Full name:.................................

Lesson WID:
Topic: Travel and holidays
8
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- Vocabulary for holiday activities

- Reading: Reading for specific ......

Skills information and detailed meaning pts/10

- IE Reading: Matching features/

Matching information

- IELTS Writing: Basic paragraph

Exercise 1. [Vocabulary for holiday activities] Complete the sentences with the holiday
activities in the box.

go horse riding go on day trips

go mountain climbing go shopping

go on a beach holiday stay with a host family

go on a cultural trip visit local attractions

go on a cycling tour visit water parks

1. We often _______________ in the airport where you can buy things cheaper.
2. When I visit my aunt on her farm, we often _______________ in the country side. I love
animals.

3. You can _______________ like an old castle in my town.

4. Families like to _______________ when the weather is hot so they can cool down.

5. From the city, you can _______________ by coach to the countryside.

6. It is often cheaper to _______________ in their own home than in a hotel.

7. If you are fit, a good way to see more of a country is to _______________.

8. You shouldn’t _______________ alone as it can be a dangerous sport.

9. When you _______________ to a city, you have the chance to see museums and art galleries.

10. If you _______________, you can enjoy being by the sea and doing sports, like surfing and
waterskiing.

Exercise 2. [Reading for detailed meanings] Read the text below and answer the questions
about the parts in italics.

Records of writing provide valuable insights into ancient ways of life, but archeologists have to
distinguish carefully between what are true records and what are not. While records of accounts
and trading details may generally be accurate, records of historical events or the actions of
rulers may not be. One indication of this is that records of battles that rulers have lost are very
rarely found.

a. ‘... have to distinguish carefully between what are true records and what are not.’ Not what?
________________________________

b. ‘…records of historical events or the actions of rulers may be be.’ May not be what?

________________________________
c. ‘One indication of this…’ Indication of what? ______________________

Exercise 3: [Reading for specific information] Read the text. Answer the questions related
to the text in the next page.
Exercise 4. [IELTS Reading: Matching features] Read the text and answer the questions.

When you visit a supermarket you probably ((adv): có khả năng) think you know exactly what
you are going to buy, but the truth is you are very easily persuaded ((v): thuyết phục). Over half
the decisions ((n): quyết định) you make are made suddenly ((adv): bất thình lình), on impulse
((n): sự hấp tấp), while you are inside the store, so it is important that a product ((n): kết quả) is
displayed ((v): trưng bày) in an eye-catching (bắt mắt) position ((n): tư thế, vị trí) if it is to have
any chance of success.

Today's supermarkets invest ((v): đầu tư) millions of pounds in powerful computers which tell
them what product sells ((v): bán) best and where. "Space management" is the name given to a
highly complicated ((a): phức tạp) way of influencing ((n): ảnh hưởng) that way we shop to
make sure that stores make the maximum profit ((n): lợi nhuận).

You walk into a supermarket. You pull out (kéo ra) a trolley and stare up and down row after
row of packed shelves. You step out into the aisles. You are faced with possibly the widest
choice of good and drink in the world. But over the next hour or so, you will shop in a
completely predictable way. This is what the space management teams who work for
supermarkets have found out. They believe that everything depends on the following rules
about our behaviour in supermarkets:

The modern supermarket offers too many images for our brains to absorb so we switch off and
notice only parts of the goods on display. A product will be more noticeable in some parts of
the store than others, so manufacturers and retailers must work hard to attract our attention.

In general, products sell best when they are placed at eye level.

Products placed at the beginnings of aisles don't sell well. In tests, secret fixed cameras have
filmed shoppers' movements around a store over a seven-day period. When the film is speeded
up, it clearly shows that we walk straight past these areas on our way to the centre of the aisle.
These early shelves are known as "the graveyard".

When we finally stop to consider in the centre of an aisle, we look along the length of it. And
because we read from left to right, we look from left to right too. So, we see products displayed
on the left side of the aisle first. As a result, more products are taken from those shelves.

Any spot where the supermarket can be sure we are going to and stand still and concentrate for
more than a few seconds is good for sales. That is why the shelves at the check-out have long
been a favourite for manufacturers of sweets, perhaps the most popular "impulse" buy of all.

Questions 1-6

Look at the following statements (Questions 1-6) and the list of places in supermarkets
Classify the following shelves to the correct places based on the information provided in the
passage. Write the correct letter, A-C, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

NB: you may use any letter more than once.

A. for places where products tend to sell well

B. for places which tend to be neglected by the customers

C. for places not mentioned in the passage

1. shelves which are at the same level as your eyes => A

2. shelves along the left wall of the supermarket => C

3. shelves at the beginning of an aisle => B

4. left-side shelves in the middle of an aisle => A

5. shelves by the cashiers => A

6. shelves along the middle aisle => C

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view=quiz&quiz_id=159

Exercise 5. [IELTS Reading: Matching features] Read the text and answer the questions.

Holiday with a difference

Travel writer Ian Coleman recalls a recent trip to Guatemala, where he saw an example of tribal
tourism.  "There is a village with a statue of a man called Maximon, who has a special spiritual
meaning for the local tribe" he explains. "The statue kept indoors, and once a year the locals
bring him out and carry him around the village. However, visitors now pay money for them to
bring the statue out and carry it around, while they take photographs. As a result, Maximon has
lost his original meaning, and is now just another tourist attraction."

So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? "With a bit of
thought, we can maximize the positive impacts and minimize the negative," says travel
company director Hilary Waterhouse. "Remember that you are there not only to experience a
difference culture, but to help it in some way. Tourists bring money to the community, which
the community can invest in local projects. However, this does not mean you can act the way
you might do back home. The most important thing is to show respect, learn about, and be
aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you're a guest".

Dawn baker, manager of travel company Footprints, runs tours to tribal areas in Peru. 'Good
companies specializing in tribal tours are very careful about who they allow on their tours', she
says. 'They won't take anyone they feel is unsuitable'. Baker offers reading recommendations so
that visitors.

Dawn baker, manager of travel company Footprints, runs tours to tribal areas in Peru. 'Good
companies specializing in tribal tours are very careful about who they allow on their tours', she
says. 'They won’t take anyone they feel is unsuitable’. Baker offers reading recommendations
so that visitors can read about the country and its cultures. 'The rewards of a trip to this country
are priceless, and the more you know in advance, the more priceless they are'

Tribal tourism travelers are often surprised at how basic their facilities are when they get there.
'It's not for everyone, but for me it was all part of the experience', says Jamie White, who has
recently returned from a trip to Borneo. 'We stayed in the same huts that everyone was living in,
with no running water and no electricity. It was basic, but it was an ethical way to travel. Being
comfortable means you use more local resources and so have more of an environment impact.'

Look at the following statements and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A-D.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1. ______ Travellers may need to change the way they behave.

2. ______ Some travellers would not enjoy living the way that local people do.

3. ______ Tribal tourism can have benefits for local people.

4. ______ Some travellers make local people do things that they would not normally do.

5. ______ Learning about a place before you go there makes your trip much more satisfying.

List of people

A. Ian Coleman D. Jamie White

B. Hilary Waterhouse

C. Dawn Baker

Exercise 6. [IELTS Reading: Matching features] Read the text and answer the questions.

MORE CAVITIES NEEDED

Bluebirds live in cavities, but they can't make their own cavities. Like woodpeckers, bluebirds
prefer trees in open areas. The best habitat for bluebirds is an open area with scattered trees
such as an old garden. By clearing sections of forest to create more fields, early settlers
happened to improve bluebird habitat. Bluebirds feed on insects on the ground, and insects were
abundant in the fields.

In the early 1900s, eastern bluebirds were one of the most common songbirds, but by 1969
fewer than 100 bluebirds nested in Minnesota. Other states also reported severe declines in the
populations of all three bluebirds species.

Why did the population decline? One factor may have been the widespread use of insecticides,
but the most important factor was probably the loss of habitat. At first, fences were built with
wooden posts, and wooden posts develop cavities. While bluebirds life fence posts with
cavities, farmers do not. Cavities make the fence posts weak, and cattle escape through weak
fences. After World War II, most farmers replaced wooden posts with new posts made of steel.

With less suitable habitat, the bluebirds were forced to compete with other birds for the few
remaining nesting sides. More aggressive birds such as the tree swallow and the house wren
often drive the bluebirds from their nests. Starlings and house sparrows - both introduced to this
country from Europe - also compete with the bluebirds for nesting sites.

All three bluebird populations - eastern, western, and mountain - declined nearly 90 per cent
between 1935-1985. The North American Bluebird Society and others are working to increase
the number of bluebirds. The most successful method is to improve the habitat by providing
the bluebirds with boxes as living places. Thousands of boxes are placed and being managed by
individuals interested in helping the little bird.

If placed in the right environment, the boxes do attract bluebirds. Bluebirds prefer boxes placed
next to open areas. If placed near a brushy area, the boxes are more likely to attract house
wrens. Tree swallows would compete for isolated sites in open areas. Competition from tree
swallows will decrease if the boxes are placed in pairs, less than three feet apart. Boxes for
mountain and western bluebirds must have slightly larger holes than those for eastern bluebirds,
but if the holes are too large, starlings will take the boxes.

Another cavity programme helped the wood duck population. When seeking for houses, the
female wood duck looks for a cavity in a tree that is in or near the water. Often she chooses a
cavity with a hole too small for a raccoon to enter. Human activities - logging mature trees and
hunting - threaten the wood duck population. In 1918, the United States and Canadian
governments banned the hunting of this species. Groups of citizens and conservation
organizations built living boxes and placed them on poles or in trees that are in or near the
water. Today the wood duck population is greater than one million, and hunting is once again
permitted. 

Questions 1-6 Look at the following list of nesting sites for birds (Questions 1-6) and the list of
their uses
Classify the following nesting sites to the correct use based on the information given in the
passage. Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

NB: you may use any letter more than once.

A. if they are likely to attract bluebirds;

B. if they are likely to attract tree

swallows;

C. if they are likely to attract starlings;

D. if they are likely to attract wood

ducks;

1. boxes with very large holes 5. trees with cavities in the pond

2. boxes on poles by the river 6. a single box in an open area

3. fence posts with holes

4. boxes next to an open area

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Exercise 7. [IELTS Reading: Matching information] Read the text and answer the
questions.

Diversity in older age (A)

There is no ‘typical’ older person. Some 80 year-olds have physical and mental capacities
similar to many 20 year-olds. Other people experience significant declines in physical and
mental capacities at much younger ages. A comprehensive public health response must address
this wide range of older people’s experiences and needs.

Health inequities (B)

The diversity seen in older age is not random. A large part arises from people’s physical and
social environments and the impact of these environments on their opportunities and health
behaviour. The relationship we have with our environments is skewed by personal
characteristics such as the family we were born into, our sex and our ethnicity, leading to
inequalities in health. A significant proportion of the diversity in older age is due to the
cumulative impact of these health inequities across the life course. Public health policy must be
crafted to reduce, rather than reinforce, these inequities.

Outdated and ageist stereotypes (C)

Older people are often assumed to be frail or dependent, and a burden to society. Public health,
and society as a whole need to address these and other ageist attitudes, which can lead to
discrimination, affect the way policies are developed and the opportunities older people have to
experience Healthy Ageing.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-C, in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

1. A description of the way society views the elderly.

2. A reaction to the rights for the elderly living in our society.

3. The effect of our surroundings partnered with our own personality traits, which lead to health
differences. 
Exercise 8. [IELTS Reading: Matching information] Read the text and answer the
questions.

BLACK RATS RAINFOREST INVASION ‘SPEEDED BY DEFORESTATION’

(A) Cutting down trees in rainforests facilitates the spread of invasive black rats, a study
suggests. The rodents normally avoid mature forests with large trees as they provide little in the
way of cover. But researchers, writing in Biotropica, say that logging makes rainforests more
attractive for rats as fallen wood contains more insects which they eat.

(B) Scientists are concerned that the invading black rats will be bad news for native mammals.
Sometimes called the ship rat, these rodents have spread around the world over the past 400
years, often causing the extinctions of native species and spreading disease.

(C) Much of their notoriety rests on the idea that black rats were the origin of bubonic plague,
although recent research casts doubt on that notion. Black rats have usually avoided older
forests as they contain large trees which do not provide much in the way of ground level
protection. They also tend to have leafy forest floors which are noisy for rats to run through, as
they attract predators.

(D) This new study examined the idea that logging of trees in rainforests might facilitate the
spread of the rodents. The researchers looked at the island of Borneo where large tracts of the
natural forest have been degraded.

(E) It had been believed that black rats were confined to urban areas in Borneo. To test the idea
that they might spread into deforested regions, the scientists trapped rats from four different
species – they then attached small spools of cotton thread to their backs and and tracked their
movements.

(F) Across the animals in the study, the researchers found that the black rats had the strongest
preference for the type of disturbed habitat associated with logging. The increased amount of
fallen wood boosted the amount of insects which the rats eat. The logged forests also have more
undergrowth which provides better cover. The researchers believe that black rats favour these
small changes far more than related species.

(G) “Logging creates micro-environments that black rats love, helping them move in,” said
study co-author Dr Rob Ewers from Imperial College London. “This could be bad news for
native mammals who might not be able to compete with black rats for food and resources. It’s
also bad for the forest, as many small mammals are important seed dispersers, helping rainforest
plants to grow, and they are also prey for larger animals.”

(H) The researchers say that the widespread destruction of forests throughout the tropics may
well be multiplying the threat from invasive species like black rats. They believe the presence
of these rats could pose a significant threat to nesting birds and other small mammals. The
scientists say that the way that logging is done can have a big impact on the suitability of the
land for the black rats. The more dead wood that is left behind the better the black rats like it. If
felled trees were more accurately cleared as well as the vines that connect the trees, the rat’s
progress might be curbed.

Questions 1-8 The text has eight paragraphs A-H. Which paragraph contains the following
information? Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.

 1. A valid concern  6. A place of the research

 2. The experiment  7. The difference between species

 3. More food for rats  8. The reason for bad reputation

 4. Possible threats

 5. Bad news

https://easyieltsreading.wordpress.com/2017/02/09/lesson-x-matching-information-to-
paragraphs/
Exercise 9. [Basic paragraph: Topic sentences] Choose the best topic sentence for each
group of supporting sentences below.

1. ______________________________. These problems include sleep disorders, sicknesses

and pains. Heart diseases and even cancers can probably be a result of stress. Moreover, people
under stress are in more danger of having an accident at work or while driving, and they might
start bad habits more easily such as smoking or eating too much.

a. Trouble sleeping is one effect of stress.

b. Excessive stress causes serious physical and emotional problems.

2._________________________________. Eustress is the effect of positive events that cause a

change in a person’s life. Eustress provides the amount of stress that is just right for a person to
grow, to stay energetic and to feel happy with life. For instance, getting married is a happy life
event for most people. However, getting married is also a big change, so it causes stress. On the
other hand, distress is the effect of bad or difficult experiences. Problems with money, school,
or relationships are common causes of distress in modern life. According to the Holmes and
Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale (1967), the death of a husband, wife, or child causes
serious health and emotional problems.

a. Today’s busy lifestyles cause two kinds of stress – eustress and distress.

b. Good stress is called eustress.

3. ________________________________. One reason is that many computer crimes,

especially thefts from companies, are not reported to the police. A recent survey conducted in
the United States suggested that only 17 percent of high-tech crimes were reported to
authorities. Although companies that are victims of this kind of crime are likely to suffer huge
financial losses, they tend to keep quiet because they want to protect their reputation. Moreover,
it is also difficult for the police to keep up with the necessary technological skills. They need
special training and equipment to fight against computer crimes more effectively.

a. The police are faced with a difficult job of preventing computer-related crimes for two major
reasons.

b. While computer crime presents the police with new problems in solving crimes, computers
also help them in some ways.

4. _________________________________. There are crimes associated with selling over the

Internet. For example, a fake company can set up a website and offer goods for sale - the ones
that do not actually exist. The consumer may be tricked into sending money or credit card
details to the company, or the goods may be counterfeit. Computer criminals can also cause
harm in another way; they could create viruses written for attacking and damaging programs or
documents. In 1999, one of the first global viruses called Chernobyl crippled thousands of
computers around the world. A 24-year-old man was eventually tracked down as the author of
the virus.

a. Advances in technology, especially the extensive use of computers in business and for private
life, have brought with them new kinds of crimes.

b. The theft of information may be the most serious kind of computer-related crimes.

5._________________________________. In many developing countries, workers are paid

very poorly to produce goods for multinational companies. For example, in Indonesia, it was
revealed that factory workers producing Nike shoes were being paid an average $2 per day. The
goods are bought mostly by wealthier citizens of developed countries. Some groups have called
this exploitation an example of growing corporate greed, especially because the profits from
these companies are often returned directly to the home country. Consequently, there are few
benefits to the local economies or the employees of that industry.

a. The impact of globalization is widely discussed in the media.

b. An increase in worker exploitation and corporate greed is one of the negative effects of
globalization.

Exercise 10. [Basic paragraph: Topic sentences]

Exercise 11. [Basic paragraph: Concluding sentence] Read the following paragraphs.
Choose the most suitable concluding sentence for each paragraph.

1. Completing higher education offers individuals three particular advantages. Firstly, there has
been a general sense that higher level of education is usually associated with higher earnings. It
is reported that a typical college graduate, over his/her working life, earns about 73 percent
more than a typical high school graduate. In addition, more educated people are less likely to be
unemployed or to live in poverty. Last but not least, higher education provides people with
necessary skills and knowledge to compete professionally in a global labor market, which will
enhance their career prospects. For example, tertiary educated individuals develop creativity in
their thinking as well as problem-solving skills; these skills are highly valued by companies
facing increased competition and pressure to make profits. ___________________.

a. Therefore, creative thinking can also be useful in dealing with the ups and downs of everyday
life.
b. To summarize, the benefits of higher education are enormous and what a university graduate
will learn both inside and outside the lecture theatres will stay with him/her well beyond the
graduation day.

c. To conclude, skills that you learn at college can help you find a better job in the labor market.

2. Children who spend a great deal of time in front of a computer screen playing video games
can be adversely affected by the experience. When it comes to a child’s physical development,
spending hours in front of a computer is a poor substitute to outdoor activities. While regular
exercise helps children grow up strong and healthy, excessive hours of playing computer games
raises concerns about obesity, diabetes and strokes. In addition, computer games are also
believed to be the root cause of improper mental development. To illustrate this, the games
themselves are often violent. They often show graphic fighting scenes where the most brutal
competitor wins. It is believed that those games make children assume that violence is an
acceptable way to resolve conflicts in real life. This is surely not the message societies should
pass on to their youth. ___________________.

a. To conclude, there is no doubt that excessive computer game playing is harmful to children’s
physical and mental development; therefore, parental supervision on the time their children
spend on computer games is absolutely necessary.

b. In conclusion, many parents decided to forbid their children from playing computer games at
all times.

c. As a result, juvenile crime is usually caused by offenders who have been addicted to violent
computer games.
WRITING PORTFOLIO 4

Topic: Write a paragraph about the disadvantages of travelling.

Note:

- Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence and a concluding sentence

- Include examples and details to support your ideas

You should write 150 – 200 words.

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