Old AoPS Memorial Contest

Rules for Test-Taking

1. Do not discuss problems in this test until the deadline for submission has passed.
2. For this test, you have 45 minutes to solve 30 free response problems and 30 more minutes for one proof
problem. You must take the free response section before the proof problem.
3. You may not use leftover time from the free response section for the proof section.
4. You are permitted to use these aids: pencils, erasers, and paper. Any other aids are not allowed.
5. Once you have taken the test, you should use this Google Document to submit your answers for the Free
Response questions and select a 5 digit verification code, and Private Message your proof answer along
with the same 5 digit verification code before the deadline to the following people: phi_ftw1618,
pandabear10, and Xinyan.
6. You may not change any of your answers for any section after you have finished taking the test, with
the exception of fixing typos in your proof and adding to your proof.
7. You must type out your username at the bottom of your Private Message. Doing so signifies that you
have followed all of the above rules, including this rule. Your test won’t be graded if you do not do so.
8. The test is NOT arranged by difficulty level. The problems have been arranged randomly.

Answer Formatting
9. All fractions must be fully reduced and be expressed as an improper fraction unless otherwise stated.
10. All square roots must be fully simplified and square roots must never appear in the denominator of a
fraction unless otherwise stated.
11. Any answer that requires a dollar and cent answer must be written as , and round to the nearest cent
if needed. If the answer is a whole dollar you may answer by just the whole dollar amount. If the answer
is between $0 and $0.99, you may omit the beginning zero, so .56 is acceptable for 0.56.
12. Units are not required, but if you wish to add them, they must be correct. Incorrect units will result in
the answer being marked wrong.
13. Any rule in this section can be overwritten if the problem states otherwise.

After-Test Rules
14. After the deadline passes, the answers and solutions will be released. You will have one week to review
the answers, after which placement will be released. If you disagree with the answers, please PM one or
more of: phi_ftw1618, pandabear10, and Xinyan.
15. If your challenge is correct, we will change the answer and announce it. If not, we will not give you
credit for the problem.

Scoring
16. Each free response question is worth 3 points. The proof problem is worth up to 15 points, for a
maximum score of 105 points.
Problems are on the next
page. Do not turn to the
next page until you have
started the timer.

You have 45 minutes for

this section, the free
response question.
 Free Response Questions
1. John is running around a 2 mile circular track in one direction. His friend, Bob, is
biking around in the opposite direction. John and Bob start at the same point on the
track. John runs at 6 mph, while Bob bikes at 24 mph. They high-five every time
they pass each other. If 𝑎 represents the time it takes for John and Bob to high-five
four times in hours, and 𝑏 represents the distance in miles John runs in 𝑎 hours,
what is 𝑎 + 𝑏?
2. Bob needs to buy a pen, which costs 42 cents. He has 3 quarters, 2 dimes, 1 nickel,
and 3 pennies. The cash register has 1 dime, 3 nickels, and 3 pennies. Bob can
only get change of coins that he does not use to pay for the pen. This means that, if
he uses one or more nickels to pay for the pen, he cannot get nickels back as
change. How many ways can Bob pay for the pen?
3. A triangle has sides of lengths 37, 20, and 19. What is the radius of the incircle of
this triangle?
4. In the diagram shown, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐸𝐷𝐶 = 90∘ , ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐵 + ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 = 20, and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷 = 21.
Find ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 .

5. How many different ordered pairs of positive integers, (𝑎, 𝑏), satisfy 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎 +
2𝑏 = 106?
6. John has a 4𝑥4𝑥4 cube made up of unit cubes. An ant starts at the bottom left front
corner of the cube, and walks along the edges of the unit cube. How many ways
are there for the ant to get to the opposite corner going along only these edges,
assuming that the ant can crawl inside the cube, and the ant only goes up, right,
and back?
7. Bob has 3 coins in a basket. One will land heads with probability of 12, one will
1
land heads of the time, and one will always land heads. Bob randomly selects
3
two coins and flips them. Both come up as heads. What is the probability that
when Bob flips the coin not initially selected, that it comes up as heads?

8. Suppose that the Earth’s population at January 1, 2016 at midnight is 7.5 billion
people. If exactly 210 people are born every 30 seconds and 60 people die every
20 seconds, what will the Earth’s population be at January 1, 2017 at midnight?

9. John, James, Sam, and Bob are playing a game. There are four fair six-sided dice,
although the numbers on the faces are not labeled 1 through 6. Instead, they're
labeled as below:

Dice 𝐴: 1, 1, 7, 7, 7, 7,
Dice 𝐵: 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
Dice 𝐶: 3, 3, 3, 3, 9, 9,
Dice 𝐷: 2, 2, 2, 8, 8, 8.

After everyone receives a die, everyone will play each other 1 versus 1 six times.
This means that Bob will play Sam 6 times, James will play John 6 times, etcetera.
In each round, the player with the higher roll wins. The person with the most wins
overall wins the entire game.

John gets to pick first. Which dice should John select to have the best chance of
winning?

10. John writes the integers from −2016 to 2016 on a large whiteboard with spaces in
between each number. If digits, spaces and “−” signs are counted as characters,
how many characters in total are written?

11. Find the remainder when 20! + 19! + 18! + ⋯ + 3! + 2! + 1! is divided by 1000.
12. Angle bisectors ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝑋 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝑌 of 𝑇𝑈𝑉meet at point 𝐼. Find all possible values
of ∠𝑉 if ∠𝑇𝐼𝑈 = 144∘ .

13. Sam is making flashcards to study with for Latin, one flashcard per word. The
flashcard manufacturer is strange, as they only package flashcards in packs of 17
and 11. Sam also refuses to use only part of the flashcards in a pack, he only uses
full packs. One day the teacher assigns a lesson, and Sam is forced to use part of a
pack. What is the largest number of words that could be in that lesson?

14. John, Sam, James, and Bob like to go the local McAoPS to buy burgers. McAoPS
is nice and includes sales tax in the prices. They sell basic burgers there, and you
can add to the basic burger either an extra patty, making a double burger, or a slice
of cheese, making a cheeseburger, for a fixed price. John buys a cheeseburger for
$1.75. Bob buys a double burger and a cheeseburger for $3.55. James and Sam
order three double burgers and a basic burger for $6.40. However, James’ pet dog
invades the kitchen and eats 200 basic burgers (that have no cheese or extra
patties). How much should McAoPS charge James for the burgers his dog ate?

15. James is throwing darts at a bulls-eye. The bulls-eye is composed of 5 concentric

circles of radii 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The circle with radius 1 is worth 10 points, the area
in the circle with radius 2 but outside the circle with radius 1 is worth 5 points, and
the last three sections are worth 3, 2, and 1 by increasing size sections. What is the
probability that James scores 6 points when throwing 2 darts? Assume that James
always hits the dart board in a random location.
16. John is playing football on a large coordinate plane. He is standing at (4, 5). Bob
throws a football from (0, 0) which will land at (2, 4). The probability of John
catching the football is inversely proportional to the product of the square of the
Cartesian distance the ball has traveled and the distance he is from the landing site.
If John catches balls when he is one unit away from the landing site that have
traveled √5 units with probability 1, what is the probability of him catching the
football?
17. If there is a number 𝑎 that is written with 2016 digits in base 2, how many digits
will it need to be written in base 16?
18. A triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 has side lengths ̅̅̅̅𝐴𝐵 = 13, ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 = 14, and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 = 15. Let 𝑥 be the
product of the lengths of the three altitudes. Let 𝑦 be the product of the three side
lengths. Find √𝑥𝑦.
19. Point 𝐺 is the midpoint of median ̅̅̅̅̅𝑋𝑀 of 𝑋𝑌𝑍. Point 𝐻 is the midpoint
̅̅̅̅, and point 𝑇 is the intersection of ̅̅̅̅̅
of 𝑋𝑌 𝐻𝑀and 𝑌𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ . Find the area of 𝑀𝑇𝐺 if the
area of 𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 120.
20. Let 𝐴𝐵𝐶 have side lengths of 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ = 18, 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ = 80, and 𝐴𝐶̅̅̅̅ = 82. What is the area
of the circumcircle of 𝐴𝐵𝐶 minus the area of the incircle of 𝐴𝐵𝐶?
21. A regular 1337-gon has the property that its area is equal to its perimeter. Find the
distance between the center of the polygon and the midpoint of one of its bases.
22. Find the sum of the first string of 8 integers, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 1, 𝑎 + 2, … , 𝑎 + 7, that are all
composite.
23. In a sports game, a team can score 6, 10, or 15 points in a single round, as well as
not score at all. However, throughout the entire game, a team can lose 1 or 2
points, as well as not getting a deduction. What is the highest score that cannot be
achieved assuming there can be an infinite amount of rounds?
24. How many digits are in 2100 ?
25. John calculates 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 6 × 7 × … × 98 × 99, excluding all multiples of
5. What is the units digit of the result?
26. The sum of 𝑥 3 and −27 is equal to 37. The values of 𝑥 can be expressed in either
𝑎±𝑏𝑖√𝑐
the form 𝑘, where 𝑘 is an integer, or as , where all of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 are integers.
𝑑
Find 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑘.
27. Define a mountain number to be a number with the same starting and ending digits
and the digits always increase until a certain digit, where they then always
decrease. How many 4 digit mountain numbers are there?
28. What is the largest 𝑛 such that 6𝑛 divides 2389!?
29. If you flip a coin 10 times, what is the probability of getting exactly 5 heads and 5
tails?
30. John flips 18 coins, and records the number of heads he gets. He flips the first coin,
and gets a head. How much does the probability of John getting 16 heads increase
𝑎
after the first flip? Express your answer in the form of 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are
𝑏
𝑐
positive integers, 𝑎 and 𝑏 are relatively prime, and 𝑏 is as small as possible.
 The free response section
ends here. Do not turn the
page until you have started
the timer.
You have 30 minutes for
the final section, the proof
question.
 Proof Question
Prove that for any positive integer 𝑛, the remainders of the Fibonacci sequence when
divided by 𝑛 is recursive.