiched between two air-curtains.
▪ The fog is created by suspended fog generating device.
▪ The fog is made up of ordinary tap water with no chemicals

Fog Screen creates a “dry” fog by ensuring that the water droplets are in the range of 2-3
microns in size and are electro statically charged so that they move around and away from
other objects. The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold
your hands in the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and your hands do not get wet. After
the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be translucent or fully
opaque. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the
Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals
whatsoever. With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen.

The closest alternative to such projection set-up as a Fogscreen is a normal reflective canvas;
therefore this reflective screen is used as reference data to evaluate the difference between
such projection solutions. There is one significant issue due to the reference data; because of
different technologies between a Fogscreen and a reflective canvas (that reflect the light) an
inaccuracy occurs because of different ambient light in the two different rooms. For the
Fogscreen measurements, the spectrophotometer is located in front of the Fogscreen while

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measuring the reflective canvas, the spectrophotometer is located underneath the projector.
The problem is that the ambient light conditions are different in those two rooms. In room 1,
the light condition is much brighter because of daylight coming in from the windows, whilst
are sheltered from daylight. This factor was taken into account during the experiment,
consequently the calibration for light conditions were adjusted to achieve approximately same
variables for the three ambient calibrations. The founders of the Fog Screen were intrigued
with the prospect of creating an image that could float in the air and that people could walk
through (that is the Princess Leia effect). They set out to make a projected image float in the
air by using different media such as dust, water, fog. And then a mist of tiny water droplets.
They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to ensure that people would not get wet and
that the Fog Screen could operate within a broad range of environmental conditions. The
ultrasonic transducer is used to divide the water into small and tiny water droplets as the fog
which we are using here is completely dry and it is light. If we will take lager water droplets
then it will create wet fog which can’t be used in the formation of screen. The fog we are
using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a
long time. With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen.

The most common form of fog, known as radiation fog, typically occurs on clear nights as the
earth's surface cools moist air immediately above it. If just enough light wind is present a
couple of mph, at most –this chilled air can be gently stirred through a deeper layer, forming a
deeper radiation fog.Often in the fall, you'll see morning fog hug lower valleys of the
Appalachians. This valley fog, really just a type of radiation fog, results from cold, dense air
draining down mountain slopes at night, collecting in the valley floors, then forming as any
other radiation fog described above. Incidentally, let's dispel a myth. Fog does not burn off,
per se.As solar energy heats the ground near the fog's edge, vertical mixing brings drier air
into the fog's edge, evaporating it. A typical ground fog will dissipate first at its edges, where
its depth is more shallow, working its way toward the thicker center of the fog .Sometimes
fog forms when warm air moves over a cold surface. Warm air moving over snow-covered
ground in winter and sea fog drawn inland over a cool land surface along the West Coast are
two prime examples of so-called advection fog. Unlike radiation fog, advection fog can
sometimes be seen as moving laterally along or near the ground. When surface temperatures
are below freezing, water droplets in a fog are supercooled, waiting to freeze on contact with
any subfreezing surface.

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CHAPTER 4

4.1 How does fog screen move things forward

It is important to recognize the uniqueness of Fog Screen technology. It is not the world’s first
immaterial screen, but the first immaterial walk-through screen. This simple fact is what
distinguishes Fog Screen from all other displays (Rakkolainen, 2007). Rakkolainen continues
to explain the uniqueness of the technology by mentioning how other displays can create the
floating imagery effect but none are penetrable. There are water screens creating huge
displays for large audiences but they provide poor image quality. Such large water based
displays are also wet and so impractical for indoors, and walk-through interaction. There have
also been earlier technologies closely similar to Fog Screen making use of forgather than
water. However, they are typically wet and turbulence affecting such screens seriously
reduces the fidelity of imagery. To reiterate what has been mentioned above, FogScreen
creates a non-turbulent airflow of dry fog, cool to the touch. Erdem (2006) mentions in an
article on performing arts how this quality means that performers or anyone interacting with
the screen for that matter will not be restricted by the fog layer. One can walk freely through
the layer and the imagery will not be dispersed or distorted. Fog Screen technology not only is
unique as a stand-alone display. Its qualities, mainly the immaterial nature and walk-through
capabilities, allow for very advanced interface design.Olwal and other researches (2006) have
written that Fog Screens“dual-sided nature allows for new possibilities in multi-user face-to-
face collaboration and pseudo-3D visualization.” Projecting onto fog has been a clever trick
for digital decorators who tend to go all-in with their Halloween displays.Assuming you have
a fog machine,the process is fairly simple. Crank it up and then project your digital decoration
onto the fog as it were AtmostFX projection materials

Images can be projected on both sides of the screen creating a 3D visual effect as shown in
figure 4.1.1 below. support for dual-sided projection allows two independent images to be
projected on each side, such that a 3D application can render two interactive views for a
pseudo-3D effect (Olwal et al, 2006)

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Fig 4.1.1:Pseudo-3D effect

Olwal has created several pseudo-3D interactive applications, an example being Elastic
Surface Denominator. This interactive application allows a user to stretch and sculpt, as well
as to move and rotate a 3D model of a head as shown in Figure4.1.1.Not only has Fog Screen
been used with such psuedo-3D displays, it is the centre part of many ongoing efforts towards
real volumetric 3D displays. Dr Benzie (2007) in a large survey of 3D displays writes how
volumetric displays are in a more advanced stage of development with many already having a
profitable market as with Fog Screen. It appears therefore, that Fog Screen is a vital display
for many researches in the world of 3DTV.

Projecting onto fog has been a clever trick for digital decorators who tend to go all-in with
their Halloween displays.Assuming you have a fog machine,the process is fairly simple.
Crank it up and then project your digital decoration onto the fog as it were AtmostFX
projection materials

4.2 Fog Walls

Sometimes when you have a great idea for a Halloween display, the only thing to do is to
make it yourself. That's what Jonathan Lenhardt of San Antonio, Texas, has been up to – for
more than a couple of years. But when you're looking to re-imagine the fog machine so that it
better displays digital decorations and other special effects, there's no stopping until you've
created something truly amazing.We first learned of Jonathan's efforts nearly a year ago,
when he sent us some videos of beta tests for his first fog screen prototype. He projected the

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AtmosFX Virtual Christmas Tree onto his fog wall, and we featured it here (along with two
other unusual displays).

Since then, Johnathan has been working on making it better. Below is another beta test using
the Demonic Poltergeist from the Phantasms Digital Decoration for Jonathan's 2.0 version of
his fog screen.

Projecting onto fog has been a clever trick for digital decorators who tend to go all-in with
their Halloween displays. Assuming you have a fog machine, the process is fairly simple:
Crank it up and then project your digital decoration onto the fog, as if it were AtmosFX
projection materials (or similar). The results can be striking – if fleeting. There are typically
two problems associated with projecting onto fog walls: First, it can often be difficult to keep
your digital decoration in focus, because fog is in constant motion. Secondly, fog is inherently
unpredictable – and any gust of wind, hallway draft, or so on can make a fog projection non-
existent in no time.

Jonathan's creation is trying to address these issues by creating a laminar flow system that
forces the fog through a series of vents that will create a thin curtain foggy goodness. It is six
feet long, and weighs only 40 pounds – significantly lighter than most commercial fog screens
on the market. "I pretty much spent most of this summer drilling 6,000 holes with a drill press
to make my new vent system," he tells us.

He's still in the process of testing different fans – how many and the proper speed to spin them
in the hopes of getting a consistent, and beautifully thin, fog curtain. From there, he'll be able
to project nearly anything onto the fog screen including, of course, AtmosFX Digital
Decorations. (You can see some of Jonathan’s other test projections at his own YouTube
Channel here, or on his Facebook page,here.) As you can see, Jonathan is on his way to
creating a captivating and mysterious way to truly projecting onto thin air. Or thin fog, at
least.

"My main goal is to have a fog screen that I can carry and place almost anywhere, plug it in,
pour in the water, hit the on switch, set up my projector and enjoy," Jonathan tells us. As he
continues to perfect his creation, he even has hopes of mass-producing his creation and
marketing it around the United States. He thinks it commercial Halloween haunts will be
interested, as well as DJs and other musical acts. The possibilities are endless.

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Great stuff, Jonathan! We love how you are taking your Halloween decorating to the next
level. And we can't wait to see how you to continue to improve it!

There's one month to go before Halloween! How are YOU preparing for the big day? We
want to see your creations, your displays, your imagination in its full glory! Others want to
see it too! Send your photos and videos using our AtmosFAN of the Week Submission Form
and you might be the next person featured right here!

4.3 Fog Screen Management System

Fogscreen Management System is designed for this thesis to provide guidelines for optimal
utilization of the product. The importance of managing both technical and application aspects
has been addressed earlier in the thesis. These guidelines present the requirements that is
needed to manage the following aspects:
• The technical perspective – limits and potentials.

• Content management – creating images, text, graphics, and videos that is customized

for such device under given environment.

• Application site (concept) – strategically placement of the screen to obtain desired

feedback from the audience/target group.

• Functionality – Creative and innovative approach to build an application concept that

increases the efficiency of information distribution (reach more people),

as well as optimizing the total viewing experience for the audience by adding special
features.

4.3.1 Improvement of Fog Screen Management System

A proposed system of Fogscreen management was constructed in this thesis for the purpose of
improving the viewing experience. The scheme consists of managing the following aspects of
a Fogscreen device; technical, content, application concept and the functionality/usability.
The system was constructed with the research question in mind, and therefore has the
potential of improvement by adding further elements.

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Fig 4.3.1:Managing the Fog Screen to Display Images

Fig 4.3.2: Displaying an Image on Screen

Pictures with high contrasted colors and motives are highly recommended. The image should
not have to many small details, and it should have one or two large objects in the center. The
colors should be high- saturated colors, as we discovered these colors are the most visible on a
Fogscreen. To demonstrate these statements, two images are chosen to represent a good and a
bad example.
A bad example is that a large scale of dark area dominates the image, and there are too many
and too small details, which prevents a good image projection. The dark area would appear as
transparent on the screen, so the dancer’s legs would blend in with the background.Good.

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CHAPTER 5

EXISTING SYSTEM
A Projection Screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used for
displaying a projected image for the view of an audience.

A projection screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used for
displaying a projected image for the view of an audience. Projection screens may be
permanently installed, as in a movie theater; painted on the wall; or portable with tripod or
floor rising models as in a conference room or other non-dedicated viewing space. Another
popular type of portable screens are inflatable screens for outdoor movie screening (open-air
cinema).

Uniformly white or grey screens are used almost exclusively as to avoid any discoloration to
the image, while the most desired brightness of the screen depends on a number of variables,
such as the ambient light level and the luminous power of the image source. Flat or curved
screens may be used depending on the optics used to project the image and the desired
geometrical accuracy of the image production, flat screens being the more common of the
two. Screens can be further designed for front or back projection, the more common being
front projection systems, which have the image source situated on the same side of the screen
as the audience. Different markets exist for screens targeted for use with digital projectors,
movie projectors, overhead projectors and slide projectors, although the basic idea for each of
them is very much the same front projection screens work on reflecting the light projected on
to them, whereas back-projection screens work by diffusely transmitting the light through
them.

Fig 5.1:Existing System

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5.2 Different types of projector screens by screen type

➢ Electric Projector Screens

➢ Fixed Frame Screens
➢ Portable Projector Screens
➢ Inflatable Projector Screens
➢ Wall Projector Screens
➢ Ceiling Projector Screens

5.2.1 Electric Projector Screens:

Essentially, this projector screen works by being a screen you can bring down or hide up at
the press of a button. It’s electronically and mechanically operated to present itself or hide
itself like an electric garage door. An electric projector screen provides a look of
professionalism for your presentations and movie-viewing experience in home cinema terms.
This is because it’s a screen you can operate by remote control. It showcases an elegant, sleek
design and works in a single location for storage convenience.

Fig 5.2.1:Electric Projector Screens

A projector screen installation consists of a support structure and a shiny surface where you’re
supposed to display your projection or projected image for the sake of a viewing audience. It
produces images much larger than even the biggest plasma or LCD HDTVs for sure.
Compared to the wall, the smooth screen affords a high reflectivity value. Therefore, the
image ends up brighter on the screen compared to the wall. The screen also enhances the
image by giving it a smoother surface to play with, resulting in a truer color rendition than

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even a white wall.As for what an electric or motorized screen brings to the table, it’s most
convenient. It’s more convenient to have a screen that stores itself away at the push of a
button rather than a screen you have to put away manually when not in use.

5.2.2 Fixed Frame Screens:

A fixed-frame screen can’t be rolled up and down manually or electronically. They’re fixed
on a frame, hence the term. They’re for conference rooms and home cinemas that have
enough space to accommodate a permanently fixed frame screen. This arguably makes this
screen type the most elite of all screen types available due to its commercial viability. After
all, a movie theater typically has a fixed screen setup. Home theaters look more “theatrical”
when it has enough space to accommodate this screen type along with your HDTV and media
player setups.
Fixed frame screens are also renowned for their durability. They last the longest because they
lack moving parts and aren’t constantly being rolled up and down in between usage. They just
sit there like a whiteboard or blackboard. You also won’t get the bends in these screens
because they aren’t bent. They’re just allowed to sit there in all their glory until they’re
allowed to be used. It’s also because they’re on constant display that they offer the best
picture quality that isn’t marred by the needs of storage, mobility, or being put away. You
have many more options for these screens to choose from exactly because of their easy
accessibility.

Fig 5.2.2:Fixed Frame Screens

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5.2.3 Portable Projector Screens

If you have a portable pico or pocket projector it makes sense that you have a portable
projection screen to go along with it so that you won’t be forced to look for white or plain
walls to project your pico pocket every time. A portable projector screen can be as big as 40
inches, especially when it comes to 4K HD projection that requires more pixels for your buck.
They come with a mobile projection screen stand that’s durable, lightweight, and collapsible
so that you can easily carry both screens and stand around.

Fig 5.2.3:Portable Projector Screen

They’re mostly for conference room use but some might also be used for both indoor and
outdoor applications as well. When shopping for a portable screen, look for one that’s
designed for quick setup so that it’s not a hassle to put the stand and screen together at every
conference, movie viewing, or gathering. Make sure you invest in a great portable projector
screen. You’ll also want to cancel out as much ambient light as possible. Unlike standard
projectors, these models will struggle with any amount of ambient light. Try to invest in a
model with multiple hours of battery life, as well it’s mainly used by those who wish to do
presentations on the go, particularly pitchmen and salesmen. An outdoorsy portable screen
should also be rugged and sturdy in order to withstand the harsh elements and multiple usages
when push comes to shove. Portable projectors are excellent for a variety of reasons. They run
on battery power, which is highly convenient. Some models boast an impressive three-hour
battery life. While their image quality may be lacking, they more than makeup for it with their
wireless connectivity. From a business projector to a pico projector, there are tons of projector
models out there. If you’re interested in learning more about the modern projector, check out
our article comparing a 3D ready vs a full 3D projector.

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5.2.4 Inflatable Projector Screens:

An inflatable projector screen is ostensibly one that you can inflate. They’re like screens
drive-in movie theaters, which allow you to enjoy an indoor-theater quality movie while
driving in with your car in an outdoor parking lot it’s the best of both worlds, isn’t it? At any
rate, you can make your own drive-in or outdoor theater in your own backyard without
attaching white sheets at the side of your house by investing in this type of projector screen.
What’s more, the picture quality of a screen is always superior to that of white bedsheets.
Inflatable projector screens allow you to watch something outdoors without worrying about
the mount sinking into your lawn or grass. Most mobile or wheeled mounts for projectors
work only on floors or concrete. For a reasonable price, you can get a self-inflating screen to
stand on its own in minutes. You can even adjust it to fit various viewing angles without
adjusting your own projector’s keystone correction or lens shift. These screens have great
picture quality and are made of a material that could withstand the outdoor elements as well
as temperature extremes of the hot and cold variety.

5.2.5 Wall Projector Screens:

A wall-mounted projector screen is typically something like putting up or mounting your
fixed frame screen on the wall so that you have a better surface to project your image or video
on that’s not just whitewall. The screen is typically rectangular nowadays but once upon a
time during the 4:3 aspect ratio era of television something squarer was common. Nowadays,
you can mount your projector screen like you’d mount your flatscreen TV—like an oversized
black canvas picture frame.

Fig 5.2.5:Wall Projector Screen

A wall mount makes the most sense because a projector is seemingly designed to project
images on a wall or a screen that’s directly in front of it. Your screen wall mount needs to be a

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bit longer and girthier to accommodate rear projection. Otherwise, you might have to resort to
putting your screen on an open window or hole in the wall where the projector can project
from behind it. A wall mount makes the most sense because a projector is seemingly designed
to project images on a wall or a screen that’s directly in front of it. Your screen wall mount
needs to be a bit longer and girthier to accommodate rear projection. Otherwise, you might
have to resort to putting your screen on an open window or hole in the wall where the
projector can project from behind it. Front-faced projections unto fixed-frame or pull-down
ceiling projector screens seem to be your best bet when it comes to wall mounting.Front-faced
projections unto fixed-frame or pull-down ceiling projector screens seem to be your best bet
when it comes to wall mounting.

5.2.6 Ceiling Projector Screens

This projector screen mount type is typically mounted on the ceiling. It could be a manual one
you can pull down like blinds or an electric one that you have to activate in order to pull
down. It can also be used in tandem with the wall but that’s a different type of projector
screen that you can read about more below. This screen is permanently installed unto your
ceiling through a mount. If it stops working, you have to remove the whole mount and replace
it with a new one. You can use your ceiling and wall mount in tandem in order to create a
more steady and balanced mount for your screen. The idea here is to reduce potential jiggle or
accidental bumps that will make the screen angle go askew and ruin your viewing experience.
A wall mount alone is enough to simplify your viewing issues since projectors project their
images in a straightforward, spotlight-like manner by default. These screens can either be
manually or electronically set up.

However, they more than makeup for this future hassle with its daily convenience. At the
push of a button or the pull of a cord, you can get a screen ready for your projector to project
upon, whether it’s from the rear or upfront. Most ceiling-based mounts are of the ceiling
recessed variety so that when the screen isn’t in use, you can easily hide it from view and get
back all that space for other equipment or appliances. Most ceiling mounts are for electric
projector screens, such that the casing is mounted within the ceiling structure itself and
whatnot for ultimate convenience. We are continuing the development of Fog Screen. The
next generation of Fog Screen will be interactive and will behave like touch screens.

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Fig 5.2.6:Ceiling Projector Screen

Most ceiling-based mounts are of the ceiling recessed variety so that when the screen isn’t in
use, you can easily hide it from view and get back all that space for other equipment or
appliances. Most ceiling mounts are for electric projector screens, such that the casing is
mounted within the ceiling structure itself and whatnot for ultimate convenience.

5.3 Our Technology

All the important principles of Fog Screen technology have patent pending. The basic
components of the screen are a laminar, non-turbulent airflow, and a thin fog screen (or any
particles) injected into and inside a laminar flow. Created this way, the fog screen is an
internal part of the laminar airflow, and remains thin, crisp, and protected from turbulence.
When the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be translucent or
fully opaque. The quality, size, and other features of the screen have been thoroughly
improved in our latest prototype which was shown at Sig graph 2003. The fog is made within
the device using water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold your hands in the fog flow, the fog
feels dry and cool, and your hands do not get wet. When the device is in operation, it
generates a mild downward air and fog flow.

The Fog Screen works very much like an ordinary screen in terms of projection properties. It
can be used for both back- and front-projection. Normal stray light is not a problem, as long
as it is weaker than the projector. A projector with at least 3000 ANSI Lumen is
recommended. Distance between projector and screen should be a minimum of 2 meters. The
image is spectacular in normal daylight, but the darker the room, the better the result. For the

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best result, a dark background is highly recommended. The world premiere demonstration
was at the Science Fair in Turku, Finland in October 2002. This exciting new product was
reported by all the main news media outlets in Finland (TV news broadcasts, newspapers, and
cable).The fog screen has later been presented in Herald Tribune, CNN, Reuters, Wired etc.
(USA), Spiegel and numerous other international magazines.

The first permanent prototype installation has been running reliably in Vapriikki Museum
Center in Tampere, Finland since January 2003.We are continuing the development of Fog
Screen. The next generation of Fog Screen will be interactive and will behave like touch
screens.This property will be utilized especially in advertising, in malls for presenting shops
and products, in art productions and as interactive exhibits in science and other museums.

5.4 Optimal Image

Based on the guidelines from the manufacturer about optimal content creation, this image was
chosen to prove how easy optimal image projection could be created by using an appropriate
image composition. In this picture one large object is centred on high-contrasted background.
The color contrasts highlight the important areas of the image, and for that reason the viewing
experience is much better. Under normal-light condition, the small details still appears
because of the strong color contrasts, but the transparency becomes an issue as the objects
behind the screen blend visually with the image projection.

Under no light condition, the projection is immediately improved as colors and structure
appears clearly. Compared to the reference, the image projected under dark surroundings is a
very close match, and pleasing for the eye. It is impressive to see the dark spots on the
butterfly wings appear with such visibilityOne of the crucial factors when projecting images
of people is to have an accurate view of the facial area. Usually this is not a problem when
projecting images on fixed screens. The Fogscreen on the other hand operates with another
projection technology, which makes the surface turbulent because of the flutter-effect. The
face is a sensitive area of the human body. With the flutter-effect on the Fogscreen,
unfortunate facial expression might appear. For that reason, this image was tested to see how
the facial area appears on such device, whether if the result is acceptable or unfor-tunate.

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Normal light
During normal-light condition, this image appears transparent, as certain areas of the image
fades. The arms are almost invisible for the viewer. Under bright surrounding, the black dress
appears transparent and exposes the objects behind the screen to the viewer. The image
composition in this case is unfortunate, thus not recommended under bright ambient light.
No light
The same image viewed in darker surroundings provides a better result in terms of stronger
visibility, since trans-parency is not an issue. However, the grainy surface is at some dregree
disturbing in the facial area. Nonetheless, considering the total viewing experience from a
subjective point of view, the appearance of the facial is at an acceptable level. In live
projection, the viewers will adapt their perception of the screen, and the brain will compensate
for the lack of accuracy (as long a reference images is not put next to the screen).
Comparing the two images displayed on the Fogscreen during normal-light condition shows
that colored images withhold the details in much better sense than the black/white image does.
The reason for that is simple; during normal-light condition, the Fogscreen is much more
translucent than darker surroundings. Furthermore, black and other dark colors have a
tendency to appear transparent on a Fogscreen. By displaying black and white images, the
dark area becomes transparent, which means objects behind the screen are exposed to the
viewer. This results in an image projection with fewer details than a colored image would do
under same light condition.
However, during darker surroundings the appearance of the black/white image is pretty
adequate, as transparency is no longer an issue. Though the black/white image appears just
fine, the colored image is a much better fit for a Fogscreen. Then again, it all depends on the
context the images are displayed. For some application settings, black/white image is better
suited than colored image. The conclusion that can be drawn from this example is that
black/white images are best viewed in dark ambient light.Text is one of the main types of
content that is displayed on a Fogscreen. In the pursuit of finding the best possible calibration
for text projection, positive and negative appearance of text is displayed on the Fogscreen.
From earlier we know that the Fogscreen is not uniform. The upper area of the screen has the
best resolution, and it degrades as the screen falls. Hence the smaller text size is placed in the
upper part as the size increases the lower it is placed. By doing so, every text line are assured
visibility and is readable for the observer.

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CHAPTER 6
APPLICATIONS
Attract Fog Screen has been used in live malls, product launches, museums, to more and more
peoples. It is used in case of projection a 3D image esp. in studies. It can be used in seminars
to make it more interactive (we can walk through the screen).
It can be used in place of air curtain in clubs to make itattractive. Museums, events, trade
shows, night clubs, casinos, TV shows, and amusement parks are a number of areas where
Fog Screen has been put into effective use. One industry where it excels is in advertising.
Lugmayr (2007) describes how Fog Screen can be used in conjunction with laser scanner
drivers, interactivity and rendering modules, and a flash application.

This creates an effective advertisement that entices a user to walkthrough. A user could for
example, select a brick wall, or a waterfall via touch, walk through and by doing so see screen
afterwards. Viewers tend to remain captivated by such an interactive display as opposed to
others. Fog Screens use in trade shows has been well received. Nokia, one of many using the
Fog Screen products, installed a number of screens to trade show entrances that showed an
animation of a character walking and using the Nokia products.

Nightclubs are another area, where the screen literally becomes the entrance into the club
provoking the public to walkthrough. The Box nightclub in Belfast has installed a number of
them, providing amazing visuals inside.FogScreen can almost be used in any situation. The
Fog Screen team also set up each screen to the requirements in order that the effect is as
expected wherever it may be used. Its ability to be used throughout so many industries is
evidence of Fog Screens significance to

Multimedia and one that looks like it shall continue (Rakkolainen, 2007). Entertain your
guests with Fog Screen Whether you are planning a rock concert, a prize ceremony, an
anniversary, any commercial or private event, we use the magical Fog Screen. Guests can
enter through the screen to an event!

Typical application sites were presented for both permanent and temporary installation set-
ups. As already mentioned, the application possibilities are endless with the Fogscreen.
However, it is important to be aware of the risk if the only purpose of the device is to attract

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an audience. Though the device will demand immediate attention, the wow-factor will
eventually pass, especially with permanent installations. Because of that, it is significantly
important to assign a practical function to the screen, besides being an attraction and a visual
effect. By assigning a practical function, the risk of losing the wow-factor will not affect the
value of the product, as it will always serve its practical purpose.

6.1 Typical Application Sites

This kind of display gives endless application possibilities as it can be used for
commercialized approaches to an audience, as an information board or for entertainment
purposes. The typical application sites for a permanent installation would be:
• Amusement parks
• Nightclubs
• Museums
• Science Centres
• Hotels and casinos
• Scenographical effect on stage
Permanent installation is not always suitable, in which case temporary rental set-up is a good
alternative. These temporary installations are typically event-based set-ups as:
• Product launch
• Fashion shows
• Concerts
• Exhibitions
• Other types of events
Fogscreen is an exclusive product and has been used by some of the world’s most well-known
brands such as:
Mercedes, Coca Cola, Absolut, Adidas, Cirque de Soleil, Nokia, and Pepsi just to name a few.

6.2 Create a luxurious interior with Fog Screen

Immersive projection technology could use CAVE-like virtual rooms with fog walls, making
them effectively “virtual virtual rooms”.Fog Screen relevant to multimedia? Displays are
hugely important to multimedia. All imagery needs some way to be displayed, even in its
creation. For this reason, there are many technologies out there and as a result many products,

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with a recent one being the plasma screen. Most however, are purely for display, allowing
little interaction. Fog Screen breaks this mould being the first immaterial walk-through screen
(Rakkolainen, 2007). The interactive capabilities of Fog Screen products have enabled its
success in the world of multimedia and its application can be seen all over the world and in
many different industries.Besides the Fogscreen-device installed at the Science Centre in
Gjøvik, there is only one other permanent installation in Norway. The Norwegian Cruise
Line, Epic Vessel has a Fogscreen installed at Bliss nightclub. Other than permanent
installation, Fogscreen can be temporary installed for events. Conventor AS, based in
Stavanger and Oslo, is the official Norwegian rental company for such device.

6.3 Some special applications

The FogScreen is silent and non-breakable, which enables safe gaming, exercise or training,
and allows non-supervised public presentations. It also enables the audience to enter and exit
rapidly through the walls into virtual environments, which can even be sequential. Mixed
reality and immersive projection technology could use CAVE-like virtual rooms with fog
walls, making them effectively “virtual virtual rooms”. This part of the thesis approaches the
management aspect of the research area. Having the technical aspect deliberated in the
previous chapter, the focus here lies within potential application possibilities.
Common key words to describe are business innovation, media management, concept design,
marketing and creativity. The sole purpose of this chapter is to bring the results into a
practical understanding by designing realistic application concepts for selected companies in
the Norwegian market. Designing these concepts provides a realistic overview of what kind of
media content that is best suited in that particular setting and environment. The Fogscreen can
be utilized to its full potential only if both technical and application are considered equally.
Consequently, elements such as media management, marketing and business innovation are
involved in addition to the results.This is where the Fogscreen has its greatest advantage.
Because of the screen’s exclusivity, the product is new to the people. Fogscreen is not only a
digital display, but alsoa strong visual effect that attract the audience’s immediate attention.
Thus the content that is displayed reaches out to the people since they cannot ignore this type
of extraordinary device. The unusual characteristics of the device make the Fogscreen an
effective communication channel.

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CHAPTER 7

Characteristics of fog screen projection products

1. The inner part of the product adopts integrated ultrasonic core, which is no mechanical
drive, quiet, no noise, high atomization efficiency, producing a certain concentration
of negative ions, with low failure rate and simple maintenance.
2. The box body is made of all stainless steel and sprayed with plastic. It is practical and
beautiful in appearance. It is equipped with standard water supply nozzle, water
discharge switch and overflow nozzle, and automatic water level control.

Fig 7.1:Fog screen generator

3. Raw materials of fog: Ordinary tap water, environmental protection and energy saving.

4. Every fog screen unit can be used independently or in combination to form various shapes,
such as planes, arcs, etc.

5. The fog screen generator can project the calculator, program, infrared ray, laser and radar
through the projector to the fog screen through the wind field in light speed, forming a variety
of dynamic and virtual images.

6. The fog screen is non-toxic, odorless, environmental protection, and it can produce
negative ions. It can also purify the air, and tourists can interact with the fog screen heartily.

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7. The Fog Exhibit must be simple and as intuitive as possible. The Fog Exhibit would be
habituated to merge technology and the desideratum for information into anyone’s daily
schedule. With the Fog Exhibit in place, the utilizer could interact and obtain the information
they optate during their mundane morning and night routines.

8. The gestures will additionally sanction the utilizer to still utilize the Fog Exhibit despite
whether their hands are wet or dirty. The Fog Exhibit provides prevalent information most
people check their smartphones or tablets for, such as weather, news, Twitter and schedules.
This sanctions the users to read, cerebrate, and plan their day while getting yare in the
morning or night. The Fog Exhibit has to be frolicsome as well. It will provide music
playback that can be controlled by the utilizer.

7.2 Advantages:
▪ The Fog Screen developers say the unique nature of Fog Screen will make it a memorable
experience for customers.
▪ Screen will make it a memorable experience for customers.
▪ There are additionally paramount enhancements being made to the interactivity and 3-
dimensional imaging capabilities of the screen which will be implemented.
▪ No desideratum of Workers in the mall to tell the designations of the thing which is
customer is going to purchase.
▪ Increase product adeptness and quality of products Safety for kids, fun and play time for
the kids. It is Immaterial- you could ambulate through it.
▪ Increment engenderment skills technology transfer. - Truncate competition -increase
quality of product - Enter to incipient market. (In differentmarket.).
▪ Screen is working on incipient hardware products - Fog Screen with specialized
capabilities (that is live performance retail environments, etc.).
▪ Fog Screen is environmentally friendly, as it uses only water as requirement and produces
chemical free fog.
▪ Increase product skill and quality of products.Safety for kids, fun and play time for the
kids. It is Immaterial you could walk through it.
▪ Increase production skills-technology transfer. -Reduce competition -increase quality of
product -Enter to new market. (in different market.)

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▪ Increase for workers with an increase in marginal cost Fog Screen is working on new
hardware products - Fog Screen with specialized capabilities (that is live performances,
retail environments, etc.). There are also significant enhancements being made to the
interactivity and 3-dimensional imaging capabilities of the screen.

7.3 Disadvantages:
➢ Projections can be obscured: Projections can be obscured by people sitting in

front of the projection source. Projection can be perturbed many times and perturbance
in interaction can be occurred. Color, brightness and saturation, contrast and shading,
composition and framing, focus, and size make up some of the most important factors
in the way pictures communicate visually. In art galleries and museums, creators place
wall labels next to art work. If there is any error or any changes in the thickness of fog
layers occurs, then the images will not be viewed clearly and even the information
displayed is not understandable to the audience.

➢ Storage space: Since the fog generating device requires a lot of space and also the
enough surface is required to display the images or vedios on the screen also acquires
a lot of space which is not always possible to get the space and thus storage space is
difficult.
➢ Sizing issues and setup:Sizing and setup is one of the drawback of fog screen.
➢ Damage the screen: If a whiteboard projection screen is set up sempiternally,
people can be tempted to draw on it, categorically in a school setting with adolescent
children. Color, brightness and saturation, contrast and shading, composition and
framing, focus, and size make up some of the most important factors in the way
pictures communicate visually. In art galleries and museums, creators place wall labels
next to art work.
➢ Health Dangers: Many health officials have protested the utilization of whiteboard
projection screens in schools, claiming that the projection beam can damage students'
retinas. Some students and edifiers have reported feeling dizzy or dazed after visually
examining the projection beam or board. Direct presentation screens, which don't
require a projector, minimize the potential hazard.

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7.4 Limitations:
▪ Fog Screen works best indoors with a dark background that enhances the brightness of
the image on the Fog Screen behind the projector. So, it can’t be used in day light.

▪ It is presently very much expensive, but the FogScreen.inc is working on providing it in a

reasonable price.
▪ Price is one weakness, with the cost Fog Screen will have to cater for a specialized
market, unlikely ever to be used in the normal household or to replace plasma/LCD
displays (Watson, 2007).
▪ Need 1kW of energy to produce 1m long fog screen. And it is produce 3-5 litres of water
in one hour which should be vent. And you can't make a high fog screen, because fog
would diffuse with distance. Fog Screen exhibit works best indoors with a dark
background that enhances the effulgence of the image on the Fog Screen abaft the
projector. So, it can’t be utilized in daylight.
▪ Price is one impotency, with the cost Fog Screen with Hand Gesture will have to cater for
a specialized market, unlikely ever to be utilized in the mundane household or to
supersede plasma/LCD exhibits. Fog Screen has been used in live malls, product aunches,
museums, to attract more and more peoples.
▪ The gestures will additionally sanction the utilizer to still utilize the Fog Exhibit despite
whether their hands are wet or dirty. The Fog Exhibit provides mundane information
most people check their smartphones or tablets for, such as weather, news, Twitter and
schedules. This sanctions the users to read, cerebrate, and plan their day while getting
yare in the morning or night.
▪ The Fog Exhibit must be simple and as intuitive as possible. The Fog Exhibit would be
acclimated to merge technology and the desideratum for information into anyone’s daily
schedule. With the Fog Exhibit in place, the utilizer could interact and obtain the
information they optate during their mundane morning and night routines.
▪ It is used in case of projection of a 3D image esp. in studies
▪ It can be utilized in seminars to make it more interactive. • It can be utilized in lieu of air
curtain in clubs to make it alluring. Museums, events, trade shows, night clubs, casinos,
TV shows, and regalement parks are a number of areas where Fog Screen has been put
into efficacious use.

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7.5 OPPORTUNITIES
➢ There are endless opportunities to use the products, but for now these have been mostly
innovative marketing solutions and different exhibitions.
➢ Stream of fog can appear and disappear within a fraction of a second, making it a
possibility for use in a live theatre setting to aid with special effects
➢ Presently it is in demands in countries like Japan, Malaysia, Germany, France, Greece,
Russia, the UK and the USA; in recent future it will replace the existing method of
projection.
➢ Developments are being carried out in making FogScreen a Touch-FogScreen to make it
more interactive for the viewer.

7.5.1 Success of Fog Screen

Fog Screen has been successfully used in this international events:

1.Entertainment (live shows, live concerts, night clubs, stage productions, private parties ie.
Disney Enchanted Tour, Eurovision, Harrah’s, Cirque de Soleil, MGM Grand, 20th Century
Fox)

2. Brand promotions (P&G, Diesel, Victoria’s Secret. Bud light/Maxim Tour, Xbox)

3. Trade shows and exhibition events (Nokia, Motorola, Sony, Siemens)

4. Theme parks (Key US theme parks)

5. Museums and Science Centres (Palais de la Découverte, Taiwan National Museum)

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