AMAZING ANIMALS 1

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. I really love goats because they are playful and
intelligent.
2. There are many animals with special abilities.
Some examples: Bats navigate using sonar,
owls can turn their heads all the way around,
and dogs can sense when people need help.

1A THE INCREDIBLE DOLPHIN

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. (clockwise from top) 1. brain; 3. jaw;
4. flippers; 2. tail
B. b
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. b; 3. c (Para B); 4. a (Para B);
5. b (Para D)
B. Communication: a, c (Para B); Play: b, d, f
(Para C); Teamwork: e (Para D)
Reading Skill
A. c
B. 1. b; 2. a
Critical Thinking
communication, play, and teamwork/planning
Possible answer(s): Evidence of intelligence
in other animals includes tool use, the ability
to pay selective attention, and recognition of
patterns.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. method; 2. assist; 3. smart; 4. special;
5. advantage
B. 1. alike; 2. intelligent; 3. system; 4. feelings;
5. communicate
C. 1. difference; 2. intelligence; 3. assistance
1B MASTER OF DISGUISE

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. don’t know; 2. other animals; 3. the same
B. how
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. c (Para B); 3. a (Para B); 4. c; 5. c
B. 1. a; 2. c; 3. c; 4. a; 5. b
Reading Skill
A. a
B. 1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. d
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think they are both smart
in different ways. The dolphin is smart because
it’s similar to humans—it can play and plan and
communicate. The octopus is smart because it
is so good at camouflage. I don’t know which is
smarter, but I’d rather hang out with a dolphin!
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. ability; 2. appearance; 3. hide; 4. produce;
5. patterns
B. 1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b; 5. a
C. 1. survival; 2. survive; 3. survivor

VIDEO A CHAMELEON’S COLORS

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. come to you; 2. bad; 3. quickly
B. 1. F (to communicate with each other);
2. T; 3. F (The forests and other areas where
they live are disappearing or are being
changed by people.)
While You Watch
A. See Before You Watch B.
B. 1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I would like to find out more
about the aardvark. It’s such a strange-looking
animal. How does it use its large snout, long
ears, and tail?
TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE 2

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. I would like to visit China because I have
always wanted to see the Terracotta Warriors
and to stand on the Great Wall.
2. I went to New Zealand and hiked on glaciers
and swam with dolphins. It was amazing!

2A THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. They started at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, United
States, and finished at Ushuaia, Argentina.
They traveled by bicycle. 2. They traveled
30,500 km. The trip took two years.
B. Possible answer(s): The two friends love
bicycling; they wanted to travel in a way where
they could see more of the world around them.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. c; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c
B. 1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. e; 5. b
Reading Skill
A. (boxes from top left in clockwise direction)
4. title; 5. compass; 3. scale; 2. source; 1. key
B. 1. was not; 2. greater; 3. northern; Belize
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think cycling through
mountainous areas would be the most
challenging because that would test their
abilities physically. It might also be difficult if
there were areas that had a lot of crime or
traffic/pollution.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a
B. 1. advice; 2. journey; 3. route; 4. relax;
5. goals; 6. worry
C. 1. object (noun); 2. address (noun); 3. record
(verb)
2B ADVENTURE ISLANDS

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. The person is jumping
off a tower, but he is attached to a cord or a
vine so he won’t hit the ground. 2. skydiving
B. Possible answer(s): These are unusual sports
that you can do on the islands of Vanuatu.
Both activities are very dangerous!
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c
B. 1. T (Para B); 2. NG; 3. NG; 4. F (Para C);
5. T (Para C)
Reading Skill
A. 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c
B. 1. Antarctica; 2. 10 meters; 3. because
surfers just need a wave and a board;
4. skateboarding
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I would suggest that they go
whitewater rafting in the national park because
it’s beautiful and exhilarating.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. active; 2. nation; 3. almost; 4. bravery
B. 1. hit; 2. original; 3. century; 4. familiar;
5. tie; 6. escape
C. 1. owner; 2. idea; 3. song

VIDEO EXPLORING LAPONIA

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. is not; 2. in its original state; 3. set of things
they take with them
B. Possible answer(s): The weather could be
a challenge—it will be very cold and if
there are storms, they might have to stay
there for longer than they planned. It’s
in the wilderness, so there’s probably no
communication with the outside world. If they
get hurt, it could be dangerous.
While You Watch
A. Possible answer(s): In summer, the sleds don’t
work, so the Haarbergs have to carry all their
gear on their backs.
B. Possible answer(s): 1. It’s easier in the winter
because they can transport everything on
sleds. 2. oatmeal, crackers, cheese, chocolate,
and nuts; 3. She slipped on a rock and fell
into a river, but she was not seriously hurt.
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I would want to go on the
bike trek because I could see different places
and meet a lot of people. I would not try land
diving—it sounds scary!

THE POWER OF MUSIC 3

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. I like different kinds of music. I really like pop
music from the 1980s. David Bowie is one of
my favorite singers. I also like Lady Gaga.
2. Music is very important in my life. I almost
always have music on when I’m at home or
when I’m driving in the car. If I’m feeling sad
or grumpy, music often cheers me up.

3A MOVE TO THE MUSIC

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. three times a week; I go
for a run and I do yoga. 2. I always listen to
music when I exercise. I listen to classic rock
when I run. During yoga classes, the instructor
usually plays peaceful music.
B. Possible answer(s): I think music helps because
it can distract us while we’re exercising. It can
also make us feel motivated to do our best.
When the songs are upbeat, the music can
put us in a good mood.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. c; 3. b (Para B and sidebar); 4. c;
5. b (Para D)
B. 1. distracts; 2. tired; 3. motivate; 4. make;
5. control; 6. depression
Reading Skill
A. 1. b; 2. a; 3. c
B. Main idea: Generally, songs with 120–140
beats per minute (BPM) are the best for
exercising. 1. because most people want to
get their heart rate up to this level during a
workout; 2. Lady Gaga; 3. “Make You Feel
My Love” by Adele
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I prefer listening to songs in
English when I exercise, because a lot of songs
that I like in my own language are slower than
120 beats per minute. I like the song “Viva La
Vida” by Coldplay.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. range; 2. seems; 3. steady; 4. beat; 5. beat;
6. energy
B. 1. distract; 2. mood; 3. control; 4. social;
5. pay attention
C. 1. in; 2. under; 3. out of

3B A MUSICAL BOOST

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. Singing: emotion,
hearing, memory, speech; Playing an
instrument: emotion, movement, touch,
sight, balance, hearing, memory; Listening to
music: emotion, hearing. 2. I think music and
language are similar in that they both involve
hearing, emotion, and communicating with
other people.
B. a
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. b (Para B); 3. c; 4. c; 5. b
B. 1. F (Para B and C); 2. NG; 3. NG; 4. T (Para D);
5. NG; 6. T (Para E)
Reading Skill
A. Line 2: because of; Line 4: Since;
Line 7: due to
B. 1. because of its ability to express emotions
across cultures; 2. Since he wanted to
include a variety of Western music types;
3. probably due to the fact that the rhythms
and melodies of Western music are similar to
those of basic human speech
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Listening to music helps
me study some subjects such as science.
Classical music helps me because it doesn’t have
any words. If I am reading something difficult, I
find music with lyrics too distracting.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. a; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b
B. 1. connection; 2. improved; 3. damaged;
4. normally; 5. sharp
C. 1. connect; 2. react; 3. discuss

VIDEO THE MOZART EFFECT

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. figure out; 2. IQ; 3. experiment
B. 12 months of the year; 7 wonders of the
world; 24 hours in a day; 18 holes on a golf
course
While You Watch
A. See Before You Watch B.
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. b
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): It was good that Dr. Coan
tried a different kind of music. But I think that
once participants knew the general format of
the word puzzles, it was easier for them to
figure out the answers for the other puzzles
later on.
Answers will vary.

INTO SPACE 4

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. There are a lot of good movies and TV shows
about space! I liked the movie The Martian,
where the main character is left alone on Mars
and he has to figure out how to survive.
2. I think there might be life in outer space,
because the universe is so big!

4A LIFE BEYOND EARTH?

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. planets; 2. galaxy; 3. telescope;
4. astronomer
B. a
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. c; 3. a (Para C); 4. b; 5. a (Para D)
B. 1. the Hubble Telescope (Para B); 2. no,
because the distance between planets is too
great (Para D); 3. flashes of light (Para D)
Reading Skill
A. Possible answer(s):
– intelligent life exists elsewhere—first reason
is time. The second reason is size.
– powerful telescopes
– intelligent beings might eventually contact
us; they could be trying to communicate
with us now
B. 1. 12 billion; 2. huge; 3. galaxies; 4. telescopes;
5. radio signals; 6. flashes of light
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think people would be very
excited. I think governments around the world
would need to work together. Some people
would want to make contact immediately, but
others would be scared that we could be invaded.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. powerful; 2. search; 3. identify; 4. allow;
5. exist
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. a
C. 1. harm; 2. care; 3. power
4B LIVING IN SPACE

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. rocket; 2. astronauts; 3. establish; 4. colony
B. Possible answer(s): (Students should support
their opinions with reasons.) Sending humans
into space to live is a good idea because we
might need to find new places to live, if
climate change continues to impact Earth.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. b; 3. c (Para B); 4. c; 5. c
B. 1. c; 2. d; 3. b; 4. a
Reading Skill
A. Main idea: Humans should colonize space.
Supporting reasons: we can learn a lot;
we can create new human societies on other
planets; any advances made in space will
benefit people on Earth.
B. 1. too expensive; 2. the journey is not short;
3. health problems; 4. life would be extremely
difficult
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): It depends. I’d only want
to move to Mars if everyone in my family
moved, too. Otherwise I’d be too lonely.
Possible answer(s): The reading has given
me more to think about. Stephen Hawking
said that “our future should be safe” once
we colonize space, which I agree with. But I
would hate having to stay indoors most of the
time (Para E)!
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. independent; 2. surface; 3. mission;
4. neighbor; 5. environment
B. 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a; 5. b
C. 1. unfamiliar; 2. work; 3. safe

VIDEO THE RED PLANET

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. humanity; 2. barren; 3. launch
B. 1. F (4.5 billion); 2. F (the Roman god of war);
3. T (Olympus Mons); 4. F (50 million years
ago, all volcanic activity stopped)
While You Watch
A. See Before You Watch B.
B. 1. 4.5; 2. smallest; 3. Africa; 4. Earth’s;
5. minus 142 / −142; 6. ice
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary.

CITY LIFE 5

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. I think many people choose to live in cities
because there are more job opportunities
there. Also, big cities are usually more exciting
because there is a lot to do and see (compared
to small towns).
2. New York City, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Shanghai,
London, Paris, Dubai, Nairobi, Rio de Janeiro;
these cities are important because they are
rich in history and have large populations.
Some are capital cities, so they are political
and/or business centers.

5A GLOBAL CITIES

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. I’ve been to New York,
London, and Paris. All are exciting places,
with a lot of people and a fast-paced way
of life. 2. All four cities are similar in terms of
business. New York and London are similar
in terms of people, too. Tokyo does not
score as well in terms of entertainment and
politics. Paris doesn’t score as well in terms
of people.
B. Possible answer(s): Nairobi, in Kenya, might
become more powerful because it is a
rising technology hub and could attract
international businesses and talented people.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. b; 3. c (Para C); 4. a; 5. a
B. 1. Shanghai; 2. Indian; 3. middle class;
4. Egypt; 5. politics
Reading Skill
A. 1. powerful; 2. red; 3. media; 4. yellow;
5. politics
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. c
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. options; 2. especially; 3. attracts;
4. international; 5. predict
B. 1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a; 5. b
C. 1. net; 2. national; 3. section

5B A TASTE OF TWO CITIES

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. neighborhood; 2. settle; 3. immigrants
B. Possible answer(s): Maybe there are Japanese
immigrants in São Paulo, and Brazilian
immigrants in Hamamatsu.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. a (Para B); 3. b (Para B); 4. b;
5. c
B. 1. NG; 2. F (Para C); 3. NG; 4. T (Para C);
5. F (Para C)
Reading Skill
A. Possible answer(s): Main idea: Why is each
country’s food so popular in the other?
Key details: In 1908, people from Japan
began moving to Brazil to work on coffee
plantations. / Over time, the nikkei opened
many Japanese markets and restaurants in
the Liberdade district. / In the 1980s ... [o]ver
300,000 Japanese-Brazilians moved to Japan,
mainly to work in electronics and automobile
factories. / Over time, a number of Brazilian
restaurants and stores opened in Hamamatsu. /
Today, it’s possible to eat excellent Japanese
food in São Paulo and traditional Brazilian
cuisine in Hamamatsu.
B. 1. coffee; 2. Liberdade; 3. markets;
4. sushi; 5. tourists; 6. 1980s; 7. factories;
8. Portuguese; 9. bread
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): There are many ways that my
country’s cuisine has been influenced by foreign
cuisines. Pizza (from Italy) and noodles (from
China) are widely available. We also have spicy
dishes with hot peppers from Mexico.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. popular; 2. district; 3. coast; 4. traditional;
5. stores; 6. goods
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b
C. 1. population; 2. communication; 3. generation

VIDEO NEW YORK SKYSCRAPER

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. five years; 2. Possible answer(s): the long
pole on the top of the building; the spire is
78 meters tall (subtract 288 from 366);
3. Possible answer(s): the part of the building
under the ground
B. Possible answer(s): I think building the spire
on such a tall building must have been very
difficult.
While You Watch
A. a; b; d
B. 1. see what he is lifting; 2. large size;
3. dangerous; 4. above
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Pros: good views, 24-hour
security, easier to maintain (no yard); Cons: risk
of fires, lack of space, not a lot of nature

BACKYARD DISCOVERIES 6

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. I live near the ocean, and I spend a lot of time
there swimming in the summer and going for
walks in the winter.
2. There are seagulls and crabs on the beach, and
also seaweed and beach roses that grow nearby.

6A IN ONE CUBIC FOOT

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. organisms; 2. tiny; 3. soil
B. Possible answer(s): They break down dead
plants and animals into nutrients, so that
the living animals and plants in the area
can thrive.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. b; 3. b (Para B); 4. c (Para C); 5. a
B. 1. a healthy environment; 2. many were new
species (Coral Reef caption); 3. Monteverde,
Costa Rica (Tropical Cloud Forest caption)
Reading Skill
A. Paragraph B Line 2: When; Line 3: Later;
Line 4: eventually; Line 5: then
B. (clockwise from top) a; e; d; f; b; c
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): a city park—I want to
know whether urban life affects the variety of
organisms; a riverbed—I wonder if there are
different organisms here in comparison to the
coral reef; a cave—surely a dark cave would have
fewer organisms. I’d love to be proved wrong!
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. species; 2. cycle; 3. regions; 4. scientists;
5. discovered
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. b; 5. a
C. 1. up with; 2. out of; 3. into

6B WHAT’S IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD?

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. Anyone can be a citizen
scientist. 2. They take photos or interview
people and then share their pictures and
information on the Internet. This helps
scientists get important information quickly.
B. a; c
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. b (sidebar); 5. b (sidebar)
B. 1. F (Para A); 2. T (Para B); 3. NG;
4. F (Para D); 5. NG
Reading Skill
A. a. 3; b. 4; c. 2; d.1
B. 1. website; 2. tips; 3. nest; 4. visit; 5. upload
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Project name: NestWatch;
Purpose: to report on bird nesting sites so
that researchers can track bird populations and
how their nesting sites change over time; How
you can take part: Take a short test to be a
NestWatcher and then find a nest, visit it every
three or four days and record what you see, then
upload your observations to the website.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. research; 2. upload; 3. review; 4. images;
5. contribute
B. 1. b; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a
C. 1. place; 2. care; 3. a break

VIDEO BIOBLITZ

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. c; 2. a; 3. d; 4. b
B. Possible answer(s): Problems—bad weather
conditions, poor Wi-Fi connection. Yes, I’d be
interested in taking part in a BioBlitz because
I’d like to contribute to scientific research.
I might meet people with similar interests, too.
While You Watch
A. a. 4; b. 2; c. 5; d. 3; e. 1
B. 1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b
Critical Thinking
See Critical Thinking Unit 6B for an example.
WHEN DINOSAURS RULED 7

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. I’ve seen Jurassic Park. I liked it because it’s
hard to imagine animals that huge, and the
movie showed how powerful dinosaurs were.
2. I think people are fascinated because the
dinosaurs were so powerful, yet they still became
extinct. It’s also interesting to imagine what Earth
would be like if dinosaurs still existed today.

7A THE TRUTH ABOUT DINOSAURS

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. prehistoric reptiles; 2. 66 million years ago;
if an animal is extinct, it means that it no
longer exists.
B. 1. Was T. rex a powerful predator? Yes or
No; 2. Could dinosaurs fly? No; 3. Are all
dinosaurs extinct? Not entirely (birds)
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. c (Para A); 3. c; 4. b; 5. c (Para D)
B. 1. c (Para C); 2. a (Para A); 3. a (Para A);
4. b (Para B); 5. c (Para C)
Reading Skill
A. 1. like; 2. For example; 3. such as
B. 1. the two-meter Troodon; 2. in the movies,
T. rex is often a fast-moving giant;
3. Tupuxuara
C. 1. c; 2. e; 3. f; 4. a; 5. d
Possible answer(s): (Para A) But they now
believe a few dinosaurs were intelligent.
(Para B) While some scientists think
Tyrannosaurus rex was a powerful predator,
others think the opposite is true. / It was too
large to move very quickly, so it probably
moved about as fast as an elephant. (Para C)
Scientists believe pterosaurs were actually very
heavy. So they probably could not take off
from the ground like birds.
Possible answer(s): I think it’s likely that a
few dinosaurs were intelligent. It seems like
the T. rex must have been a predator, but it’s
possible that it couldn’t move well. Maybe
pterosaurs could take off like birds, but
scientists haven’t found out how yet.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. in reality; 2. giant; 3. completely;
4. probably; 5. climate
B. 1. relative; 2. heavy; 3. hunter; 4. opposite
C. 1. teacher; 2. actor; 3. inventor

7B MYSTERY OF THE TERRIBLE HAND

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. claws; 2. fossils; 3. humps
B. Students’ predictions will vary. What is unusual
about this dinosaur are its huge “hands” and
claws. It also had a hump on its back.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c; 2. b (Para A and B); 3. a (Para C);
4. c (Para C); 5. b (Para D)
B. 1. D; 2. B; 3. A; 4. C
Reading Skill
A. 1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. d
B. 1. an area in Mongolia’s Gobi Desert;
2. terrible hand; 3. a type of dinosaur that
looked like a modern-day ostrich
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Maybe it could store water
and it was a way to stay hydrated.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. length; 2. estimate; 3. similar; 4. Perhaps
B. 1. b; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. b; 6. a
C. 1. ask for; 2. express; 3. different

VIDEO DINOSAURS: A BRIEF HISTORY

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. plants; 2. other animals; 3. a rock that
travels through space
B. a; c; d
While You Watch
A. See Before You Watch B.
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. b
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I would like to bring back
the Deinocheirus, because I want to find out
what the hump is really used for! I would
be scared to get too close, but I would be
interested to see something that enormous!
Possible answer(s): I don’t think it’s a good
idea to bring back dinosaurs because they
may attack the wildlife we have today.
STORIES AND STORYTELLERS 8

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. One of my favorite books is The Giver by Lois
Lowry, about a future world that seems perfect
at first, but isn’t. It falls to Jonas, a young boy,
to change this world. I like this book because it’s
very meaningful, yet easy to read.
2. “Beauty and the Beast” is still popular today
because it teaches an important lesson about
thinking beyond someone’s looks. Beauty
falls in love with the Beast because of his
personality.

8A THE BROTHERS GRIMM

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): They wrote fairy tales; they
first wrote these for adults.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c; 2. a; 3. b (Para A); 4. c; 5. b (Para C)
B. Possible answer(s): 1. “Cinderella,” “Snow
White,” “Little Red Riding Hood”; 2. “Hansel
and Gretel”; 3. They “softened” the tales and
added drawings. 4. work hard, be good, listen
to your parents
Reading Skill
A. Answers will vary.
B. 1. storytellers; 2. similar; 3. dangerous;
4. adults; 5. children
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): The TV show Once Upon a
Time retells classic fairy tales. In this show, the
fairy-tale characters—including Snow White and
her evil stepmother—are transported to modernday
United States! One interesting change is that
the evil stepmother starts off as bad, but then you
understand her story, and she becomes
good. The moral is that everyone has good
inside of them and is capable of change.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. collection; 2. magical; 3. scary; 4. Although;
5. beliefs; 6. published
B. 1. text; 2. primarily; 3. added; 4. magical;
5. suitable; 6. beliefs; 7. published
C. 1. music; 2. magic; 3. origin

8B THE SEVEN RAVENS

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. 8; 2. to get water for their sister; 3. The
boys began to fight, and the water jug fell
into the well. This made the boys scared to
go home.
B. Possible answer(s): The boys will be turned
into ravens. The girl will grow up and save her
brothers.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. c (Para C); 5. b
B. a. 2; b. 7; c. 1; d. 4; e. 8; f. 5; g. 3; h. 6
Reading Skill
A. 1. Hansel and Gretel; 2. stepmother;
3. children; 4. house; 5. old woman;
6. old woman / witch; 7. children; 8. oven
B. 1. her finger; 2. seven plates and seven cups;
3. the brothers and their sister
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I would make the girl find
out about her brothers in an interesting way.
Maybe there can be a magical guide who
tells her how to find her brothers. I would
definitely soften the story. Instead of cutting off
her finger, maybe the girl can give up something
precious that she owns, like an expensive watch.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a; 5. b; 6. a
B. 1. determined; 2. affect; 3. forget
C. 1. affected; 2. effect; 3. affect

VIDEO FAIRY-TALE CASTLE

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. b; 2. a; 3. c
While You Watch
A. a and c
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think the Harry Potter books
will still be popular hundreds of years from now.
The book’s themes of family, friendship, and
good vs. evil will continue to be relevant in the
future. Also, it’s fun to read stories about magic
and the supernatural.

UNUSUAL JOBS 9

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. window cleaners for skyscrapers, food tasters
2. I think it could be fun being a food taster. But
I am scared of heights, so I definitely don’t
want to clean windows on skyscrapers!

9A MEET THE METEORITE HUNTER

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): 1. a space rock that lands
on Earth; 2. I think scientists are interested
because they can learn more about outer
space by studying the meteorites.
B. Possible answer(s): 1. Michael Farmer is a
meteorite hunter. He goes around the world
to find meteorites. Then he sells them. 2. He
probably has to go to remote places to find
the meteorites.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. b (Para A); 3. a (Para B); 4. b (Para C);
5. c
B. 1. the law; 2. meteorite pieces; 3. a pallasite;
4. new meteorites; 5. scientists
Reading Skill
A. Line 1: 200 or so; Line 2: One ; Line 3: in 2011;
Line 5: just over 300, around 2.1; Line 6:
second-oldest; Line 8: over a year; Line 9:
approximately 10 times
B. 1. about 70 or so; 2. $100,000; 3. around
4.5 billion years old; 4. 53 kilograms
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): I think meteorites should
belong to museums or scientists, because we can
learn a lot from their research. Maybe smaller
pieces that are similar to ones that are already
being studied could be sold to private collectors.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. in demand; 2. illegal; 3. law; 4. valuable;
5. worth; 6. locate
B. 1. freeze; 2. heavy; 3. a set of gold coins;
4. buys
C. 1. chest; 2. buried; 3. national

9B SMOKEJUMPERS

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. burn; 2. hectare; 3. wildfire
B. Possible answer(s): They jump from planes
into areas where there’s a fire that no one else
can reach. They try to stop the spread of the
fire by cutting down the trees around it.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. c (Para B); 3. a (Para C); 4. c;
5. b (Para D)
B. Possible answer(s): 1. shovels and axes (Para B);
2. burnable material, like dry grass and dead
trees (Para B); 3. how to find food in the forest
or make simple furniture from trees (Para C)
Reading Skill
A. How smokejumpers fight fires (Para B); What
a smokejumper is (Para A); Why people like
being smokejumpers (Para D); Requirements
to be a smokejumper (Para C)
B. Possible answer(s):
Para A—special firefighter/jump into hard-toreach
areas;
Para B—examine land/main goal to slow
progress of fire/use basic equipment;
Para C—mostly men, but more women now/
height and weight important factors/need to
be able to survive in the wilderness;
Para D—good job for “tough guys”
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary.
Possible answer(s): 1. a circus performer; They
like to travel and do thrilling stunts. 2. a war
journalist; They want to show the world what
is really happening in war zones. 3. a window
cleaner for a high-rise building; They like
heights, and they get to see a city in a
unique way.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. employed; 2. race; 3. occupation;
4. equipment; 5. capable; 6. majority
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a
C. 1. improve; 2. equip; 3. employ

VIDEO SNAKE CATCHERS

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. is not; harmful; 2. were born; 3. wet and
soft; 4. send and receive radio or television
signals
While You Watch
A. 1. reptiles; 2. 7; 3. 90; 4. 1.5
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. b
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): golf ball divers, meteorite
hunters, smokejumpers, hackers, upcyclers,
circus performers, war journalists, private
detectives, ski instructors, window cleaners
working on high-rises, volunteer firefighters,
snake catchers. Answers will vary for jobs that
students are interested in or best suited for.
Example answer: I would like to be an upcycler
because I like being creative and I want to help
the environment.

UNCOVERING THE PAST 10

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. the Parthenon; the Coliseum; the Pyramids;
Teotihuacan; Machu Picchu; the terracotta
soldiers
2. Answers will vary.

10A THE ARMY’S TRUE COLORS

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. Archeologists; artifacts; 2. tomb; 3. warrior
B. Possible answer(s): The colors faded over time;
when outside air hit the colors, it caused the
coating underneath the paint to fall off.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a (Para C); 5. c (Para D)
B. 1. emperor; 2. tomb; 3. army; 4. brown;
5. liquid; 6. plastic
Reading Skill
A. 1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b; 5. a
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Pros: more tourists might come
to visit; people can see what the army originally
looked like; it would show how different the
soldiers originally looked from one another. Cons:
paint might make the warriors disintegrate; current
artists may not be able to match the original colors.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. constructed; 2. protect; 3. techniques;
4. army; 5. revealed; 6. liquid; 7. network
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. a
C. 1. a secret; 2. the truth; 3. the cause

10B WONDERS OF EGYPT

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. T; 2. T; 3. T
B. c
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. a; 3. c; 4. b; 5. b (Para D)
B. 1. F (about 80 years); 2. NG; 3. T (Para B);
4. T (Para C)
Reading Skill
A. 1. ordinary Egyptians; 2. 80 years; 3. teams
and roles; 4. arthritis; 5. 30–35 years;
6. medical care; 7. proud; 8. national project
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): The author thinks the
pyramid builders had mostly positive feelings
about their work because he/she stresses that
even though the work was hard, the workers
had enough food and received medical care.
Also, paragraph D is about how proud the
workers were. They wrote Friends of Khufu
on a wall, and the quote from Zahi Hawass
emphasizes that the workers were proud to be
part of a national project.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. competed; 2. According to; 3. role; 4. task;
5. proud; 6. icon
B. 1. ordinary; 2. task; 3. confirmed; 4. block;
5. involved
C. 1. impossible; 2. complete; 3. give

VIDEO CITY IN THE CLOUDS

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. empire; 2. aspect; 3. ruins; 4. engineering
While You Watch
A. 1. 500; 2. stone; 3. metal; 4. earthquakes;
5. farmer; 6. 2007
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): It depends. I think that it’s
OK for some artifacts to be in museums to
educate more people about the historical sites.
However, I think that most artifacts found
today should be left at their original sites or at
least be looked after by experts in that country.
Answers will vary.

PLASTIC PLANET 11

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. I think global warming, air pollution, and
the disappearance of the bee population are
some of the most important issues facing the
environment today.
2. I live near the ocean, so my community
organizes a beach clean-up day a few times a
year. There is also a move to recycle materials
and compost food to cut down on waste.

11A THE PROBLEM WITH PLASTIC

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. Possible answer(s): building, packaging,
industrial machinery, textiles; almost 40
percent; 2. 448 million tons; 3. building and
construction—35 years; packaging—less than
six months
B. Possible answer(s): Sea animals could eat or
get caught in the plastic.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. c; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b (Para D); 5. b (Para C)
B. 1. T (Para B); 2. F (Para B); 3. NG; 4. F (Para D);
5. NG
Reading Skill
A. “Imagine you ate lunch and then just felt
weak ... and hungry all day,” says marine
biologist Matthew Savoca. “That would be
very confusing.”
According to Savoca, “Single-use plastics are
the worst.”
“I think we’ll know the answers in 5 to 10
years’ time,” says Debra Lee Magadini from
Columbia University.
Possible answer(s): The first and second
quotes support the statements in the reading.
The third quote gives expert evidence.
B. 1. b; 2. a; 3. c; 4. a
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Ocean plastic could affect
people who eat seafood, because they could be
eating the plastic that the sea animals ate. It is
also unpleasant to swim in plastic, or to see trash
in the water. More importantly, the plastic could
make certain sea creatures extinct or endangered,
which could affect all of us. It’s hard to know how
the delicate balance of the ecosystem works, but
plastic can’t be good for it.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. Rescue; 2. recycle; 3. common; 4. huge
B. 1. take it out; 2. usually happens; 3. strong;
4. difficult; 5. all; 6. continue far into the future
C. 1. extend; 2. except; 3. extract

11B FIVE TIPS FOR USING LESS PLASTIC

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. Possible answer(s): plastic fork, plastic rings
to hold soda cans, bottle top, glove, straw,
soda bottle; Yes, many of them are single-use
items.
B. Possible answer(s): I can use reusable bottles
and bring my own fork and knife when I am
going to eat fast food.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. a; 2. b (Para B); 3. a; 4. c (Para E); 5. c
B. 1. Bundanoon; 2. San Francisco; 3. Seattle;
4. United Kingdom; 5. Denmark; 6. Norway
Reading Skill
A. 1. Roughly 10 percent are used in the United
States alone. 2. Skip the straw. 3. Buy a
reusable bottle and fill it with any type of
beverage you like. 4. Some cities … have
completely or partially banned bottled water.
5. … but it is possible to recycle most bottles
and milk or juice cartons.
B. 1. c; 2. c; 3. b; 4. a; 5. b
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. reduce; 2. tax; 3. Customers; 4. containers;
5. globally
B. 1. quit; 2. bans; 3. pollute; 4. avoid; 5. refund
C. 1. warming; 2. problem; 3. awareness

VIDEO OUR PLASTIC WORLD

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. b; 2. c; 3. d; 4. a
B. Possible answer(s): pens, computer mouse,
phone case, water bottles; I probably use at
least 30 plastic items a day. I try not to use
single-use plastics, but a lot of times I have to
because of food packaging.
While You Watch
A. 1. oil; 2. single-use; 3. plants; 4. faster
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. b
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s): Your project name: Cash
for Coffee Cups; Project’s purpose/focus:
to get people to stop using single-use coffee
cups, which have plastic lids; Actions required:
Convince coffee shops to charge a small fee for a
single-use cup, to encourage everyone to bring a
reusable coffee cup from home. Use the money
to help fund bioplastics research.

VANISHED! 12

Answer Key
Possible answer(s):
1. Marco Polo—China; Ibn Battuta—Asia, the
Middle East, Africa; Neil Armstrong—the
moon; Zheng He—India
2. Glenn Miller, Kurt Cobain, Anastasia Romanov,
Tutankhamun, Steve Fosset

12A MYSTERY ON THE MOUNTAIN

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. 1. 8,850; 2. 4; 3. Nepal; 4. 1953; 5. cold;
6. oxygen
B. Possible answer(s): I think it will be about the
two men who disappeared on Mount Everest in
1924. Maybe now the mystery has been solved.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. a; 3. c (Para B and C); 4. a; 5. b
B. George Mallory: b, c; Andrew Irvine: d;
Both: a, e
Reading Skill
A. Possible answer(s): Evidence for: the team
found Mallory’s oxygen tank; no photos.
Evidence against: difficult path / poor
equipment; no frostbite.
B. 1. oxygen; 2. body; 3. photo; 4. leave;
5. difficult; 6. equipment; 7. frostbite;
8. common
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s):
I think they reached the top because Mallory
did not have the photo of his wife anymore.
If someone found the camera that Mallory and
Irvine used, that could solve the mystery.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. unfortunately; 2. achievement; 3. proved;
4. path; 5. suffered
B. 1. dead body; 2. parts; 3. tent; 4. don’t think;
5. makes no
C. 1. what; 2. who; 3. when

12B THE MISSING PILOT

Answer Key
Before You Read
A. the first woman to fly a plane alone across the
Atlantic Ocean
B. Possible answer(s): Their plane might have
run out of fuel and crashed in the ocean, or
maybe they landed on a deserted island.
Reading Comprehension
A. 1. b; 2. c (Para A); 3. c (Para A); 4. c; 5. b
B. 1. d; 2. a; 3. b; 4. c
Reading Skill
A. 1. without a doubt; 2. likely; 3. Perhaps;
4. might; 5. could; 6. probably
B. Possible answer(s): 1. 5; 2. 4; 3. 2; 4. 1; 5. 1;
6. 4
Critical Thinking
Earhart got lost somewhere over the Pacific,
her plane ran out of gas, and she crashed into
the sea.
Possible answer(s): I agree with the author.
I think that’s probably what happened, but
I like the idea that they made it to the island.
Vocabulary Practice
A. 1. headed; 2. effort; 3. investigation;
4. disappearance; 5. bright
B. 1. bright and clear; 2. hits the ground or sea
hard; 3. airport; 4. get closer to; 5. answer
or reply
C.1. ability; 2. like; 3. appear

VIDEO EARHART MYSTERY

Answer Key
Before You Watch
A. 1. thirst; 2. spy; 3. prisoner; 4. pretend; 5. reef
While You Watch
A. 1. gas; 2. water; 3. died; 4. reason;
5. housewife
Critical Thinking
Possible answer(s):
Some people think the moon landings were
filmed in Hollywood. / Some people deny that
global warming exists. / Some people believe
the Earth is flat.
I think some people believe in conspiracy
theories because they do not trust those in
power or because they do not understand the
facts. I usually do not believe in conspiracy
theories as I trust the facts given by scientists
and experts. / I used to think that the
pyramids in Egypt were built by space aliens,
but now that archeologists have discovered
the site where the workers once lived, I can
see from the evidence that the pyramids were
built by humans.