Cryogenic fuel level indicator pdf

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The Armstrong Mission Research Center, Edwards, California Innovators at NASA's Armstrong Mission Research Center have developed a highly accurate method of measuring fluid levels using optical fibers. Unlike the fluid level sensors that are currently on the market that rely on discrete measurements to give a wide approximation of fluid levels,
Armstrong's innovative fiber optics method provides accurate and accurate measurements. In particular, Armstrong's new method is capable of providing measurements at an interval of 1/4 inch in the tank. This significant leap forward in precision and precision liquid level sensing offers significant benefits for many industries. Originally developed by NASA to
monitor the cryogenic fuel level of the rocket, this technology can be used in many medical, industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The technology uses a rubber wire heater complete with optical fiber. The sensing system uses Bragg fiber optic sensors located along a single fiber optic cable. These sensors actively distinguish liquid and gas states by
continuous fiber and can accurately determine the level of the liquid. The technology uses a rubber wire heater complete with optical fiber. The heater is pulsed to cause local temperature changes along the fiber, and fiber bragg grate data is used to monitor the subsequent cooling of the fiber. The length of the fiber in the liquid is cooled faster than the part of
the fiber in the gas above the liquid. The measurement system accurately locates this transition within 1/4 of an inch. Armstrong's liquid-level sensing technology was originally developed to measure the level of cryogenic fluid in rockets, and it represents significant progress in the state of art in this application. Conventional methods of measuring cryogenic
fluid levels rely on cryogenic diodes strategically located along the rod or rack. Diodes are installed in pre-selected, relatively wide-ranging positions along the length of the rod, resulting in limited, inaccurate data. In addition, each diode on the rod has two wires associated with it, which means that one system can require a large number of wires. This makes
installation, connectivity and appliances cumbersome. Armstrong technology provides liquid measurements with much greater precision, reaching measurements at an interval of 1/4 inch. In addition, the streamlined system uses only two wires, which greatly simplifies the installation and appliances. It is not subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and
can be used in corrosive or toxic liquids without damaging the fiber or contaminating the liquid. Due to its accuracy and ease of use, Armstrong measurement system important benefits for a wide range of uses other than cryogenic fluids. This technology has applications in the aerospace industry, especially liquid fuel fuel Vehicles and satellites; Chemical or
refineries to monitor the flow of liquid at the site; Industrial reservoirs to measure the level of cryogenic or other liquids (e.g. for storing and transporting liquefied natural gas); Food and beverage production; Pharmaceutical production; Medical or hospital surgeries; and any other industries that require level measurement in large containers, including materials
that are difficult to measure (e.g. cryogenic fluids). NASA is actively seeking licensees to commercialize this technology. Please contact the Technology Transfer Bureau at this email address currently protected from spam bots. You need to use JavaScript to view it. initiate a licensing discussion. Click here for more information: . This article originally
appeared in the September 2016 issue of NASA Tech Briefs Magazine. Read more articles from this issue here. Read more about articles from the archive here. Radiation Cooling Detector - Continuous reading of capacity sensors offer a much better solution for controlling the level of liquid nitrogen in radiation detectors dewars compared to traditional tone-
sensing systems. The capacity sensors have no moving parts and are manufactured with a bend so that they can be formed into rubber double collars. This allows the sensor to exit in a radial direction, avoiding interference with the device detector. Existing sensor units the same more dots easily and accessible can be converted into continuous reading
level control. Such requirements are often very useful in the systems of automatic filling of liquid nitrogen germanium gamma ray detector (HPGe) and X-ray silicon detectors (Li). This type of solution applies throughout the spectrum of double sizes, commonly used from 5 liters to 50 litres. It is important to inform the exact detector to make, model and double
the type you use so that the AMI can provide the right sensor, collar or other necessary items. Installations using a jar of multiple detectors usually require a liquid nitrogen heading system, which is also provided by AMI. Solenaid filling valves are connected to this variety and dewars self-fill as needed through the controller. Auto-filled solutions for radiation
detector dewars requiring all range motion ratios are also available. Aerospace Tanks Run - Launching tank installations are usually very customary and demanding with high pressure requirements, fast runoff speeds, sensor lengths, high vibration and often multi-liquid compatible probes. AMI offers engineering solutions for each of these problems. High
pressure is solved with the help of high-pressure channels are compatible with cryogenic temperatures. If necessary, AMI uses end-element analysis to simulate stresses and verify that the design is within acceptable limits Construction. Hydrostatic pressure testing is available. Hydraulic dynamics play an important role when it comes to fast runoff speeds,
and AMI solves these problems by combining a special sensor design and a quick sampling of electronics. LOX Compatibility - Made using virgin teflon and stainless steel, these sensors do not contain epoxy resin or other materials that could act as a fuel source in the liquid oxygen system. Particular attention is taken to minimize oil residues during
construction, but special cleaning is required to maintain liquid oxygen. Although LOx cleaning services are not provided by AMI as soon as the customer takes action with the cleaning specialists of their choice, AMI may opt them out. Liquefied oxygen measures the level of liquid oxygen. These sensors, made using virgin Teflon and stainless steel, do not
contain epoxy resins or other materials that could act as a fuel source in liquid oxygen systems. Special attention is taken to minimize residual oils during construction, but special cleaning is required. One of the interesting applications is the monitoring of LOx vessels installed on vehicles used to transport fish from incubators to local streams, ponds and
lakes. The robust design allows the Model 175 to function flawlessly in this application, replacing the faulty float system. Unnecessary Point Sensing Point sensors can be provided using the same proven capacity technology used in our continuous sensors. Using such sensors can be an over-read backup for a continuous sensor in critical applications. In
addition, cryogenic temperature sensors of the RTD platinum range can be installed in certain places to ensure redundancy levels when needed. In any case, these point sensors are released to monitor separately from the continuous sensor. High Vibration AMI recommends using our Rugged Service sensors in aerospace applications. These sensors are
built to a more reliable standard and will survive demanding applications or rough handling. To withstand high vibrations, building techniques are used to ensure no parts can drop the sensor and become a pollutant inside the tank. It uses locks and welding attachments. Long-length Long sensors over 50 feet, tight under their own weight and easy to install,
have been manufactured. For processing and shipment, these sensors are provided in sections and either bolted together with a miniature flank or screwed to each other during assembly. Touch sections are temporarily assembled at the plant before shipping to ensure the correct Each section of the sensor is marked with a match for proper identification,
and assembly instructions are usually provided. Turbulence in a running tank can be caused by the formation of a large vortex in high-flow conditions. Side restriction Long sensors are recommended at several points along the length of the sensor. This can be achieved by clamping or welding the sensor mast to the existing inner staircase or by installing
radial spokes inside the tank. The sensor can also be installed inside a heavy walled pipe that is fastened to the top and bottom of the tank if provided for proper ventilation to ensure the sensor sees the true liquid inside the tank. In less turbulent settings, a simple pipe stub welded to the bottom of the tank can serve to prevent the probe from moving
sideways. High Flow Speed Some level applications require a very fast speed of electronic signal updates combined with specially designed sensors to provide a suitable level signal in an extremely rapid level change. Many AMI-level instruments update analog outputs every 50 mC and are therefore suitable for such rapid filling or runoff rates. When
designing the hydraulics of these high-flow sensors, the minimum lag between the liquid annulus sensor and the bulk tank level (Lag reading level) can be below 1 mm. High pressure measurement systems for cryogenic applications of up to 10,000 psig were provided by AMI. With commercial or specially designed flanks, feedthru high-pressure connectors
and custom sensor technology, almost no application is impossible. If necessary, the pressure boundary is modeled and analyzed for stress using the programs of the modern end element. Hydrostatic pressure tests and certificates are readily available. If necessary, certified ASME vascular welders and specialized welding techniques are used. When
monitoring rapid level height changes, it is important to update the signal very quickly. AMI tools are updated at speeds from 20 mC to 300 mS depending on the model you choose. Often the analog output signal is updated faster than the display. In this regard, AMI recommends that you get an analog output option on any tool for such applications. Outside,
wet area, and industrial application - transmitters and fluid level sensors can provide continuous sensing of cryogenic or non-cryogenic fluids in external or other wet environments. Traditional concentric tube sensors, used with non-industrial indoor instruments of the concentric tube capacity sensors, can be effectively shortened by the presence of electrically
conductive water that decreases in connection between the tank electrodes. More often than not, this is a problem in the coaxial connection at the top end of the hard sensor. AMI fully understands the requirements for solving such problems and offers several solutions. Frost-resistant sensors do not allow the electrical connection to come out of the ice
formation. Especially In the field of nutrition or pharmaceutical environment requiring routine cleaning wash, our waterproof kit kit it is a compound and prevents moisture from entering the compound. Sensors with standard channel adapters are also available to protect this coaxial compound from moisture. When the active part of the cryogenic probe itself is
exposed to moisture, the probe can be dried (natural evaporation or forced cleaning of dry gas) or taking into account the initial cooling before reintroducing the measurement of the level into the control cycle. The latter is an effective method because the ice is not conductive and no longer affects the measurement after freezing moisture. Traditional
concentric tube sensors used with industrial Instruments Model 175 Industrial cryogenic level transmitter are built using a fully weathered, corrosive-resistant NEMA 4X enclosure. The transmitter and concentric tube (typical) sensor is designed to install the transmitter using (on top) the sensor or remotely. The touch connection is made in the case or remotor
box, providing protection of the connection from the weather. Concentric tube sensors can be built with appropriate insulation for use in conductive media. Auto-Changeover Systems - AMI offers an automatic switching system using the automatic switch mode to the 286 Multi-Channel Liquid Level Controller. To do this, the user should own canisters with
liquid supply and replace the existing visual indicator float with the help of a continuous reading probe of electronic containers. The replacement procedure is as simple as ventilating the tank, screwing the float and screwing the container sensor. Capacity sensors are available with appropriate streams at the correct length for most makes and sizes of
cryogenic food canisters. Visual Float Device Precision Capacitance Sensor Replacement After installing capacity sensors in two power tanks installed a vacuum jacket with one-piece solenoid valves between the two tanks. The Model 286 controller delivers the dewar target from a single tank until it feels that the power tank is almost empty based on the
user's low point level or based on the over-setting of the fill cycle. Once the empty virgin is felt the Model 286 automatically switches to filling out the second canister of power and warn the user that one of the food canisters is now empty. After replacing the empty canister, the system is reset simply by setting the power on the Model 286. Here is an example
of an installed system that tracks a critical device on the beam line. The purpose of the dewar in this installation is underground. Automatic transition system in the use of biological storage specimen - Long-term care and management of highly valuable and/or irreplaceable biological sample samples is a great responsibility. This is common in the case of
fertility clinics. Many customers have experienced results with cheap one point low level monitors that are known to be unreliable. AMI does not provide such devices. Instead, AMI offers a more reliable, secure and more cost-effective solution, equipping the kind of Cryo-Bio dewars with automatic filling capability. More reliable because of the advanced and
proven features of our tools such as digital reading, high/low alarm, remote computer communication, etc. are safer because laboratory staff do not have to manually fill several dewars and risk burns from liquid nitrogen or back injury from transporting heavy LN2 containers. More cost effective because you eliminate the mundane tasks of routine manually
filling a few dewars every day. Most importantly, you ensure that your valuable designs are always covered by LN2. We can apply our extensive knowledge of continuous reading level management to each installation. Individual portable dewars can be equipped with a self-filled system, providing a modified double cover. The level sensor, vents and fill port
are provided by AMI as part of each new cap assembly. If you need regular access to the sample, a sturdy sensor is available to avoid accidentally bending the sensor element during processing. A flexible filling line or hose transmission makes removing and replacing the assembly lid very easy. It is important to note that the level management tool should
always be put off before removing the double lid to prevent sudden gas ventilation due to the start of an unwanted filling cycle. An example of a modified wide-mouthed Barnstead Cryo-Bio dewar sample for use at a fertility clinic is shown here. Auto-filling small dewars - (Note - is a hyperlink to a film that is 10 minutes, 36 seconds and is 153,746 KB in size.)
In deuces with very small volumes or all relationship requirements are particularly useful to include a level sensor within deuce. This provides only one coaxial connection point on the outside of the double to connect to the level tool. The inclusion of the sensor thus provides little additional heat load in the system and maximizes the time between refueling,
while adding to the benefits of continuous level measurement. In such cases, the pouring tube, vents and standard train transmission lines complete auto-filled systems. It is important on small dewars to spot the relief of the transport line to prevent unwanted forces on the dewar or to fill the tube. The second approach, Flow-Thru Sensor, is used for most
applications and will upgrade existing systems in the field. The unique design of the Flow-Thru sensor allows the liquid to pass through the center of the sensor simultaneously and continuously measuring the level of the liquid. It's an invention invaluable when auto-filling small dewars, where there is only one port. In addition, the ventilation of the internal
vessel can also be built into this structure, allowing completely completely Filling even the smallest dewars less than 0.25 litres in size. In small dual applications, where the length of the active sensor is very short and the volume is small, sometimes you can observe an unexpected increase in the level of reading. This increase can occur for a variety of
reasons depending on whether the dewar has just finished filling or dried up. If the devar had just finished filling and the increase occurred quickly, it was probably the result of residual fluid downstream from the valve filling flowing into the deuce after the valve filling had closed. If the devar has just finished filling and the increase has occurred slowly, this is
probably the result of external components flowing through the sensor achieving thermal equilibrium after filling. A slight shift in the tank occurs during the filling, when the outer parts are cooled. As the parts heat up, the shift returns to normal, and the reading actually becomes more accurate. If the increase occurred after the devar dried up, it is most likely
caused by Air Offset. Learn more about the Air Offset phenomenon, which is common in small dual applications to automatically fill in on the AMI technical support page. Note that filling double liquid nitrogen is not necessarily a smooth process. As nitrogen flows into deuce, it is a combination of liquid and vapor. This two-step liquid can cause a significant up
and a splash in the deuce, resulting in fluctuations in the reading level until the top point of the set is reached. Achieved. cryogenic fuel level indicator working. cryogenic fuel level indicator advantages and disadvantages. cryogenic fuel level indicator pdf. cryogenic fuel level indicator wikipedia. cryogenic fuel level indicator ppt

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