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    Chemical Energetics - Bond Enthalpy

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    Munashe Nyagono
    This document discusses bond enthalpy and related concepts: - Bond enthalpy refers to the energy required to break bonds when elements separate from compounds into individual gas atoms. - Standard enthalpy changes of formation, atomization, and vaporization are also discussed. Mean bond enthalpies are typically used in calculations rather than exact values. - Examples are provided on calculating bond enthalpies and enthalpy changes from relevant thermodynamic data like bond energies, formation energies, and phase change energies. Practice problems are given at the end to work through.

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    Chemical Energetics - Bond Enthalpy

    Uploaded by

    Munashe Nyagono
    25 views17 pages
    This document discusses bond enthalpy and related concepts: - Bond enthalpy refers to the energy required to break bonds when elements separate from compounds into individual gas atoms. - Standard enthalpy changes of formation, atomization, and vaporization are also discussed. Mean bond enthalpies are typically used in calculations rather than exact values. - Examples are provided on calculating bond enthalpies and enthalpy changes from relevant thermodynamic data like bond energies, formation energies, and phase change energies. Practice problems are given at the end to work through.

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    This document discusses bond enthalpy and related concepts: - Bond enthalpy refers to the energy required to break bonds when elements separate from compounds into individual gas atoms. - Standard enthalpy changes of formation, atomization, and vaporization are also discussed. Mean bond enthalpies are typically used in calculations rather than exact values. - Examples are provided on calculating bond enthalpies and enthalpy changes from relevant thermodynamic data like bond energies, formation energies, and phase change energies. Practice problems are given at the end to work through.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views17 pages

    Chemical Energetics - Bond Enthalpy

    Uploaded by

    Munashe Nyagono
    This document discusses bond enthalpy and related concepts: - Bond enthalpy refers to the energy required to break bonds when elements separate from compounds into individual gas atoms. - Standard enthalpy changes of formation, atomization, and vaporization are also discussed. Mean bond enthalpies are typically used in calculations rather than exact values. - Examples are provided on calculating bond enthalpies and enthalpy changes from relevant thermodynamic data like bond energies, formation energies, and phase change energies. Practice problems are given at the end to work through.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 17

    Chemical Energetics

    Bond Enthalpy
    Review of last lesson
    1. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of sucrose, C12H22O11,
    given the following standard enthalpy changes of combustion:
    carbon -394 kJ mol-1; hydrogen -286 kJ mol-1; sucrose -5640 kJ mol-
    1.

    2. Calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of liquid


    hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, from the following information:
    2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ΔH = -572 kJ mol-1
    2H2O2(l) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g) ΔH = -196 kJ mol-1
    Review of last lesson
    3. Calculate the standard enthalpy change of the reaction:

    4FeS2(s) + 11O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) + 8SO2(g)

    Standard enthalpy changes of formation in kJmol-1:


    FeS2(s) = -178; Fe2O3(s)= -824 ; SO2(g) = -297
    Bond enthalpy or bond energy
    • You must always start from original compound in the gas state and
    what you end up with (the individual atoms of the elements) must
    also be in the gas state.
    • If you are given a problem which involves a liquid, you first have to
    convert it into a gas before you can do any bond enthalpy sums. If you
    need to do this, the examiners will give you the necessary enthalpy
    change information.
    Bond enthalpy or bond energy
    • When you are doing problems involving bond enthalpies, it is usually
    a good idea to draw the full structural formula of the compounds
    involved. By doing this, it is easy to count the numbers of bonds being
    broken. It is surprisingly easy to get the number of bonds wrong if you
    work from a formula like C2H5OH, for example.
    • In calculations, you almost always use mean bond enthalpies/bond
    energy terms
    • In bond enthalpy calculations, the word “estimate” is often used
    rather than “calculate” to reflect the inaccuracies involved when you
    use mean bond enthalpies. The answer will only be an approximation
    to the correct value.
    Standard enthalpy change of atomisation
    • It is essential to remember that the “per mole” in this case refers to a
    mole of gaseous atoms and not a mole of the original element
    Standard enthalpy change of vaporisation
    • This is the heat needed to convert one mole of substance from liquid
    to gas. The substance should be at its boiling point and a pressure of
    1 atm.
    • For example, ΔHv for water is +41 kJ mol-1. This means that if you have
    1 mole of water at 100°C, it will take 41 kJ to convert it entirely to
    steam.
    Do Now 1
    Do Now 2
    Estimate the enthalpy change when hydrogen peroxide decompose to
    water and oxygen according to the equation:

    2H2O2(l) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

    Bond enthalpies: H-O (+464 kJ mol-1); O-O (+144 kJ mol-1); O=O (+498 kJ
    mol-1)
    Enthalpy changes of vaporisation: H2O2(l) (+43 kJ mol-1)
    H2O(l) (+41 kJ mol-1)
    Do Now 3
    • Calculate the mean bond enthalpy of the H-S bond in hydrogen
    sulphide, H2S (g)
    Standard enthalpy change of formation of H2S(g): -21 kJ mol-1

    Enthalpy changes of atomisation: sulphur: +279 kJ mol-1


    hydrogen: +218 kJ mol-1
    Do Now 4
    • Estimate the enthalpy change of formation of tetrachloromethane,
    CCl4(l).
    Mean bond enthalpies: C-Cl (+346 kJ mol-1)
    Cl-Cl (+243 kJ mol-1)
    Enthalpy change of vaporisation of CCl4(l) (+30 kJ mol-1)
    Enthalpy change of atomisation of carbon: (+717 kJ mol-1)

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