Classification of soil as per IS provision

Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

1.1 ABSTRACT
In this micro project we studied that classification of soil as per IS provision. The purpose of soil
classification is to arrange various types of soils into groups according to their engineering or
agricultural properties and various other characteristics. Classification systems are used to group
soils according to their order of performance under given set of physical conditions. Soils that are
grouped in order of performance for one set of physical conditions will not necessarily have the
same order of performance under some other physical conditions.

1.2 RATIONALE
Geotechnical engineering is the important for every structure, since all structure rest on soil. The
stability of these structures depends upon behavior of soil and bearing capacity of soil to carry
loads under different loading condition. Foundation of soil and rocks, defects in rocks, soil behavior,
and soil as an engineering material are essential parameter to an engineer. Knowledge of geology,
soil characteristics, and stress distribution under loading on soil, bearing capacity of soil is also
useful to every engineer in the design, excavation and stability analysis of structure

1.3 COURSE OUTCOMES ADDRESSED

1. Identify the types of soil and their classification as per IS provision

Civil Engineering Dept. -1- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

Chapter 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW

Soil can be simply defined as a mixture of small rock particles/debris and organic
materials/ humus which develop on the earth surface and support growth of plants.
Soil Classification – Agencies involve
 In the modern period, when men started to know about the various characteristics of soil
they began to classify soil on the basis of texture, color, moisture etc.
 When the Soil survey of India was established in 1956, they studied soils of India and their
characteristics.
 The National Bureau of Soil Survey and the Land Use Planning, an institute under the
control of Indian Council of Agriculture Research did a lot of studies on Indian soil.

Major classification of Indian soils

Civil Engineering Dept. -2- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

1. Alluvial soil [43%]

2. Red soil [18.5%]
3. Black / regur soil [15%]
4. Arid / desert soil
5. Laterite soil
6. Saline soil
7. Peaty / marshy soil
8. Forest soil
9. Sub-mountain soil
10. Snowfields

Chapter 3 – PROJECT DETAILS

Civil Engineering Dept. -3- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

3.1 ACTUAL METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED

1. First of all we understood the scheme of micro project in details and also determined it’s
importance.
2. We discuss about the subject of micro project
3. Our subject teacher told us various subject about the micro project but we all group
member select the topic of “CLASSIFACATION OF SOIL AS PER IS PROVISION
4. We understood our subject topic and then after we collected the information on our
subject topic.
5. We are collected the information internet and some reference book to related our
subject topic.
6. Firstly, we collected the introduction, abstract, project details, conclusion, application
and reference.
7. This collected data show to our subject teacher teacher told us some mistake’s then we
clear this mistakes and again show it.

Civil Engineering Dept. -4- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

Soil can be simply defined as a mixture of small rock particles/debris and organic materials/
humus which develop on the earth surface and support growth of plants.
Soil Classification – Agencies involve
 In the modern period, when men started to know about the various characteristics of soil
they began to classify soil on the basis of texture, color, moisture etc.
 When the Soil survey of India was established in 1956, they studied soils of India and their
characteristics.
 The National Bureau of Soil Survey and the Land Use Planning, an institute under the
control of Indian Council of Agriculture Research did a lot of studies on Indian soil.

Major classification of Indian soils

Civil Engineering Dept. -5- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

Alluvial soil:

 Mostly available soil in India (about 43%) which covers an area of 143 sq.km.
 Widespread in northern plains and river valleys.
 In peninsular-India, they are mostly found in deltas and estuaries.
 Humus, lime and organic matters are present.
 Highly fertile.
 Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputhra plain, Narmada-Tapi plain etc are examples.
 They are depositional soil – transported and deposited by rivers, streams etc.
 Sand content decreases from west to east of the country.
 New alluvium is termed as Khadar and old alluvium is termed as Bhangar.
 Colour: Light Grey to Ash Grey.
 Texture: Sandy to silty loam or clay.
 Rich in: potash
 Poor in: phosphorous.
 Wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, pulses, oilseed etc are cultivated mainly.

Red soil:

 Seen mainly in low rainfall area.

 Also known as Omnibus group.
 Porous, friable structure.
 Absence of lime, kankar (impure calcium carbonate).
 Deficient in: lime, phosphate, manganese, nitrogen, humus and potash.
 Colour: Red because of Ferric oxide. The lower layer is reddish yellow or yellow.
 Texture: Sandy to clay and loamy.
 Wheat, cotton, pulses, tobacco, oilseeds, potato etc are cultivated.

Black soil / regur soil:

 Regur means cotton – best soil for cotton cultivation.

 Most of the Deccan is occupied by Black soil.
 Mature soil.
 High water retaining capacity.
 Swells and will become sticky when wet and shrink when dried.
 Self-ploughing is a characteristic of the black soil as it develops wide cracks when dried.
 Rich in: Iron, lime, calcium, potassium, aluminum and magnesium.
 Deficient in: Nitrogen, Phosphorous and organic matter.
 Colour: Deep black to light black.
 Texture: Clayey.

Civil Engineering Dept. -6- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

Laterite soil:

 Name from Latin word ‘Later’ which means Brick.

 Become so soft when wet and so hard when dried.
 In the areas of high temperature and high rainfall.
 Formed as a result of high leaching.
 Lime and silica will be leached away from the soil.
 Organic matters of the soil will be removed fast by the bacteria as it is high temperature and humus
will be taken quickly by the trees and other plants. Thus, humus content is low.
 Rich in: Iron and Aluminum
 Deficient in: Nitrogen, Potash, Potassium, Lime, Humus
 Colour: Red colour due to iron oxide.
 Rice, Ragi, Sugarcane and Cashew nuts are cultivated mainly.

Desert / arid soil:

 Seen under Arid and Semi-Arid conditions.

 Deposited mainly by wind activities.
 High salt content.
 Lack of moisture and Humus.
 Kankar or Impure Calcium carbonate content is high which restricts the infiltration of water.
 Nitrogen is insufficient and Phosphate is normal.
 Texture: Sandy
 Colour: Red to Brown.

Peaty / marshy soil:

 Areas of heavy rainfall and high humidity.

 Growth of vegetation is very less.
 A large quantity of dead organic matter/humus which makes the soil alkaline.
 Heavy soil with black colour.

Civil Engineering Dept. -7- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

Forest soil:

 Regions of high rainfall.

 Humus content is less and thus the soil is acidic.

Mountain soil:

 In the mountain regions of the country.

 Immature soil with low humus and acidic

Civil Engineering Dept. -8- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

Chapter 4 – MICRO-PROJECT OUTPUTS

4.1 OUTPUTS OF THE MICRO-PROJECT

 Shear strength is most important geotechnical property of soils, help in stability of civil
engineering structures on or below the earth.
 The character and make-up of the soil play an important part in the behavior of soils and
what they can used for.

4.2 SKILL DEVELOPED/LEARNING OUT OF THIS MICRO-PROJECT

 Motivation
 Basic knowledge of project
 Technical knowledge
 Presentation skill
 Communication skill
 Prioritization
 Adaptability

Civil Engineering Dept. -9- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

Chapter 5

5.1 APPLICATION

 Soil is used for support of structural entities such as building foundation, roadway,
walkways, and earth retaining structure.
 Soil can also be used as building materials such as adobe and red bricks.
 Clay soil is used in making ceramics, or pottery .

CONCLUSIONS & REFERENCES

6.1 CONCLUSION
 The distinctive feature of soil is that to this weathered mineral material added organic
material.
 Soil is important as medium for plant growth and for support of much animal and human
activity.

6.2 REFERENCES:
1.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil classification

2. www.civileblog.com/types-of-soil

Civil Engineering Dept. -10- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

WEEKLY WORK / PROGRESS REPORT

Details of 16 Engagement Hours of the Student

Regarding Completion of the Project
Timing Sign
Week
Date Duration Work/Activity Performed of
No. From To
in Hours Guide
4:00
1. 5:00 1 Prepare the group
4:00 5:00 1 Discussion and finalization of the
2.
project title
4:00 5:00 1 Then we discuss about the teacher our
3.
micro project
4:00 5:00 1 Collect the information of
4.
Classification of soil as per IS provision
4:00 5:00 1
5. First of all collect the abstract
4:00 5:00 1
6. Literature review
4:00 5:00 1
7. Collection of data
4:00 5:00 1
8. Collection of data
4:00 5:00 1
9. Collection of data
4:00 5:00 1
10. Discussion and outline of content
4:00 5:00 1
11. Rough writing of project contents
4:00 5:00 1 Editing and proof reading of the
12.
contents

Civil Engineering Dept. -11- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

4:00 5:00 1
13. Collected data show the teacher
4:00 5:00 1
14. Finalized the project
4:00 5:00 1 Seminar Presentation, viva-vice,
15.
Assessment.

Name & Signature of Project Guide

Prof. G.B.G

Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

Academic Year: 2019 -20 Semester:4th

Program: Civil engineering Course Code: 1808

Course and Code: Geotechnical engineering(GTE) CE4I

Title of the Micro-Project: Write the report on classification of soil as per IS PROVISION

Course Outcome Achieved:

A. Identify the types of soil and their classification as per IS provision

Major Learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the project:

A. Practical Outcomes:
i. _____________________________________________________
ii. _____________________________________________________

B. Unit Outcomes (in Cognitive domain):

i. _____________________________________________________
ii. _____________________________________________________

C. Outcomes in Affective Domain:

i. _____________________________________________________
ii. _____________________________________________________

Comments / Suggestions about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication:

___________________________________________________________________________
Part A – Part B –
Process Assessment Product Assessment
Total

Civil Engineering Dept. -12- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

171808004
Patil Sayali Bhika
5
171808005
Patil Nilesh Sudam
7
171808005
Mulla Farin Rafik
9
Pawara Roshan Sahebrao
Thakare Khanda Vishnu
Name & Signature of Project Guide
Prof. G. B. G

Micro-Project Feedback Sheet

Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro Project
 (Please tick in appropriate cell for each characteristic)
S Characteristic Poor Average Good Excellent
N to be assessed ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4-5 ) ( Marks 6-8 ) ( Marks 9-10 )
Relate to Related to Take care of Take care of
Relevance to
1 very few LOs some LOs at-least one CO more than one CO
the Course
Not more than two At-least 5 relevant At –least 7 relevant About 10 relevant
Literature
sources, very old sources, at least 2 sources, most latest sources, most latest
2 Survey / Info. reference latest
Collection
Completion of Completed less Completed around Completed around Completed more
Target as per than 50% 50 to 60% 60 to 80% than 80 %
3
Project
Proposal
Sample Size small, Sufficient and Sufficient and Enough data
data neither appropriate sample, appropriate sample, collected by sufficient
organized nor enough data enough data & appropriate sample
presented well generated but not generated which is size. Proper
Analysis of
organized & not organized and inferences drawn by
4 Data and presented well. No or presented well but organizing and
Representation poor inferences poor inferences presenting data
drawn drawn through tables, charts
and graphs

Incomplete Just assembled/ Well assembled/ Well assembled/

fabrication/assembl fabricated and parts are fabricated with proper fabricated with proper
Quality of y not functioning well. Not functioning parts. In functioning parts. In
in proper shape, proper shape, within proper shape, within
Prototype / dimensions beyond tolerance dimensions tolerance dimensions
5 Model / tolerance limit. and good finish/ and good finish/
Software Appearance/finish is appearance. But no appearance. Creativity
shabby creativity in design & in design & use of
use of material material

Very short, poor Nearly sufficient and Detailed, correct and Very detailed,
quality sketches, correct details about clear description of correct, clear
details about methods, material, methods, materials, description of
precautions and
methods, material, precautions and methods, materials,
Report conclusion, but clarity is
6 precaution & conclu not there in present- Conclusions. precautions and
Preparation sions omitted, some ation. But not enough Sufficient Graphic conclusions. Enough
details are wrong graphic description Description. tables, charts and
sketches

7 Presentation Major information is Includes major Includes major Well organized,

not included, information but not information and well includes major

Civil Engineering Dept. -13- R. C. Patel Polytechnic

 Classification of soil as per IS provision

S Characteristic Poor Average Good Excellent

N to be assessed ( Marks 1-3 ) ( Marks 4-5 ) ( Marks 6-8 ) ( Marks 9-10 )
information is not well organized and organized but not information ,well
well organized not presented well presented well presented
Any other
(depending upon
nature of
8 project: please
write indicators
by pen)
Could not reply to Replied to Replied properly to Replied most of the
considerable considerable number considerable number questions properly
9 Defense number of question of questions but not of question
very properly

Name & Signature of Project Guide

Prof. G.B.G

Civil Engineering Dept. -14- R. C. Patel Polytechnic