DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 1

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Properties of determinants (a) D (b) 5 D
(c) 25 D (d) 125 D
2 1 0 2 2 0 Ans. (d)
1. If P = 3 1 2 , then 9 6 6 is equal to
5 2 3 5 4 3 a1 b1 c1
Sol. Let D = a2 b2 c2
(a) 2P (b) 3P a3 b3 c3
(c) 5P (d) 6P
Ans. (d) 5a1 5b1 5c1
D ' = 5a2 5b2 5c2 = 125D
2 1 0
5a3 5b3 5c3
Sol. P = 3 1 2 = 2 3 - 4 - 1 9 - 10 = -2 + 1 = -1
5 2 3
18 40 89
4. D = 40 89 198 is equal to
2 2 0 1 1 0
let x = p 9 6 6 = 2 ´ 3 3 2 2
89 198 440
5 4 3 5 4 3
(a) 1 (b) – 1
= 6 [1(6–8) –1 (9–10)] (c) zero (d) 2
= 6 [–2 + 1] = 6 (-1) = 6P Ans. (b)

Þ x = 6P
18 40 89
æ R ö
Sol. R 3 ® R 3 - ç 2R 2 + 1 ÷ = 40 89 198
11 12 13 è 2 ø
0 0 -0.5
2. 12 13 14 is equal to
13 14 15
1
=- 18 ´ 89 - 40 ´ 40 = -1
(a) 1 (b) 0 2
(c) –1 (d) 67
1 w w2
Ans. (b)
2
5. The value of w w 1 , w being a cube root of unity, is
11 12 13 w2 1 w
Sol. 12 13 14
13 14 15 (a) 0 (b) 1

(c) w2 (d) w
C2 ® C2 – C1, C3 ® C3 – C1
Ans. (a)
11 1 2 11 1 1
= 12 1 2 = 2 12 1 1 1 w w2
13 1 2 13 1 1 Sol. D = w w2 1
2
w 1 w
= 0 {Q two columns are identical.}
3. If every element of a third order determinant of value D is R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3
multiplied by 5, then the value of new determinant is
 2 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

1 + w + w2 1 + w + w2 1 + w + w2 a b g
ÞD= w w2 1 b g a
2 g a b
w 1 w

C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C3
As we know 1 + w + w2 = 0

Þ D=0 a+b+ g b g 0 b g
a+b+ g g a = 0 g a =0
0 p-q a-b a+b+ g a b 0 a b
6. D = q-p 0 x - y is equal to
8. Given a, b, c are in A.P. Then determinant
b-a y-x 0
x +1 x + 2 x + a
(a) 0 (b) a + b
x + 2 x + 3 x + b in its simplied form is :
(c) x + y (d) p + q
x +3 x +4 x +c
Ans. (a)
(a) x3 + 3ax + 7c (b) 0
0 p -q a -b
(c) 15 (d) 10x2 + 5x + 2c
Sol. D = q - b 0 x- y
Ans. (b)
b-a y-x 0
Sol. Q a,b,c are in A.P..
Þ 2b = a + c
0 q -b b-a
T
D = p-q 0 y - x = -D x +1 x + 2 x + a
a -b x - y 0 x+2 x+3 x+b
x+3 x+4 x+c
Q DT = D
R1 ® R1 + R3 – 2R2
Þ D = -D
0 0 0
Þ D = 0.
Þ x+ 2 x+3 x+b = 0
3
7. If a, b & g are the roots of the equation x + px + q = 0 then x+3 x+ 4 x+c
the value of the determinant
9. If a + b + c = 0, one root of :
a b g
b g a = a-x c b
g a b c b-x a = 0 is
b a c-x
(a) p (b) q
2
(c) p – 2q (d) none (a) x = 1 (b) x = 2
2 2 2
Ans. (d) (c) x = a + b + c (d) x = 0
3
Sol. a, b and g are roots of x + px + q = 0 Ans. (d)
Þ a +b+ g = 0 Sol. given a + b + c = 0

a-x c b
c b-x a =0
b a c-x
DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 3

R1 ® R1 + R2 + R3
2(a1 + b1 + c1 ) c1 + a1 a1 + b1
a +b+c - x a +b+ c- x a +b+c - x 2(a 2 + b2 + c 2 ) c 2 + a 2 a 2 + b2
Þ c b-x a =0 2 (a 3 + b3 + c3 ) c3 + a 3 a 3 + b3
b a c-x
a1 + b1 + c1 a1 + c1 a1 + b1
-x -x -x = 2 a 2 + b 2 + c2 a 2 + c2 a 2 + b2
Þ c b-x a =0 a 3 + b 3 + c3 a 3 + b3 a 3 + b3
b a c-x
C2 ® C1 - C2 and C3 ® C1 - C3

1 1 1
a 1 + b 1 + c1 b1 c1
Þ -x c b - x a =0
= 2 a 2 + b2 + c2 b2 c2
b a c-x
a 3 + b3 + c3 b3 c3
C2 ® C2 – C1, C3 ® C3 – C1
C1 ® C1 - C2 - C3
1 0 0
Þ -x c b - c - x a -c = 0 a1 b1 c1
b a-b c -b- x = 2 a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3
Þ (–x) [(b - c - x) (c - b -x) - (a-b) (a-c)] = 0
Þ (–x) [bc - b2 - bx - c2 + bc + cx – cx
+ bx +x2 – a2 + ac + ab - bc] = 0 r 2r - 1 3r - 2
Þ (–x) [x2 – (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab - bc - ac)] = 0 11. If n then the
n -1 a ,
2
Þ x = 0 or x = ± a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac 1
n n -1 n -1
2 1
n - 1 3n + 4
2 2
b1 + c1 c1 + a1 a1 + b1
10. The determinant b + c n -1
c2 + a 2 a 2 + b2 =
2 2
value of å Dr :
b 3 + c3 c3 + a 3 a 3 + b3 r =1

(a) depends only on a

a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 (b) depends only on n
(a) a 2 b2 c2 (b) 2 a 2 b2 c2 (c) depends both on a and n
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 (d) is independent of both a and n.
Ans. (d)
a1 b1 c1
n -1 n n -1
(c) 3 a 2 b2 c2 (d) none of these Sol. år =
r =1 2
a3 b3 c3
n -1
Ans. (b) 2
å 2r - 1 = n - 1
r =1
Sol. C1 ® C1 + C 2 + C3
n -1
å 3r - 2 = 1 + 4 + ......(n - 1) terms
r =1
 4 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

(c) either |A| = 0 or |B| = 0

n -1
= é 2 + n - 2 - 3ùû
2 ë (d) A = O or B = O
Ans. (c)
1 Sol. AB = 0 does not imply A = 0 or B = 0
= n - 1 3n - 4
2
|AB| = 0 Þ |A| |B| = 0 Þ |A| = 0 or |B| = 0
14. If X and Y two matrices are such that

år å 2r - 1 å 3r - 2 é 3 2ù é1 -2ù
X-Y = ê ú and X + Y = ê ú then Y is given by
n -1
n ë -1 0 û ë3 4 û
å Dr = 2
n -1 a
r =1
n n -1 2 n - 1 3n - 4 é2 0 ù é -1 -2ù
n -1 (a) ê 1 2 ú (b) ê 3 4 ú
2 2 ë û ë û

é -1 -2 ù
(c) ê ú (d) None of these
n n -1 2 n - 1 3n - 4 ë2 2û
n -1
2 2 Ans. (c)
n
= n -1 a
2 é 3 2ù
n n -1 n - 1 3n - 4 Sol. X - Y = ê -1 0 ú ...(i)
2 ë û
n -1
2 2
é1 -2 ù
X+Y = ê ú ...(ii)
ë3 4 û
Q R1 = R 3
Equation (ii) – Equation (i)
=0

Algebra of matrices é1 - 2 ù é 3 2 ù é -2 -4 ù
Þ 2y = ê ú -ê ú ,2y = ê ú
ë3 4 û ë -1 0û ë4 4û
12. A matrix A = [ai j] of order 2 × 3 whose elements are such that
ai j = i + j is - é -1 -2 ù
ÞY=ê ú
é 2 3 4ù é 2 3 4ù ë2 2û
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë3 4 5û ë5 4 3û
é 7 4ù é1 2 ù
15. If A + B = ê ú and A - B = ê ú then the value of A
é2 3 4 ù ë8 9 û ë0 3 û
(c) ê ú (d) none of these is-
ë5 5 3 û
Ans. (a) é3 1ù é 4 3ù
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë 4 3û ë4 6û
Sol. A = éëa ij ùû
2´3

éa a12 a13 ù é6 2ù é7 6ù
= ê 11 (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
ú ë8 6 û ë8 6û
ëa 21 a 22 a 23 û
Ans. (b)
é1 + 1 1 + 2 1 + 3 ù é 2 3 4 ù
ê 2 + 1 2 + 2 2 + 3ú = ê 3 4 5 ú é1 1 ù é7 4ù
ë û ë û Sol. A - B = ê ú ...(ii) and A + B = ê ú ...(i)
ë 0 3û ë8 9 û
13. If A and B are 3 × 3 matrices, then AB = O implies :
Adding equation (i) and equation (ii)
(a) A = O and B = O
(b) |A| = 0 and |B| = 0
 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 5

é8 6 ù é4 3ù é2 3 1 ù é x ù
2A = ê ú ; A=ê ú
ë8 12û ë4 6û 19. If [1 x 2] ê 0 4 2ú ê 1 ú = O, then the value of x is
ê ú ê ú
16. If A = [aij] is a square matrix of order n × n and k is a scalar, êë 0 3 2úû êë -1úû
then | kA | =
(a) –1 (b) 0
(a) kn | A | (b) k | A |
(c) 1 (d) 2
(c) kn–1 | A | (d) none of these
Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)
Sol. By property |KA| = kn|A| é2 3 1 ù é x ù
17. If A, B, C are matrices of order 1 × 3, 3 × 3 and 3 × 1 Sol. 1´ 2 1´3 êê 0 4 2 úú êê 1 úú = 0
respectively, the order of ABC will be - êë 0 3 2 úû3´3 êë -1úû 3´1
(a) 3 × 3 (b) 1 × 3
(c) 1 × 1 (d) 3 × 1
éxù
Ans. (c) 2 9 + 4x 5 + 2x 1´3 êê 1 úú = 0
Sol. A1´3 B3´3 C3´1 ëê -1ûú
For AB, columns in A = Rows in B
Þ 2x + 9 + 4x - 5 - 2x = 0
AB Þ 1×3 = 3×3
Þ 4x = -4 Þ x = -1
Þ AB 1´3
é1 2ù é x ù é 5ù
ABC Þ 1×3 = 3×1 20. If ê ú ê ú = ê ú then
ë2 1 û ë y û ë4û
Þ ABC 1´1
(a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 2
Þ Order of ABC is 1´1 (c) x = 3, y = 2 (d) x = 2, y = 3
Ans. (b)
éa h g ù éx ù
18. The order of [xyz] êêh b f úú êê y úú is é1 2ù é x ù é 5 ù
Sol. ê 2 1 ú ê y ú = ê 4 ú
êëg f c úû êë z úû ë ûë û ë û

(a) 3 × 1 (b) 1 × 1 é x + 2y ù é 5 ù
ê 2x + y ú = ê 4ú
(c) 1 × 3 (d) 3 × 3 ë û ë û
Ans. (b) Solving we get x = 1, y = 2

éa h gù éxù é -1 2 ù 2
21. If A = ê ú then element a21 of A is -
Sol. xyz 1´3 êê h b f úú êê y úú ë 3 -4 û
êë g f c úû 3´3 êëz úû 3´1
(a) 22 (b) –15
(c) –10 (d) 7
éxù Ans. (b)
multiplied by êê y úú
1424 3
order =1´3 êë z úû
3´1

Þ order = 1 ´1
 6 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

é-1 2 ù é-1 2 ù é 7 -10ù éa11 a12 ù é0 1 ù 4

A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú=ê ú 24. If A = ê ú , the A =
ë 3 -4û ë 3 -4û ë-15 22 û ëa21 a22 û ë 1 0 û
Sol.
Þ a21 = -15
é1 0 ù é1 1 ù
(a) ê0 1 ú (b) ê0 0ú
é cos q sin q ù ë û ë û
22. If E q = ê ú , then value of E (a) . E (b) is -
ë - sin q cos qû
é0 0 ù é0 1 ù
(a) E (0°) (b) E (90°) (c) ê ú (d) ê ú
ë1 1 û ë1 0û
(c) E (a + b) (d) E (a – b)
Ans. (a)
Ans. (c)
é0 1 ù
é cos q sin q ù Sol. A = ê ú
Sol. E q = ê ú ë1 0 û
ë - sin q cos q û
é 0 1 ù é 0 1 ù é1 0 ù
é cos a sin a ù é cos b sin b ù A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú=I
E a E b =ê úê ú ë1 0 û ë1 0 û ë 0 1 û
ë - sin a cos a û ë - sin b cos bû
é1 0 ù
é cos a cos b - sin a sin b cos a sin b + cos b sin a ù Þ A4 = A2 . A2 = I 2 = I = ê ú
=ê ú ë0 1 û
ë - sin a cos b - cos a sin b - sin a sin b + cos a cos bû
é p qù é r sù
cos (a + b) sin (a + b) 25. If A = ê ú , B=ê ú then
= ë -q p û ë -s r û
- sin (a + b) cos a + b
(a) AB = BA (b) AB ¹ BA
= E a +b (c) AB = – BA (d) none of these
Ans. (a)
é0 1 1ù é x ù
23. The root of the equation x 1 2 ê1 0 1 ú ê -1ú = O is é p qù é r sù
ê úê ú Sol. A = ê ú , B= ê ú
êë1 1 0úû êë 1 úû ë -q p û ë -s r û

(a) 1/3 (b) -1/3 é p q ù é r s ù é pr - qs ps + qr ù

AB = ê ú ê ú =ê ú
(c) 0 (d) 1 ë -q p û ë -s r û ë -qr - ps -qs + pr û
Ans. (a)
é r s ù é p q ù é pr - qs ps + qr ù
BA = ê ú ê ú =ê ú = AB
é0 1 1 ù é x ù ë -s r û ë -q p û ë -qr - ps -qs + pr û
Sol. x 1 2 1´3 êê1 0 1 úú êê -1úú = 0
êë1 1 0 úû 3´3 êë 1 úû 3´1 é0 1 ù
26. If A = ê ú and a and b are arbitrary constants then
ë0 0 û
(aI + bA)2 =
éxù
(a) a 2I + abA (b) a2I + 2abA
3 x + 2 x + 1 êê -1úú = 0
êë 1 úû (c) a2I+b 2A (d) none of these
Ans. (b)
3x – (x + 2) + x + 1 = 0
é0 1ù é0 1 ù é0 1 ù é0 0ù
Sol. A = ê ú Þ A2 = ê úê ú=ê
x=
1 ë0 0û ë0 0û ë0 0û ë0 0 úû
3
 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 7

Þ A2 = 0
é 2 -7 ù
AT = ê ú
Now, aI + bA
2
= a 2 I + 2abIA + b 2 A2 ë -1 4 û
é4 7 ù
BT = ê ú
= a 2 I + 2abIA ë1 2û
Q A2 = 0 é1 0 ù
BT A T = ê ú
ë0 1 û

é1 2 ù é3 4 ù
27. If A = ê ú and B = ê T
ú then (AB) equals -
ë3 0 û ë1 6 û é1 2 ù é3 4 ù
29. If A = ê ú ; B=ê ú then which of the following
ë3 0 û ë1 6 û
é5 16 ù é5 9ù
(a) ê (b) ê ú statements is true -
ú
ë9 16 û ë16 12û
(a) AB = BA (b) A2 = B

é5 9 ù T é5 9ù
(c) ê ú (d) none of these (c) AB =ê ú (d) none of these
ë4 3û ë16 12 û
Ans. (b) Ans. (c)

é1 2 ù é3 4 ù é1 2 ù é3 4 ù
Sol. A = ê ú and B = ê ú Sol. A = ê ú ; B = ê1 6 ú
ë3 0 û ë1 6 û ë 3 0 û ë û

é5 16 ù é1 2 ù é3 4 ù é5 16 ù
AB = ê AB = ê
ú
ë9 12 û úê ú=ê ú
ë3 0 û ë1 6 û ë9 12û

T é5 9ù é5 9ù
AB =ê ú (AB)T = ê ú
ë16 12 û ë16 12 û

é 2 -1ù é4 1 ù T T é1 0ù é1 0ù
28. If A = ê
- 7 4 ú and B = ê7 2 ú then B A is equal to – 30. If A = ê ú and I = ê ú, then which one of the
ë û ë û ë1 1û ë0 1 û
following holds for all n ³ 1, by the principle of mathematical
é1 0ù é1 1ù induction ?
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë0 1 û ë1 1û (a) An = 2n–1 A – (n – 1) I
(b) An = nA – (n – 1) I
é0 1 ù é1 0 ù
(c) ê1 0 ú (d) ê 0 0 ú (c) An = 2n–1 A + (n – 1) I
ë û ë û
(d) An = nA + (n – 1) I
Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
é 2 -1ù é4 1ù
Sol. A = ê ú and B = ê ú é1 0 ù
ë -7 4 û ë7 2û Sol. A=ê ú
ë1 1 û
(AB)T = BT AT
é 1 0 ù 3 é1 0ù é1 0ù
\ A2 = ê ú ,A = ê ú Þ so A n = ê ú
ë2 1û ë3 1 û ën 1 û
 8 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

(a) 0 for some i (b) 0 for all i = 1, 2, ...... n

én 0 ù én - 1 0 ù
And nA – (n – 1) I = ê ú -ê (c) 1 for some i (d) 1 for all i = 1, 2, ......, n.
ën nû ë 0 n - 1úû
Ans. (b)
é1 0 ù n Sol. In a skew-symmetric matrix all diagonal elements are zero.
=ê ú=A
ë0 1 û Þ aii = 0 for all i

Type of matrices é0 5 -7 ù
34. Matrix ê -5 0 11 úú is a -
ê
31. In the following, singular matrix is -
ëê 7 -11 0 úû
é 2 3ù é3 2ù
(a) ê 1 3ú (b) ê 2 3 ú (a) diagonal matrix (b) upper triangular matrix
ë û ë û
(c) skew–symmetric matrix (d) symmetric matrix
é1 2 ù é2 6 ù Ans. (c)
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú
ë1 0 û ë 4 12 û
é0 5 -7 ù
Ans. (d) ê -5 0 11 ú ® Clearly this is skew symmetric matrix
Sol. ê ú
é 2 3ù êë 7 -11 0 úû
Sol. ê 1 3ú = A Þ | A | ¹ 0
ë û
(Q Diagonal elements are zero)
é3 2ù 35. If A and B are square matrices of same order, then which of
ê2 3ú = B Þ | B | ¹ 0
ë û the following is skew–symmetric –

é1 2 ù A + AT AT + BT
(a) (b)
ê1 0 ú = C Þ | C | ¹ 0 2 2
ë û

A T - BT B - BT
é2 6 ù (c) (d)
ê4 12ú = D Þ| D| = 0 is Singular matrix 2 2
ë û
Ans. (d)
é1 -3 2ù æ B - BT ö æ BT - B ö
T
32. If A = êê 2 k 5 úú is a singular matrix, then k is equal to Sol. Since B = -B, çç ÷÷ = - çç ÷÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
êë 4 2 1 úû
B - BT
(a) –1 (b) 8 Clearly is skew symmetric
2
(c) 4 (d) –8
36. If A is symmetric as well as skew symmetric matrix, then -
Ans. (d)
(a) A is a diagonal matrix (b) A is a null matrix
é1 -3 2 ù (c) A is a unit matrix (d) A is a triangular matrix
ê ú
Sol. A = ê 2 k 5 ú Ans. (b)
êë 4 2 1 úû Sol. Since AT = A (Symmetric)
& AT = - A (Skew Symmetric)
Singular means | A | = 0
Only possible if A is null matrix
| A | = 1 (k – 10) + 3(2 – 20) + 2(4 – 4k)
0 = k – 10 + 6 – 60 + 8 – 8k é -1 7 ù
37. If A = ê ú , then skew–symmetric part of A is –
k=–8 ë 2 3û
33. If A = [ aij] is a skew-symmetric matrix of order n, then
aii =
 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 9

é -1 9 / 2 ù é -0 -5 / 2 ù é 14 -4 -22ù
(a) ê -9 / 2 3 ú (b) ê5 / 2 0 úû
ë û ë Þ Adj A = êê -4 -22 14 úú
êë-22 14 -4 úû
é -1 -9 / 2 ù é 0 5 / 2ù
(c) ê9 / 2 3 úû (d) ê -5 / 2 0 ú
ë ë û
é1 2 3 ù
Ans. (d)
39. If A = êê5 0 4 úú then adj A is equal to -
é -1 7 ù êë 2 6 7 úû
Sol. A = ê 2 3 ú
ë û
é -24 4 8 ù é-24 4 8 ù
A - AT ê 4 1 2 ú ê 4 1 11 úú
skew symmetric part (a) ê ú (b) ê
2 êë 8 11 -11úû êë 30 -2 -10úû

é-1 2ù é-1 7ù é-1 2ù é0 5ù

AT = ê T
ú Þ A - A = ê2 3ú - ê7 3 ú = ê-5 0ú
ë 7 3û ë û ë û ë û é -24 4 8 ù
(c) -27 1 11 ú
ê (d) none of these
ê ú
5ù
êë 30 -2 -10 úû
é
ê 0
2ú
T
A- A
Þ Þê ú Ans. (c)
2 ê- 5 0 ú
êë 2 úû
é - 24 - 27 30 ù
Sol. Co factor of A = êê 4 1 - 2 úú
Adjoint of matrix and its properties
ëê 8 11 - 10 ûú

é1 3 5 ù adj A = Transpose of cofactor of A

38. If A = êê3 5 1 úú , then adj. A is equal to -
êë5 1 3úû é -24 4 8 ù
Þ adj A = êê-27 1 11 úú
êë 30 -2 -10 úû
é 14 -4 -22ù é -14 4 22 ù
ê ú ê 4 22 -14úú
(a) ê -4 -22 14 ú (b) ê
ëê 22 -14 4 ûú é1 2 3 ù
êë -22 14 -4 úû
40. If A = êê0 3 1 úú , then A (adj A) equals -
êë 2 1 2 úû
é 14 4 -22ù
ê 4 -22 -14ú
(c) ê ú (d) none of these
êë -22 -14 -4 úû é9 0 0ù é9 0 0ù
ê ú
(a) ê0 9 0ú (b) - ê0 9 0ú
ê ú
Ans. (a) êë0 0 9úû êë0 0 9úû

é1 3 5 ù
Sol. A = êê3 5 1 úú é0 0 9ù
ê ú
êë5 1 3úû (c) ê0 9 0ú (d) none of these
êë9 0 0úû
For adjoint we first calculate cofactors and then take its
Ans. (b)
T
é 14 -4 -22ù Sol. A(adj A) = |A| I ; | A | = (5) - 2 (-2) + 3 ( -6) = - 9
Transpose of Cofactor of A = êê -4 -22 14 úú
|A| = –9
êë -22 14 -4 úû
 10 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

é1 0 0 ù é9 0 0ù 1
(c) A (d) A
A(adjA) = -9 ê 0 1 0 ú = - êê0 9 0úú
ê ú 2
êë 0 0 1 úû êë 0 0 9 úû Ans. (d)

41. If A is an invertible matrix of order n, then the determinant of é2 3 ù

Sol. A = ê ú
Adj. A = ë 5 -2 û
(a) |A|n (b) |A|n + 1 |A| = –4 – 15 = –19
(c) |A|n–1 (d) |A|n + 2
é-2 -3ù
Ans. (c) Adj A = ê
ë -5 2 úû
Sol. We know A[Adj (A)] = |A| In
Þ |A [Adj (A)]| = ||A| In|
é -2 -3ù é2 3 ù
Þ |A| |Adj (A)| = |A|n Adj A ê -5 2 ú ê 5 -2 ú
A -1 = =ë û= ë û
Þ |Adj (A)| = |A|n-1 | A| -19 19

Inverse of a matrix and Its properties Þ 19A–1 = A.

42. If A and B are invertible matrices of the order n, then -1

é - 6 5ù
(AB)–1 is equal to 45. ê- 7 6ú =
ë û
(a) AB–1 (b) A–1B
(c) B–1A–1 (d) A–1B–1 é - 6 5ù é 6 - 5ù
Ans. (c) (a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ë - 7 6û ë- 7 6 û
Sol. By property of inverse
(AB)–1 = B–1 A–1 é6 5ù é6 - 5 ù
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú
43. If A2 – A + I = 0, then the inverse of A is ë7 6û ë7 - 6 û
(a) A (b) A + I Ans. (a)
(c) I – A (d) A – I
é -6 5 ù
Ans. (c) Sol. A = ê ú
ë -7 6 û
Sol. A2 – A + I = 0 Þ I = A – A . A
IA–1 = AA-1 – A(AA–1) é 6 -5 ù
AdjA = ê ú
–1
Þ A = I–A ë7 -6 û

é2 3 ù |A| = –36 + 35 = –1
–1
44. If A = ê ú , then 19 A is equal to
ë 5 -2 û
é 6 -5 ù
ê ú
(a) A’ (b) 2A AdjA ë 7 -6 û é -6 5ù
A-1 = = =ê ú
| A| -1 ë -7 6û

é 2 -3 ù
46. Inverse matrix of ê ú is -
ë -4 2 û
 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 11

1 é 2 3ù 1 é 2 4ù é1 2 ù é1 0ù
(a) - ê ú (b) - ê 48. If A = ê ú , B=ê ú and X is a matrix such that
8 ë 4 2û 8 ë 3 2 úû ë3 -5û ë0 2û
A = BX, then X equals -
1 é2 3ù é2 3ù
(c) ê 4 2 ú (d) ê 4 2 ú 1 é -2 4 ù 1 é2 4 ù
8ë û ë û (a) (b)
2 êë 3 5 úû 2 êë3 -5úû
Ans. (a)

é 2 -3ù é2 4 ù
Sol. Inverse of ê -1 (c) ê ú (d) none of these
- 4 2 ú=A ë 3 -5 û
ë û
Ans. (b)
-1 1 1 é2 3ù
ÞA =- adj A = - ê ú
det A 8 ë4 2û é1 2 ù é1 0ù
Sol. A = ê ú and B = ê ú
ë3 -5 û ë0 2û
é0 1ù
é 0 -1 2 ù ê ú A = BX B–1 A = X
–1
47. If A = ê ú , B = ê1 0ú and M = AB, then M is
ë 2 -2 0 û ê1 1ú 1 é2 0ù
ë û B -1 =
2 êë 0 1 úû
equal to –
1 é 2 0ù é1 2 ù 1 é 2 4 ù
é 2 -2 ù é 1/ 3 1/ 3 ù B -1 A = =
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú 2 êë 0 1 úû êë3 -5úû 2 êë 3 -5úû
ë2 1 û ë -1/ 3 1/ 6 û

é 1/ 3 -1/ 3ù é l -1 4ù
é1/ 3 -1/ 3ù
(c) ê ú (d) ê ú 49. Matrix êê -3 0 1úú is not invertible if -
ë1/ 3 1/ 6 û ë -1/ 3 1/ 6 û
êë -1 1 2úû
Ans. (c)
(a) l = – 15 (b) l = – 17
é0 1ù (c) l = – 16 (d) l = – 18
é 0 -1 2 ù ê ú
Sol. A = ê ú and B = ê1 0 ú Ans. (b)
ë 2 -2 0 û ê1 1 ú
ë û
é l -1 4 ù
A = ê-3 0 1 ú
é0 1ù
Sol. ê ú is not invertible if | A| = 0
é 0 -1 2 ù ê é 1 2ù êë -1 1 2úû
M = AB = ê ú ê 1 0úú = ê ú
ë 2 -2 0 û 2´3 ê ë -2 2 û 2´2
ë1 1ûú 3´2 | A |= l (-1) + 1[ -6 + 1] + 4[-3] = 0

é1 1ù
- ú -l - 5 - 12 = 0
1 é 2 -2 ù ê 3 3
M -1 = (AB) -1 = ê ú =ê ú
6 ë +2 1 û ê 1 1 ú l = -17
êë 3 6 úû
é1 0 ù
50. If A = ê –n
ú then A is equal to -
ë1 1 û
 12 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

é1 0ù é1 0ù 1 q q
B -1 = adj B ; | B |= 1 + tan 2 = Sec 2
(a) ê n 1 ú (b) ê- n -1ú |B| 2 2
ë û ë û

é1 qù é1 qù
é 1 0ù 1 ê - tan ú 2 q - tan ú
(c) ê -n 1 ú (d) none of these So, B-1 = q 2 = cos ê q 2
ë û 2 q ê tan ú 2 ê tan ú
sec 1 û 1
2ë 2 ë 2 û
Ans. (c)
é q q qù
é1 0 ù é1 q ù cos2 - sin cos ú
Sol. A = ê1 1 ú Here, AB
-1
= ê q - tan ú ê 2 2 2
ë û ê tan 2 ê q q q úú
ë 2 1 úû êSin cos cos 2
ëê 2 2 2 ûú
é 1 0ù
| A |= 1 Adj A = ê ú
ë -1 1 û é 2q 2 q q qù
ê cos 2 - sin 2 -2 sin 2 cos 2 ú
AdjA é 1 0 ù Þ AB-1 =ê ú
A -1
= =ê ú ê 2 sin q cos q cos 2 q
- sin
qú
| A | ë -1 1 û êë 2 2 2 2 úû
We know A–n = (A–1)n
é æqö æ q öù
é 1 0ù é 1 0 ù é 1 0 ù êcos 2 ç 2 ÷ - sin 2 ç 2 ÷ ú
A -2 = ê úê ú=ê ú è ø è øú
ë -1 1 û ë -1 1 û ë -2 1 û =ê
ê æqö æqö ú
êsin 2 ç ÷ cos 2 ç ÷ ú
ë è2ø è2ø û
é 1 0ù é 1 0ù é 1 0ù
A -3 = ê úê ú=ê ú
ë -2 1 û ë -1 1 û ë -3 1 û
é cos q - sin q ù
=ê ú ( Q using cos 2θ & sin 2θ)
-n é 1 0ù ësin q cos q û
Similarly A =ê ú
ë-n 1 û
Consistency of simultaneous Equations
-1
é 1 - tan q / 2 ù é 1 tan q / 2 ù 52. The system of linear equations x + y +z = 2, 2x + y – z = 3, 3x
51. ê tan q / 2 ú ê - tan q / 2 is equal to
ë 1 ûë 1 úû + 2y + kz = 4 has a unique solution if
(a) k ¹ 0 (b) –1 < k < 1
é sin q - cos q ù é cos q sin q ù (b) –2 < k < 2 (d) k = 0
(a) ê ú (b) ê ú
ëcos q sin q û ë - sin q cos qû Ans. (a)
écos q - sin q ù Sol. For unique solution D ¹ 0
(c) ê sin q cos q ú (d) none of these
ë û
1 1 1
Ans. (c) 2 1 -1 ¹ 0
3 2 k
-1
é qù é qù
ê 1 - tan ú ê 1
2
tan ú
2 -1 Þ 1 (K + 2) –1 (2K + 3) + 1 (4 – 3) ¹ 0
Sol. ê úê ú ÞA B
ê tan q 1 ú ê - tan
q
1 ú Þ K + 2 – 2K – 3 +1 ¹ 0
êë 2 úû êë 2 úû
Þ K¹0
 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 13

53. If the system of equations x + y + z = 6, x + 2y + 3z = 10 and 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3

x + 2y + l z = m has no solution, then the values of l and m are 3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
(a) l = 3, m = 10 (b) l = 3, m ¹ 10 The system has
(c) l ¹ 3, m = 10 (d) l ¹ 3, m ¹ 10 (a) Infinite number of solutions
Ans. (b) (b) Exactly 3 solutions
Sol. For no solution D = 0 & atleast one of D1, D2, D3 ¹ 0 (c) A unique solution
(d) No solution
1 1 1
D=0Þ 1 2 3 =0 Ans. (d)
1 2 l Sol. x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3
3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
Þ 1 (2l – 6) –1 (l – 3) + 1 (2 – 2) = 0 A quick observation tells us that the sum of first two
Þ 2l – 6 – l + 3 = 0 Þ l = 3 equations yields
(x1 + 2x2 + x3) + (2x1 + 3x2 + x3) = 3 + 3
6 1 1
Þ 3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 6
D1 ¹ 0 Þ 10 2 3 ¹ 0
But this contradicts the third equation, i.e. 3x1+ 5x2+ 2x3= 1
m 2 3
As such the system is inconsistent and hence it has no
Þ 6 (6 – 6) –1 (30 – 3m) + 1 (20 – 2m) ¹ 0 solution.
56. If the trivial solution is the only solution of the system of
Þ 3m – 30 + 20 – 2m ¹ 0
equations
Þ m ¹ 10
x – ky + z = 0
54. Consider the system of equations a1x + b1y + c1z = 0, a2x
kx + 3y – kz = 0
+ b2y + c2z = 0, a3x + b3y + c3z = 0 if
3x + y – z = 0
a1 b1 c1 Then, the set of all values of k is
a2 b2 c 2 = 0, then the system has (a) {2, –3} (b) R – {2, –3}
a3 b3 c3 (c) R – {2} (d) R – {–3}
Ans. (b)
(a) more than two solutions
Sol. x – ky + z = 0 kx + 3y – zk = 0
(b) only non trivial solutions
3x + y– z = 0
(c) no solution
Thus above system of equations will have non trivial
(d) only trivial solution (0, 0,0).
solution if
Ans. (a)

Sol. Q D1 = D 2 = D 3 = 0 1 -k 1
k 3 -k = 0
Þ k = –3, 2
Dx = Dy = Dz = 0 and given that D = 0 3 1 -1
Þ System will have more than two solutions.
Þ system will have only trivial solution for
55. Consider the system of linear equations
k Î R - {-3, 2}
x1 + 2x2 +x3 = 3
57. The number of values of k, for which the system of
 14 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

equations Q D1 = D 2 = D 3 = 0
(k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
Þ for non-trivial solutions D = 0
kx + (k + 3) y = 3k – 1
has no solution, is a -1 -1 -1
(a) infinite (b) 1 Þ 1 - b -1 1 =0
(c) 2 (d) 3 1 1 - c -1
Ans. (b)
Þ a - 1 éë b - 1 c - 1 - 1ùû + 1 1 - c - 1 - 1 1 + b - 1 = 0
k +1 8 ù é x ù é 4k ù
Sol. The system of equations is é =
ê k k + 3úû êë y úû êë3k - 1úû
ë Þ a - 1 bc - b - c - c - b = 0
for no solution of AX = B a necessary condition is Þ abc - ab - ac - bc + b + c - b - c = 0
k +1 8 59. With the help of matrices, the solution of the equations
det (A) = 0 Þ =0
k k +3 3x + y + 2z = 3, 2x – 3y – z = – 3,
x + 2y + z = 4 is given by
Þ (k + 1) (k + 3) – 8k = 0 Þ k2 + 4k + 3 – 8k = 0
(a) x = 1, y = 2, z = – 1 (b) x = – 1, y = 2, z = 1
Þ k2 – 4k + 3= 0 Þ (k – 1) (k – 3) = 0 \ k = 1, 3
(c) x = 1, y = – 2, z = – 1 (d) x = – 1, y = – 2, z = 1
For k = 1, the equation becomes
Ans. (a)
2x + 8y = 4, x + 4y = 2
Sol. Given equations
Which is just a single equation in two variables,
3x + y + 2z = 3
x + 4y = 2 has infinite solutions.
2x – 3y – z = –3
For k = 3, the equation becomes
x + 2y + z = 4
4x + 8y = 12, 3x + 6y = 8
These are parallel lines. So no solution in this case. é 3 1 2 ù é x ù é3 ù
ê 2 -3 -1ú ê y ú = ê -3ú
58. If a, b, c are non-zero real numbers and if the system of ê úê ú ê ú
equations êë1 2 1 úû êë z úû êë 4 úû
(a - 1) x = y + z,
AX = B
(b - 1) y = z + x,
Þ X = A–1 B
(c -1)z = x + y,
has a non-trivial soltuion, then ab + bc + ca equals:
é3 1 2 ù
(a) a + b + c (b) abc ê ú
New A = ê 2 -3 -1ú
(c) 1 (d) -1 êë1 2 1 úû
Ans. (b)
|A| = 3 (–3 + 2) –1 (2 + 1) + 2 (4 + 3)
Sol. (a–1) x – y –z = 0
= –3 –3 + 14 = 8
x – (b – 1) y + z = 0
x + y – (c–1) z = 0 T
é -1 -3 7 ù
Adj A = êê 3 1 -5 úú
êë 5 7 -11úû
 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 15

4x + 5y = 0
é -1 3 5 ù
ê Þ 4x = –5 y
= ê -3 1 7 úú A-1 = 1 Adj A
;
êë 7 -5 -11úû | A|
x 5
Þ =- ... (4)
y 4
é -1 3 5 ù
1ê 5
ÞA -1
= ê -3 1 7 úú Put x = - y in i
8 4
êë 7 -5 -11úû
5
- y + 3y - 2z = 0
éxù é -1 3 5 ù é3 ù 4
1
Þ êê y úú = êê -3 1 7 úú êê -3úú Þ –5y + 12y – 8z = 0
8
êë z úû êë 7 -5 -11úû êë 4 úû
y 8
Þ 7y – 8z = 0 Þ = ... (5)
z 7
é -3 - 9 + 20 ù é8 ù
1ê ú 1ê ú from (4) & (5)
= ê -9 - 3 + 28 ú = ê16 ú
8 8 x : y : z = –10 : 8 : 7
êë 21 + 15 - 44 úû êë -8 úû
x y z
Þ = = =l
é x ù é1 ù -10 8 7
Þ êê y úú = êê 2 úú Þ x = 1, y = 2, z = -1 Numerical Value Type Questions
êë z úû êë -1úû

cos 2 q cos q sin q - sin q

æ pö
60. Solution of 61. Let f ( q ) = cos q sin q sin 2 q cos q then f ç ÷ =
è6ø
x + 3y – 2z = 0 sin q - cos q 0

2x – y + 4z = 0
Ans. (1)
x – 11y + 14z = 0 is

x y z x y z cos 2 q cos q sin q - sin q

(a) = = =l (b) = = =l
8 -10 7 -10 8 7 Sol. f (q) = cos q sin q sin 2 q cos q
sin q - cos q 0
x y z
(c) = = =l (d) None of these
7 8 -10
Ans. (b)
3 3 -1
Sol. x + 3y – 2z = 0 ... (1) 4 4 2
2x – y + 4z = 0 ... (2) æpö 3 1 3
fç ÷=
x – 11y + 14z = 0 ... (3) è6ø 4 4 2
1 - 3
(i) × 2 + (2) 0
2 2
Þ 2x + 6y – 4z = 0
2x – y + 4z = 0
On adding 3 æ 3 ö 3 1 é 3 1ù 9 3 1
Now solving ç ÷ + - ê- - ú Þ + +
4 è 4 ø 16 2 ë 8 8 û 16 16 4
 16 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

9 + 7 16 R 2 ® R 2 - R1 + R 3
Þ = =1
16 16
62. If f(x) = tan x and A, B, C are the angles of D 1 1 + i + w2 w2
0 0 0 =0
f ( A) f (p / 4) f (p / 4)
-i -i + w - 1 -1
f (p / 4) f (B) f (p / 4)
f (p / 4) f (p / 4) f (C )
y+z x x
then is equal to If
65. y z+x y = k xyz , then k is equal to
Ans. (2) z z x+y

tan A 1 1 Ans. (4)

1 tan B 1
Sol.
1 1 tan C y+z x x
y x+z y = k xyz
= tan A tanB tanC - tanA - tanB - tanC + 2 Sol.
z z x+y
= 2 (Q In a DABC åtanA = PtanA)
R1 ® R1 - (R 2 + R 3 )
109 102 95
63. 6 13 20 is equal to 0 -2z -2y
1 -6 -13 y z+x y = k (xyz)
z z y+x
Ans. (0)
Calculating value of the determinant,
æ C1 + C3 ö
Sol. C 2 ® C2 - ç ÷ 0 (z + x) (y + x) - zy + 2z y 2 + xy - yz - 2y yz - zx - z2
è 2 ø Þ

= 4xyz
109 0 95
k = 4.
6 0 20 = 0
1 0 -13 3x x +1 x -1
3 2
66. If ax + bx + cx + d = x - 3 -2 x x + 2
64. If w (¹ 1) is a cube root of unity, then
x + 3 x - 4 5x
1 1 + i + w2 w2
be an identity in x, where a, b, c are constants, then the
1- i -1 w2 - 1 =
value of –d is
-i - i + w -1 -1
Ans. (6)
Ans. (0)
3x x +1 x -1
Sol. x-3 -2 x x + 2 = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
1 1 + i + w2 w2
x+3 x-4 5x
1- i -1 w2 - 1 = 0
Sol.
-i -i + w - 1 -1 Let C1 ® C1 + C2 + C3
 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 17

5x x +1 x -1 é 2 -1ù 2
68. If A = ê ú and A – 4A – nI = 0, then –n is equal to -
Þ -1 -2 x x + 2 ë - 1 2 û
7 x -1 x - 4 5x
Ans. (3)

Þ 5x é -10x 2 - x + 2 x - 4 ù é 2 -1ù
ë û Sol. A = ê ú
ë -1 2 û
- éë x + 1 -5x - x + 2 7x - 1 ùû
é 2 -1ù é 2 -1ù é 5 -4ù
A2 = ê úê ú=ê ú
+ x - 1 éë - x - 4 + 2x 7x - 1 ùû ë-1 2 û ë-1 2 û ë-4 5 û
A2 – 4A – nI = 0
Þ -5x é11x 2 + 2x - 8ù + x + 1 7x 2 + 18x - 2
ë û
é 5 -4 ù é 8 -4 ù é n 0 ù é 0 0 ù
Þê ú-ê ú-ê ú=ê ú
+ x - 1 14x 2 - 3x + 4 ë -4 5 û ë -4 8 û ë 0 n û ë 0 0 û

é -3 0 ù é n 0 ù
Þ -55x 3 - 10x 2 + 40x + 7x 3 + 18x 2 Þê ú=ê ú Þ n = -3
ë0 -3û ë 0 n û
-2x + 7x 2 + 18x - 2 + 14x 3 - 3x 2 + 4x - 14x 2 + 3x - 4
é 3 0 3ù é x ù é 8 ù é 2 y ù
Þ Value of d = -2 - 4 = -6 Þ d = -6 69. If ê 2 1 0ú ê y ú = ê 1 ú + ê z ú , then find the value of
ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
67. If l, m, n are the pth, qth and rth term of a G.P. all positive, then êë 4 0 2úû êë z úû êë 4 úû êë 3 y úû
log l p 1
y z
log m q 1 x+ +
equals 2 3
log n r 1
Ans. (3)
Ans. (0)
Sol. Let A be the first term and R be the common ratio of G.P. é 3 0 3 ù é x ù é 8 ù é 2y ù
ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
\ l = tp = ARp-1 Sol. Þ ê 2 1 0 ú ê y ú = ê 1 ú + ê z ú is equivalent to
Þ log l = log A +(p - 1) log R êë 4 0 2 úû êë z úû êë 4 úû êë3y úû

Similarly, log m = log A + (q - 1) log R

and log n = log A + (r - 1) log R é 3 -2 3 ù é x ù é 8 ù
ê 2 1 -1ú ê y ú = ê 1 ú
ê ú ê ú ê ú
log l p 1 êë 4 -3 2 úû êë z úû êë 4 úû
\ log m q 1
log n r 1 é 3 -2 3 ù
ê ú
Let A = ê 2 1 -1ú
log A + (p -1)logR p 1 êë 4 -3 2 úû
= log A + (q - 1) log R q 1
|A| = – 17 (non-zero)
log A + (r - 1)logR r 1

é -1 -5 -1ù
log A - log R p 1 p log R p 1 and, adj A = êê -8 -6 9 úú
= log A - log R q 1 + q log R q 1 ëê -10 1 7 úû
log A - log R r 1 r log R r 1
\ solution is given by
C1 » C3 , C1 » C2 = 0 + 0 = 0
 18 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

é xù é -1 -5 -1ù é 8 ù é -17 ù l 1 1
ê y ú = 1 ê -8 -6 9 ú ê 1 ú = - 1 ê -34 ú
ê ú -17 ê úê ú Dz = 1 l l = (l + 1)2 (l – 1)2
17 ê ú
êë z úû êë -10 1 7 úû êë 4 úû êë -51úû 1 1 l2

\x = 1 , y = 2, z = 3 If we have l = –2 then D = 0 & Dx, Dy, Dz ¹ 0.

70. If p and q are real so that the system of equations Hence no solution for l = –2
px + 4y + z= 0, 2y + 3z = 1 and 3x – qz = –2 has infinite 72. The system of equations kx + y + z = 1, x + ky + z = k and x +
2
solutions then 2
q –p 2
is equal to - y + kz = k have no solution if –k equals
Ans. (2)
Ans. (4)
Sol. kx + y + z = 1 x + ky + z = k
2
P 4 1 x + y + kz= k
0 2 3
Sol. D= = 0 Þ pq = 15
3 0 –q æ k 1 1 öæ x ö æ 1 ö
ç ÷ç ÷ ç ÷
ç 1 k 1 ÷ç y ÷ = ç k ÷
ç 1 1 k ÷ç z ÷ ç 2 ÷
0 4 1 è øè ø è k ø
1 2 3
D1 = =0 Þq=5 AX = B
–2 0 –q
For no solution |A| = 0 i.e. D = 0
\p=3 At least one of Dx, Dy, Dz is non zero
\ q2 – p2 = 25 – 9 = 4
æk 1 1ö
71. The system of equations lx + y + z = 1, x + ly + z = l and ç ÷
ç1 k 1÷ = 0
x + y + lz = l2 have no solution. Then the value of l4 is ç1 1 k÷
è ø
Ans. (16)
Þ k [k2 – 1] –1 [k –1] + (1 – k) = 0
l 1 1
(k – 1) [k(k + 1) – 1 – 1] = 0
D = 1 l 1 = (l + 2) (l – 1)2
(k – 1) (k + 2) (k – 1) = 0
1 1 l
k = 1, –2
For k = Dx = Dy = Dz = 0
1 1 1
Dx = l l 1 = – (l + 1) (l – 1)2, so k = –2 is solution
2
l 1 l 73. Let a, b, c be any real numbers. Suppose that there are real
numbers x, y, z not all zero such that x = cy + bz,
y = az + cx and z = bx + ay. Then a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc is equal to
l 1 1
Ans. (1)
Dy = 1 l 1 = – l(l – 1)2
Sol. System of equations
1 l2 l
x – cy – bz = 0
cx – y + az = 0
bx + ay – z = 0
Has non trivial solution if the determinant of coefficient
 DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES 19

matrix is zero |An – I| = (2n–1 – 1)2 – (2n–1)2

= 1 – 2n.
1 -c -b
Þl=2
Þ c -1 a = 0
b a -1

Þ 1(1 – a2) + c (–c – ab) – b (ca + b) = 0

Þ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 abc = 1
74. The number of values of k for which the linear equations
4x + ky + 2z =0, kx + 4y + z = 0 and 2x + 2y + z = 0 posses a
non-zero solution is
Ans. (2)
Sol. For the system to possess non-zero solution.

4 k 2
We have k 4 1 = 0
2 2 1

Which on expansion gives k2 – 6k + 8 = 0

Þ (k – 2) (k – 4) = 0.
\ k = 2, 4

é1 1ù
75. If A = ê1 1ú and det (An – I) = 1 – ln, nÎN, then l is equal
ë û
to
Ans. (2)

é1 1ù
Sol. A = ê1 1ú
ë û

é1 1ù é1 1ù é 2 2 ù
A2 = ê1 1ú ê1 1ú = ê 2 2 ú = 2A
ë û ë û ë û
Þ A3 = 2A2 = 22A
similarly A4 = 23A and so on
So An = 2 n–1A

é1 1ù
Þ An = 2n–1 ê1 1ú
ë û

é 2 n -1 - 1 2n -1 ù
An – I = ê n -1 ú
ë 2 2n -1 - 1û