Wall Plastering Work

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WALL PLASTERING WORK

Plain Plaster
 Plain plaster shall consist of one (1) part masonry cement to six (6) parts sand by
volume. Where CEM 1 is used, plasticizer or plaster lime shall be added to the mix in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction.
 The plaster shall be applied in two coats generally to a total thickness of 20 mm to brick
wall and 12 mm to soffits, beams, columns, brick-walls and other smooth surfaces.
 The first coat shall consist of rough plastering to a thickness of 10 mm for 20 mm plain
face, and 6 mm for 12 mm plain face. The second coat shall be finished with a steel
trowel for internal surfaces and with a straight-edged wood float for external surfaces.
 All external walls, unless otherwise specified shall be finished with rough surface
cement plastering.
 All internal walls, unless otherwise specified shall be finished with smooth skimmed
surface cement plastering.

Granolithic Plaster
 Granolithic plaster shall consist of by volume, two (2) parts cement, one (1) part sand,
five (5) parts granite chipping passing 6mm mesh and retaining upon 3 mm mesh,
applied in two (2) coats to a total thickness of 10 mm to a backing coat, finished smooth
with wood float.
 The backing coat shall consist of 12 mm thick plain plaster as described herein before.
The finished surface shall be brushed lightly to achieve the required texture after it has
reach initial set.
 Shanghai plaster shall consist of two (2) parts approved coloured cement, one (1) part
sand and five (5) parts of selected lime-stone chipping passing 6 mm mesh and retaining
upon 3 mm mesh by volume applied in two (2) coats to a total thickness of 10 mm to
the backing coat, finished smooth with wood float.
 The backing coat shall consist of 12 mm thick plain plaster as described hereinbefore.
The finished surface shall be brushed lightly to achieve the required texture after it has
reached initial set.
Shanghai Plaster
 Shanghai plaster shall consist of two (2) parts approved coloured cement, one (1) part
sand and five (5) parts of selected lime-stone chipping passing 6 mm mesh and retaining
upon 3 mm mesh by volume applied in two (2) coats to a total thickness of 10 mm to
the backing coat, finished smooth with wood float.
 The backing coat shall consist of 12 mm thick plain plaster as described hereinbefore.
The finished surface shall be brushed lightly to achieve the required texture after it has
reached initial set.

Textured Finish Plaster


 Textured finish plaster shall consist of a 20 mm thick backing coat of plain plaster as
described hereinbefore ruled into a plain and even surface and a finishing coat as on the
Drawings and described hereinafter.
 For rough cast finish, the mix shall consist of selected cement, sand and aggregate in
the proportion to give the required finish to the approval of the S.O.
 For Tyrolean finish, the mix shall consist of one (1) part selected coloured cement, and
two (2) parts sand by volume applied to the backing coat by means of a Tyrolean
machine in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation. The finish shall be
built up in three (3) layers to a total thickness of not exceeding 6 mm. Each coat shall
be allowed to dry before the application of a subsequent coat.
 For pebble-dash finish, the dry pebble for the finish shall be thrown onto the backing
coat while the latter is still wet. The pebbles to be used shall be clean and of size and
quality approved.
 For pebble-wash finish, the selection of pebbles shall be clean and of size, colour and
quality approved. The selected pebbles shall be mixed with plain plaster and applied
while it is still wet in a single coat generally to a total thickness of 12 mm to a backing
coat. The applied surface is tapped to set the pebbles in position. The pebbles shall be
brushed and washed lightly to achieve the required texture after it has reached the initial
set. Loose pebbles shall be placed back in position and by tapping the surface to set.
Gypsum Plaster
 Gypsum plaster, or plaster of Paris, is produced as a proprietary dry plaster powder and
when it is mixed with water, it re-forms into gypsum. The ratio of the gypsum powder
mix to the amount of water shall be as recommended by the manufacturer.
 The setting of unmodified plaster starts about ten (10) minutes after mixing and is
complete in about forty-five (45) minutes; but not fully set for seventy-two (72) hours.
The total gypsum plaster thickness for vertical and horizontal masonry and concrete
surfaces shall be 16 mm.
 The resulting paste hardens as it cools, forming a relatively soft, pliable finished
product. Unlike mortar or cement, which dries much harder, gypsum plaster can be
sanded or otherwise manipulated once cured, making it a good option for aesthetic,
non-load bearing purposes.
 Gypsum plaster is renowned for its use as an art medium and is often use in conservation
works especially for decorative embellishment. It is also used to simulate the
appearance of surfaces of wood, stone or metal.

Lime Plaster
 Typical lime plaster mix shall consist of one (1) part lime putty to three (3) parts of
washed, well graded sand. The lime putty is mixed at one (1) to three (3) ratios, creates
a compact plaster.
 Water is added to produce slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), which is sold as a wet putty
or white powder. Water is added to the white powder mix as per the manufacturer’s
recommendation.
 Water is added to the proprietary lime plaster mix as per the manufacturer’s
recommendation to form a workable paste prior to use. Lime plaster is used as an
alternative to or in combination with ordinary Portland cement. It is commonly used for
decorative works such as mural paintings on walls, ceilings or any type of flat surface.
 Once the water is mixed it shall be stored in an air-tight container. Once exposed to the
atmosphere, the calcium hydroxide turns back into calcium carbonate, causing the
plaster to set.
Barium Plaster
 The plastering of internal surfaces of X-Ray room walls shall be of barium plaster
consisting of one (1) part cement, one (1) part barites (barium sulphate) fines and three
(3) parts barites sand by volume.

METHOD FOR PLASTERING


The plastering could be done on the surfaces either in one, two and three coats. The plastering
method for two coats are as follows:
 The mortar joints are racked out to a depth of 20 mm and surface is cleaned and well-
watered. If it is found that the surface to be plastered is very rough and uneven, a
primary coat is applied to fill up the hollows before the first coat of plaster is put on
the surface.
 The first coat of plaster is now applied on the surface. The usual thickness of first coat
for brick masonry is 9 mm to 10 mm. In order to maintain uniform thickness, the
screeds are formed on the wall surface by fixing dots.
 The cement mortar is placed between successive screeds and surface is properly
finished.
 The second coat is applied after six hours and thickness of second coat is 3 mm to 2
mm.
 The completed work is allowed to rest for 24 hours and then, the surface is kept well-
watered for rest of week.
 For plastering in three coats are similar to two coats.
 The thickness of first coat (rendering coat) 9 to 10 mm, second coat (rendering coat) 9
to 10 mm, and third coat (setting coat) thickness around 3 mm.

The Techniques For Plastering Various Surfaces


Internal Plastering on surfaces of Brick

 Initially, the surface where plastering is to be done will be cleaned.


 Level pegs on walls will be fixed with reference to the off lines to brick walls set out
in floors. (Using centre plumb bob and nylon thread).
 All the brick walls will be watered before pasting mortar on walls.
 First coat mortar filling (1:4 Cement and Sand) up to 15 mm will be applied on
surfaces where required mortar thickness exceed 25mm.
 All the embedded service lines and provisions (Conduits, Boxes and etc. ) will be
completed on brick walls and check with the drawings.

External Wall Plastering


 Alignment and fixing level pegs on external wall surfaces will be done using the
surveying instrument / centre plumb bobs.
 Projections on the wall surfaces will be chipped off and cleaned after completing the
level pegs on walls.
 First coat mortar filling (1:4 Cement and Sand) up to 15 mm will be applied on
surfaces where required mortar thickness exceed 25mm.
 Cement paste on concrete surfaces will be applied to improve the bonding of plaster
to the concrete surfaces.
 External wall plaster will be finished with rough surface.

Safety Requirement In Plastering Works


 Use scaffolding always and ensure the scaffolding is adequately braced with the
permanent structure, for working in heights.
 Ensure the workers use safety appliances like safety belts in height, helmets, safety
goggles while carrying out plastering and pointing in heights.
 Ensure the working area is kept clean for easy access and protect edges of opening by
barricading etc while working.
 Ensure the area of working is well lighted (provide with lights if required )
Inspect the scaffolding before starting work.
 Access platform/working platform double hand railing to be provided.
Proper illumination to be provided during the work, if required.
 Educate the workmen through safety meeting.

DEFECTS IN PLASTERING
Blistering of plastered surface.
Blistering is the formation of small patches of plaster, swelling out beyond the plastered
surface, arising due to late slaking (addition of water to lime) of lime particles in the plaster.
This defect is usually caused due to the uneven mixing of plaster.

How to prevent it:


This can be prevented by ensuring appropriate mixing between cement and it’s components
used to form plaster.

Plaster De-bonding
De-bonding occurs when a plaster is separated from the wall. It can be caused by an
excessively thick plaster layer, inadequate substrate preparation or may be due to a dusty, oily
or dry substrate.

How to prevent it:


To prevent de-bonding of plaster, we need to take care of the following things during
plastering.
Remove dust & oil from the substrate before plastering.
Allow substrate to reach correct moisture content.
If necessary you should use bonding chemical.

Cracking
Cracking consists of formation of cracks or fissures in the plaster work resulting from the
following reasons.
 Imperfect preparation of background
 Structural defects in building
 Discontinuity of surface.
 Movements in the background due to its thermal expansion or rapid drying

Remedy method :
Can apply, high quality plastic-elastic acrylic sealant, is ideal for sealing such
cracks.

This defect can happen in two forms – Flaking of plaster and peeling off plaster.

Flaking of plaster: The formation of a small loose mass on the plastered surface is known as
flaking. It is mainly due to bond failure between successive coats of plaster.

Peeling off plaster: The plaster from some portion of the surface comes off and a patch is
formed. This is termed as peeling. It is also mainly due to bond failure between successive
coats of plaster.

How to prevent it:


Both defects can be prevented with proper material selection and surface preparation.
Imperfect adhesion can be minimized by good workmanship.

Popping
Popping is the formations of conical like holes that break out of the plaster. It is caused due to
the presence of contaminant particles such as burnt lime or other organic materials in the mix
of mortar.

How to prevent it:


To prevent popping in plastering, you need to ensure that no contaminant particles are present
in the mortar mix.

REMEDIES FOR MINIMIZING DEFECTS PLASTERING WORK


1. The brickwork and plastering should be carried out in the best workmanship manner.
2. The bond of brickwork should be maintained properly. The efflorescence is removed by
rubbing brushes on damaged surfaces. A solution of one part of HCl or H2SO4, and five parts
of clean water is prepared and it is applied with the help of brushes on affected area. The
surface is washed and cleaned with water.
3. The bricks of superior nature should only be used for the brick work.
4. The water free from salts should be used for brick work and plastering work.

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