YEAR 10 MATHS – GEOMETRY & ALGEBRA

TARGET GRADE 7 OR 8
SUMMER LEARNING PROGRAMME
Contents Page

1. Volumes of Solids 2
2. Geometry Problems involving Quadratic Equations 7
3. 3D Pythagoras’ Theorem and Trigonometry 10
4. Circle Theorems (Alternate Segment Theorem) 15
5. Area and Volume of Similar Shapes 23
6. Sine and Cosine Rule 27
7. Transformation of Graphs 32
8. Other Graphs 42
9. Method of Intersections 48
10. Direct and Inverse Proportion 52
11. Vectors 55
12. Formula Sheet 61

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Volumes of Solids
1. A child’s toy is in the shape of a cone on top of a hemisphere.
The diameter of the hemisphere is 15 cm and the overall height of the toy is 26 cm.

N o t to sca le

2 6 cm

1 5 cm

Calculate the volume of this toy.

3
Answer ................................................................. cm
(5 marks)

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2. OQP is a sector of a circle of radius 15 cm.

The angle of the sector is 120°.

1 2 0° 15 cm
N o t d ra w n a ccu rately

P Q

(a) Show that the length of the arc PQ is 10 cm.

(2 marks)

The sector is folded to form a cone.

N o t to sc ale

P,Q

(b) Calculate the radius of the base of the cone.

Answer ......................................................... cm
(2 marks)

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3. The first diagram shows a cone of base radius 12 cm and perpendicular height 10 cm.

A small cone of base radius 6 cm and perpendicular height 5 cm is cut off the bottom
to leave a frustum.

The frustum has a lower radius of 6 cm, an upper radius of 12 cm and a perpendicular
height of 5 cm (see second diagram).

1 2 cm 12 cm

5 cm

6 cm 6 cm
1 0 cm

F ru stu m
5 cm

N o t to scale

Find the volume of the frustum, giving your answer in terms of .

Answer ....................................... cm 3

(4 marks)

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4. A hemispherical bowl of radius 6 cm has the same volume as a cone of perpendicular
height 27 cm.

Not drawn accurately

27 cm

6 cm

Calculate the base radius, r, of the cone.

Answer ................................................................... cm
(4 marks)

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5. Two spheres of radius 5 cm just fit inside a tube.

Calculate the volume inside the tube not filled by the spheres.

2
Answer …………………………………………….. cm
(5 marks)

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Geometry Problems involving Quadratic Equations
1. The diagrams show a rectangle and an L shape
All the angles are right angles.
All lengths are in centimetres.
The shapes are equal in area.

D ia g ram s n o t to sc ale

3x + 2
3x

x+1
y

Calculate the value of y.

Answer .................................................................. cm
(6 marks)

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2. The perimeter of a rectangle is 25 cm.
The length of the rectangle is x cm.

x cm Not to scale

(a) Write down an expression for the width of the rectangle in terms of x.

Answer ................................................................... cm
(1 mark)

2
(b) The area of the rectangle is 38 cm .
2
Show that 2x – 25x + 76 = 0

(2 marks)

3. A rectangle has length (x + 5) cm and width (x – 2) cm.

A triangle has base (x + 8) cm and height x cm.

N o t to scale
x cm
( x – 2) c m

(x + 5) cm ( x + 8 ) cm

The area of the rectangle is equal to the area of the triangle.

2
Show that x – 2x – 20 = 0 (You are not required to solve this equation.)

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 (4 marks)
4.

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3D Pythagoras and Trigonometry
1. The diagram shows a cuboid.
AB = 3 cm, AE = 4 cm, BC = 12 cm.

E D

F C
4 cm

x 1 2 cm
A
y
3 cm
B

Not drawn accurately

(a) Find the length of BH.

Answer ................................................................ cm
(2 marks)

(b) The angle between BH and BD is x and the angle between BH and BC is y.

Which angle is bigger, x or y?

You must show your working.

Answer ......................................................................
(3 marks)

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2. ABCDEFGH is a cuboid with sides of 5 cm, 5 cm and l2 cm as shown.

A
5 cm
N o t to sca le
D B

C E 5 cm

H F

12 cm
G

Calculate angle DFH.

Answer ............................................... degrees

(5 marks)

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3. VABCD is a right pyramid on a square base.
V is vertically above the centre of the square.
VA = VB = VC = VD = 20 cm
AB = 15 cm

N o t dra w n accu rately

2 0 cm
D
C

A B
1 5 cm

Calculate the angle between the edge VA and the base ABCD.

Answer ....................................................... degrees

(5 marks)

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4. The diagram shows a door-wedge with a rectangular horizontal base PQRS.
The sloping face PQTU is also rectangular.
PQ = 3.8 cm and angle TQR = 6°
The height TR is 2.5 cm.

U T
N o t d ra w n
2 .5 cm
ac cu rate ly
S
R
6°

P 3 .8 cm Q

Calculate the length of the diagonal PT.

Answer ................................................................. cm
(5 marks)

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5. VABCD is a right pyramid on a rectangular base.

VA = VB = VC = VD = 16 cm.

AB = 20 cm and BC = 14 cm.

N o t d ra w n ac cu ra te ly

16 cm
D C

1 4 cm

A B
2 0 cm

Calculate the angle between the edge VC and the base ABCD.

Answer ........................................................... degrees

(5 marks)

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Circle Theorems (Alternate Segment Theorem)
1. (a) O is the centre of the circle.
A, B and C are points on the circumference.

Write down the value of angle x.

B
x
C
O
104°

Answer x = ........................................................degrees
(1 mark)

(b) P, Q and R are points on the circumference of the circle.

NPT is the tangent to the circle at P.

N o t draw n accu ra tely

7 0° R

z 52°
N P T

Calculate the value of z.

Give a reason for each step of your working.

Answer .......................................................degrees
(3 marks)

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2. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
PAQ is a tangent to the circle at A.
BC = CD.
AD is parallel to BC.
Angle BAQ = 32°.

D N o t d raw n ac curate ly

32º

P A Q

Find the size of angle BAD.

You must show all your working.

Answer Angle BAD = ............................... degrees

(5 marks)

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3. (a) Points P, Q, R and S lie on a circle.

PQ = QR

Angle PQR = 116°

N o t d raw n ac cu rate ly
S

11 6 º R
Q

Explain why angle QSR = 32°.

(2 marks)

(b) The diagram shows a circle, centre O.

TA is a tangent to the circle at A.
Angle BAC = 58° and angle BAT = 74°.

B
N o t d ra w n accu rately

58º
74º
T A

(i) Calculate angle BOC.

Answer Angle BOC = ............................... degrees

(1 mark)

(ii) Calculate angle OCA.

Answer Angle OCA = ............................... degrees

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 (3 marks)

4. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

PAQ is a tangent to the circle at A.
BC = CD
Angle QAB = 38° and angle BAD = 76°

Not drawn accurately

D
B

76° 38 °

P A Q

Show that AD is parallel to BC.

Give reasons to justify any values you write down or calculate.

(4 marks)

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5. ABC are three points on the circumference of a circle centre O.
SCT is a tangent to the circle.
 SCA = 56°  COB = 130°

Not drawn accurately

A B

O
130°

56°
S C T

Find the size of angle OBA.

Answer Angle OBA = ............................... degrees

(3 marks)

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6. CD is a tangent to the circle at C.

A
N o t d ra w n ac cu ra te ly

c B

50°
44°
C D

Calculate the value of c.

Give reasons for your answer.

Answer ......................................................... degrees

(3 marks)

7. P, Q, and R are points on the circumference of the circle.

NPT is the tangent to the circle at P.

N o t d raw n a c cu rate ly
70° R

z 52°
N P T

Calculate the value of z.

Give a reason for each step of your working.

Answer ...................................................................... degrees

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 (3 marks)

8. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral within a circle centre O.

XY is the tangent to the circle at A.

Angle XAB = 58°
Angle BAD = 78°
Angle DBC = 34°
C
Not drawn

accurately

34°
B

78°
X 58° Y
A

Prove that AB is parallel to CD.

(5 marks)

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9. PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral as shown.

7 x − 30° Not drawn

accurately

4 x + 30°

3 x + 10°

Prove that PQ is parallel to SR.

(5 marks)

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Areas and Volumes of Similar Shapes
1. (a) Explain why the volume of a cube increases by a factor of 8 when the side length
is doubled.

(2 marks)

(b) June recently bought a small toy in the local shop.

ALIEN

Place in
water and
it becomes
6 times
bigger!

It was originally 8 cm tall.

After she placed it in water it grew to a similarly shaped alien.
The height was then 14.5 cm.
Is the claim on the pack justified?

(3 marks)

3
2. A child’s rugby ball is 10 cm long and has a volume of 200 cm .
It is similar in shape to a full-size rugby ball.
A full-size rugby ball is 22 cm long.

Find the volume of the full-size ball.

Answer .......................................................... cm 3

(2 marks)

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3. Two similar bottles are shown below.

The smaller bottle is 20 cm tall and holds 480 ml of water.

The larger bottle is 30 cm tall.

N o t to sca le

30 cm
2 0 cm

How much water does the larger bottle hold?

Answer ................................................................. ml
(2 marks)

3
4. A square-based pyramid with a base of side 2 cm has a volume of 2.75 cm .

2 cm 6 cm

Not to scale

What is the volume of a similar square-based pyramid with a base of side 6 cm?

3
Answer ...................................................................cm
(2 marks)

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5. Gnomes ‘R’Us makes garden gnomes in two sizes.
The gnomes are similar in shape.
The smaller gnome is 28 cm high and the larger one is 35 cm high.

3
It takes 7936 cm of plaster to make a small gnome.

How much plaster is needed to make a large gnome?

3
Answer........................................................................................cm
(3 marks)

6. A and B are two similar cylinders.

10 cm A 3 6 0 0 cm 3
450 cm3

3
The height of cylinder A is 10 cm and its volume is 450 cm .
2
The volume of cylinder B is 3600 cm .

Calculate the height of cylinder B.

Answer .................................................... cm
(3 marks)

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7. A large tub holds 500 grams of butter.

Not drawn
accurately

The height of the 250 gram size tub is 50 mm.

Work out the height of the 500 gram tub.

Answer ................................. mm

(3 marks)

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Sine and Cosine Rule
1. (a) ABC is a triangle.
AC = 19 cm, BC = 17 cm and angle BAC = 60°

1 7 cm

60°
A
19 cm C

Not to scale

Calculate the size of angle ABC.

Answer ........................................................... degrees

(3 marks)

(b) PQR is a triangle.

PR = 23 cm, PQ = 22 cm and angle QPR = 48°

2 2 cm

48°
P
23 cm R

Not to scale

Calculate the length of QR.

Give your answer to an appropriate degree of accuracy.

Answer ........................................................... cm
(4 marks)

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2. ABC is a triangle.

Not drawn accurately

B

7 cm

C
48°
A 8 cm

(a) Calculate the length of side BC.

Answer ................................................................ cm
(3 marks)

(b) Find the size of angle BCA.

Answer ......................................................... degrees

(3 marks)

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3. ABCD is a quadrilateral.
AB = 7 cm, AD = 6 cm and BC = 9 cm.
Angle ABC = 75° and angle ADC = 90°

A 7 cm
B
6 cm 75º

D N o t d ra w n a c cu rately

9 cm

Calculate the perimeter of ABCD.

Answer ........................................................... cm
(5 marks)

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4. In triangle ABC, AB = 5 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 9 cm.

9 cm n o t d raw n ac cu rately
5 cm

B 8 cm C

Use the cosine rule to show that triangle ABC does not contain an obtuse angle.

(3 marks)

5. Two ships, A and B, leave port at 13 00 hours.

Ship A travels at a constant speed of 18 km per hour on a bearing of 070°.
Ship B travels at a constant speed of 25 km per hour on a bearing of 152°.

18 km A

P o rt N o t d raw n ac cu rate ly

25 km

Calculate the distance between A and B at 14 00 hours.

Answer ........................................................... km

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 (4 marks)

6.

N o t to sc ale
1 0 cm
9 cm

11 cm
B

Find the area of triangle ABC.

Answer ..................................... cm2

(5 marks)

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Transformations of Graphs
2
1. The sketch below is of the graph of y = x

O x

On the axes provided, sketch the following graphs.

2
The graph of y = x is shown dotted on each set of axes to act as a guide.
2
(a) y=x +2

O x
(1 mark)

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 2
(b) y = (x – 2)

O x
(1 mark)

1 2
y x
(c) 2

O x
(1)

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 2
2. The diagram shows the graph of y = x for 2  x  2.

y
5

–5 0 5 x

–5

Each of the graphs below is a transformation of this graph.

Write down the equation of each graph.

y y
(a) 5 (b ) 5

–5 0 5 x –5 0 5 x

–5 –5

(c)
y
5

–5 0 5 x

–5

Answer (a) y = ....................................................

Answer (b) y = ....................................................

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 Answer (c) y = ....................................................
(3 marks)

3. This is the graph of y = sin x for 0°  x  360°

y
3

0 x
90 180 270 3 60

–1

–2

–3

Draw the graphs indicated for 0°  x  360°

In each case the graph of y = sinx is shown to help you.

(a) y = 2 sinx

y
3

0 x
90 180 270 3 60

–1

–2

–3
(1 mark)

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(b) y = – sinx

y
3

0 x
90 180 270 3 60

–1

–2

–3
(1 mark)

(c) y = sin 2x

y
3

0 x
90 180 270 3 60

–1

–2

–3
(1 mark)

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4. This is the graph of y = cos x for 0°  x  360°

y
2

0
90 1 80 270 360 x
–1

–2

Write the equation of each of the transformed graphs.

In each case the graph of y = cos x is shown dotted to help you.

(a)

y
2

0
90 1 80 270 360 x
–1

–2

Equation y = ..............................................................
(1 mark)

(b)

y
2

0
90 1 80 270 360 x
–1

–2

Equation y = ..............................................................
(1 mark)

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(c)

y
2

0
90 1 80 270 360 x
–1

–2

Equation y = ..............................................................
(1 mark)

(d)

y
2

0
90 1 80 270 360 x
–1

–2

Equation y = ..............................................................
(1 mark)

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5. This is the graph of y = cos x for 0°  x  360°

O 90 180 270 360 x

–1

(a) On the axes below draw the graph of y = cos(x – 90) for 0°  x  360°

O 90 180 2 70 360 x

–1

(b) Write down a possible equation of the following graph.

y

O 90 180 27 0 3 60 x

–1

Answer ……………………………………………

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 (3 marks)
6. The graph of y = sin x for 0°  x  360° is shown on the grid below.
The point P(90, 1) lies on the curve.

P
1

O 90 180 270 360 x

–1

–2

On both of the grids that follow, sketch the graph of the transformed function.
In both cases write down the coordinates of the transformed point P.

(a) y = sin (x – 45)

O 90 180 270 360 x

–1

–2

P (......................., ......................)
(2 marks)

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(b) y = 2sinx

O 90 180 270 360 x

–1

–2

P (......................., ......................)
(2 marks)

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Other Graphs
1. Below are three graphs.

Match each graph with one of the following equations.

Equation A:
y = 3x – p
2
Equation B: y=x +p
Equation C: 3x + 4y = p
3
Equation D: y = px

In each case p is a positive number.

(i) (ii) (iii)

y y y

x x x

Answer Graph (i) Equation ................................................

Graph (ii) Equation ................................................

Graph (iii) Equation ................................................

(3 marks)

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2. Each of the graphs represents one of the following equations.

A y = 3x + 4 B 2x + 3y = 12

2 3
C y=x –2 D y=x

Write down the letter of the equation represented by each graph

y
2

–2 –1 O 1 2 x
–1

–2
Equation ................................
(1 mark)

y
2

–2 –1 O 1 2 x
–1

–2
Equation ................................
(1 mark)

y
4

–4 –2 O 2 4 6 x
–2

–4
Equation ................................
(1 mark)

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3. (a) Four graphs are sketched.

y y

O x O x
G ra p h A G ra ph B

y y

O x O x
G ra p h C G ra ph D

Complete the following statements.

y = 2x + 4 matches graph ………………….

2
y=x +4 matches graph ………………….

y + 2x = 4 matches graph ………………….

(3 marks)

3
(b) Sketch the graph of y = x on the axes below.

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 y

O x

(2 marks)

4. Match each of the sketch graphs to one of these equations.

2
2 3
A y = 2 – 2x B y = 2x + 2 C y=3–x D y=x +4 E y= x

y y
1 2

x x

y y
3 4

x x

Graph 1 represents equation ……................

Graph 2 represents equation ……................

Graph 3 represents equation ……................

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Graph 4 represents equation ……................
(4 marks)

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 x
5. The graph shows the function y  a

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 x

(a) Write down the coordinates of the point where the graph intersects with the y-axis.

Answer ( ................................... , ................................... )

(1 mark)

b) Find the value of a.

Answer ……………………………………………………
(2 marks)

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 x
6. (a) Complete the table of values for y = (0.8)
x 0 1 2 3 4

y 1 0.8 0.64 0.41

(1 mark)

x
(b) On the grid below, draw the graph of y = (0.8) for values of x from 0 to 4.

0 .9

0 .8

0 .7

0 .6

0 .5

0 .4

0 .3

0 .2

0 .1

0
0 1 2 3 4 x
(2 marks)

x
(c) Use your graph to solve the equation (0.8) = 0.76

Answer ..................................................................
(1 mark)

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Method of Intersections
2
1. The grid shows the graph of y = x + 2x – 5

y
4

–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 x

–2

–4

–6

2
By drawing an appropriate straight line, solve the equation x + 2x – 5 = x – 1

Answer ......................................................................
(3 marks)

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 2
2. The grid below shows the graph of y = x + 3x – 2

y = x 2 + 3 x –2
10

–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

(a) By drawing an appropriate straight line on the graph solve the equation
2
x + 3x – 3 = 0

Answer ………………………………..
(2 marks)

(b) By drawing an appropriate straight line on the graph solve the equation
2
x + 2x – 1 = 0

Answer ………………….……………..
(3 marks)

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 2
3. The graph y = x – 2x – 4 is drawn below for values of x between –3 and +4.

y
12

10

–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x

–2

–4

–6

2
(a) Using the graph, find the solutions of x – 2x – 4 = 0, giving your answers to 1
decimal place.

Answer ............................................
(1 mark)

(b) By drawing an appropriate linear graph, write down the solutions of

2
x – 3x – 2 = 0

Answer ............................................

(3 marks)

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 2
4. (a) Complete the table of values for y = x – 4x – 2
x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 10 3 –2 –5 –5 –2 3 10

(1 mark)

2
(b) On the grid below, draw the graph y = x – 4x – 2 for values of x between –2 and 6.

16

14

12

10

–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–2

–4

–6

–8

(2 marks)

2
(c) Use your graph to write down the solutions of the equation x – 4x – 2 = 0

Answer .............................................................
(2 marks)

(d) By drawing an appropriate linear graph, write down the solutions of

2
x – 5x –3 = 0

Answer .............................................................
(3 marks)

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Direct and Inverse Proportion
1. W and P are both positive quantities.
W is directly proportional to the square root of P.
When W = 12, P = 16.

(a) Express W in terms of P.

Answer ..........................................................
(3 marks)

(b) What is the value of W when P = 25?

Answer ..........................................................
(1 mark)

(c) What is the value of P when W = 21?

Answer ..........................................................
(2 marks)

2. y is directly proportional to the square of x.

When y = 5, x = 4.
Find the value of y when x = 8.

Answer ………………….……………..
(3 marks)

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 2
3. A is directly proportional to B
When A = 50, B = 10

(a) Find an equation connecting A and B.

Answer …………………………………………………..
(3 marks)

(b) Find the value of B when A = 72

Answer …………………………………………………..
(2 marks)

4. y is inversely proportional to the square of x.

When y = 3, x = 2
Find the value of y when x = 4

Answer y = ..........................................................
(3 marks)

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5. M and G are positive quantities.
M is inversely proportional to G.
When M = 90, G = 40.

Find the value of M when G = M.

Answer M= ................................................................
(4 marks)

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Vectors

1. OP = –4a + 5b and OQ = 5a – b.

–4 a + 5 b

O
5a – b
Q

R is a point on PQ such that PR : RQ = 1 : 2.

Express OR in terms of a and b.

Answer ....................................................
(3 marks)

2. OPQR is a parallelogram.
M is the midpoint of the diagonal OQ.
OP = 2p and OR = 2r

R Q

2r
M

O P
2p

Express OM in terms of p and r.

Answer OM .......................................................
(1 mark)

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3. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with centre O.

OA = a and AB = b

C B
D iag ram d raw n accu rately
b

D O A
a

E F

Find expressions, in terms of a and b, for

(i) OB

Answer ..................................................................
(1 mark)

(ii) AC

Answer ..................................................................
(1 mark)

(iii) EC

Answer ..................................................................
(1 mark)

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4. In the diagram OACD, OADB and ODEB are parallelograms.

OA  a and OB  b

D C
B

O a A

Express, in terms of a and b, the following vectors.

Give your answers in their simplest form.

(i) OD

Answer...............................................................................
(1 mark)

(ii) OC

Answer...............................................................................
(1 mark)

(iii) AB

Answer...............................................................................
(1 mark)

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 2
5. In the diagram OP = 4a, PA = a, OB = 5b, BR = 3b and AQ = 5 AB

a
P
Q

4a

R
O 5b B 3b

Not drawn accurately

Find, in terms of a and b, simplifying your answers,

(i) AB

Answer ……………………………………………
(1 mark)

(ii) PQ

Answer ……………………………………………

(2 marks)

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6. PQRS is a trapezium as shown.

Not drawn
accurately
a
P Q

a – 2b

S R

SR is parallel to PQ.

SR = 2PQ.

(a) Write down in terms of a and b vector SR.

Answer .................................

(1 mark)

(b) Work out in terms of a and b vector QR.

Give your answer as simply as possible.

Answer .................................

(2 marks)

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7.

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 Formulae Sheet: Higher Tier

Area of trapezium = (a + b)h h

Volume of prism = area of cross-section × length cross-

section

length

Volume of sphere = r 3
r
Surface area of sphere = 4r 2

Volume of cone = r 2 h l
h
Curved surface area of cone = r l
r

In any triangle ABC C

Area of triangle = ab sin C
b a
Sine rule = =
Cosine rule a 2 = b 2 + c 2 – 2bc cos A A B
c

The Quadratic Equation

The solutions of ax 2 + bx + c = 0, where a 0, are given by
x=

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