GGI Report 22.12.2021

Contents
# Content Page No.
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Good Governance Index 3
1.2 Sectors 4
2 Approach and Methodology 8
2.1 Literature Review 9
2.2 Approach to the GGI Framework 9
2.3 Principles of Selection of Governance Indicators 12
2.4 Data Source 14
2.5 Components of Good Governance Index Framework 15
2.6 Methodology 16
2.7 Categorisation of States 20
3 Sectors and Indicators 23
1 Agriculture and Allied Sector 24
1.1 Agriculture and Allied Sector Indicators 24
1.2 Agriculture and Allied Sector Incremental Progress 28
1.3 Agriculture and Allied Sector Ranking 36
2 Commerce and Industry 39
2.1 Commerce and Industry Indicators 39
2.2 Commerce and Industry Sector Incremental Progress 42
2.3 Commerce and Industry Sector Ranking 49
3 Human Resource Development 52
3.1 Human Resource Development Sector Indicators 52
3.2 Human Resource Development Sector Incremental Progress 56
3.3 Human Resource Development Sector Ranking 70
4 Public Health 73
4.1 Public Health Sector Indicators 73
4.2 Public Health Sector Incremental Progress 77
4.3 Public Health Sector Ranking 84
5 Public Infrastructure and Utilities 87
5.1 Public Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Indicators 87
5.2 Public Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Incremental Progress 91
5.3 Public Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Ranking 99
6 Economic Governance 102
6.1 Economic Governance Sector Indicators 102
6.2 Economic Governance Sector Incremental Progress 105
6.3 Economic Governance Sector Ranking 112
7 Social Welfare and Development 114
7.1 Social Welfare and Development Sector Indicators 114
7.2 Social Welfare and Development Sector Incremental Progress 120
7.3 Social Welfare and Development Sector Ranking 134
8 Judiciary and Public Safety 137
8.1 Judiciary and Public Safety Sector Indicators 137
8.2 Judiciary and Public Safety Sector Incremental Progress 140
8.3 Judiciary and Public Safety Sector Ranking 148
9 Environment 151
9.1 Environment Sector Indicators 151
9.2 Environment Sector Incremental Progress 153
9.3 Environment Sector Ranking 156
10 Citizen Centric Governance 158
10.1 Citizen Centric Governance Sector Indicators 158
10.2 Citizen Centric Governance Sector Ranking 160
4 Incremental Progress and Ranking 163
4.1 Incremental Change 164
4.2 Composite Ranking 169
Approach for Futuristic Governance Index: Inclusion of
5 172
Qualitative Assessment
5.1 Background 172
5.2 Rationale for Amendment 173
5.3 Aspects for Inclusion 174
5.4 Data Collection Process 179
Annexures 184
Annexure 1: Sectors, Indicators and Weightages 184
Annexure 2: Data Source of Indicators 187
2020-21
Executive Summary
Good Governance is the key component of the economic transformation and with the
present government’s focus on ‘minimum government and maximum governance’ the
Index assumes more significance.
GGI is a comprehensive and implementable framework to assess the State of Governance

across the States and UTs which enables ranking of States/Districts. The objective of GGI is
to create a tool which can be used uniformly across the States to assess impact of various
interventions taken up by the Central and State Governments including UTs. Based on the GGI
Framework, the Index provides a comparative picture among the States while developing
competitive spirit for improvement.
The Government of India constituted a Group of Secretaries (GoS) on Governance who

recommended developing of an Index to gauge the performance of the States. Following
the recommendation of the GoS on Governance, the Department of Administration Reforms
and Public Grievances (DARPG), Government of India launched the Good Governance Index
(GGI) Framework and published the ranking for the States and Union Territories (UTs) for
2019 on the occasion of Good Governance Day, i.e., 25 December 2019. Being a biannual
exercise, the DARPG, GoI has undertaken the preparation of GGI 2020-21.
The components of GGI Framework includes:
Governance Governance Indicators that assess the

Facet of governance
Sectors Indicators governance sectors
Principles for indicator selection are:
Simple and measurable
Output and outcome oriented
Usability of data and applicability across the

States and UTs
Time-series and authentic State-wise database
Good Governance Index i

2020-21
One of the prerequisites for any Index to remain relevant is to undergo a gradual progression
keeping the changing scenario in consideration. For the purpose, GGI Framework has been
kept flexible for improvements/revisions based on the need. The principles adopted to
design the Index and was used in 2019 is tweaked to not only include the outcome and
output-based indicators but also input and process-based indicators. This is in line with
the evolutionary approach in building the Index to make it broad-based and measuring
the Governance wholistic. The GGI framework that is presented now encompasses both
qualitative and quantitative aspects of Governance, although for computation of the index,
quantitative indicators are factored and a complete framework of qualitative, input and
process-based indicators is included in a new chapter introduced in GGI 2020-21.
The GGI 2019 encompassed 10 Governance Sectors and 50 Governance Indicators. For GGI
2020-21, same 10 Governance Sectors are retained while indicators have been revised to 58.
A comparative table for number of indicators under each sector is presented below:
Nos. of Indicators: GGI 2019 and 2020-21
No. of Indicators
# Sectors
2019 2020-21
1 Agriculture and Allied Sector 6 8
2 Commerce and Industry 3 5
3 Human Resource Development 6 7
4 Public Health 6 6
5 Public Infrastructure and Utilities 9 6
6 Economic Governance 4 4
7 Social Welfare and Development 8 10
8 Judiciary and Public Safety 5 5
9 Environment 2 4
10 Citizen Centric Governance 1 3
Total 50 58
In GGI 2020-21, new indicators are added based on the inputs received from the States and
through consultations and some indicators of GGI 2019 for which almost all States/UTs have
achieved the 100% compliance have not been included. GGI 2020-21 includes the following
sectors and associated indicators:
ii Good Governance Index

2020-21
Sectors and Indicators of Good Governance Index 2020-21

# Sectors # Indicators: GGI 2020-21
1 Growth of Agriculture and Allied Sector
2 Growth of Food Grains Production
3 Growth of Horticulture Produce
Agriculture and Allied 4 Growth of Milk Production
1
Sector 5 Growth of Meat Production
6 Growth of Egg/Poultry production
7 Crop Insurance
8 Agri. Mandis Enrolled in e-Market
1 Ease-of-Doing Business (EoDB)
2 Growth of industries
3 Change in No. of MSME Units Registered under Online
2 Commerce and Industry
Udyog Aadhar Registration
4 Increase in No. of Establishments Registered under GST
5 Start-up Environment
1 Quality of Education
2 Retention Rate at Elementary School Level
3 Gender Parity
Human Resource 4 Enrolment Ratio of SC & ST
3
Development 5 Schools with Access to Computers for Pedagogical
Purposes / Working Computers
6 Skill Trainings Imparted
7 Placement Ratio Including Self-employment
1 Operationalisation of Health and Wellness Centres
2 Availability of Doctors at PHCs
3 Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
4 Public Health
4 Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
5 Immunisation Achievement
6 No. of Hospital Beds per 1000 Population
1 Access to Potable Water
2 Connectivity to Rural Habitation
Public infrastructure & 3 Increase in Access to Clean Cooking Fuel (LPG)
5
Utilities 4 Energy Availability against the Requirement
5 Growth of Per Capita Power Consumption
6 Wards (Urban) covered by D-t-D waste Collection
Good Governance Index iii
2020-21
# Sectors # Indicators: GGI 2020-21

1 Growth in Per capita GSDP
2 Fiscal Deficit as a Percentage of GSDP
6 Economic Governance 3 State’s Own Tax Revenue Receipts to Total Revenue
Receipts
4 Debt (Total Outstanding Liabilities) to GSDP
1 Sex Ratio at Birth
2 Health Insurance Coverage
3 Rural Employment Guarantee
4 Unemployment Rate
Social Welfare & 5 Housing for All
7
Development 6 Economic Empowerment of Women
7 Empowerment of SCs, STs, OBCs and Minorities
8 Disposal of SC/ST Atrocity Cases by Courts
9 Banking outlets per 100,000 population
10 Aadhaar seeded Ration Cards
1 Conviction Rate
2 Availability of Police Personnel
Judiciary and Public
8 3 Proportion of Women Police Personnel
Safety
4 Disposal of Court Cases
5 Disposal of Cases by Consumer Courts
1 Change in Forest Cover
2 Proportion of Waste Recycle v/s Waste Generated
9 Environment 3 Percentage of Degraded Land
4 Growth in Installed Capacity of Grid Interactive
Renewable Power
1 Enactment of Right to Services Act by the States
Citizen Centric
10 2 Grievance Redressal Status
Governance
3 Government Services Provided Online to Citizens
In addition to the above identified quantitative Indicators distributed in ten sectors, additional
process and input-based indicators have been identified in each of these sectors and are
included in Chapter 5 of GGI 2020-21. In the framework discussed to prepare a wholistic
Governance Index, an approach and roadmap of inclusion of these indicators is presented.
Data collection templates and processes that are to be set in motion to achieve this objective
is also included in this chapter.
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2020-21
The data sources for the quantitative indicators include Agriculture Census, Studies of State
Budgets by Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Statistical Year Books and MIS Maintained by Central
Ministries, National Family Health Survey, National Crime Record Bureau, data published by
Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), District Information System
for Education (DISE), etc.,
For all the finalised indicators of GGI 2020-21, the raw data is sourced from the authentic
sources. The collected raw data are normalised using Dimensional Index Method and used
for ranking purpose after applying the respective weightages assigned to Governance
Indicators. Similar to GGI 2019, the Governance Sectors have equal weightage while the
Governance Indicators carry different weightages. With inclusion of new indicators and
omission of obsolete indicators, the weightages to all the indicators are reassigned (including
of retained indicators). Scores of Governance Indicators are aggregated for Sector-wise
Ranking of States and UTs. Sector-wise scores are aggregated for calculating Composite
Ranking.
To account for the variations in size and diversity of the States, they have been categorised
into four groups: (i) North-East and Hill States (11), (ii) Union Territories (7) (iii) Other States –
Group A (10) and (iv) Other States – Group B (8). While the State of Jammu & Kashmir has
been reorganised into two UTs: Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. However, for most of the
indicators, the data is yet to be made available in segregated manner and available for
Jammu and Kashmir as State. Therefore, GGI 2020-21 retained Jammu & Kashmir as State
in the category of North-East and Hill States for this edition of GGI. On the other hand, Dadar
Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu have been merged as a single UT. For the same reasons
explained for J&K, the data for indicators is yet to be reported as a single unit. Therefore,
for GGI 2020-21, Dadar & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu are shown separately under the
category of UTs.
The GGI 2020-21 ranks States and UTs in ten different Sectors. The score and ranks for GGI
2020-21 are computed based on 58 indicators and ten sectors instead of 50 Indicators
and nine sectors of GGI 2019 after inclusion of new indicators and omission of obsolete
indicators. Revision in the list of indicators has also led to redistribution of weightages. In
addition, the Other State category is further bifurcated into two categories Group A and
Group B, which were not part of GGI 2019, therefore, comparison of ranks of GGI 2019 and GGI
2020-21 between of States and UTs is neither been taken-up or presented. The composite
ranking GGI 2020-21 is as follows:
Good Governance Index v

2020-21
Other States – Group A Other States – Group B
Rank States Rank States
1 Gujarat 1 Madhya Pradesh

2 Maharashtra 2 Rajasthan
3 Goa 3 Chhattisgarh
4 Haryana 4 Jharkhand
5 Kerala 5 Uttar Pradesh
6 Karnataka 6 Bihar
7 Tamil Nadu 7 Odisha
8 Punjab 8 West Bengal
9 Telangana
10 Andhra Pradesh
North-East and Hill States UTs
Rank States Rank States

1 Himachal Pradesh 1 Delhi
2 Mizoram 2 Puducherry
3 Uttarakhand 3 Daman & Diu
4 Tripura 4 Chandigarh
5 Sikkim 5 A&N Islands
6 J&K 6 D&N Haveli
7 Assam 7 Lakshadweep
8 Nagaland
9 Manipur
10 Meghalaya
11 Arunachal Pradesh
To measure and identify incremental progress made by States, an additional measure of

comparative matrices is built and presented for each of the ten sectors. In this matrix, sector-
wise comparable and repeated indicators between 2019 and 2020-21 Indices is presented in
Chapter 3. This matrix captures the incremental change – either growth or decline in each of
the indicator is presented in easy-to-understand graphical mode followed by summary of
salient features and how States fare in these indicators. Additionally, category-wise sector
ranks are also included in Chapter 3.
Apart from being a ranking tool, the GGI triggered actions and many States and UTs improved
their scores in various sectors and thus improving their overall composite ranks. The ranking
vi Good Governance Index

2020-21
of the States and UTs brings about healthy competition amongst States and UTs from which
the citizens of the country are benefitted.
As a gradual progression some additional aspects are proposed to be included in the next
edition of GGI. Chapter 5 discusses the need for inclusion of qualitative aspects, approach for
inclusion of new indicators and making the required data available for index computation is
being added which will guide the preparation of futuristic Governance Index.
Good Governance Index vii

2020-21
Acknowledgement
The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG),
Government of India partnered with National Centre for Good Governance
(NCGG) and Centre for Good Governance (CGG), Hyderabad in designing and
development of Good Governance Index 2020-21. DARPG is grateful to the Group
of Secretaries (GoS) on Governance for their overall guidance in preparation of
the index in general and direction for indicator selection in particular.
Despite the pandemic which have imposed roadblocks and stressed our
existing systems, the Ministries and States have participated and supported
in development of the index. DARPG acknowledges the support and inputs
provided by the representatives of various Ministries and Departments of Central
Government for sparing their time during the virtual meetings while bringing out
the GGI 2020-21. It is also gratefully acknowledged various State Governments
for participating during State-level virtual consultations and providing States’
views on different aspects of index framework and providing feedback and
comments which was incorporated in the GGI 2020-21.
We are thankful to Shri Sanjay Singh, IAS, Secretary, DARPG for his support
with valuable inputs, insights and encouragement. We sincerely appreciate
the unwavering support at every step provided by Shri V. Srinivas, IAS, Special
Secretary, DARPG and Director General, NCGG.
Support received from Shri N.B.S Rajput, IAS, Joint Secretary, DARPG is of
immense value. Support extended by Shri Satish Jadhav, Director, DARPG is dully
acknowledged. We would like to put on record the crucial support provided by
the team at DARPG comprising Smt. Prisca Mathew, Deputy Secretary and Shri
Gyaprasad, Smt. Vibhuti Panjiyar, Shri Rakesh Chandra, Under Secretaries and
Smt. Ranjana Mallik, PS, DARPG.
The Index framework is a collective effort of the NCGG and CGG’s design and
development team, who ungrudgingly extended their support and help in
designing the index and preparation of the report. The relentless support of
Shri Rajendra Nimje, ex-IAS, Director General, CGG is acknowledged. Sincere
appreciation to CGG team especially Shri Shabbeer Shaikh, Director, CGG
supported by Shri Vaibhav Purandare and Smt. Hijam Eskoni Devi, Programme
Managers who shouldered the responsibility of data collation, estimation,
visualisation at all levels and development of the Report.
Good Governance Index ix

2020-21
Abbreviations
ASER : Annual State of Education Report
BC : Backward Communities
CAAs : Constitutional Amendment Act
CAGR : Compound Annual Growth Rate
CBHI : Central Bureau of Health Intelligence
CGG : Centre for Good Governance
CPGRAMS : Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System
CSO : Central Statistical Organisation
DARPG : Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
DIPP : Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
DISE : District Information System for Education
FRBM : Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management
GDP : Gross Domestic Product
GER : Gross Enrolment Ratio
GGI : Good Governance Index
GoI : Government of India
GoS : Group of Secretaries
GSDP : Gross State Domestic Production
GST : Goods and Services Tax
GVA : Gross Value Added
HHs : Households
HMIS : Health Management Information System
HWC : Health and Wellness Centres
IMR : Infant Mortality Rate
IT : Information Technology
LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas
MGNREGA : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
MHRD : Ministry of Human Resource Development
MIS : Management Information System
MMR : Maternal Mortality Ratio
Good Governance Index xi

2020-21
MoSPI : Ministry of Statistics and Programme implementation

MSME : Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
NAS : National Achievement Survey
NCGG : National Centre for Good Governance
NeSDA : National e-Governance Service Delivery Assessment
NFHS : National Family Health Survey
NHM : National Health Mission
NIEPA : National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration
NIPFP : National Institute of Public Finance and Policy
NITI : National Institution for Transforming India
NSDP : Net State Domestic Product
OBC : Other Backward Class
PAI : Public Affairs Index
PHC : Primary Health Centre
PMAY : Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
PMJAY : Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
RBI : Reserve Bank of India
RMSA : Rashtriya Madhayamik Shiksha Abhiyan
RTE : Right to Education
SBM : Swachh Bharat Mission
SC : Scheduled Caste
SDG : Sustainable Development Goal
SDMS : Skill Development Management System
SoGR : State of Governance Report
SRS : Sample Registration System
SSA : Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
ST : Scheduled Tribe
UDAY : Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana
UDISE : Unified District Information System for Education
UG : Under Graduate
UIP : Universal Immunisation Programme
UT : Union Territory
WGI : World-wide Governance Indicators
xii Good Governance Index

1 Introduction
Economies around the world are going are facing the quintessential challenge of
through fundamental transformation. identifying not only where to spend their
Good Governance is a key component of resources but how to spend them more
this transformation. Aspiring population, effectively.
especially tech savvy new generation of New
India is demanding improved services. New India is a constitutional democracy following
technologies are increasing information a federal structure of governance since
accessibility – in such scenarios, the role independence. The Indian Constitution has
of governments at all levels is undergoing clearly provided institutional mechanism to
profound positive transformation. The accommodate two sets of polities, i.e., first
response of the governments in these at the national level (Union Government)
scenarios has been bringing result-oriented and second at the regional levels (State
policies and programmes that address the Governments). Subsequently, a third level
aspirations of the populace. The challenge with rural and urban local bodies with 73rd
before the governments is to devise these and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts
policies and programmes such a way that (CAAs) was established. The jurisdiction and
maximise economic opportunities for all relationship between the Central and State
while sustaining social fabric. Governments Governments have clearly been defined by
2020-21
the Seventh Schedule of Constitution with stories in the form of implementation

Union (List-I), State (List-II) and Concurrent of social welfare programmes such as
List (List-III). Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Health Care for
All, Education and Rural Development, Jan
Based on the Concurrent List, there are Dhan Yojana, Ujjwala Yojana and Pradhan
certain areas of policy which are shared Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)-Urban among
between the two. Therefore, both levels of others are comprehensively documented
Governments play vital role in providing recently by Shri V. Srinivas, IAS, Special
public goods such as basic education, Secretary, DARPG, Govt. of India in his book
primary health care, public order, property titled as Toward a New India: Governance
rights, macroeconomic management, Transformation 2014-19 1.
livelihood creation, disaster relief, protection
of environment, etc. With present government’s focus on
‘minimum government but maximum
The Indian Constitution presents the governance2 , the Central Government is
country as “a Union of States”, therefore, it guiding and assisting the State Governments
is imperative for all levels of Governments to undertake various measures / reforms
to act in synchronised way with highest to improve the quality of governance as
possible cooperation with each other for well as achieving universal access of basic
improving the quality of life of citizen and minimum services.
moving towards the growth of the nation.
Basing the objectives of cooperative Despite having a constitutional set-up
federalism, the present union government is providing similar structure, powers, roles
committed to place Centre-State relations and responsibilities and constant support
on an even keel and striving for harmonious from the Central Government; there are
Centre-State relations. Furthering the cause, wide disparities in the quality of governance
it has also constituted National Institution as well as in the standards of living among
for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog, inter- the States. Although, it is well recognised
alia, to actualise the important goal of that Indian States vary in size, topography,
cooperative federalism and to enable good economic status, social and cultural
governance at Centre and State-levels with features, among other characteristics, they
a strong belief of strong States will make a are governed by the same Constitution
strong nation. as well as national policies and laws. They
have almost similar public institutions and
The efforts have already started yielding follow common administrative practices
positive results and some of the success for the most part. Despite this, some
1 Srinivas V.; Toward a New India: Governance Transformation 2014-19; 2019; Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
2 http://www.narendramodi.in/minimum-government-maximum-governance-3162
2 Good Governance Index

2020-21
States have performed well in achieving of governance and impact of various

various outcomes and some have started interventions taken up by Central and
showing sign of improved future conditions. State Governments including UTs. Based
Such scenario calls forth to develop a on the GGI Framework, the Index provides
comprehensive framework which can a comparative picture among the States
assess the State of Governance and its while developing competitive spirit for
impact on the lives of common citizen. improvement. GGI 2020-21 tracks the
progress made by the States and UTs post
Therefore, following the recommendation the release of GGI 2019. In the process, the
of the Group of Secretaries (GoS) present Index is further strengthened by
on Governance, the Department of incorporating the valuable inputs received
Administrative Reforms and Public from various states on GGI 2019.
Grievances (DARPG), Government of India
(GoI) with Centre for Good Governance
Good Governance Index
(CGG), Hyderabad as technical partner, A comprehensive and implementable
has developed a comprehensive Good framework to assess the State of
Governance in all the States and UTs
Governance Index (GGI) Framework and
which enables ranking of States/Districts
published the ranking for the States and and present a comparative picture.
Union Territories (UTs) for 2019 on the
occasion of Good Governance Day, i.e., 25 In this context, DARPG, GoI has decided to
December 2019 . 3
ameliorate its previous effort of GGI 2019.
One of the prerequisites for any Index to
1.1 Good Governance Index remain germane is to undergo incremental
As envisaged to be a bi-annual exercise, progression keeping the changing scenario,
the process for preparation of GGI 2020-21 thereby adding new metrics in the form
was initiated soon after the release of 2019 of new indicators and sectors. In tune with
Index under the leadership of Secretary the above stated goal, the GGI Framework
and Special Secretary, DARPG. The National has been kept flexible for improvements/
Centre for Good Governance (NCGG) was revisions based on the need. Additionally,
also taken onboard for preparation of GGI GGI 2019 was critically reviewed by various
2020-21 while CGG, Hyderabad continues to State Governments/UTs and academicians
provide technical support. and appreciatively provided some insightful

inputs/suggestions. Adding ‘Citizen Centric
The objective behind developing GGI is to Governance’ as a new Sector to the set of
create a tool which can be used uniformly nine sectors, which formed the core of GGI
across the States to assess the state 2019 was well received and has now been
3 https://darpg.gov.in/whatsnew/good-governance-index-2019-launched-dr-jitendra-singh-mospp-25-dec-19-
presence-secy-dopt
Good Governance Index 3

2020-21
included as a tenth sector of GGI 2020- the farmers can be achieved by linking the
21. Similarly, as all States achieved 100% mandis to e-Markets. The enhanced flow
compliance of some of the indicators, these of information will increase the bargaining
indicators are not repeated in GGI 2020-21. power of farmers and reduce their
Instead, based on the inputs received from vulnerability. Thus, an additional indicator
States and through consultations, 16 new ‘Agriculture Mandis Enrolled in e-Market is
indicators are included. included in GGI 2020-21. Literature review
suggests that agriculture and allied sectors
However, it has been decided that some do not usually find place in other indices
of the critical aspects of GGI 2019 would that are in vogue. This is a primary sector
remain unaltered (detailed out in following and by nature is dependent on large
chapters). For the purpose of reading external factors such as topography; agro-
convenience, the Report of GGI 2020-21 climatic zones; rainfall; traditional cropping
reiterates core structure of GGI Framework pattern; soil, etc. While the remaining nine
which were part of Report of GGI 2019 and sectors of the GGI can be sewn through
mentions the changes made in GGI 2020-21 commonly, agriculture and allied services
specifically. greatly differ from one region to the other.
In order to maintain parity and have a
1.2 Sectors
sense of commonality, attempt is made
Ten sectors were identified for the GGI 2020- to aggregate the production by way
21, and it comprises 58 indicators. of including generic indicators such as
Agriculture growth rate, food grains production, etc.
& Allied
Citizen
Centric
Sectors Commerce
and
Some of the indicators of this sector are
Governance Industry
derived indicators as calculated by Central
Environment
Human
Resource
Statistical Organisation (CSO) in real value
Development
Good terms.
Governance
Index
1.2.2 Commerce and Industry

Judicial & Public
Public Health
Safety
Social Public Central and State governments are coming

Welfare & Infrastructure
& Utilities
up with a number of schemes for the
Development
Economic
Governance
development of commerce and industries

1.2.1 Agriculture & Allied Sectors to, inter-alia, uplift the economy, Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) and employment.
In Agriculture and allied sector, eight
To assess the reform measures taken
indicators have been identified with a focus
by State Governments for promoting
on output and institutional support like
industries, it is decided to directly consider
crop insurance. Accessibility of multiple
the scores obtained by the States as part
selling/buying options for crop produce to
of annual Ease-of-Doing-Business (EoDB)

2020-21
exercise undertaken by the Department of enrolment ratio, gender parity, skill trainings
Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade and placement ratio are also included. A
(DPIIT), GoI. total of seven indicators are identified in
this sector. There were obvious conflicts
In addition to providing impetus to the in finalising the indicators. For instance,
conventional industrial set-up, following the
infrastructure, process and policy-based
global trend, the country is embracing the
parameters play significant role in defining
new Startup ecosystem which is attracting
this sector. Since the principles assumed
thousands of young talented brains. The
in developing the GGI is outcome and
Startups has potential to infuse innovations
output-based, many natural and obvious
and could lead to significant improvements
indicators are not included. There were
in self-employment and livelihood
also debates on how some States are in
opportunities. Therefore, an additional
‘advanced’ stages of achieving universal
indicator is included under the sector for
education and literacy leading skewed
GGI 2020-21. With the introduction of Goods
index. The proponent States argued early
and Services Tax (GST) across the country,
intervention and concerted efforts of
more and more services and industries are
investing time and energies in achieving
registering since their business turnovers
universal education/literacy should be
warrant them to register and pay GST. A
given due recognition. Attempts are made
new indicator to measure the growth in
to moderate this debate by including
registrations of new services/industries
indicators that measure the achievements
under GST is included to this sector. A closer
in terms of quality of education, availability
look at the set of indicators in this sector
reveal a full cycle of indicators that do not of computers in Schools (newly added),
measure the growth in traditionally big etc. Skill development indicator is included
industries, but Micro, Small and Medium to measure the readiness of the States to
Enterprises (MSMEs) and Startups along with meet the skilled labour requirements..
growth in GST registrations there by giving

1.2.4 Public Health
a comprehensive and whole picture of this
sector. Combinedly, these indicators would Public Health is one of the priority areas
reflect the achievement of the particular for development. Under this sector, six
State/UT and the reforms measure it has key indicators are identified looking at
taken. the outcomes like Maternal Mortality
Ratio (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR),
1.2.3 Human Resource Development
immunisation achievement, etc. Overall
Indicators have been identified focussing on operationalisation and resources
learning outcomes like quality of education availability are also captured through
and retention rate. In addition, indicators like indicator such as availability of doctors

2020-21
at Primary Health Centres (PHCs). improvement in the economy of any State

Operationalisation of Health and Wellness has been measured by the growth in Gross
Centres and Number of hospital beds per State Domestic Production (GSDP). For
1000 population are new indicator which making comparison among States, merely
are added. This assumed more importance looking at the GSDP may not present the
in the pandemic situation where there holistic picture of the economy. Hence, per
was lack of hospital beds were reported. A capita growth in GSDP has been included.
careful scrutiny of these indicators compels In addition, fiscal deficit as a percentage
to infer that most of these are output- of GSDP and debt to GSDP, other indicators
based; made possible when other ancillary like State’s own tax revenue receipts to total
and associated interventions are in place.
revenue receipts is also included. Total four
For instance, MMR improvement is only
indicators have been finalised in this sector.
possible when pre and post-natal support in
terms of nutrition and other such measures 1.2.7 Social Welfare & Development
are made available by the States. Similarly, In social welfare and development sector, ten
other indicators in this sector are outcome indicators have been identified attempting
of available infrastructure, right policies to cover the overall gamut of the welfare and
and streamlined processes. development arena. This sector covers the
areas like social protection, employment,
1.2.5 Public Infrastructure & Utilities
housing, empowerment of poor, vulnerable
The basic infrastructure and utility services and disadvantaged, etc. GGI 2020-21 has
like water, sanitation, road connectivity, added two additional indicators reflecting
clean cooking fuel and power supplies availability of banking services and Aadhar
which are priority areas for the Governments seeding of Ration Cards.
are captured in this sector with the help of
1.2.8 Judiciary & Public Safety
six indicators. The indicators include access
to water, availability of door-step collection The judicial and public safety sector is
of solid waste (in urban areas), road critical as it reflects upon law and order
connectivity to rural habitations, access situation and looks into efficiency of
to clean cooking fuels and availability of judicial procedure, matters related to
power supply. police, criminal justice, public safety, etc.
Five indicators are selected in this sector
1.2.6 Economic Governance
which include conviction rate, availability
The economic performance of the State of police personnel, proportion of women
is assessed through various indicators police personnel, disposal of court cases
included under this sector. For decades, and disposal of cases by consumer courts.

2020-21
1.2.9 Environment more indicators for assessing the status of

environment across the States and UTs.
Realising the criticality of environmental
sustainability for sustainable development, 1.2.10 Citizen Centric Governance
Environment has been taken as a separate As discussed in previous section, this is
sector. As depleting forest area is a main a new sector included in the GGI 2020-
area of concern, the change in forest 21. The expectation of the citizen in terms
area has been included as an indicator in of more transparent, accessible, and
the sector. Indicator selection under this responsive services from the public sector is
sector was particularly constrained due increasing. In response, Government is also
to limited availability of homogeneous making efforts to improve service delivery
data/information across the States. As a through use of information technology,
beginning, GGI–2019 had two indicators online portals, use of mobile applications,
of which one is omitted and added three etc. Enactment of Right to Service Act is
additional indicators by sourcing the data one of such measures. The Citizen Centric
from Ministry of Statistics and Programme Governance sector has included indicator
Implementation (MoSPI), Govt. of India. The to capture the same..
subsequent edition of Index will press for

Broad governance aspect Generic to
to measurable indicators Specific
National Level
All aspects of Consultative
360 Degree Ministries of GoI
governance Process
State Governments
Citizen
Centric
Aspects directly impacting
citizens
2 Approach and Methodology

The concept of Good Governance is not governance, it is still a debate on whether
new but in recent years it is becoming a to take the absolute figure or the growth
major focus area. It includes concepts rate. While selecting the indicators,
of participatory, consensus-oriented, there were debates on whether to take
accountable, transparent, responsive, performance indicator or process and
effective and efficient, equitable and input-based indicator or a combination of
inclusive and follows the rule of law. The
both. Performance indicators refer to the
Centre and State Governments orient their
outcome related indicator. Process and
approach of policy making keeping these
input indicators refer to how outcomes are
characteristics in consideration which
achieved keeping the input and process
makes its application very vast. It makes
improvements at the core. Additionally,
the task of developing an index very difficult
indicator selection should also be guided
and complex.
with objective of developing trends over
There could be many ways of measuring a period and identifying areas for further
governance. While measuring the studies.
2020-21
To meet the stated objectives mentioned backed up by statistical methods. To meet

above, it is necessary to develop an index these requirements, a composite approach
as comprehensive as possible with certain has been adopted which included various
contours while covering major components consultations, determining different
of what constitutes governance. Further, principles, etc. The subsequent section
ranking the States and UTs based on provides details about all these.
score would call for a robust methodology
2.1 Literature Review
A detailed review of the existing models during the preparation of the GGI 2019.
of governance indices were carried out
along with comparative analysis of the For the GGI 2020-21, the new indices
frameworks like Status of Governance published by NITI Aayog, PAI, etc. were
Report (SoGR) Framework, Public Affairs reviewed and wherever appropriate,
Indices (PAI), Quality of Governance, considered while inclusion of new indicators.
Worldwide Governance Indices (WGI), etc.
2.2 Approach to the GGI Framework
The genesis of designing and developing an from re-inventing the wheel and saves
index for assessing the status of governance effort and time.
among the States and UTs emanated as
one of the recommendations of GoS on While identifying the governance sectors,
Governance. The DARPG, GoI has taken a zero-based approach was adopted
forward this recommendation in preparing and guidance from existing frameworks
the index. The selection of indicators and the was taken. Schedule VII (List II and III) of
methodology for the composite index were Indian Constitution (Article 246) has been
among the most challenging tasks and considered and Sustainable Development
are guided by the recommendations. The Goals (SDGs) of United Nations are also
proposed framework utilises the existing referred. The approach adopted for the
models of Governance Indices as well as preparation of the Good Governance Index
other frameworks available including the is as follows:
Constitution of India by adapting those
models in terms of its horizontal and vertical
coverage. This approach saves the project

2020-21
Figure: Approach to GGI Framework
A. Consulative and Citizen

• National and State-level Consultations
Centric
B. 360 Degree and • Within the entire spectrum of governance, only the most critical
Pragmatic aspects are finalised allowing pragmatic measurement
• Broad sectors encompass the entire governance spectrum;

C. Generic-to-Specific
furhter divided into indicators that get measured
• Indicators identified can be measured quantitatively majorly

D. Simple and Quantitative
based on the available secondary data
2.2.1 Consultative and Citizen Centric Approach
Rigorous consultations at various levels Nainital, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Panaji.

were carried out at different stages for
finalising the GGI Framework. For the GGI 2020-21 also an elaborated
consultation process was undertaken. The
During the preparation of the GGI 2019, Central Ministries/Departments concerned,
a detailed consultation at National- and State Governments were consulted
level was carried out to discuss the initial through virtual meetings and requested to
approach and methodology for design submit their detailed inputs and comments.
and development of GGI and to seek Inputs were received from 23 Ministries
inputs for refinement in the same. Three / Departments and 19 States & UTs. In
rounds of consultations with 25 Ministries addition, the draft framework was uploaded
of Government of India were undertaken to on DARPG portal seeking suggestions.
understand their mandate/priorities and
focus areas as well availability of State/ The received inputs/comments indicated
District-level database to identify suitable a generous appreciation for the DARPG,
indicators. The GoS on Governance was GoI and showed general acceptability
consulted for their inputs and they had for the proposed GGI concept. All the
suggested to limit the number of indicators, received inputs/ comments were of
which are outcome and output-oriented. immense value and aimed at enhancing
State-Level consultations were carried out the comprehensiveness of the index. After
to seek States’ feedback / comments / a detailed internal analysis, the indicators
suggestions on draft list of indicators and under various sectors including weightages
subsequent amendments were made. have been revised and the GGI 2020-21 has
For the purpose workshops were held at been finalised.

2020-21
2.2.2 Citizen Centric Approach
Citizen-centric approach enables indicators capture the essence of needs in

governments to focus on service delivery the life cycle of a person, starting from birth,
levels and drives them for attaining citizen education, employment, welfare, etc. It is
satisfaction and an overall improvement in also ensured that indicators capture the
quality of life. While selecting the indicators, overall needs like food security, health care,
citizen requirements from governments education, public infrastructure, safety and
are kept first and service delivery is looked security, justice, etc.
through the eyes of the citizen. Identified
2.2.3 360-Degree and Pragmatic Approach
While identifying the sectors and indicators, measurement is possible. In cases where
all possible dimensions are considered required data is not available presently,
and brainstormed so that the entire those indicators were not included in the
spectrum is covered. After considering all present framework used for ranking and
possible aspects, the most critical aspects properly documented to be referred or
are finalised for identification of broad used in next editions of GGI.
sectors and indicators, where pragmatic
2.2.4 Generic-to-Specific Approach
Major sectors that encompass the establishes a clear-cut and logical

governance spectrum are identified first correlation among the broad sectors,
and then these broad sectors are divided indicators and data items and provides a
into several indicators that contribute to rational drill-down.
these sectors. Data Items that facilitate
measurement of these indicators are
worked out and measurement mechanisms
concerned are identified. This approach

2020-21
2.2.5 Simple and Quantitative
For the GGI framework to be measurable should allow a cross-State comparisons

and implementable, it is required that the and quantitative analysis and also explore
indicators which are identified are simple trends over time.
to calculate and comprehend. Indicators
2.3 Principles of Selection of Governance Indicators
The above-mentioned approaches For data collection, option for primary data
assisted in identification of broad spectrum collection was rejected because existing
/ sectors for index. The selection of studies show that it has poised a hurdle
measurable aspects under each sector in index calculation as there is lack of
is broadly driven by data availability. resources for selecting samples or the cost
The existing data has a lot of limitations of conducting such surveys would be huge
in terms of providing a comprehensive and not viable. Moreover, the secondary
picture of governance. In some cases, the data are more reliable and accounted for,
data does not cover all States/Districts and leading to easy roll-out of the index.
limited to sample States, population, etc.
Sometimes data is not available on a yearly Therefore, with this context, the following
basis and some indicators do not reflect principles governed in finalising the
a time series data. The significance of indicators:
ready data availability through secondary
z Simple and measurable
source is premised on the fact that the GGI
z Output and outcome oriented
should be implementable without having
z Usability of data and applicability
to depend on primary data collection.
across the States and UTs
Authenticity of the data which is available
z Time-series and authentic State-wise
is a huge challenge. And hence, data
database – available data, which the
captured by private agencies at respective
respective Departments/Ministries, GoI
Districts/States is not considered unless it is
will be able to provide are considered
authenticated at the Central Ministry level.
for the calculation of GGI score.
2020-21
In addition to the main principles followed ideal. However, it could not be part of the
for selecting the indicators, mandate of GGI because of lack of data availability.
Ministries of GoI, latest State and District- However, GGI is designed to expand and
level data availability at Central level and include any number of indicators that
outputs of ongoing flagship programmes meet the principles of indicator selection.
and missions are also considered. In coming years, the design of GGI would
encompass developing data collection
Design and development of a templates which may allow inclusion of
comprehensive index is dependent on new indicators.
authentic and verified data. GGI is designed
to assess the outcomes and output of the With State of Governance in the States as
interventions at the State level. Identification the focus of GGI, process and input-based
of the indicators, therefore, is paramount indicators are as important and critical as
important. While the set of indicators to output and outcome-based indicators.
be included could be many more in any However, including such indicators is
given section, following pre-set principles dependent on primary data collection
in identifying appropriate indicators needs through surveys or other means. Such
to be applied. In the process, not every measures are time and resource intensive.
indicator, otherwise relevant and critical, As mentioned above, inclusion of such
can be included because it does not meet indicators can be considered in future
the pre-set criteria as discussed above. For Indices. Adherence to the suggestions of
example, in Agriculture Sector, inclusion of GoS on Governance to focus on outcome
farmers’ income as a parameter would be / output-based indicators in the initial

2020-21
formative years of the GGI, has helped assigning weights in the future. It might
in retaining the focus of index on actual also be useful for defining benchmarks
achievements by the States with some taking the exercise away from minimum
inevitable exceptions. and maximum values for arriving at the
normalised score at least for some of the
The data generated during the initial years indicators.
of implementation of this index would
be helpful in refining the index as well as
2.4 Data Source
The availability of data across the States present GGI takes into consideration only
and its reliability along with acceptability data which is available with the Ministry
among the stakeholders is vital for the GGI. with one exception in Human Resource
Therefore, it is proposed to identify only Development Sector and which has a time
authentic sources for data from which series measurement.
data would be collected and compiled. The
Figure: Identified Indicative Data Sources
Reserve Bank Statistical Year

of India (RBI) National Sample Books & MIS
Census of India
Studies of State Survey Maintaind by
Budgets Central Ministries
District
Indian Public Indian Public National Crime Information
Finance Statistics Finance Statistics Record Bureau System for
Education (DISE)

2020-21
2.5 Components of Good Governance Index Framework
The developed Good Governance Index Framework includes:
Governance Governance Indicators that assess the

Facet of governance
Sectors Indicators governance sectors
A guiding input for indicator selection came No. of

from the GoS on Governance, suggesting # Sectors Indicators
to include only outcome and/or output- 2019 2020-21
based indicators and in case of non- Agriculture and Allied
availability of data on such indicators, some 1 6 8
Sector
proxy indicators (input and/or process-
Commerce and
based) can also be included. With detailed 2 3 5
Industry
deliberations through an iterative process
Human Resource
with various stakeholders including GoS on 3 6 7
Development
Governance, 50 indicators were part of GGI
4 Public Health 6 6
2019.
Public Infrastructure
5 9 6
Based on the inputs received on previous and Utilities
exercise and depending on the prevalent Economic
situation, GGI 2020 includes some additional 6 4 4
Governance
indicators and omit obsolete indicators (for Social Welfare and
which almost States/UTs have achieved 7 8 10
Development
the ultimate output). While retaining the
same 10 Governance Sectors, GGI 2020 8 5 5
Safety
encompasses 58 Governance Indicators. A
9 Environment 2 4
comparative table for number of indicators
Citizen Centric
under each sector is presented below: 10 1 3
Governance
Total 50 58

2020-21
2.6 Methodology - Ranking Computation
This section provides details about data detail in all the stakeholder consultations.
capture from various sources of data and Based on consensus, it was decided to
the process followed for calculating sector include ranking considering the
and indicator-wise scores for final ranking
of the States and UTs. The GGI consists z present status – called as Absolute, and
of a limited set of relevant indicators z incremental improvements – called as
categorised in 10 broad sectors. For ranking Growth.
the States based on these selected sectors
and indicators, two approaches emerged: The framework provides the above-
mentioned options, however, the index
(i) to rank the States based on their implementing agency, have to decide on
present status, which is a cumulative effort the approach to be used for ranking of the
made by the States over the years since States. It may decide to use either of the
their formation (or their erstwhile States), approaches or both or by combining both
and types of indicators based on its objective/s
of undertaking the rankings. This process
(ii) equally important to assess the of ranking based on above-mentioned
rapid progress achieved or attempts made approaches is completed by following the
for higher achievements by the States in below mentioned four steps:
recent years.
Both the approaches were deliberated in
Step I: Compilation of Necessary Data/Information
Calculation of the 58 different indicators datasets. In order to rank the States based
under 10 sectors prescribed in the GGI on second approach, i.e., Growth-based, a
requires data on a large number of facets base year which should be three (at least)
covering various aspects of governance or five years (to be decided based on the
at State-level. To begin with, the index data availability) preceding the reference
implementing agency needs to fix the year.
reference year for ranking the States as
per Absolute Ranking Approach. However, As mentioned before, criteria of selection
the index implementing agency has to of indicators, inter-alia, is the availability
keep scope for making exceptions as far of time-series data (invariably necessary
as reference year concerned for some for Growth-based ranking) with the
indicators due to unavailability of latest central ministries and/or departments.

2020-21
These secondary sources include annual indicators may not be available from these
reports, statistical reports, Management sources at central level, in such cases data
Information System (MIS), factsheets, etc. also needs to be compiled from State-
For some indicators such as IMR, MMR, etc., level reports published by respective State
data needs to be compiled from Sample Governments which are already available
Registration System (SRS) of Registrar in public domain. The identified data
General & Census Commissioner, Ministry source has been mentioned against each
of Home Affairs, Government of India which indicator in subsequent section. The raw
undertakes sample survey across the data collected as part of this step should
country at regular interval. For indicators be aggregated through an MIS database
which are based on population (or total allowing year-on-year comparisons and
number of households), it is decided to State-wise documentation of progress.
use the latest data available which is Such data collection should be a periodic
based on recent survey/study with central exercise and should be executed through a
ministry/department concerned. Otherwise robust framework for ensuring reliable and
data from Census of India 2011 should be regular data collection for all indicators
considered. across the States.
There is a possibility that data for some
Step II: Normalisation of Indicator Values
Statistically, there is no sanity in comparing purpose of ranking the States as part of

variables which are expressed in different GGI, the Dimensional Index Methodology is
units. Therefore, it is required to convert applied.
the variables with mixed scales into
dimensionless entities, so that they can be Dimensional Index Method5 is most
compared and used for ranking purpose commonly used for normalisation of values
easily. This way of conversion is known as and subsequent ranking. In this method,
normalisation4 . It helps in measuring and the normalised value of each indicator
comparing composite indicators with is obtained by subtracting the minimum
ease. It also makes the aggregation of value among the set from the raw value of
indicators meaningful. There are various indicators and then dividing it by the data
methods available to normalise variables range (maximum – minimum value). The
and attain scores for the States based on maximum and minimum values for each
their performance on the 58 indicators indicator are ascertained based on the raw
and compiling them sector-wise. For the values for that indicator across the States
– combining all States and UTs without
4 https://www.coursera.org/lecture/data-genes-medicine/data-normalization-jGN7k
5 ibid

2020-21
considering the proposed categorisation. comparison across all States and can
This approach is specifically adopted also be used for generating overall ranks -
so that such calculation would permit without considering the categorisation.
The following two equations be used to normalise the indicator values:
Dimensional Score for Positive indicators:

Score = (Indicator Value – Minimum Value) / (Maximum Value – Minimum Value)
Dimensional Score for Negative indicators:

Score = (Maximum Value – Indicator Value) / (Maximum Value – Minimum Value)
Where:
Positive Indicator = for which Higher Value is better
Negative Indicator = for which Lower Value is better
Indicator Value = Available through Secondary Sources
Maximum Value = Highest Indicator Value among the States & UTs
Minimum Value = Lowest Indicator Value among the States & UTs
The above-mentioned equations would indicator. The following equation be used

be directly used for Absolute Ranking for calculating CAGR:
Approach by taking the values of indicators
for reference year. In case of the Growth- CAGR = (Value of Reference Year /
based Ranking Approach, this exercise Value of Base Year) (1 / n) – 1 X 100
would be undertaken after calculating Where:
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) n = number of periods
over base year to reference year for each
Step III: Assigning Weightages
Equal Weightage to Sectors: As mentioned level. In addition, there is a possibility that

earlier, while conceptualising GGI, various during a particular period, one State might
aspects of governance, which are critical be more focused and channelising its
for growth, development and inclusiveness resources towards some limited prioritised
need to be measured, have been clustered sectors due to issues of regional importance.
under ten sectors. All the identified ten And, at the same time, there is a possibility
sectors are facets of equal importance from that one State might be giving equal
the point of view of citizen-centric approach importance to all sectors at once allocating
for such comprehensive index at national resources equally. In such scenarios, there

2020-21
would definitely be a difference in outcomes extensive reading/study of the available

achieved by either of the States. In such research in the sectors. In addition, attempts
circumstances, the index should not provide have been made to arrive at a consensus on
any advantage or disadvantage to States assigned weightages during consultative
for ranking purpose. Therefore, it is decided meetings. The assigned weightages remain
to give equal weightage to all sectors the same for both the ranking approaches.
irrespective of the approach followed for
ranking. It should be noted that if the data is missing
for a State for a particular indicator, that
Differential Weightages for Indicators: As indicator is dropped from calculation of the
already mentioned that outcome / output- State and the indicator weight is redistributed
based indicators were given priority as per among the other indicators within the same
the suggestions of GoS on Governance for sector for that State. The same approach
indicator selection and at the same time is adopted by the NITI Aayog in its recently
selection was restricted due to availability of published index.
data. Therefore, the outcome / output-based
indicators are assigned higher weightage By no means the assigned/suggested
whereas proxy indicators (input/process- weights are final. At any given point of
based) are assigned lower weightage. implementation, either the Department
Assigning higher weightages to outcome/ (DARPG) or the respective Ministries/
output-based indicators brings the focus Departments could intervene to change the
on performance and achievements of weights as per the need/requirement/focus.
States. While assigning weightages citizen- Revising the assigned weightage would
centricity is remained at the core, however, certainly become necessity, whenever the
still it is a highly subjective and debatable. index implementing agency decides to
In arriving at the weights, care is taken to be include additional indicators or exclusion of
rational and the weights are derived from indicators from existing list.
Step IV: Computation of Scores and Ranking
After completing data normalisation sector and once sector-wise scores are
process, the normalised value of each aggregated, it becomes State’s GGI score
indicator needs to be multiplied with to be used for ranking purpose. Although
weightage assigned to indicator in order to the strength of the present index lies in its
obtain the final indicator score. These final comprehensive publishing of stacking the
individual indicator scores are aggregated States as per the ranks, a more pragmatic
to obtain a value for the sector. These approach is to consider sector-specific
aggregated values after multiplication with ranking of the States. By adopting this
sector weight becomes the score for the approach, there would be 10 rankings

2020-21
which are generated sector-wise, thereby above-mentioned methodology, the index

recognising the sector-based focus of implementing agency can rank all the
States. States and UTs without any categorisation to
assess the standing of a State in comparison
Scoring process remains the same for both to other States (as explained in Step II).
the ranking approaches. By following the
Assigning Weightage Scoring
State’s GGI Score Ranking of States
2.7 Categorisation of States
GGI includes all the States as well as UTs activity or levels of economic development
for assessment and ranking purposes and including historical investments/emphasis
it is commonly agreed that there are wide laid on infrastructure development in the
disparities such as geographical, historical, States leads to yet another grouping as
administrative structure, population size, emerging and emerged States.
etc., within the States and among the States
and UTs. There is also a pronounced disparity In an exercise aimed at measuring the
in terms of varying degree of development. State of Governance in the States; one that
There are several terms such as developed/ is designed to compare among the States,
developing and under-developed States etc. grouping of States throws up a challenge.
are used to categorise the States. Economic In the previous iteration of GGI, as an initial/

2020-21
first generation GGI, an already available States’ are now sub-grouped into two –
grouping of States that DARPG, GoI adopts in Group A and Group B as presented below.
recognising best governance initiatives was The remaining groups as NE and Hill States
adopted. This addressed to some extent the and UTs are continued.
rationality, equity, and level-playing field
needed while comparing the States. The Effectively, the grouping or re-grouping
three categories that DARPG follows: of States is a blended approach of NITI
Aayog’s SDG India Index and the PM
(i) North-East and Hill States (11) Awards’ Excellence in Public Administration
(ii) Union Territories (7) and grouping of States. Accordingly, the GGI
(iii) Other States (18). scores – both sectoral and overall ranking
is adapted to suit to this new grouping
The design and development of GGI- scheme introduced in GGI 2020-21. As has
2020-21, like previous iteration, followed been the trend, designing and developing a
similar approach of wide consultations Good Governance Index is a dynamic and
with all the stakeholders including key evolving process. Along with several new
Stakeholders – the States. One commonly dimensions that are being introduced in GGI
expressed opinion was to take a re-look of 2020-21, the new grouping of States is also
grouping of States especially the group of a method adopted and it would be further
Other States (18). While there were varying refined and perfected in the future iterations
and diverse suggestions, re-grouping of of the GGI. While the State of Jammu &
States especially the eighteen States is Kashmir has been reorganised into two UTs:
a challenge and yet required, to address Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. However,
some concerns. In recent years, there have for most of the indicators, the data is yet to
been several indices that are brought out by be made available in segregated manner
NITI Aayog. SDG India Index is one such index and available for Jammu and Kashmir
released by NITI Aayog in March 2021. Based as State. Therefore, GGI 2020-21 retained
on the development parameters, States Jammu & Kashmir as State in the category
are grouped into Achiever, Frontrunner and of North-East and Hill States for this edition
Performer States. This grouping is specifically of GGI. On the other hand, Dadar and Nagar
done to assess the SDG achievements by the Haveli and Daman and Diu have been
States and had a specific purpose. However, merged as a single UT. For the same reasons
it offered us to mix and match this grouping explained for J&K, the data merger for the
of States with that of the PM Awards for indicators is yet to take place and reported
Excellence in Public Administration grouping as a single unit as against two separate UTs,
of States that DARPG adopts. For a limited for GGI 2020-21, under UTs, D&NH and D&D
purpose of GGI 2020-21, the eighteen States are shown separately.
which otherwise were grouped as ‘Other

2020-21
Other States – Group A Other States – Group B
i. Andhra Pradesh i. Bihar

ii. Goa ii. Chhattisgarh
iii. Gujarat
iii. Jharkhand
iv. Haryana
iv. Madhya Pradesh
v. Karnataka
vi. Kerala v. Odisha
vii. Maharashtra vi. Rajasthan
viii. Punjab
vii. Uttar Pradesh
ix. Tamil Nadu
viii. West Bengal
x. Telangana
North-East and Hill States UTs
i. Arunachal Pradesh
i. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
ii. Assam
iii. Himachal Pradesh ii. Chandigarh
iv. Jammu & Kashmir

iii. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
v. Manipur
vi. Meghalaya. iv. Daman and Diu
vii. Mizoram
v. Lakshadweep
viii. Nagaland
ix. Sikkim vi. National Capital Territory of Delhi
x. Tripura
vii. Puducherry
xi. Uttarakhand

2020-21
3
Sectors and
Indicators

Growth of Agriculture and Allied Sector
Growth of Food Grains Production
Agriculture & Allied Sector

Growth of Horticulture Produce
Growth in Milk Production
Growth in Meat Production
Growth in Egg/Poultry Production
Crop Insurance
Agriculture Mandis Enrolled in e-Market
1 Agriculture and Allied Sector

1.1 Agriculture and Allied Sector Indicators
Agriculture & allied sector (i.e. Agriculture, 54.6% is agricultural workers6 . India’s food
Horticulture, Livestock and Fisheries) plays processing industry accounts for about 32%
a vital role in Indian economy. Though this of the country’s food market and is ranked
sector continues to be the backbone and fifth in terms of production, consumption
is the pillar of the Indian economy, it is not and growth7 .
included in the existing indices like SoGR,
WGI, PAI, etc. In India, despite furtherance The Government is working towards
of industries and service sector after ensuring doubling farmers’ income by 2022
liberalisation and opening up of economy, and reduce agrarian distress. Initiatives are
this sector remains very crucial. taken by the Government of India in order to
improve the effectiveness of the sector. The
The growth rate of Gross Value Added (GVA) initiatives are focused on every aspect in
in Agriculture and allied sector at constant development of the sector - input, process
(2011-12) prices stands at 2.4%. This sector and output & outcome related. Few of the
accounted for 17.1% of India’s GVA at current initiatives include scheme for development
basic price in 2018-19. Of the total workforce, of infrastructure creation (like irrigation,
6 Agriculture Statistics at a Glance – 2018 by Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture &
Farmers Welfare, GoI
7 https://www.ibef.org/industry/agriculture-india.aspx
2020-21
storage, godowns, etc.), agricultural understanding, using indicators such as the

marketing, crop insurance, mission on following:
agriculture extension and technology, a. Growth of agriculture and allied
mission for sustainable agriculture, etc. activities
b. Growth of food grains production
Different States have different focus in c. Growth of horticulture production
agriculture. Comparing the States on the d. Growth in milk production
level of agriculture production, etc. may be
e. Growth in meat production
irrelevant since this is largely driven by the
f. Growth in egg/poultry production
agro-climatic conditions of the States. For
the purpose of current GGI framework, all To achieve the goals of various development
the States are compared as per a similar plans, reduce the effect of natural disasters
overall set of indicators. and seasonal variations, decrease the
number of farmer suicides, agricultural
Two indicators have been added to the assistance is required in terms of subsidies,
previous lists. One being egg/poultry insurances, loans, etc., which adds upon the
production as it contributes to the sector following indicator:.
and another is Agriculture Mandis Enrolled
g. Crop insurance
in e-Markets, providing options to farmers
for buying and selling of their produce in The enhanced flow of information through
the form of linkage to e-market assumes e-markets will increase the bargaining
importance. power of farmers and reduce the
vulnerability for farmers. Thus, the following
The progress in agriculture and allied sector indicator is included:
is reviewed and quantified for a detailed
h. Agriculture Mandis Enrolled in e-Market
For Indicator Ranking, details on each indicator are presented in the following table:
Indicator Growth of Agriculture and Allied Sector
Being a key for food security, there should be a continuous increase which should be
Rationale
sustained at a higher rate
Ranking
Absolute Growth-based
Approach
(a) Combined agriculture and allied (a) Combined agriculture and allied sector
sector production of reference year production for reference year
Data Items*
(b) Combined agriculture and allied (b) Combined agriculture and allied sector
sector production of preceding year production for base year
(a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n is number of

Formula (a) – (b) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit %
Central Statistics Organisation (CSO), 2020 publication, Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Data Source
Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India
Note: * = Directly calculated figure is also available from CSO, GoI

2020-21
Indicator Growth of Food Grains Production
One of the main outputs of primary sector contributing to food security as well economy as
Rationale
a whole
Ranking
Approach
(a)Total food grain production of (a)Total food grain production of reference
reference year year
Data Items
(b)Total food grain production of
(b)Total food grain production of base year
preceding year
Formula (a) – (b) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit %
Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2020 published by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers

Data Source
Welfare, Government of India
Indicator Growth of Horticulture Produce
The diverse soil and climate comprising several agro-ecological regions in India, provides
Rationale the opportunity to grow a variety of horticulture crops, which plays a unique role in economy
by improving the income of the rural people
Ranking
Approach
(a)Total horticulture production of (a)Total horticulture production of reference

reference year year
Data Items
(b)Total horticulture production of
(b)Total horticulture production of base year
preceding year

Formula (a) – (b) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit %
Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2020 published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
Data Source
Indicator Growth in Milk Production
As part of dairy sector, milk production provides benefits such as nutritive food,
Rationale supplementary income and productive employment for family and plays a key role in the
economic sustainability of rural areas in particular
Ranking
Approach
(a)Total milk production of reference year (a)Total milk production of reference year
Data Items
(b)Total milk production of preceding
(b)Total milk production of base year
year
Formula (a) – (b) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit %
Basic State-wise statistics published by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB),
Data Source Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,
Government of India

2020-21
Indicator Growth in Meat Production
Vital part of the food system and one of the main sources of self-employment especially
Rationale to farmers during lean agriculture season while directly contributing to economy through
export-related activities
Ranking
Approach
(a)Total meat production of reference

(a)Total meat production of reference year
year
Data Items
(b) Total meat production of preceding
(b) Total meat production of base year
year

Formula (a) – (b) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit %
Basic Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Statistics 2019 published by the Ministry of
Data Source
Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India
Indicator Growth in Egg/Poultry Production
Contributes to economy and employment at grassroot level and an important nutrient

Rationale
supplement.
Ranking
Approach
(a)Total egg/poultry production of (a)Total egg/poultry production of reference
reference year year
Data Items
(b) Total egg/poultry production of
(b) Total egg/poultry production of base year
preceding year
Formula (a) – (b) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit %
Basic Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries Statistics 2019 published by the Ministry of
Data Source
Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India
Indicator Crop Insurance
Provision of insurance at subsidised premium by State for crops provides an additional

Rationale support / relief to the farmers if crop is damaged by attack of pests, flood, drought or any
other reasons
Ranking
Approach
(a) Total area of crop insured in reference
(a) Total area of crop insured in reference year
Data Items year
(b)Total area of crop in reference year (b)Total area of crop insured in base year
Formula (a) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit %
Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2020 published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
Data Source

2020-21
Indicator Agriculture Mandis Enrolled in e-Market
Farmers accessibility to sell/buy by linking the mandis to e-Markets and expand their
Rationale
options of selling their produce, thereby reducing vulnerability.
Ranking Approach Absolute Growth-based
(a) % of agriculture mandis enrolled with

Directly Calculated Figure
e-market of reference year
Data Items
(b) % of agriculture mandis enrolled with
e-market of base year
Formula -
periods
Unit %
Sustainable Development Goals-National Indicator Framework Progress Report, 2021

Data Source
by MoSPI, GoI
1.2 Agriculture and Allied Sector Incremental Progress
This section presents incremental change between GGI 2019 to GGI 2020-21 for those
indicators that are common in both indices
Other States: Group A

Andhra Pradesh Goa

2020-21
Gujarat Haryana
Karnataka Kerala
Maharashtra Punjab

2020-21
Tamil Nadu Telangana
Note:
AAS = Compund Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Agriculture and Allied (Sector) Activities
FGP = CAGR of Food Grain Production
HP = CAGR of Horticulture Produce
Milk = CAGR of Milk
Meat = CAGR of Meat
Crop Ins’ance = Crop Insurance
Salient Features of incremental growth in Group A States:
z The primary sector of Agriculture and Allied Sector in this set of States showed overall
increasing trend in all the indicators except in Kerala.
z The increasing trend observed in all States in food grain, horticulture, meat and milk
production is common among all Group A States except in Kerala which is showing
equal reverse declining trend.
z The crop insurance is showing growth in most of the States in this group.

2020-21
Other States: Group B

Bihar Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh
Odisha Rajasthan

2020-21
Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Note:
AAS = Compund Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Agriculture and Allied (Sector) Activities
Milk = CAGR of Milk
Meat = CAGR of Meat
Salient Features of incremental growth in Group B States:
z Contrary to the increasing trend noticed in the previous set of States, in these indictors, for
these set of eight States, there is general decline in the trend in food grains, horticulture,
milk and meat production. However, in Odisha and Jharkhand, while the milk and meat
production is showing increasing trend, similar trend in other indicators is not observed.

2020-21
North-East and Hill States

Arunachal Pradesh Assam
Himachal Pradesh J&K
Manipur Meghalaya

2020-21
Mizoram Nagaland
Sikkim Tripura
Uttarakhand
Note:
AAS = Compund Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of
Agriculture and Allied (Sector) Activities
Milk = CAGR of Milk
Meat = CAGR of Meat

2020-21
Salient Features of incremental growth in North East and Hill States:

z Horticulture production which is the mainstay of North-East States is showing a declining
trend except in Manipur. In HP and J&K Hill UT, there is improvement in Horticulture
Production as this is their main economic activity. Crop Insurance in some of the NE
States is increasing, however overall, this is also on the declining trend.
UTs
A&N Islands Chandigarh
D&N Haveli Daman & Diu

2020-21
Delhi Lakshadweep
Puducherry
Note:
AAS = Compund Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of
Agriculture and Allied (Sector) Activities
Milk = CAGR of Milk
Meat = CAGR of Meat
1.3 Agriculture and Allied Sector Ranking
The GGI framework assigns differential weightages for Indicators. The outcome / output-
based indicators are assigned higher weightage whereas input/process-based indicators
are assigned relatively lower weightage and attempts have been made to arrive at a
consensus on assigned weightages during consultative meetings. It should be noted
that with inclusion of new indicators and omission of obsolete indicators, weightages are
reassigned to even retained indicators of GGI 2019 in GGI 2020-21. The assigned weightages
for present scoring and ranking are given in Annexure 1.
The States and UTs are scored and ranked based on the published data collated from

2020-21
various sources as mentioned in the preceding chapters. GGI takes into consideration
only data which is available with the Central Ministries / Departments which has a time
series measurement. The identified secondary sources were cross-checked with Central
Ministries/Departments once again for any other updated secondary sources. Data-point-
wise sources are provided as Annexure 2. The category-wise ranking of States and UTs for
Agriculture and Allied Sector is presented as part of this section.
Other States – Group A
Rank States Score

1 Andhra Pradesh 0.635
Andhra Pradesh 0.635
2 Haryana 0.507 Haryana 0.507
3 Maharashtra 0.490 Maharashtra 0.490
Tamil Nadu 0.485
4 Tamil Nadu 0.485
Karnataka 0.443
5 Karnataka 0.443 Gujarat 0.426
Telangana 0.413
6 Gujarat 0.426
Punjab 0.382
7 Telangana 0.413 Goa 0.368
8 Punjab 0.382
Kerala 0.296
9 Goa 0.368
10 Kerala 0.296
Other States – Group B
Rank States Score

1 Madhya Pradesh 0.652 Madhya Pradesh 0.652
2 Chhattisgarh 0.547 Chhattisgarh 0.547
Jharkhand 0.509
3 Jharkhand 0.509
Rajasthan 0.501
4 Rajasthan 0.501 Odisha 0.450
5 Odisha 0.450 Bihar 0.442
Uttar Pradesh 0.435
6 Bihar 0.442
West Bengal 0.380
7 Uttar Pradesh 0.435
8 West Bengal 0.380

2020-21
North East and Hill States
Rank States Score

1 Mizoram 0.613 Mizoram 0.613
Sikkim 0.487
2 Sikkim 0.487
J&K 0.463
3 J&K 0.463
Tripura 0.412
4 Tripura 0.412 Assam 0.406
5 Assam 0.406 Manipur 0.391
6 Manipur 0.391 Uttarakhand 0.386
Himachal Pradesh 0.371
7 Uttarakhand 0.386
Meghalaya 0.296
8 Himachal Pradesh 0.371 Nagaland 0.250
9 Meghalaya 0.296 Arunachal Pradesh 0.241
10 Nagaland 0.250
11 Arunachal Pradesh 0.241
UTs
Rank States Score
1 D&N Haveli 0.517 D&N Haveli 0.517

2 Puducherry 0.407 Puducherry 0.407
A&N Islands 0.340
3 A&N Islands 0.340
Lakshadweep 0.277
4 Lakshadweep 0.277 Chandigarh 0.254
Delhi 0.232
5 Chandigarh 0.254
Daman & Diu 0.212
6 Delhi 0.232
7 Daman & Diu 0.212
Notes:
(i) No data was available for Growth Rate of Food Grain Production for Chandigarh and Lakshadweep,
therefore, indicator weightage has been equally distributed to other indicators.
(ii) No data was available for Growth Rate of Horticulture Produce for any of the UTs and Goa, therefore,
indicator weightage has been equally distributed to other indicators.
(iii) No data was available for Growth Rate of Meat Production for Dadra and Nagar Haveli, therefore, indicator
weightage has been equally distributed to other indicators.
(iv) No data was available for Growth Rate of Egg/Poultry Production for Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Delhi,
(v) No data was available for Agri. Mandis enrolled in e-Market for North East States, UTs (except Chandigarh
and Puducherry), Bihar, Goa, J&K, Karnataka and Kerala, therefore, indicator weightage has been equally
distributed to other indicators.

2020-21
Ease-of-Doing-Business (EoDB)
Commerce and Industry

Growth of Industries
Change in No. of MSME Units Registered

under Online Udyog Aadhar Registration
Increase in No. of Establishments

Registered under GST
Start-ups Environment
2 Commerce and Industry

2.1 Commerce and Industry Sector Indicators
This sector encompasses the governance ‘information technology’ as enabler to make

aspects of industry and commerce governance more efficient. Government is
covering EoDB, industrial growth, MSME taking initiatives to catalyze startup culture
establishments, number of Start-ups and and build a strong and inclusive ecosystem
establishments registered under GST. for innovation and entrepreneurship in
India.
Central and State governments are working
towards furtherance of the industries and The State needs to encourage the
service sector. This sector is a key to the establishments by liberalising their
growth of the state economy, and it has a laws and by providing them with loans,
rippling effect with increase in employment. subsidies, etc. Many new initiatives taken
by the Government in the form of Make-
The growth of commerce and industry in a in-India, Invest India, Start-up India and
State depends on the resources available, e-biz Mission Mode Project under the
the laws favouring the development of national e-governance plan are facilitating
the sector, etc. Measures are taken up by investment and ease of doing business in
Government to simplify and rationalise the country.
the regulatory processes and introduce

2020-21
In order to measure the sector, the following c. Change in No. of MSME Units Registered
indicators have been prioritised: under Online Udyog Aadhar Registration

d. Increase in No. of Establishments
a. Ease of doing business
b. Growth of industries e. Start-up Environment
Indicator Ease-of-Doing-Business (EoDB)
Progress made by the State Governments in implementing reforms promoting ease with
which an entity can start and run and exit from a business is measured by the Department of
Rationale
Industrial Policy and Promotion, Govt. of India through EoDB assessment. The score is directly
taken into account without considering individual indicators.
Ranking
Approach
(a) EoDB Portal Score of reference year

Data Items EoDB Portal Score of current year
(b) EoDB Portal Score of base year
Formula - (a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n is number of periods
Unit Nos. %
Data Source Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Government of India
Indicator Growth Rate of Industries
Industries/businesses provide jobs, pay taxes to the government, contribute to GDP of

Rationale the country and thus economic growth. Being most important factor for an economy, the
sustained growth in number is very essential for development
Ranking
Approach
(a) Gross State Value (GSV) Added

(a) GSV Added by Economic Activity – Industry in
by Economic Activity – Industry in
reference year
reference year
Data Items*
(b) GSV Added by Economic Activity (b) GSV Added by Economic Activity – Industry in base
– Industry in preceding year year
Formula (a – b) / (b) X 100 (a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n is number of periods
Unit %
Data Source Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, 2019-20, RBI, Government of India

2020-21
Indicator Change in No. of MSME Units Registered under Online Udyog Aadhar Registration
MSME Sector is considered as key engine of economic growth in India and offers high potential
Rationale
for employment creation.
Ranking
Approach
(a)Total number of MSMEs registered

Data Items (a)Total No. of MSMEs registered in reference year
in reference year
(b)Total number of MSMEs registered

(b)Total No. of MSMEs registered in base year
in preceding year
Formula (a - b) / (b) X 100 (a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n is number of periods
Unit %
Data Source State-wise data Published by Ministry of MSME, Government of India
Indicator Increase in No. of Establishments Registered under GST

GST is a comprehensive tax reform designed to bring indirect taxation under one umbrella.
Filing GSTR 3B form is mandatory for all those who have registered for the GST. Measuring
Rationale
growth in eligible establishment required to file GSTR 3B provides a good metric to assess
progress of One National One Tax and expected revenue collection.
Ranking
Approach
(a)Total number of establishments

(a)Total number of establishments Registered under
Data Items Registered under GST in reference
GST in reference year
year
(b)Total number of establishments

(b)Total number of establishments Registered under
Registered under GST in preceding
GST in base year
year
Formula (a - b) / (b) X 100 (a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n is number of periods
Unit %
Data Source Statistics from GST Portal, Govt. of India
Indicator Start-up Environment

Realising the importance of Start-ups in infusing innovations and significant improvements
in self-employment and livelihood opportunities, States/UTs are enacting conducive policies
Rationale
that promote these initiatives. The increase in number of recognised start-ups would help in
analysing the success of such measures
Ranking
Approach
Data Items State Start-up Ranking Score (a) State Start-up Ranking Score in reference year
(b) State Start-up Ranking Score in base year
Formula - (a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n is number of periods
Unit Nos. %
States’ Start-up Ranking by Dept. of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce
Data Source
and Industry, and Startup India portal

2020-21
2.2 Commerce and Industry Sector Incremental Progress
indicators that are common in both indices.

Andhra Pradesh Goa
100.50 8.00 100.00 16.00

91.00
100.00 90.00 14.51
100.00 6.95 7.00 14.00
80.00
6.00 12.00
99.50 70.00
5.00 57.34 10.00
60.00
99.00
4.00 50.00 8.00
98.50 98.30 40.00
3.00 6.00
30.00
5.38
98.00
2.00 4.00
20.00
97.50 2.00
1.02 1.00 10.00
97.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

GGI - I GGI - II GGI - I GGI - II
EoDB GR of industry (%) EoDB GR of industry (%)
Gujarat Haryana
100.50 14.00 100.50 12.00

100.00 100.00
100.00 12.00 100.00
10.00
11.51 9.77
99.50
10.00 99.50
8.00
99.00
8.00 99.00
98.50 6.00
97.99 6.00 98.50
98.00 98.064.43 4.00
4.00 98.00
97.50 3.60
2.00
2.00 97.50
97.00
96.50 0.00 97.00 0.00


2020-21
Karnataka Kerala
101.00 12.00 90.00 85.00 9.00
100.00 80.00 8.00

100.00 10.54 7.91
10.00
70.00 7.00
99.00
8.00 60.00 6.00
98.00 50.00 44.82 5.00

6.00
40.00 4.00
97.00
96.42
4.00 30.00 3.00
96.00
20.00 2.00
95.00
2.12 2.00
10.00 1.00 1.00
94.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Maharashtra Punjab
100.00 10.00 120.00 7.00

99.00
99.00
8.78 9.00 100.00
100.00 6.03 6.00
98.00 8.00
97.00 5.00
7.00
6.81 80.00
96.00
6.00
4.00
95.00
5.00 60.00 54.36
94.00
92.88 3.00
4.00
93.00
40.00 2.55
3.00 2.00
92.00
91.00 2.00
20.00 1.00
90.00 1.00
89.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

95.00 12.00 99.20 10.00
94.00 99.00 9.00

10.36 99.00 8.78
94.00 10.00
8.00
98.80 7.00
93.00 8.00
6.00
98.60
92.00 6.00 5.00
98.40
98.28 4.00
91.00 90.68 4.00
98.20 3.00
3.11
2.00
90.00 2.00 98.00
1.00
89.00 0.00 97.80 0.13 0.00

Note:
(i) EoDB = Portal Score of Ease of Doing Business (EoDB)
(ii) GR of Industry = Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Industry

2020-21
z Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Punjab are reporting 100% achievement
in Portal Score of EoDB.
z Kerala & Punjab is the most improved in Portal Score of EoDB from GGI-I to GGI-II
z All ten States have shown significant improvement in these Indicators except
Maharashtra, there is minor dip in the growth rate of Industries.

Bihar Chhattisgarh
82.02 14.00 99.50 5.25

82.00 99.00
82.00 12.00 99.00 5.20
11.87 5.19
81.98 5.15
10.00 98.50
81.96 5.10
8.00 98.00
81.94 5.05
6.83
6.00 97.50 97.31
81.92 81.91 5.00
4.00 97.00 4.97

81.90 4.95
2.00 96.50 4.90

81.88
81.86 0.00 96.00 4.85

99.20 7.00 100.50 9.00

99.00 100.00
99.00 100.00 7.97 8.00
6.02 6.00
99.50
98.80 7.00
5.00 99.00
98.60 6.00
98.50
98.40 4.00 5.00
98.00
98.20 3.03 4.00
98.05 3.00
97.50 97.30
98.00 3.00
97.00
2.00 2.55
97.80 96.50 2.00
1.00
97.60 96.00 1.00
97.40 0.00 95.50 0.00


2020-21
Odisha Rajasthan
98.50 7.46 8.00

97.00 11.32 12.00
96.00 98.00
98.00 7.00
96.00 10.00
97.50 6.00
95.00
8.00
97.00 5.00
94.00
6.00 96.50 4.00
93.00
92.08 96.00 95.70 3.00
4.00
92.00
2.95 95.50 2.00
2.00
91.00
95.00 1.08 1.00
90.00 0.00 94.50 0.00

100.00 14.00 101.00 9.44 10.00

99.00 100.00
99.00 12.90 100.00 9.00
12.00
98.00 99.00 8.00
97.00 10.00 98.00 7.00
96.00
8.00
97.00 6.07 6.00
95.00
96.00 5.00
94.00
92.89 6.00
95.00 94.59 4.00
93.00
4.00 94.00 3.00
92.00
91.00 93.00 2.00
1.95 2.00
90.00 92.00 1.00
89.00 0.00 91.00 0.00

Note:
(i) EoDB = Portal Score of Ease of Doing Business (EoDB)
(ii) GR of Industry = Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Industry

z Uttar Pradesh and Odisha have an excellent growth rate of Industries. Uttar Pradesh
has shown increase from 1.95 to 12.90 in GR of Industries and 99% Portal Score of EoDB
followed by Odisha 2.95 to 11.32 and overall 96% Portal Score of EoDB.
z Madhya Pradesh is continuing to show significant change in Portal Score of EoDB from
97.30 to 100% and this is followed by West Bengal, the most improved state in Portal
Score of EoDB from 94.59 to 100%.
z All eight States are showing significant improvement in these Indicators except Bihar
and Chhattisgarh, there is minor dip in the growth rate of Industries.

2020-21

25.00 85.00 20.00
19.60 84.75 18.02 18.00

84.80
20.00 16.00
84.60 14.00
15.00
12.00
84.40
10.00
10.00 84.20
8.00
84.00
6.00
4.51 84.00 5.51
5.00
4.00
83.80
2.00
0.00
83.60 0.00
GR of industry (%)
EoDB GR of industry (%)
96.00 10.00 90.00 35.00

95.00 80.00
8.92 9.00 80.00 31.29
30.00
94.00
8.00 70.00
7.00 25.00
92.00 60.00
6.00
50.00 20.00
90.00 5.00
40.00
4.00
32.76 15.00
87.90
88.00 30.00
3.00 10.00
2.43 20.00
2.00
86.00 5.00
1.00 10.00
0.00
1.18 0.00
84.00 0.00
Manipur Meghalaya
2.50 3.50 1.20 12.00
1.00
2.002.94 3.00
1.00 10.04 10.00
2.00
2.50 8.00
0.80
1.50 2.12 2.00 6.00
0.60
1.50 4.00
1.00
0.40
1.00 2.00
0.50
0.27 0.50
0.20
0.00
-0.68
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00

2020-21
Mizoram Nagaland
18.00 12.00 16.00 12.00

16.00 14.16
16.00
11.12
14.00
10.00 10.28 10.00
14.00 12.00
12.00 8.00 8.00
10.00 7.72 9.00
10.00
6.00 8.00 6.00
8.00
6.00
6.00 4.00 4.00
3.663.10 4.00
4.00
2.00 2.00
2.00 2.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sikkim Tripura
2.50 10.36 10.60 22.50 22.45 9.00

10.40
8.46
2.00 22.40 8.00
2.00 10.20 7.00
22.30 6.70
10.00 6.00
1.50 22.20
9.80 5.00
22.10
9.60 22.00 4.00
1.00
22.00
9.40
9.37 3.00
9.20 21.90
0.50 2.00
0.14 9.00 21.80 1.00
0.00 8.80 21.70 0.00
Uttarakhand
Note:
(i) EoDB = Portal Score of Ease of Doing Business
100.00 99.00 14.00
(EoDB)
99.00 12.65 12.00 (ii) GR of Industry = Compound Annual Growth Rate
98.00 (CAGR) of Industry
10.00
97.00
96.00 7.93 8.00
95.00 94.24 6.00
94.00
4.00
93.00
92.00 2.00
91.00 0.00
GGI - I GGI - II

2020-21
Salient Features of incremental growth in North-East and Hills States:

z Out of eight NE States, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Tripura are showing decline
in the growth rate of Industries.
z Except Assam and Tripura which have declined in Portal Score of EoDB, all States in this
group are showing a healthy growth in Portal Score of EoDB
UTs
20.00 1.80 14.00 12.00

18.00
18.00 1.60 11.54
12.00 10.53
10.00
16.00
1.40
14.00 10.00
1.20 8.00
12.00
1.00 8.00
10.00 6.00
0.80 6.00
8.00 5.00
0.60 4.00
6.00 4.00
4.00 0.40
2.00
2.00
2.00 1.25 0.20 1.07
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

25.00
70.00
65.00
21.88
60.00
20.00
16.00 50.00
15.00
40.00
28.69
10.00 30.00
20.00
5.00
10.00
0.00 0.00
EoDB EoDB

2020-21
Delhi Lakshadweep
50.00 10.00
46.00 16.00
45.00 9.18 9.00 14.00
14.00
40.00 8.00
12.00
35.00 31.69 7.00
30.00 6.00 10.00
25.00 5.00 8.00

20.00 4.00
6.00
15.00 3.00
4.00
10.00 2.00
5.00
1.36 1.00
2.00
0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
EoDB GR of industry (%) EoDB
Puducherry
40.00 12.00 Note:

34.00 (i) EoDB = Portal Score of Ease of Doing Business
35.00 (EoDB)
9.97 10.00
30.00
(ii) GR of Industry = Compound Annual Growth Rate
(CAGR) of Industry
8.00
25.00
20.00 6.00
15.65
15.00
4.00
10.00
2.74
2.00
5.00
0.00 0.00
GGI - I GGI - II
Salient Features of incremental growth in Union Territories:

z Delhi and Chandigarh among the UTs has shown significant growth in Industries.
2.3 Commerce and Industry Sector Ranking
that with inclusion of new indicators and omission of obsolete indicators, weightage are

2020-21
wise sources are provided as Annexure 2.
The category-wise ranking of States and UTs for Commerce and Industry Sector is presented
as part of this section..
Rank States Score

1 Telangana 0.699
Telangana 0.699
2 Gujarat 0.662 Gujarat 0.662
3 Karnataka 0.660 Karnataka 0.660
Haryana 0.657
4 Haryana 0.657
Punjab 0.628
5 Punjab 0.628 Andhra Pradesh 0.627
Goa 0.626
Maharashtra 0.612
7 Goa 0.626 Kerala 0.604
8 Maharashtra 0.612 Tamil Nadu 0.553
9 Kerala 0.604
10 Tamil Nadu 0.553
Rank States Score

Uttar Pradesh 0.680
Odisha 0.660
2 Odisha 0.660
West Bengal 0.658
3 West Bengal 0.658 Madhya Pradesh 0.646
4 Madhya Pradesh 0.646 Rajasthan 0.638
5 Rajasthan 0.638 Jharkhand 0.629
Bihar 0.626
6 Jharkhand 0.629
Chhattisgarh 0.613
7 Bihar 0.626
8 Chhattisgarh 0.613

2020-21
Rank States Score
1 J&K 0.714
2 Himachal Pradesh 0.669 J&K 0.714

3 Uttarakhand 0.650 Himachal Pradesh 0.669
Uttarakhand 0.650
4 Assam 0.645 Assam 0.645
Mizoram 0.411
5 Mizoram 0.411
Sikkim 0.410
6 Sikkim 0.410 Tripura 0.376
Nagaland 0.321
7 Tripura 0.376
Arunachal Pradesh 0.267
8 Nagaland 0.321 Meghalaya 0.261
Manipur 0.116
10 Meghalaya 0.261
11 Manipur 0.116
UTs
Rank States Score
1 Daman & Diu 0.393 Daman & Diu 0.393

2 Delhi 0.391 Delhi 0.391
Puducherry 0.277
3 Puducherry 0.277
Lakshadweep 0.212
4 Lakshadweep 0.212 D&N Haveli 0.211
5 D&N Haveli 0.211 Chandigarh 0.210
A&N Islands 0.174
6 Chandigarh 0.210
7 A&N Islands 0.174
Notes:
(i) No data was available for Growth Rate of Industries for Andaman and Nicobar Island, Dadra and Nagar
Haveli, Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep, therefore, indicator weightage has been equally distributed to
other indicators.
(ii) No data available for Start-up Environment for Arunachal, Jammu & Kashmir. Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura,
D&N Haveli, Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Goa and West Bengal, therefore, indicator weightage
has been equally distributed to other indicators.

Quality of Education
Human Resource Development

Retention Rate at Elementary Level
Gender Parity
Enrolment Ratio of SC & ST
Skill Trainings Imparted
Placement Ratio Including Self-employment
Schools with Access to Computers
3 Human Resource Development

3.1 Human Resource Development Sector Indicators
Human Resource Development Sector covers strategic priority for the Government and
the primary and secondary education, skill country has made great strides in the field
development and other related areas. of education. India has over 250 million
school going students, more than any other
Education is one of the fundamental factors of
country. With the passage of the Right of
development. Education lays foundation for
Children to Free and Compulsory Education
sustainable and inclusive development. It is
Act in 2005 (RTE), elementary education
difficult to achieve sustainable development
became a right. Under various provisions of
without substantial investment in human
the Indian Constitution, free and compulsory
capital. Education plays a very crucial role in
education is made a fundamental right to
securing economic and social progress and
children between the ages of 6 and 14. The
improving income distribution.
pressures of economic growth and the acute
Education sector in India remains to be a scarcity of skilled and trained manpower
2020-21
must certainly have played a role to make outcomes which remain deplorable despite
the government take such a step. heavy financial and human inputs in the
education sector over the last few decades.
While quantitatively India is inching closer
Education must be pursued irrespective of
to universal education, the quality of its
gender, reservations etc. In order to capture
education has been questioned particularly
the scope of education, indicators like
in its government run school system. Over
Gender Parity Index and enrolment ratio of
the years the Government has taken steps
scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes
to improve the access, equity and quality
(ST) are included.
of education. Initiatives by the Central
government include Sarva Siksha Abhiyan
Use of computers is also one of the necessary
(SSA), Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen
requirements and hence schools with
Kaushal Yojana, Digital India, Skill India, etc.
access to computers is taken up as one of
new indicators.
The State Governments play a crucial role
in achieving education for all. In order to
Provision of education must be driven
measure the governance of the State in
through an objective. The cycle of education
provision of education facilities, it is not just
completes after skill training and placement
the infrastructure provision but the quality
or employment of the citizen. In order to
of education and retention rate that needs
measure the effectiveness of education
to be focussed which is captured as an
system, these parameters are also taken
indicator.
into consideration while formulating the
There are serious issues in learning indicators of the GGI.
Indicator Quality of Education
Number of years of schooling along with the cognitive abilities acquired during
these school years for the children is a is critical measure to assess the quality of
Rationale
education. Comparing the performance and assessing the initiatives by the States in
this important parameter must find inclusion in Education sector of GGI.
(a) Percentage of Students of Std. III who can read (a) Aggregated score of each
Std. I Level Text (Language) data item for reference year
Data Items
(b) Percentage of Students of Std. III who can do (b) Aggregated score of each
subtraction (2 digit number) data item for base year

2020-21
Normalised score of each data-item considering

each as individual indicator is to be calculated
(a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n
Formula* and aggregated. The aggregated score is used for
is number of periods
ranking purpose after multiplication with assigned
weight.
Unit %
Data Source# Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2019 by ASER Centre facilitated by Pratham
Note:
* = Method for calculating normalised score is provided in Section 2.6.1
# = As part of Human Resource Sector, this indicator is very critical. While identifying data source for the
indicators, it was found that the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India has
published a National Achievement Survey Report in 2012. The MHRD, GoI is in the process of rolling out similar
exercise on annual basis. Till such exercise comes out with data source Annual Status of Education Report
(ASER) by ASER Centre is being used, which is endorsed by the MHRD, GoI during consultations.
Indicator Retention Rate at Elementary Level (Grade I to VIII)
Children who do not complete at least five years of schooling are unlikely to retain
Rationale literacy and numeracy skills in their adulthood thus adding to the pool of illiterate
adults 8. Thus, retention rate becomes very important aspects to be assessed.
(a) Normalised score of reference year

Data Items* Directly calculated figure
(b) Normalised score of base year

Formula -
periods
Unit %
Dashboard of Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE)+ 2019-20,

Data Source Ministry of Education, Department of School Education & Literacy, Government of
India
Note:* = Method for calculating normalised score is provided in Section 2.6.1
Indicator Gender Parity Index
Access to education is key for ensuring women have access to economic opportunities,
Rationale improved health care, enhanced decision-making skills, representation in political
and economic processes, etc.

8 http://www.econcaluniv.ac.in/Arthanitiweb/book/2014/JM.pdf

2020-21

Formula -
periods
Unit %

Ministry of Education, Department of School Education & Literacy, Government of
Data Source
India
Indicator Enrolment Ratio of SC and ST
Education is a very important tool for upliftment of vulnerable sections of our society.
Rationale Enhanced enrolment of SC and ST would also indicate a win for the struggles for
equal rights to some extent


Formula -
periods
Unit %

India
Indicator Skill Trainings Imparted
In order to make use of demographic dividend India has, it is necessary to focus on

Rationale skill trainings to produce skilled manpower for contributing productively to economic
development.
(a) Total number of trainings done in

Data Items (a)Total number of people trained
reference year
(b)Total target allocated (total (a) Total number of trainings done in base
number of people enrolled) year

periods
Unit %
Dashboard of Skill Development Management System (SDMS) of Ministry of Skill

Data Source
Development, Government of India

2020-21
Indicator Placement Ratio including Self-employment
It is not only important to undertake skill trainings, but it is equally important that
Rationale people who got skill training should be employed in gainful activities and it is not
only limited to getting associated with a formal job but also starting own enterprise.
(a)Total placements done including (a)Total placements done including self-

self-employment in reference year employment in reference year
Data Items
(b)Total target allocated (trained) in (b)Total placements done including self-
reference year employment in base year

periods
Unit %
Dashboard of Skill Development Management System (SDMS) of Ministry of Skill

Data Source
Development, Government of India
Indicator Schools with Access to Computers for Pedagogy Purposes / Working Computers
To bridge the gap in digital divide and to prepare for future technology needs,
access to Computers in Government Schools is an important indicator of States’
Rationale
preparedness. Inclusion of this new indicator makes Human Resource Sector of GGI
2020 comprehensive and inclusive.
(a) Total number of Schools

(a) Schools with access to computers in
(excluding primary schools) in
reference year
reference year
Data Items
(b) Total number of schools with
(b) Schools with access to computers in base
working computers (excluding
year
primary schools) in reference year

periods
Unit %

India
3.2 Human Resource Development Sector Incremental Progress

2020-21

Andhra Pradesh
120.00 1.20
98.45
92.29
0.96
0.95
84.48
100.00 1.00
0.76
80.00 0.80
58.74
54.78
45.10
60.00
0.47
0.47
0.60
0.43
40.00 0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
Retention Rate at Skill Training Placement Ratio
Quality of Gender Parity Enrolment Ratio of
Elementary Level Imparted
Education Index SC& ST
(Grade I to VIII)
Goa
100.00
100.00
120.00 1.20
1.04
1.03
96.40
96.37
100.00 1.00
80.00
0.80
55.26
51.08
60.00
0.60
0.39
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.13
0.20
0.00
Elementary Level Imparted 0.00
(Grade I to VIII) Gender Parity Index Enrolment Ratio of SC& ST
Gujarat
120.00 1.20
97.84
1.04
1.04
90.23
89.80
100.00
80.98
1.00
80.00
0.80
53.28
0.55
60.00
0.49
37.66
0.60
0.37
0.34
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
Retention Rate at Skill Training Placement Ratio 0.00
Elementary Level Imparted Quality of Gender Parity Enrolment Ratio of
(Grade I to VIII) Education Index SC& ST

2020-21
Haryana
100.00
120.00 1.20
98.35
1.02
95.90
1.00
92.68
0.92
100.00 1.00
0.74
80.00 0.80
54.45
50.17
0.57
0.54
60.00
0.60
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
Karnataka
120.00 1.20
98.60
0.99
0.99
91.56
87.40
84.32
100.00 1.00
80.00 0.80
0.55
46.22
60.00
0.47
0.60
36.85
0.43
40.00
0.28
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
Kerala
100.00
100.00
120.00 1.20
98.42
1.00
1.00
94.84
100.00 1.00
0.83
0.72
80.00 0.80
0.51
60.00
39.25
0.60
33.21
0.38
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00

2020-21
Maharashtra
120.00 1.20
98.09
1.01
0.99
94.40
91.54
87.76
100.00 1.00
0.67
80.00 0.80
0.51
0.51
44.31
60.00 0.60
0.44
35.75
40.00 0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
Punjab
100.00
120.00 1.20
1.05
98.15
1.00
94.80
90.18
100.00 1.00
0.86
0.75
80.00 0.80
0.58
50.49
0.57
46.16
60.00
0.60
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
Tamil Nadu
120.00 1.20
97.80
96.21
1.01
1.00
94.67
86.30
100.00 1.00
0.70
80.00 0.80
57.98
51.05
60.00
0.60
0.44
0.32
40.00
0.40
0.20
20.00
0.20
0.00

2020-21
Telangana
120.00 1.20
97.65
1.00
0.99
94.02
100.00 1.00
80.00 0.80
57.89
52.54
0.54
0.48
0.60
0.46
60.00
0.36
40.00 0.40
20.00 0.20
0.00
0.00
Skill Training Imparted Placement Ratio Education Index SC& ST
Note: Enrolment Ratio of SC&ST = GGI normalised score using Dimensional Index Method

z Gender Parity Index which is a directly calculated figure being used in GGI, is showing
declining trend in Haryana and Punjab whereas in other States it is improving.
z Retention rate at elementary level which manifests the elementary school governance
issue, is showing an overall declining trend. One of the reasons could be higher private
school enrolment. But this is unverifiable.
z The Skill training imparted along with placement ratio are showing increasing trend in
all the States.

Bihar
1.07
120.00 1.20
1.04
98.28
85.20
0.87
100.00 1.00
75.80
0.79
80.00
58.14
0.80
46.19
60.00
37.97
0.60
0.38
0.36
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00

2020-21
Chhattisgarh
120.00
99.54
1.20
1.00
1.00
85.38
81.10
100.00
1.00
80.00 75.19
0.80
60.00
0.50
0.60
32.96
30.34
0.38
0.33
40.00
0.40
0.18
20.00
0.20
0.00
(Grade I to VIII)
GGI - I GGI - II
GGI - I GGI - II
Jharkhand
1.20
120.00
99.13
1.00
0.99
84.51
100.00 1.00
62.70
80.00 0.80
0.58
44.43
41.32
60.00
0.46
39.68
0.60
40.00 0.40
0.21
0.20
20.00
0.20
0.00
Madhya Pradesh
120.00 1.20
99.08
0.99
0.99
88.10
100.00 1.00
68.60
80.00 0.80
60.41
51.82
43.41
60.00 0.60
0.44
0.33
0.30
40.00 0.40
0.12
20.00
0.20
0.00
Quality of Gender Parity Enrolment Ratio
Education Index of SC& ST
(Grade I to VIII)
GGI - I GGI - II
GGI - I GGI - II

2020-21
Odisha
120.00 1.20
97.92
1.00
0.99
0.98
86.39
100.00 1.00
77.80
80.00 74.81 0.80
0.59
47.78
60.00
41.09
0.60
0.42
0.38
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
Rajasthan
120.00 1.20
98.36
1.01
94.84
0.99
100.00 1.00
71.70
80.00 0.80
57.31
52.27
0.54
43.07
0.49
60.00
0.60
0.30
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.10
0.20
0.00
Uttar Pradesh
120.00 1.60
1.39
98.37
89.03
1.40
100.00
1.08
1.05
1.20
68.30
61.60
80.00
1.00
47.84
41.94
60.00
0.65
0.80
0.54
40.00 0.60
0.34
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00

2020-21
West Bengal
120.00 1.20
99.50
1.01
1.00
92.66
100.00 1.00
80.00
61.70 0.80
53.28
51.17
0.57
0.57
45.21
60.00 0.60
0.38
40.00 0.40
0.25
20.00 0.20
0.00
0.00
(Grade I to VIII)
GGI - I GGI - II
GGI - I GGI - II

z Contrary to the lower retention rate at elementary levels reported in the previous set of
10 States, this rate in these eight States is higher and improved especially in States like
Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
z Gender Parity Index which is a directly calculated figure being used in GGI, has a steady
growth or has either maintained at previous levels or in some States like Rajasthan it is
marginally improved.
all the States.

Arunachal Pradesh
120.00 1.20
98.68
1.02
100.00 0.97
1.00
75.10
80.00
0.80
46.80
60.00
36.50
35.42
0.60
0.48
40.00
0.38
0.40
20.00
0.00
0.20
0.00

2020-21
Assam
120.00
98.09
1.20
1.021.04
83.06
100.00
1.00
62.90
80.00 62.41 0.80 0.76
0.62
40.93
60.00
0.60
32.54
40.00 0.40
0.40
20.00 0.16
0.20
0.00
Himachal Pradesh
120.00 1.20
98.35
97.60
1.02
96.30
1.01
100.00 1.00
0.84
77.37
0.80
80.00 0.80
42.81
40.95
60.00 0.60
0.43
0.41
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
J&K
120.00 1.20
98.45
1.03
96.60
1.01
100.00 1.00
64.40
63.11
80.00
0.80
51.49
44.17
60.00
0.60
0.46
0.46
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00

2020-21
Manipur
120.00 1.20
1.03
96.99
1.00
100.00 1.00
0.79
0.78
69.69
0.74
80.00 0.80
50.23
49.10
60.00
0.60
30.23
40.00
0.40
16.00
0.15
20.00
0.20
0.00
Meghalaya
1.87
120.00 2.00
96.86
1.80
100.00
1.60
76.23
1.40
80.00
1.03
1.01
1.20
48.92
47.35
47.30
0.88
60.00 1.00
0.80
40.00
0.60
0.33
0.23
20.00 0.40
0.00
0.20
0.00
Mizoram
1.63
120.00 1.80
96.47
1.60
100.00
1.40
80.00
1.20
0.99
0.96
49.30
47.20
60.00 1.00
34.55
0.68
0.80
28.15
40.00
0.60
20.00
4.14
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00
Gender Parity Index Enrolment Ratio of SC& ST
(Grade I to VIII)

2020-21
Nagaland
120.00 1.20
99.15
1.04
1.02
86.41
100.00 1.00
80.00
47.10 0.80
45.50
0.53
60.00
0.60
36.18
35.05
0.43
40.00
0.40
0.17
0.15
20.00
0.20
0.00
Elementary Level Imparted Quality of Gender Parity Enrolment Ratio
(Grade I to VIII) Education Index of SC& ST
Sikkim
0.91
0.92
120.00 1.00
98.74
0.90
100.00
79.70
75.82
0.80
69.88
0.62
80.00 0.70
0.57
0.60
60.00
0.50
34.21
40.00 0.40
0.30
20.00
3.92
0.20
0.00 0.10
Tripura
120.00 1.20
99.34
1.03
1.01
84.40
100.00 1.00
78.80
66.70
80.00 0.80
0.59
0.57
45.84
44.94
60.00
0.60
0.42
40.00
0.29
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00

2020-21
Uttarakhand
120.00
99.27
1.20
1.03
1.00
86.68
82.90
82.54
100.00
1.00
80.00
0.68
0.80
48.85
0.54
0.51
60.00
39.96
0.47
0.60
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00
Salient Features of incremental growth in North-East and Hills States:

z The retention rate at elementary levels in North-East and other hill States is maintained
at higher level and there is marginal improvement from previous GGI.
growth or has either maintained at previous levels in all North-East and hill states.
all the States.
UTs
A&N Islands
1.20
1.05
94.00
0.95
92.90 1.00
93.00
0.66
92.00 0.80
91.00
0.60
90.00 89.60
0.31
0.40
89.00
0.20
88.00
0.00
87.00 Gender Parity Index Enrolment Ratio of SC& ST
Retention Rate at Elementary Level (Grade I to VIII)
GGI - I GGI - II
GGI - I GGI - II

2020-21
Chandigarh
120.00 1.20 1.11 1.11

100.00 100.00
100.00 1.00
80.00 0.80
60.00 0.60
40.00 0.40
20.00 0.20
0.00 0.00
Retention Rate at Elementary Level (Grade I to VIII) Gender Parity Index
D&N Haveli
102.00 1.20
1.04
100.00
0.94
100.00
1.00
98.00
0.80
96.00
0.54
94.00 0.60
0.45
92.00 91.26
0.40
90.00
0.20
88.00
86.00 0.00
Retention Rate at Elementary Level (Grade I to VIII) Gender Parity Index Enrolment Ratio of SC& ST
Daman & Diu

1.10
1.20
96.00 94.80
1.03
94.00
1.00
92.00
90.00 0.80
88.00
0.60
0.43
86.00
84.34
0.33
84.00 0.40
82.00
0.20
80.00
78.00 0.00

2020-21
Delhi
1.20
1.06
1.04
120.00
100.00 100.00 1.00

100.00
0.80
80.00
60.00 0.60
0.40
0.26
40.00
0.23
20.00 0.20
0.00 0.00
Lakshadweep
93.50 1.20
93.00
0.98
93.00
0.89
1.00
92.50
92.00
0.80
91.50
91.00 0.60
90.50 90.22
0.40
90.00
89.50
0.09
0.07
0.20
89.00
88.50 0.00
Puducherry
1.11
120.00 1.20
99.40
96.30
96.22
1.02
90.32
100.00
1.00
62.13
80.00
0.80
45.29
60.00
0.51
0.60
0.43
40.00
0.40
20.00
0.20
0.00

2020-21

z The retention rate at elementary levels in the UTs including high density UTs like Delhi
and Puducherry is maintained at higher level and there is marginal improvement from
previous GGI.
growth or has maintained at previous levels in all UTs.
all the UTs.
3.3 Human Resource Development Sector Ranking
Human Resource Development Sector is presented as part of this section.

2020-21
Rank States Score

1 Punjab 0.698
Punjab 0.698
2 Haryana 0.696
Haryana 0.696
3 Kerala 0.692 Kerala 0.692
4 Goa 0.662 Goa 0.662
Maharashtra 0.650
5 Maharashtra 0.650
Gujarat 0.637
6 Gujarat 0.637 Karnataka 0.528
Tamil Nadu 0.522
7 Karnataka 0.528
Telangana 0.443
8 Tamil Nadu 0.522 Andhra Pradesh 0.403
9 Telangana 0.443
Rank States Score

1 Odisha 0.590 Odisha 0.590
2 Uttar Pradesh 0.568 Uttar Pradesh 0.568
Bihar 0.507
3 Bihar 0.507
Chhattisgarh 0.480
West Bengal 0.429
5 West Bengal 0.429 Jharkhand 0.417
6 Jharkhand 0.417 Rajasthan 0.398
7 Rajasthan 0.398 Madhya Pradesh 0.380
8 Madhya Pradesh 0.380
Rank States Score

1 Himachal Pradesh 0.649 Himachal Pradesh 0.649
2 Uttarakhand 0.607 Uttarakhand 0.607
Tripura 0.539
3 Tripura 0.539
J&K 0.462
4 J&K 0.462
Meghalaya 0.446
5 Meghalaya 0.446 Assam 0.441
6 Assam 0.441 Mizoram 0.435
7 Mizoram 0.435 Sikkim 0.429
Nagaland 0.372
8 Sikkim 0.429
9 Nagaland 0.372
Manipur 0.294
11 Manipur 0.294

2020-21
UTs
Rank States Score
1 Chandigarh 0.813
Chandigarh 0.813
Puducherry 0.761
3 Puducherry 0.761
Delhi 0.741
4 Delhi 0.741 Daman & Diu 0.723
A&N Islands 0.654
5 Daman & Diu 0.723
Lakshadweep 0.593
6 A&N Islands 0.654
7 Lakshadweep 0.593
Notes:
(i) No data was available for Quality of Education for UTs, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, J&K, Mizoram and Sikkim,
(ii) No data available for Retention rate for Telangana, therefore, indicator weightages have been equally
distributed to other indicators.
(iii) No data was available for Skill Training Imparted and Placement Ratio including Self-employment for UTs
(except Puducherry), therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other indicators.

Operationalisation of Health & Wellness Centres
Availability of Doctors at PHCs
Public Health
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Infant Mortality Rate
Immunisation Achievement
Number of Hospital Beds per 1000 Population
4 Public Health
4.1 Public Health Sector Indicators
Better health is central to happiness and of public health as among its primary
well-being and it contributes to the growth duties”. Lack of health infrastructure and
of the nation. This sector encompasses the services impacts the overall wellbeing of an
governance aspects of health covering individual, burdens the family and weakens
primary, secondary and specialised the society.
healthcare, health infrastructure and other
health administration aspects. The National Health Mission (NHM) focuses
on provision of good healthcare facilities
India has had a notable achievement in both in rural as well as urban areas.
Health sector since independence. The Initiatives are taken by the Government of
Constitution of India makes health in India India in order to improve the effectiveness
the responsibility of the State Governments, of the sector. Some of the initiatives are
rather than the Central Government. It National Health Mission, Bal Swachta
makes every State responsible for “raising Mission, Indradhanush scheme, Universal
the level of nutrition and the standard of Immunisation Programme (UIP), etc. The
living of its people and the improvement health insurance in India is a growing
2020-21
segment. In addition to the private insurers, time-bound manner and guarantees health
Government has started the Ayushman care services to all citizens, particularly the
Bharat Mission - National Health Protection underprivileged.
Mission or Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya
Yojana (PMJAY), an initiative in expanding The GGI 2020 included indicators which will
the health insurance net and targets 10 assess the efficiency and availability of the
crore poor and deprived rural population. healthcare facilities to common people in
The Centre declared the National Health the States in addition to those related to
Policy 2017, which promises to increase gender, nutrition levels and immunisation.
public health spending to 2.5% of GDP in a
Indicator Operationalisation of Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs)
HWCs are created to deliver Comprehensive Primary Health Care, that is universal
and free to users, with a focus on wellness and the delivery of an expanded range
of services closer to the community. HWC services go beyond Maternal and Child
Rationale
health care services and includes care for non-communicable diseases, palliative
and rehabilitative care, Oral, Eye and ENT care, mental health and first level care for
emergencies and trauma, including free essential drugs and diagnostic services.
(a) Total Number Operational Health (a) Total Number Operational Health
and Wellness Centres and Wellness Centres in reference year
Data Items
(b) Total Number Operational Health
(b) Target Health and Wellness Centres
and Wellness Centres in base year
(a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n is number

of periods
Unit %
Data Source Health and Wellness Centres portal of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GoI
Indicator Availability of Doctors at PHCs
Availability of competent professionals at PHCs is very critical from service delivery

Rationale point of view. As per the norms issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
it is necessary that all the required staff be posted at PHCs

2020-21
(a)Total Number of Doctors available at

(a)Total Number of Doctors available at PHCs in reference year
PHCs in reference year
Data Items
(b)Total Number of Doctors available at
(b)Total Number of Doctors Sanctioned PHCs in base year
for PHCs in reference year

of periods
Unit %
Rural Health Statistics 2019-20 published by the Ministry of Health and Family
Data Source
Welfare, GoI
Indicator Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
It is annual number of female deaths for every 100,000 live births due to any reason
Rationale concerned with or aggravated by pregnancy or its management. It directly reflects
on availability of pre-natal care, infrastructure, human resources, etc.
(a) MMR of reference year

(b) MMR of base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit Nos. %
Special SRS Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India 2016-18, Registrar General &
Data Source
Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA), Government of India
Indicator Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
It is the number of deaths of infants aged less than one year for every 1000 live
Rationale births. It reflects availability of pre & post-natal care, infrastructure, human
resources, etc.
(a) IMR of reference year

Data Items Directly calculated figure
(b) IMR of base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit Nos. %
Data Source SRS Bulletin, Registrar General & Census Commissioner, MoHA, GoI

2020-21
Indicator Immunisation Achievement
In order to lead a healthy life, immunisation is very important factor. It not only
Rationale assures a healthy future to a child but also helps in protecting the broader
community by minimising the spread of disease.


Formula -
of periods
Unit %
Data Source Dashboard of Intensified Mission Indradhanush 2.0, MoHFW, GoI
Indicator No. of Hospital Beds per 1000 Population
Health infrastructure is one of the primary needs and availability of the same is
Rationale
crucial for better service provision.
(a)Total Number of Hospital Beds a)Total hospital beds per 1000

available in reference year population in reference year
Data Items*
(b)Total Population of the State
(b) Total hospital beds per 1000
population in base year

of periods
Unit %
Dashboard of Intensified Mission Indradhanush 2.0, MoHFW, GoI and Census of

Data Source
India 2011

2020-21
4.2 Public Health Sector Incremental Progress

Andhra Pradesh Goa
120.00
97.83
96.61
90.21
89.96
100.00
74
80.00
65
60.00
32
40.00
29
20.00
0.00
Avail. of Immunisation MMR (Nos.) IMR (Nos.)
Doctors @ (%)
PHCs (%)
GGI - I GGI - II
Gujarat Haryana
86.21
100.00 120.00
82.77
91
79.72
101
89.11
90.00
70.83
85.06
91
100.00
75
79.53
80.00
70.00
64.10
80.00
60.00
50.00 60.00
40.00
30
28
40.00
30
30
30.00
20.00
20.00
10.00
0.00 0.00
Avail. of Immunisation MMR (Nos.) IMR (Nos.) Avail. of Immunisation MMR (Nos.) IMR (Nos.)
Doctors @ (%) Doctors @ (%)
PHCs (%) PHCs (%)

2020-21
Karnataka Kerala
108
104.38
94.72
93.53
120.00 120.00
90.55
89.15
88.14
83.10
80.73
92
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
46
43
40.00 40.00
25
23
10
20.00 20.00
7
0.00 0.00
PHCs (%) PHCs (%)
Maharashtra Punjab
97.34
98.54
129
122
94.56
120.00 140.00
79.40
93.05
92.25
100.00 120.00
80.94
100.00
66.84
80.00
61
80.00
60.00
46
60.00
40.00
40.00
19
19
21
20
20.00 20.00
0.00 0.00
PHCs (%) PHCs (%)

96.73
105.91
120.00
88.65
90.99
80.53
100.00
87.20
77.02
85.01
90.00 100.00
81
80.00
66
80.00
60
70.00
63
60.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
29
40.00
27
30.00
16
15
20.00 20.00
10.00
0.00 0.00
PHCs (%) PHCs (%)

2020-21
z Every State in this group, except Punjab, have shown significant improvement in MMR
and IMR. Karnataka has shown the most improvement in IMR from 108 to 92, while Punjab
has registered marginally higher infant mortality from previous GGI.
z The availability of Doctors at PHCs is showing a worrying trend of decline in all the States
(except Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat). While Goa has been the leader in this indicator,
even in this State there is marginal decrease in the percentage of doctors available at
PHCs.
z Except Gujarat, which has registered lower Immunisation (86.21 to 82.77% in GGI – I & II
respectively), all States have registered increased percentage of Immunisation of their
residents.
Bihar Chhattisgarh
200.00
165
173
180.00
159
149
180.00
160.00
160.00
140.00
140.00
97.04
120.00
93.59
85.95
89.23
120.00
81.82
100.00
100.00
80.00
47.84
80.00
45.27
42.26
60.00 60.00
41
38
35
32
40.00 40.00
20.00 20.00
0.00 0.00
PHCs (%) PHCs (%)

165
180.00 200.00
173
173
160.00 180.00
140.00 160.00
98.33
140.00
90.61
120.00
88.28
120.00
79.35
100.00
67.27
69.84
61.15
100.00
62.79
71
80.00
80.00
60.00
48
47
60.00
30
29
40.00 40.00
20.00 20.00
0.00 0.00
PHCs (%) PHCs (%)

2020-21
Odisha Rajasthan
180
200.00 250.00
180.00
199
150
160.00 200.00
164
140.00
120.00 150.00
84.38
83.70
69.16
87.10
100.00
85.02
64.21
79.97
72.51
80.00 100.00
60.00
41
40
38
37
40.00 50.00
20.00
0.00 0.00
PHCs (%) PHCs (%)
250.00 120.00
95.92
95.00
101
201
197
98
100.00
80.13
78.99
200.00
80.00
150.00
85.21
60.00
83.60
77.11
100.00
40.00
29.81
24
22
43
41
50.00
20.00
0.00 0.00
PHCs (%) PHCs (%)
z Jharkhand has shown a significant drop in the MMR from 165 to 71. All other States either
have maintained previous rates or have marginally improved their MMR. However,
Chhattisgarh has registered a high rate of IMR from 38 to 41.
z Uttar Pradesh has registered the highest improvement in terms of % of Doctors Available
at PHCs from 29.81% to 71.11%. Contrastingly, Bihar has lower % of doctors available at PHC
from 85.95 to 42.26%.
z Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal have increased their Immunisation percent. Other
States in this Group of States are either maintaining previous GGI levels or have marginally
declined with the exception of Bihar which has dropped its Immunisation percentage by
15.22 % points.

2020-21

237
250.00
215
157.17
200.00
145.45
150.00
89.65
84.33
100.00
44
41
50.00
0.00
Doctors @ (%)
PHCs (%)
GGI - I GGI - II
Manipur Meghalaya

2020-21
Mizoram Nagaland
Sikkim Tripura
Uttarakhand
250.00
201
200.00
96.88
150.00
92.94
72.69
99
56.71
100.00
32
31
50.00
0.00
Doctors @ (%)
PHCs (%)
GGI - I GGI - II

2020-21
Salient Features of incremental growth in North-East and Hill States:
z All North-East States as well as the Hill States have registered a significant improvement
in the IMR compared with previous GGI.
z The Immunisation rates in these States is also either maintained at the previous reported
rates or there is minor improvement.
z The availability of Doctors at PHCs has improved in J&K, Manipur and Meghalaya and
Uttarakhand. However, this is showing a declining trend in Himachal Pradesh.
UTs

2020-21
Delhi Lakshadweep
Puducherry
z All UTs for which IMR data is available, have shown improvement in infant mortality rate.
Most UTs have shown significant improvement in Immunisation rates, most UTs have
shown a decline in the Immunisation of their residents.
z Availability of Doctors at PHCs is steady without drastic changes.
4.3 Public Health Sector Ranking

2020-21
Public Health Sector is presented as part of this section.
Rank States Score

1 Kerala 0.721
Kerala 0.721
2 Maharashtra 0.632
Maharashtra 0.632
3 Goa 0.631 Goa 0.631
Tamil Nadu 0.629
4 Tamil Nadu 0.629
5 Andhra Pradesh 0.571 Telangana 0.564
6 Telangana 0.564 Karnataka 0.540
Gujarat 0.495
7 Karnataka 0.540
Punjab 0.481
8 Gujarat 0.495 Haryana 0.431
9 Punjab 0.481
10 Haryana 0.431
Rank States Score

1 West Bengal 0.522
West Bengal 0.522
2 Jharkhand 0.481 Jharkhand 0.481
3 Bihar 0.287 Bihar 0.287
Odisha 0.255
4 Odisha 0.255
Chhattisgarh 0.252
5 Chhattisgarh 0.252 Rajasthan 0.249
6 Rajasthan 0.249 Madhya Pradesh 0.185
Uttar Pradesh 0.167

2020-21
Rank States Score

1 Mizoram 0.693
Mizoram 0.693
2 Sikkim 0.609 Sikkim 0.609
3 Manipur 0.559 Manipur 0.559
4 Meghalaya 0.540 Meghalaya 0.540
Nagaland 0.532
5 Nagaland 0.532
6 Himachal Pradesh 0.482 Uttarakhand 0.451
7 Uttarakhand 0.451 J&K 0.425
Tripura 0.401
8 J&K 0.425
9 Tripura 0.401 Assam 0.215
11 Assam 0.215
UTs
Rank States Score
1 A&N Islands 0.717

A&N Islands 0.717
3 Lakshadweep 0.685 Lakshadweep 0.685
Chandigarh 0.626
4 Chandigarh 0.626
D&N Haveli 0.519
5 D&N Haveli 0.519 Delhi 0.487
Daman & Diu 0.477
6 Delhi 0.487
7 Daman & Diu 0.477
Notes:
(i) From the available latest data source for MMR (SRS Bulletin 2016-18), data is available for only 19 States –
which has been considered for calculating the Sector score. For remaining States, indicator weightage has
been equally distributed to other indicators.
(ii) No Data available for Availability of Doctors for Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Mizoram and Tripura,
therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other indicators.

Public Infrastructure and Utilities
Access to Potable Water
Wards Covered by Door-to-Door Waste

Collection (urban)
Connectivity to Rural Habitation
Increase in Access to Clean Cooking Fuel (LPG)
Energy Availability Against the Requirement
Growth of Per Capita Power Consumption
5 Public Infrastructure and Utilities

5.1 Public Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Indicators
The public infrastructure and utilities Mission, Ujala Scheme, Urban Jyoti Abhiyan
sector focus mainly on the governance (URJA), etc. All these initiatives are focussed
aspects of the basic services provided by on holistic and inclusive development and
the government such as water supply, not just limited to one but covering the
sanitation, roads and highways, power and entire gamut of infrastructure and utilities
other societal infrastructure. like water, sewerage, sanitation, storm
water drainage, public transport, housing,
To improve the delivery of services and
amenities, power supply, etc.
create infrastructure for meeting the
needs of the citizen, Government of India Provision of clean water and sanitation
has taken up a number of initiatives like is one of the key objectives of SDGs and
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban various development plans. Access to clean
Transformation (AMRUT), Smart Cities water and sanitation protects people from
Mission, National Heritage City Development diseases and enables them to be more
and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY), economically productive. The social cost
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), of not having access to clean water and
Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), Jalshakti sanitation are significant.
2020-21
Keeping that in mind, the following two etc. Thus, the indicator on access to clean
indicators are included as part of GGI–2020. cooking fuel assumes importance.
a. Access to potable water d. Increase of access to clean cooking

fuel (LPG)
b. Wards covered by door-to-door waste
collection (urban) Power supply is required in order to make
the process easy and effective. India’s
In addition to basic services like water and
power sector has an installed capacity
sanitation, connectivity plays a major role
of almost 280 GW. Renewable energy
in development, especially for rural areas,
constitutes about 28% of this capacity while
where most of the people travel to nearby
conventional energy makes up the rest.
towns or cities for work on daily basis, to
For India, this is a substantial achievement,
avail work, services, sell their products,
yet below the requirement of provision of
etc. Focusing on this aspect, another
uninterrupted quality power. The efficiency
indicator which contributes towards the
of the State in provision of power supply
measurement of physical development in
facilities could be measured using the
various States is:
indicators:
c. Connectivity to rural habitations
e. Energy availability against requirement
Government has an important focus on
f. Growth of per capita power
provision of clean energy as it has rippling
consumption
social and economic effect in terms of
saving time for the women, health benefit,
Indicator Access to Potable Water
The importance of availability of clean drinking water at household-level cannot

be overstated when it comes to preventing infection, illness and death. Provision
Rationale of piped water facility within premise from treated source is considered best way
of provision of water services as per recommendations of various national and
international organisations from health and economic aspects.
(a) Total No. of HHs having access

to potable water supply connection
Directly Calculated Figure
within premise from treated source in
reference year
Data Items
(b) Total No. of HHs having access to
potable water supply connection within
premise from treated source in base
year

2020-21

Formula -
of periods
Unit %
NSS Report No. 584: Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing Condition in
Data Source
India by MoSPI, GoI and Jal Jeewan Mission Dashboard
Indicator Wards Covered by Door-to-Door Waste Collection (Urban)
Lack of proper sanitation services breeds diseases. Door to door waste collection
is one of the main components under Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). Doorstep
level collection is critical starting point in the entire chain of scientific Solid Waste
Rationale
Management (SWM) services. Clean roads and drains, recycling and disposal can
all be achieved in a sustainable manner only if door-to-door collection of waste
is sustained.
(a)Wards covered by Door-to-Door

(a)Total number of wards with door-to- waste collection in reference year
door waste collection in reference year
Data Items
(b)Wards covered by Door-to-Door
(b)Total number wards in reference waste collection in base year
year

of periods
Unit %
Data Source SBM Dashboard of MoH&UA, GoI
Indicator Connectivity to Rural Habitations
Road connectivity plays a crucial role in promoting economic, social and cultural
development of a region in general and of village/rural habitations in particular.
Rationale
Improvement in road connectivity not only assures the development but also
accelerates the process of development of a region.
(a)Total number of habitations having

(a)Total number of habitations having road connectivity in reference year
road connectivity in reference year
Data Items
(b)Total number of habitations in (b)Total number of habitations having
reference year road connectivity in base year

of periods
Unit %
Data Source Reports of Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India

2020-21
Indicator Growth in Access to Clean Cooking Fuel (LPG)
The traditional chulha is one of the major causes for household air
Rationale pollution leading to various adverse health impacts. LPG/PNG being
a clean cooking fuel, addresses the issue of household air pollution.

(a)Total number of households (a)Total number of households
with LPG connection in reference with LPG connection in reference
year year
Data Items
(b) Total number of households (b)Total number of households
with LPG connection in preceding with LPG connections in base
year year
Formula (a - b) / (b) X 100 {(a) – (b)}/(b) X 100
Unit %
Indian Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics 2018-19 and 2019-20 by
Data Source
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, GoI
Indicator Energy Availability Against the Requirement
Energy demand changes on a minute-by-minute, daily and seasonal basis. The

Rationale electrical system must have enough availability/capacity to supply energy exactly
when it is needed.
(a)Total energy available from all

(a)Total energy available from all sources in reference year
sources in reference year
Data Items
(b)Total energy available from all
(b) Actual energy required in reference sources in base year
year

of periods
Unit %
Load Generation Balance Report 2020-21 published by the Central Electricity

Data Source
Authority, Government of India

2020-21
Indicator Growth in per capita power consumption
Increase in per capita power consumption is one of the indicators

Rationale
for assessing the economic development

(a)Ultimate electricity (a)Ultimate electricity
consumption in reference year consumption in reference year
Data Items
(b)Mid-year population of (b)Ultimate electricity
current year consumption in base year
(a / b) (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where n is
Formula (a) / (b)
number of periods
Unit %
All India Electricity Statistics, General Review 2020 by Ministry of
Data Source
Power, Government of India
5.2 Public Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Incremental Progress

Andhra Pradesh Goa 100.00
100.00
120.00 120.00
99.84
99.94
94.35
93.25
93.30
89.25
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
4.79
20.00 20.00
3.83
0.07
0.49
0.00 0.00
Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power
Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption
Req'ment Req'ment

2020-21
Gujarat Haryana
100.00
100.00
120.00
99.99
99.98
100.00
120.00
99.99
96.62
86.78
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00
40.00
6.14
20.00
-8.35
20.00
3.49
-6.80
0.00
Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power 0.00
Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power
-20.00 Req'ment Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption
-20.00 Req'ment
GGI - I GGI - II
GGI - I GGI - II
Karnataka Kerala
100.00
100.00
120.00 120.00
99.75
99.65
99.81
97.06
92.87
92.14
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
-5.18
4.90
20.00
4.90
-3.12
20.00
0.00 0.00
-20.00 Req'ment -20.00 Req'ment
Maharashtra Punjab
100.00
100.00
120.00
99.85
120.00
99.99
98.09
94.79
92.49
89.90
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
20.00 20.00
3.59
-3.91
1.34
-2.44
0.00 0.00

2020-21
100.00
120.00
100.00
99.84
98.83
120.00
99.87
94.49
93.95
89.26
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
10.79
6.95
20.00 20.00
-5.17
3.28
0.00 0.00
-20.00 Req'ment Req'ment
Note:
Conn’ity to Rural Hab’ons = Connectivity of Rural Habitations
Energy Availability ag’t Req’ment = Energy Availability against the Requirement
Per Capita Power Consumption = Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Per Capita Power Consumption
z In the indicators that form the core of Public Infrastructure and Utilities, all ten States are
showing increasing trend except in the per capita power consumption which is showing
lower than the previous GGI. Among the Indicators, Connectivity to Rural Habitations is
the most improved Indicator manifesting improved and focused thrust on improving
rural connectivity through roads.

2020-21

Bihar Chhattisgarh
99.99
99.68
120.00 120.00
99.91
99.70
98.47
84.64
100.00 100.00
80.00
80.00
60.00
35.85
45.20
60.00
40.00
40.00
17.03
7.76
20.00
20.00
-0.98
0.00
Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power
0.00 Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption
Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power -20.00
Req'ment
-16.57
Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption
-20.00 Req'ment -40.00
120.00
99.23
100.00
100.00
98.06
96.87
120.00
100.00
100.00
80.07
65.23
80.00
80.00
60.00
41.27
60.00
40.00 40.00
20.00
7.05
20.00
1.95
-7.55
-3.46
0.00 0.00
Odisha Rajasthan
100.00
99.67
120.00
99.93
120.00
99.17
87.21
100.00 100.00
80.00
80.00
47.03
60.00
45.52
60.00
40.00
24.37
40.00
7.62
20.00
20.00
4.39
-8.21
0.00
Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption 0.00
-20.00
Req'ment Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power
Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption
-25.08
-40.00 -20.00 Req'ment

2020-21
120.00
98.74
98.54
120.00
99.77
99.63
94.14
100.00
100.00
62.33
65.69
80.00
80.00
55.25
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
6.78
20.00 20.00
2.86
-5.36
-5.99
0.00 0.00
Note:
Conn’ity to Rural Hab’ons = Connectivity of Rural Habitations
Energy Availability ag’t Req’ment = Energy Availability against the Requirement
Per Capita Power Consumption = Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Per Capita Power Consumption

z Similar to the previous set of States, in all eight States there is significant increase in the
connectivity to rural habitations, energy availability against the requirement. However,
the growth is not as much as shown by the previous set of States. The per capita
consumption is showing lower than the previous GGI similar to the previous set of States.

120.00 120.00
99.47
98.75
96.53
94.74
91.59
100.00 100.00
75.43
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
33.77
29.84
40.00 40.00
9.02
-10.89
20.00 20.00
-8.74
-2.57
0.00 0.00

2020-21
120.00 120.00
99.92
99.43
99.32
100.00
81.19
100.00
80.01
79.69
69.93
80.00 56.90 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
-10.31
20.00
5.29
20.00
-0.73
-1.67
0.00 0.00
Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita
Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption Hab'ons Availability ag't Power
-20.00 Req'ment -20.00 Req'ment Consumption
Manipur Meghalaya
120.00 120.00
99.74
99.24
97.73
94.84
92.14
100.00 100.00
66.62
80.00 80.00
59.95
60.00 60.00 50.79
40.00 40.00
-13.85
20.00
4.79
20.00
-1.97
-6.01
0.00 0.00
Mizoram Nagaland
100.00
120.00 120.00
99.38
99.39
98.19
96.98
88.37
86.80
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
55.47
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
-2.78
6.52
-4.48
20.00 20.00
2.76
0.00 0.00
Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita
Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption Hab'ons Availability ag't Power
-20.00 Req'ment -20.00 Req'ment Consumption

2020-21
Sikkim Tripura
99.79
98.15
98.50
100.00
94.59
120.00 120.00
91.57
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
50.41
44.05
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
12.25
-1.67
-5.35
-4.34
20.00 20.00
0.00 0.00
-20.00 Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption -20.00 Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption
Req'ment Req'ment
Uttarakhand
Note:
99.77
99.34
120.00 Conn’ity to Rural Hab’ons = Connectivity of Rural

Habitations
100.00 Energy Availability ag’t Req’ment = Energy Availability
67.62
against the Requirement

80.00 Per Capita Power Consumption = Compound Annual
52.76
Growth Rate (CAGR) of Per Capita Power Consumption

60.00
40.00
-6.16
2.90
20.00
0.00
-20.00 Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption
Req'ment
GGI - I GGI - II
z All North-East and Hill states also are showing increasing trend in the form of increased
rural habitations connectivity, increased energy availability against the requirement.
However, the per capita consumption is lower than the previous GGI.
z Similar to the previous two sets of States, Connectivity to Rural Habitations is the most
improved Indicator manifesting improved and focused thrust on improving rural
connectivity through roads.

2020-21
UTs
90.91
93.35
100.00
100.00 120.00
99.44
100.00
64.56
80.00
62.23
80.00
60.00
60.00
40.00
40.00
-0.87
20.00
4.93
-9.80
20.00
-7.47
0.00
Conn'ity to Rural Energy Per Capita Power 0.00
Hab'ons Availability ag't Consumption Energy Availability ag't Per Capita Power
Req'ment Req'ment Consumption
-20.00 -20.00

100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
120.00 120.00
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
20.00 20.00
-1.29
-1.29
0.12
0.12
0.00 0.00
Delhi Lakshadweep
120.00
99.95
99.97
100.00
100.00
120.00
100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
-4.95
-0.61
-2.98
20.00 20.00
1.69
0.00 0.00
Energy Availability ag't Per Capita Power Energy Availability ag't Per Capita Power
Req'ment Consumption
-20.00 Req'ment Consumption -20.00

2020-21
Puducherry
120.00
Note:
99.96
99.74
Conn’ity to Rural Hab’ons = Connectivity of Rural
100.00
Habitations
Energy Availability ag’t Req’ment = Energy Availability
against the Requirement
80.00
Per Capita Power Consumption = Compound Annual
Growth Rate (CAGR) of Per Capita Power Consumption
60.00
40.00
-3.35
-4.40
20.00
0.00
Energy Availability ag't Per Capita Power
Req'ment Consumption
-20.00
GGI - I GGI - II
5.3 Public Infrastructure and Utilities Sector Ranking
Public Infrastructure and Utilities Sector is presented as part of this section.

2020-21
Rank States Score

1 Goa 0.840
Goa 0.840
2 Telangana 0.793 Telangana 0.793
Punjab 0.778
4 Punjab 0.778
Gujarat 0.765
5 Gujarat 0.765 Maharashtra 0.728
6 Maharashtra 0.728
Karnataka 0.662
7 Andhra Pradesh 0.686 Tamil Nadu 0.644
8 Karnataka 0.662 Kerala 0.619
9 Tamil Nadu 0.644

10 Kerala 0.619
Rank States Score

1 Bihar 0.754
Bihar 0.754
West Bengal 0.599
4 West Bengal 0.599 Chhattisgarh 0.583
5 Chhattisgarh 0.583 Odisha 0.555
Uttar Pradesh 0.537
6 Odisha 0.555 Rajasthan 0.525
8 Rajasthan 0.525
Rank States Score

1 Himachal Pradesh 0.822
2 Sikkim 0.800
Sikkim 0.800
Tripura 0.641
6 Tripura 0.641
Nagaland 0.640
7 Nagaland 0.640 Uttarakhand 0.627
9 J&K 0.575 Assam 0.572
Meghalaya 0.435
10 Assam 0.572
11 Meghalaya 0.435

2020-21
UTs
Rank States Score
1 A&N Islands 0.830 A&N Islands 0.830

Chandigarh 0.746
3 Chandigarh 0.746
Puducherry 0.713
4 Puducherry 0.713 Delhi 0.673
5 Delhi 0.673
D&N Haveli 0.583
Lakshadweep 0.486
6 D&N Haveli 0.583
7 Lakshadweep 0.486
Notes:
(i) Data for Wards (Urban) covered by D-t-D waste collection is not available for Lakshadweep, therefore,
indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other indicators.
(ii) Data was not available for Connectivity to Rural Habitations for Chandigarh, Delhi, Lakshadweep and
Puducherry, therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other indicators.

Growth in Per Capita GSDP
Economic Governance
Fiscal Deficit as a Percentage of GSDP
State’s Own Tax Revenue Receipts to Total

Revenue Receipts
Debt (Total Outstanding Liabilities) to

GSDP
6 Economic Governance
6.1 Economic Governance Sector Indicators
This sector encompasses the economic development plans.

management of the government covering
The economy of a state must be assessed
areas such as fiscal management, revenue
in order to identify and compare the
management, financial inclusion etc.
developments. In order to measure the
Economy plays a major role in order to economic growth rate, few indicators are
measure the development and governance required such as:
among States. Each and every other sector z Growth in per capita GSDP
will have an indicator which measures that These indicators would only show the
respective sectoral contribution towards economic growth of a State. But in order
the economy. Economy indicates the to get a detailed picture on economic
achievement of long-term goals. With a development, few deficit factors must also
better financial management of the State, be quantified, using indicators such as:
there is better utilisation of resources in z Fiscal deficit to GSDP
order to achieve the objectives of the z Debt to GSDP
2020-21
Apart from these, there is one other indicator z State’s own tax revenue receipt to total
which measures the economic development revenue receipts
of the state, that is:
Indicator Growth in Per Capita GSDP
The more the per capita GSDP, the better is the condition of people and better is
Rationale
the development.
Ranking Approach Absolute Growth
(a) Per capita Gross State Domestic (a) Per capita Gross State Domestic
Product (GSDP) at constant prices in Product (GSDP) at constant prices in
reference year reference year
Data Items
(b) Per capita Gross State Domestic (b) Per capita Gross State Domestic
Product (GSDP) at constant prices in Product (GSDP) at constant prices in
preceding year base year

Formula (a - b) / (b) X 100
of periods
Unit %
(i) Publication of Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI),

Data Source Government of India
(ii) Census of India 2011
Indicator Fiscal Deficit as a Percentage of GSDP
It is an indication on how far the government is spending beyond its means. The
Rationale Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act stipulates the allowed
fiscal deficit to be adhered by the States.
(a) Fiscal deficit (a) Fiscal deficit in reference year

Data Items
(b) GSDP (at constant prices) for current
(b) Fiscal deficit in base year
year

of periods
Unit %
State Finances: A Study of Budgets 2020-21 published by Reserve Bank of India

Data Source
(RBI)

2020-21
Indicator State’s Own Tax Revenue Receipts to Total Revenue Receipts
It represents buoyancy of the state’s own revenue and state’s dependence on central
Rationale
government.
(a) State own tax revenue receipts in reference

(a) State own tax revenue receipts
year
Data Items
(b) Total revenue receipts (all
(b)State own revenue receipts in base year
sources)

periods
Unit %
Data Source State Finances: A Study of Budgets 2020-21 published by Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Indicator Debt (Total Outstanding Liabilities) to GSDP
It represents an economy that produces and sells goods and services sufficient to
Rationale
pay back debts without incurring further debts.
(a) Total debt liability in reference

(a) Total debt liability in reference year
year
Data Items
(b) Nominal GSDP (at constant
(b)Total debt liability in base year
prices) for reference year

periods
Unit %
Data Source State Finances: A Study of Budgets 2020-21 published by Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

2020-21
6.2 Economic Governance Sector Incremental Progress
indicators that are common in both indices

Andhra Pradesh Goa
51.17
44.29
42.59
60.00 50.00
46.56
45.76
42.56
45.00
32.78
32.60
50.00
40.00
35.00
40.00
30.00
30.00 25.00
11.74
20.00
20.00
8.30
15.00
8.73
7.62
5.66
5.30
2.84
10.00
1.79
10.00
5.00
0.00 0.00
CAGR of Per Fiscal Defecit Own Tax Debt to CAGR of Per Fiscal Defecit Own Tax Debt to
Capita GSDP to GSDP Revenue to GSDP Capita GSDP to GSDP Revenue to GSDP
Total Total
Revenue Revenue
Gujarat Haryana
59.24
62.73
64.88
57.55
70.00 70.00
60.00 60.00
50.00 50.00
35.33
34.38
40.00 40.00
25.18
24.72
30.00 30.00
20.00 20.00
9.96
9.42
9.25
7.87
6.05
3.91
2.07
1.67
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue

2020-21
Karnataka Kerala
55.26
54.95
61.87
60.00
59.12
70.00
43.57
60.00 50.00
39.77
50.00
40.00
40.00
25.46
30.00
23.59
30.00
20.00
10.71
20.00
7.43
8.30
5.95
5.49
4.74
10.00
3.36
3.20
10.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue
Maharashtra Punjab
58.89
67.51
80.00 70.00
62.36
53.30
51.18
51.09
70.00 60.00
60.00
50.00
50.00
40.00
40.00
30.00
21.68
21.52
14.99
30.00
20.00
20.00
6.24
5.74
7.21
6.57
10.00 3.89
2.11
1.08
10.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue

61.09
64.13
70.00 70.00
50.22
60.00 60.00
45.67
50.00 50.00
33.04
31.04
40.00 40.00
28.10
30.00 30.00
16.00
10.15
20.00 20.00
8.83
7.98
7.93
6.89
5.57
4.13
3.61
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue

2020-21

z Maharashtra (67.51), Telangana (64.13) and Tamil Nadu (61.09) have registered exception
growth in own tax revenues to total revenues.
z Telangana and Gujarat which are placed 1 and 2 in this sector and have done well in all
the indicators that are factored in computing Economic Governance Sector.
z A significant observation from the data presented all States have higher debt to GSDP
compared to previous GGI (except Gujarat and Maharashtra).

Bihar Chhattisgarh
36.21
42.82
45.00
33.63
50.00 40.00
29.84
45.00 35.00
40.00
30.00
35.00
20.31
23.41
25.00
21.87
30.00
25.00 20.00
20.00 15.00
6.97
8.77
15.00
7.67
10.00 5.61
5.07
3.32
3.33
10.00
1.90
5.00
5.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue

35.01
34.66
37.39
34.63
37.28
33.25
40.00 40.00
29.04
35.00 35.00
26.27
30.00 30.00
25.00 25.00
20.00 20.00
15.00 15.00
8.50
8.24
7.98
5.89
5.20
4.80
10.00 10.00
3.72
2.60
5.00 5.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue

2020-21
Odisha Rajasthan
42.65
46.03
31.16
42.22
29.01
35.00 50.00
40.36
27.65
45.00
30.00
22.27
40.00
25.00 35.00
30.00
20.00
25.00
15.00 20.00
9.01
7.93
15.00
7.73
10.00
6.76
5.15
5.01
2.90
2.56
10.00
5.00
5.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue
51.32
54.73
49.92
60.00 60.00
42.30
42.36
50.00 50.00
38.98
37.22
30.11
40.00 40.00
30.00 30.00
20.00 20.00
8.05
6.81
6.52
6.46
5.75
4.22
3.86
3.02
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue

z West Bengal (42.36) followed by Rajasthan (42.22) and Odisha (31.16) have improved
their own tax revenue to total revenue.
z While all eight States in this Group have higher debt to GSDP over previous GGI.

2020-21

25.87
25.55
30.00
50.55
60.00
21.93
21.41
25.00
50.00
37.82
20.00
40.00
15.00
30.00
9.10
6.82
10.00
11.07
20.00
3.05
7.86
1.92
5.81
5.37
5.00
3.77
10.00
0.00
0.00 CAGR of Per Fiscal Defecit Own Tax Debt to
CAGR of Per Fiscal Defecit Own Tax Debt to Capita GSDP to GSDP Revenue to GSDP
Capita GSDP to GSDP Revenue to GSDP
-10.00 Total
Total
-5.67
Revenue
Revenue
69.87
80.00
60.63
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
19.72
30.00
16.82
11.10
20.00
8.17
6.06
5.25
10.00
0.00
CAGR of Per Fiscal Defecit Own Tax Debt to
Total
Revenue
GGI - I GGI - II
Manipur Meghalaya
51.97
54.21
43.83
41.90
60.00 50.00
45.00
50.00
40.00
35.00
40.00
30.00
19.44
30.00 25.00
14.13
20.00
10.88
20.00
15.00
7.59
6.64
6.48
6.07
5.92
5.50
4.44
10.00
3.17
3.24
10.00
5.00
0.00 0.00
Total Total
Revenue Revenue

2020-21
Mizoram Nagaland
52.59
60.00
61.63
65.96
70.00
48.44
50.00 60.00
50.00
40.00
40.00
30.00
30.00
11.13
20.00
20.00
8.80
8.05
7.15
6.57
5.60
5.22
5.13
4.64
1.93
10.00 10.00
1.88
0.00 0.00
CAGR of Per Fiscal Defecit Own Tax Debt to GSDP
-1.81
Capita GSDP to GSDP Revenue to

Total
-10.00 Total Revenue Revenue
Sikkim Tripura
43.14
42.59
40.81
36.59
40.00 50.00
30.58
35.00 45.00
40.00
30.00
35.00
16.01
25.00 30.00
15.48
12.10
20.00 25.00 10.94

9.40
20.00
8.64
15.00
8.20
5.93
15.00
3.21
3.30
10.00
10.00
5.00 5.00
0.00 0.00
-5.00
-0.59
Total Total
Revenue Revenue
Uttarakhand
42.39
39.55
45.00
30.73
40.00
27.50
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
8.15
6.94
15.00
3.67
3.38
10.00
5.00
0.00
Total
Revenue
GGI - I GGI - II

2020-21
Salient Features of incremental growth in North-East and Hill:
z All eight North-East States have registered higher debt to GSDP compared to previous
GGI.
z Assam (25.41) followed by Manipur (10.88), Meghalaya (19.44), Sikkim (16.01) and Mizoram
(8.80) have registered growth in own tax revenues to total revenues.
UTs
9.95 8.20 8.07
9.90
9.88
8.00
9.85
7.80
9.80
7.60
9.75
7.40
9.70
7.20 7.07
9.65 9.62
7.00
9.60
6.80
9.55
9.50 6.60
9.45 6.40
CAGR of Per Capita GSDP CAGR of Per Capita GSDP
Delhi Puducherry
77.08
84.95
90.00 90.00
80.00 80.00
57.46
70.00 70.00
60.00 60.00
40.57
39.46
35.20
50.00 50.00
40.00 40.00
30.00 30.00
7.64
20.00
8.36
7.03
20.00
6.59
6.48
2.53
1.21
0.58
0.20
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
-0.36
-10.00 Capita GSDP to GSDP Revenue to GSDP Capita GSDP to GSDP Revenue to GSDP
Total Total
Revenue Revenue

z From available/reported data, Delhi and Puducherry have improved their own tax
revenue to total revenue. Significantly, both these two UTs, have also reduced their Debt
to GSDP from previous GGI.

2020-21
6.3 Economic Governance Sector Ranking
The GGI framework assigns differential The States and UTs are scored and ranked
weightages for Indicators. The outcome based on the published data collated
/ output-based indicators are assigned from various sources as mentioned in
higher weightage whereas input/process- the preceding chapters. GGI takes into
based indicators are assigned relatively consideration only data which is available
lower weightage and attempts have been with the Central Ministries / Departments
made to arrive at a consensus on assigned which has a time series measurement.
weightages during consultative meetings. The identified secondary sources were
It should be noted that with inclusion of cross-checked with Central Ministries/
new indicators and omission of obsolete Departments once again for any other
indicators, weightages are reassigned updated secondary sources. Data-point-
to even retained indicators of GGI 2019 in wise sources are provided as Annexure 2.
GGI 2020-21. The assigned weightages for The category-wise ranking of States and
present scoring and ranking are given in UTs for Economic Governance Sector is
Annexure 1. presented as part of this section.
Rank States Score

1 Gujarat 0.678
Gujarat 0.678
2 Telangana 0.632 Telangana 0.632
3 Karnataka 0.617 Karnataka 0.617
Maharashtra 0.600
4 Maharashtra 0.600 Tamil Nadu 0.571
5 Tamil Nadu 0.571 Haryana 0.570
Goa 0.526
6 Haryana 0.570
7 Goa 0.526 Kerala 0.393
Punjab 0.333
9 Kerala 0.393
10 Punjab 0.333

2020-21

Rank States Score
1 Odisha 0.487 Odisha 0.487

Jharkhand 0.442
3 Jharkhand 0.442
Chhattisgarh 0.433
4 Chhattisgarh 0.433 Bihar 0.417
5 Bihar 0.417 West Bengal 0.343
6 West Bengal 0.343
Uttar Pradesh 0.337
Rajasthan 0.290
8 Rajasthan 0.290

Rank States Score
1 Tripura 0.514
Tripura 0.514
Sikkim 0.420
5 Sikkim 0.420
6 Himachal Pradesh 0.291 Meghalaya 0.263
7 Meghalaya 0.263 Manipur 0.176
8 Manipur 0.176 Nagaland 0.166
9 Nagaland 0.166
J&K 0.051
11 J&K 0.051
UTs
Rank States Score

Chandigarh 0.488
2 Chandigarh 0.488
Puducherry 0.458
3 Puducherry 0.458 A&N Islands 0.237
4 A&N Islands 0.237
Lakshadweep
Daman & Diu
5 Lakshadweep D&N Haveli
6 Daman & Diu
7 D&N Haveli
Notes:
(i) No data is available for any of the sector indicators for three UTs, i.e., Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and
Diu and Lakshadweep, therefore, scoring has not been done for these four UTs.
(ii) No data were available for Fiscal Deficit to % of GSDP, Own Tax Revenue to Total Tax Revenue and Debt to
GSDP for A&N Island and Chandigarh, therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to
other indicators.
Sex Ratio at Birth
Health Insurance Coverage
Rural Employment Guarantee
Economic Governance
Social Welfare & Development
Unemployment Rate
Housing for All
Economic Empowerment of Women
Empowerment of SCs, STs, OBCs and Minorities
Disposal of SC/ST Atrocity Cases by Courts
Banking Outlets per 100,000 Population
Aadhaar Seeded Ration Cards
7 Social Welfare and Development

7.1 Social Welfare and Development Sector Indicators
Welfare of the citizens belonging to different Initiatives are taken by the Government of
sections of society plays an important role in India in order to improve the effectiveness
the overall development of the State. Welfare of the sector. Few of the initiatives include
involves different aspects such as health, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, Atal
education, economy, employment, etc. Pension Scheme, etc.
In India, it is necessary to ensure that all The nature of the economy is such that
sections of the society would benefit out only a part of the population is able to
from the policies which the government extract the benefit of this growth. 30% of
generates. Government support intended to the country’s population falls below the
ensure that members of a society can meet poverty line. Increase in wages, benefits to
basic human needs such as food and shelter SC & ST through the policies etc., measures
in addition to other needs like employment, the commitment of the State towards the
access to banking outlets, empowerment of welfare of the people.
vulnerable sections, etc.
2020-21
Indicator Sex Ratio at Birth
Gender imbalance causes serious negative consequences for the society in the
long run. Sex ratio at birth – or the number of girl children born for every 1,000 boys
born; assumes importance in the Indian context and there is a need to increase
Rationale the same. To counter discrimination both against female foetuses and girl children,
Government are making interventions in the form of schemes, campaigns and
adherence to stringent laws and these efforts are reflected in increase in the sex
ratio.
Directly Calculated Figure: Number of (a)Sex Ratio at Birth in reference year

Data Items
female births per 1000 male births
(b)Sex Ratio at Birth in base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit Nos. %
Health Management Information System (HMIS) of Ministry of Health and Family

Data Source
Indicator Health Insurance Coverage
Poor and vulnerable families often fall in the trap of financial risk arising out of
catastrophic health episodes which leads to economic loss and thus the vicious
Rationale
cycle continues. Health insurance coverage ensures protecting the citizen against
such situations.
(a)Health Insurance coverage in

Directly Calculated Figure: Ratio of
reference year
Data Items households with any usual member
(b)Health Insurance coverage in base
covered by a health scheme / insurance
year

Formula -
of periods
Unit Nos. %
Data Source National Family Health Survey (Round 5)

2020-21
Indicator Rural Employment Guarantee
An important intervention to enhance the livelihood opportunities for unskilled

Rationale
labourers in rural areas.
(a)No. of days work provided to worked

Directly Calculated Figure: (Avg. number
HHs in reference year
Data Items of days work provided to registered and
(b)No. of days work provided to worked
worked HHs)
HHs in base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit Nos. %
Data Source MIS of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
Indicator Unemployment Rate
Rising unemployment is seen as a sign of a weak economy. Unemployment is also

highly predictive of an increase in crime and uneasiness in the populace and can
also lead to long term systemic issues which are difficult to resolve. With a number
Rationale
of interventions in the form of enabler and creating opportunities, government is
trying to tackle the increase in unemployment rate. The lower the unemployment
rate, the better progressive and productive the state will be.
(a) Number of unemployed per

1000 persons aged 15 years & above
according to usual Principal & Subsidiary
Directly Calculated Figure: Number of Status Approach in reference year
Data Items unemployed per 1000 persons aged 15
years & above (b) Number of unemployed per
1000 persons aged 15 years & above
according to usual Principal & Subsidiary
Status Approach in base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit %

2020-21
Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) published by MoSPI, Govt. of
Data Source
India
Indicator Housing for All
Shortage of adequate and affordable housing leads to unprecedented proliferation

of slums/informal settlements and increase in homelessness. The SDG 11 indicates
to “make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”
Rationale
and targets to ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and
basic services and upgrade slums. Government is working towards provision of
affordable housing to all.
(a) Total number of Dwelling Units

Sanctioned in urban areas in reference
year
(a) Normalised score for reference year
(b) Total number of Dwelling Units
Completed in urban areas in reference
year
Data Items
(c) Total number of Dwelling Units
Sanctioned in rural areas in reference
year
(b) Normalised score for base year
(d) Total number of Dwelling Units
Completed in rural areas in reference
year

Formula {(a) + (c)} / {(b) + (d)} X 100
of periods
Unit %
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and Ministry of Rural Development – Pradhan
Data Source
Mantri Awas Yojana Dashboards

2020-21
Indicator Economic Empowerment of Women
The participation of female in work force does not just supports social equality and
women’s independence but also a huge contribution in the economy. Low female
labour force participation rate has been a longstanding issue of concern. Women
Rationale
participation in the labour market is therefore encouraged. Higher participation
of female in labour force reflects changes in economic activity, educational
attainment, fertility rates, social norms, and other factors.
(a) Number of Female Labour Force

Directly Calculated Female Labour force Participation in reference year
Data Items
participation Rate (b) Number of Female Labour Force
Participation in base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit Nos. %
Data Source Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) published by MoSPI, GoI
Indicator Empowerment of SCs, STs, OBCs and Minorities
Measuring the inclusiveness and empowerment of the marginalised groups is

an important component of welfare and development measures taken by the
respective States. This indicator attempts to measure the dimension of financial
Rationale inclusion. The HRD Sector already covered the educational inclusion of these groups.
Since the programmes with respect to financial (credit) are generally similar to all
marginalised groups and to meet the objective of keeping the indicators minimal,
all four groups are combined.
(a)No. of beneficiaries provided credit (a)No. of beneficiaries provided credit

support for self-employment ventures / support for self-employment ventures /
income generation in reference year income generation in reference year
Data Items
(b)No. of beneficiaries provided credit (b) No. of beneficiaries provided credit
support for self-employment ventures support for self-employment ventures /
/ income generation in preceding year income generation in base year

Formula (a) – (b) / (b) X 100
of periods
Unit %
Annual Reports of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment for SCs and OBCs,
Data Source
Ministry of Tribal Welfare for STs, Ministry of Minority Welfare for Minorities

2020-21
Indicator Disposal of SC/ST atrocity cases by courts
The social empowerment, especially of SCs and STs are measured through this
Rationale
indicator.
(a)Number of cases in which trial (a)No. of cases in which trial completed

completed (Convicted + Acquitted or (Convicted + Acquitted or Discharged)
Discharged) at the end of the reference at the end of the reference year related
year related to SCs to SCs
(b)No. of cases in which trial completed

(b) No. of cases in courts including
(Convicted + Acquitted or Discharged)
brought forward of SCs reference year
at the end of the reference year of STs
Data Items
(c)No. of cases in which trial completed
(c)No. of cases in which trial completed
at the end of the base year related to
at the end of the reference year of STs
SCs
(d)No. of cases in which trial completed

(d) No. of cases in courts including
brought forward related to STs in the
at the end of the base year related to
reference year
STs
{(a + c) / (b + d)} (1 / n) – 1 X 100 where

Formula {(a) + (c)} / {(b) + (d)} X 100
n is the number of periods
Unit %
Data Source Crime in India 2019: Statistics published by National Crime Record Bureau
Indicator Banking outlets per 100,000 population
Banks play a vital role in the economic development. Banks also serve as alternative
gateways for making payments for income-tax, online bills like the telephone,
Rationale
electricity, etc. with multiple roles to play this inclusion of this indicator assumes
importance.
(a)Total Number of banking outlets in (a)Total banking outlets per 1000

reference year population in reference year
Data Items
(b) Total banking outlets per 1000
(b)Total Population
population in base year

of periods
Unit %
Data Source SDGs-National Indicator Framework Progress Report, 2020 by MoSPI, GoI

2020-21
Indicator Aadhaar seeded Ration Cards
Ration cards are used by the individuals to get the food at a subsidized rate.
Duplicate ration cards and un-checked issuance of ration cards meant for BPL
families burdens the exchequer as well as deprives the service to the most needy.
Rationale
As a citizen centric governance measure, States are in the process of seeding the
Ration cards with the Aadhar numbers of the citizens. To measure the progress
achieved, this indicator is included.
(a) Aadhaar seeded ration card in

Directly calculated figure
reference year
Data Items
(b) Aadhaar seeded ration card in base

year

Formula -
of periods
Unit %
Data Source Annual Report of Dept. of Food and Public Distribution, GoI
7.2 Social Welfare and Development Sector Incremental Progress

2020-21

Andhra Pradesh
74.6
80 70.2 960
57.96
54.35
58.2
955
70
60
42.5
955
50
26.96
24.10
40
17.60
950
12.62
30
946
20
4.7
4.5
10 945
0
Health Rural Unemployment Housing for All Economic Disposal of
Insurance Employement Rate Empowerment SC/ST Atrocity 940
Coverage Guarantee of Women Cases Sex Ratio at Birth
Goa
96.31
120 960
954
100 955
66
80 950
51.5
33.33
28.46
60 945
26.28
30.9
937
13.11
15.9
40
13.9
6.82 940
8.1
20 935
0 930
Gujarat
71.30
918
80 920
56.11
55.9
70
46.05
918
42.52
60
916
50
39
914
23.1
40
19.9
30
910
912
6.06
3.35
20
4.8
910
10
2
0 908

2020-21
Haryana
45.8
39.31
914
50 916
33.73
45
30.72
914
40
912
35
21.02
30 910
15.90
25 908
14.3
12.2
20 906
7.73
902
8.4
15
6.4
904
10 902
5
900
0
Health Rural Unemployment Housing for All Economic Disposal of 898
Karnataka
55.5
49.59
49.16
948
60 948.2
38.51
948
50
947.8
27.54
40
28.1
28.1
947.6
26
30 947.4
947
11.14 947.2
9.10
20
947
4.8
4.2
10 946.8
0 946.6
Health Rural Unemployment Housing for All Economic Disposal of 946.4
Insurance Employement Rate Empowerment SC/ST Atrocity Sex Ratio at
Coverage Guarantee of Women Cases Birth
Kerala
78.05
959
90 959.2
65.97
63.25
80 959
70
51.5
958.8
50.3
47.7
60 958.6
27.75
50
958.4
26.5
958
40
958.2
30
11.4
7.63
958
5.73
10
20
957.8
10
0 957.6

2020-21
Maharashtra
929
57.5
70 930
51.17
47.18
60
40.34
39.63
928
50
30.8
926
40
30 924
20
11.03
922
9.84
15
20
922
4.8
3.2
10
0 920
Punjab
51.6
48.56
902
60 902.5
39.52
902
50
32.89
30.30
901.5
23.02
40 901
21.2
900.5
14.34
30
15.5
900
899
20 899.5
7.7
7.3
899
10
898.5
0 898
Tamil Nadu
64.1
58.4
60.38
944
50.22
70 945
46.08
60 944
33.77
943
50
33.7
942
40
19.30
941
14.38
30 940
938
20 939
7.5
5.3
10 938
937
0
Health Rural Unemployment Housing for All Economic Disposal of 936

2020-21
Telangana
91.45
100 960
955
90
66.4
60.8
59.9
80 955
50.78
46.66
70
60 950
32.6
50
16.27
941
13.86
12.39
40 945
30
7.6
20 940
7
10
0 935
z Social Welfare and Development is a critical Sector that measures the parameters that
are key to the developmental paradigm and where citizens are the direct beneficiaries.
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh are the leading States with Gujarat and Tamil Nadu
coming in the next cohort of States. Telangana has an excellent growth rate in Housing
for all (a jump of 79.06 points), economic empowerment of women (change of 27.3) and
marginal improvement in rural employment guarantee.
z All ten States in this Group of States have shown a healthy growth in Housing for all and
Economic empowerment of women and in other indicators the decline if observed is
only marginal which is statistically insignificant.
z Except for Punjab and Karnataka, there is increase in sex ratio at birth in remaining eight
states of this group
z A declining trend in disposal of SC/ST atrocity cases is observed in all ten States and one
plausible reason is due to lockdown and courts operating online during the reporting
period.

2020-21

Bihar
70.56
918
80 918.5
70 918
44.65
42.20
41.01
60 917.5
41.8
917
50
916.5
40
916
915
14.6
30
12.3
915.5
4.06
20 915
0.84
5.1
4.1
7
10 914.5
0 914
Chhattisgarh
959
68.5
67.6
69.01
68.41
60.15
80 960
56.75
70
49.3
60 955
50
950
946
40
30 10.07
9.74
20 945
3.3
3.3
10
940
0
Jharkhand
71.57
71.71
921
80 921.5
55.9
70 921
46.35
42.17
60 920.5
920
50
919.5
40
919
918
11.79
15.4
13.3
30 918.5
5.08
20
7.5
918
4.2
10 917.5
0 917

2020-21
Madhya Pradesh
937
61.84
72.84
68.71
80 937.2
59.4
51.79
70 937
60 936.8
50 936.6
31.7
40 936.4
17.47
936
13.28
17.7
30 936.2
20 936
4.3
10 935.8
3
0 935.6
Odisha
940
86.60
75.72
100 940.2
90 940
55.51
80 939.8
55.3
70
47.7
38.65
939.6
60
50 939.4
939
19.5
40 939.2
12.05
30 939
7.1
6.2
0.07
20
938.8
10
0 938.6
Rajasthan
80.03
84.13
947
90 948
70.4
61.06
56.97
80 946
70
944
43.9
60
50 942
40
938
18.7
940
11.00
30
9.17
20 938
4.5
5
10 936
0 934

2020-21
Uttar Pradesh
61.22
63.38
922
70 925
47.1
42.03
41.82
60
920
50
40 915
906
30 910
13.5
7.78
20
4.49
6.1
6.2
4.4
905
10
0 900
West Bengal
77.05
80.12
74.23
944
90 946
80
51.98
52.1 944
70
60 942
33.4
50
29.3
940
40
20.8
936
30 938
4.82
2.36
20
4.6
4.6
936
10
0 934

z While there is distinct incremental change observed in some of the key parameters
of Social Welfare and Development for Group B States, the change is less significant
compared with previous set of States (Group A). Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are
leading in indicator-wise improvement and are followed by Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
z Madhya Pradesh and Bihar have declined sex ratio at birth, whereas remaining six States
have shown increase in this ratio.

2020-21

Arunachal Pradesh
936
56.75
70
58.3
940
60
47.5
42.94
935
50 930
40
925
18.57
30
14.7
916
920
20
8.33
3.90
6.7
5.8
915
0.00
10
0 910
Assam
936
936
55.17
70 1000
52.38
60
900
60
46.9
800
36.35
50
700
30.60
40 600
30 500
12.7
400
10.4
20
300
7.9
7.9
10 200
0 100
Health Insurance Rural Unemployment Housing for All Economic 0
Coverage Employement Rate Empowerment of Sex Ratio at
Guarantee Women Birth
Himachal Pradesh
73.2
929
80 930
55.37
52.81
51.51
70
48.56
49.6
60 925
34.5
50
920
25.8
916
40
12.48
30
9.51
915
20
5.5
3.7
10
910
0

2020-21
J&K
947
56.3
56.65
54.80
60 947.5
947
50
946.5
32.20
30.2
40 946
22.24
945.5
30
945
944
12.7
20 944.5
6.7
944
5.4
4.2
10 943.5
0 943
Health Insurance Rural Unemployment Housing for All Economic 942.5
Manipur
60.55
952
70 955
50.5
60 950
50 945
940
40
22.88
20.80
20.01
23.5 935
30
14.2
924
930
11.5
20
9.5
925
3.6
10
920
0
915
Health Insurance Rural Unemployment Housing for All Economic
Coverage Employement Rate Empowerment of 910
Guarantee Women Sex Ratio at Birth
Meghalaya
71.97
71.53
951
80 951.5
63.5
60.2
50.23
70 951
51.2
60
38.36
950.5
34.6
50
950
40
949
30 949.5
20 949
2.7
1.6
10
948.5
0

2020-21
Mizoram
980
985
92.47
92.89
100
90 980
80
975
53.8
70
46.4
45.4
60 970
50
965
17.12
30
40
957
10.1
30
9.37
960
5.7
20
10 955
0 950
Nagaland
60.3
70 945
939
45.91
60
940
34.41
50
935
23.08
40
25.7
21.4
20.5
16.7
30 930
923
7.18
20
6.1
925
10
0 920
Sikkim
100.00
954
120 956
82.10
74.52
100 954
70.4
57.60
54.20
80 952
43.9
60 950
30.3
25.7
946
40 948
9.09
3.5
20 946
2.2
0 944

2020-21
Tripura
74.66
70.47
954
80 955
58.1
70
50.00
51.2
46.07
60 950
39.25
50
33
945
941
40
30
12.5
940
20
6.8
0.00
3.2
10
935
0
Uttarakhand
53.4
46.43
47.36
46.37
937
45.35
60 940
50 935
27.67
40 930
925
19.5
18.1
30
914
920
9.22
20
7.6
7.1
915
10
910
0 905

z Except for Mizoram and Assam, all other North-East States have shown significant growth
in Housing for All as well as Rural Employment Guarantee.
z All North-East States have registered growth in economic empowerment of women. A
similar growth is also registered in rural employment guarantee in the North-East States
including the hill states of HP and Uttarakhand.
z Except for Manipur and Mizoram, the sex ratio at birth in remaining NE States has
registered growth.

2020-21
UTs
A&N Islands
1003
57
44.95
60 1010
50 1000
33.77
31.72
33.5
990
40
980
30 970
15.8
12.6
949
20 960
5.71
3.85
5.7
950
0.51
1.6
10
940
0
930
Chandigarh
922
921
60
48.5
50 921
40 920
25.2
20.00
21.3
30 919
20 918
917
6.3
9
0.00
10 917
0 916
Health Insurance Unemployment Rate Economic Disposal of SC/ST
Coverage Empowerment of Atrocity Cases 915
Women Sex Ratio at Birth
D&N Haveli
74.4
80 939
938
70
49.38
938
44.44
52
60
39.7
937
50
30.8
40 936
30
10.01
935
934
20
0.00
934
0.4
10
3
0 933
Health Insurance Unemployment Housing for All Economic Disposal of SC/ST
Coverage Rate Empowerment of Atrocity Cases 932

2020-21
Daman & Diu
66.4
65.40
972
70 980
52
60
960
31.59
50
940
40
24.9
30 920
889
17
20 900
3.1
2.9
10 880
0
Health Insurance Unemployment Rate Housing for All Economic 860
Coverage Empowerment of
840
Women
Sex Ratio at Birth
Delhi
47.3
920
50 922
45 920
40 918
35
916
30
16.4
25 914
14.3
20 912
7.99
908
9.4
6.40
8.6
15 910
10 908
5
906
0
Health Insurance Unemployment Rate Economic Disposal of SC/ST 904
Coverage Empowerment of Atrocity Cases 902
Lakshadweep
955
81.13
90 960
80
60.1
940
55.6
70
40.00
60
920
32.15
50
891
40
21.3
900
18.4
13.7
30
20 880
0.00
3.4
10
0 860

2020-21
Puducherry
51.7
943
60 944
42.00
942
50
940
32.8
40 938
22.06
20.01
30 936
17.1
11.95
931
934
10.3
20
932
7.6
10 930
928
0

z While not all UTs have data on Housing for All, UTs like A&N Islands, Damn & Diu,
Lakshadweep and Puducherry are showing increase in the housing.
z In Economic Empowerment of Women, all UTs have registered a healthy growth along
with marginal increase in health insurance coverage – although the coverage data is
not reported by all the UTs.
z Reversing the trend of general increase in the sex ratio at birth of the previous three
sets of States, all UTs except for Delhi, Puducherry and D&N Haveli are showing declining
trend.
7.3 Social Welfare and Development Sector Ranking
Social Water and Development Sector is presented as part of this section

2020-21
Rank States Score

1 Telangana 0.617
Telangana 0.617
2 Andhra Pradesh 0.546 Andhra Pradesh 0.546
3 Kerala 0.542 Kerala 0.542
Tamil Nadu 0.540
4 Tamil Nadu 0.540
Goa 0.523
5 Goa 0.523
Karnataka 0.489
6 Karnataka 0.489 Gujarat 0.489
7 Gujarat 0.489 Maharashtra 0.462
Punjab 0.424
8 Maharashtra 0.462
Haryana 0.392
9 Punjab 0.424
10 Haryana 0.392
Rank States Score

Madhya Pradesh 0.666
Rajasthan 0.606
3 Rajasthan 0.606
Odisha 0.600
4 Odisha 0.600 Jharkhand 0.516
5 Jharkhand 0.516 West Bengal 0.491
6 West Bengal 0.491 Uttar Pradesh 0.448
7 Uttar Pradesh 0.448 Bihar 0.385
8 Bihar 0.385
Rank States Score

1 Sikkim 0.634 Sikkim 0.634
2 Himachal Pradesh 0.580 Himachal Pradesh 0.580
4 Tripura 0.537
Tripura 0.537
Meghalaya 0.518
5 Meghalaya 0.518
Uttarakhand 0.484
7 J&K 0.424 Manipur 0.407
8 Manipur 0.407 Arunachal Pradesh 0.390
9 Arunachal Pradesh 0.390 Assam 0.334
Nagaland 0.333
10 Assam 0.334
11 Nagaland 0.333

2020-21
UTs
Rank States Score

A&N Islands 0.461
3 A&N Islands 0.461
Lakshadweep 0.411
4 Lakshadweep 0.411 Chandigarh 0.408
5 Chandigarh 0.408 Puducherry 0.391
6 Puducherry 0.391
Delhi 0.380
7 Delhi 0.380
Notes:
(i) No data was available for Health Insurance Coverage for Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh,
Delhi, Haryana, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar
Pradesh and Uttarakhand, therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other indicators.
(ii) No data was available for Empowerment of SC, St and OBC for Andaman Nicobar Island, Arunachal
Pradesh, D&N Haveli, Lakshadweep, Manipur, Meghalaya and Nagaland, therefore, indicator weightages
have been equally distributed to other indicators
(iii) No data was available for Rural Employment for Chandigarh and Delhi, therefore, indicator weightages
have been equally distributed to other indicators.

Conviction Rate
Judiciary & Public Security

Availability of Police Personnel
Proportion of Women Police Personnel
Disposal of Court Cases
Disposal of Cases by Consumer Court
8 Judiciary and Public Security

8.1 Judiciary and Public Safety Sector Indicators
This sector encompasses the governance must also be given to the women police
aspects of the justice system such personnel. In order to quantify the effects
as access to judicial system, judicial of these judicial practices across various
performance and human rights. It also States, few indicators have been developed:
includes aspects related to public security
a. Conviction rate
and safety, covering areas such as police
b. Availability of police personnel
administration, prison administration and
c. Proportion of women police personnel
fire safety. Even before considering the
terms like social development, economic Apart from having the required staff,
development etc., primarily the judicial infrastructure etc., in order to govern the
system of the State must be efficient laws, reduce the atrocities, punish the
and effective in order to guide the entire criminals etc., the judgements must be
development process in proper direction. delivered effectively at the right point of
All the development activities must be time so that they would have an impact.
governed by these judiciary practices. The cases must be cleared at a faster rate
Focusing on police force, police personnel rather than lying in pendency. This aspect
must be deployed in adequate proportion could be measured using the indicator:
in order to control the atrocities happening
d. Disposal of court cases
in the society. Considerable preference
2020-21
Indicator Conviction Rate
Creating a supportive environment for a victim to report the crime, a victim-

sensitive criminal justice system and certainty of conviction of accused are areas
Rationale that will generate deterrence. In addition, higher conviction rate promotes the
supportive environment and thereby instilling higher confidence in the system. It
also reflects the efficiency of law implementing authorities.
Directly calculated figure – Number (a) Normalised score for reference year
Data Items of convictions divided by number of
criminal cases (b) Normalised score for base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit %
Data Source Crime in India 2019: Statistics published by National Crime Record Bureau
Indicator Availability of Police Personnel
Crime prevention and reduction is a critical component of public security and is

directly proportional to the availability of adequate police personnel. Therefore,
Rationale
the availability of police personnel assumes importance from the public security
point of view.
(a) Actual filled strength of Police (Civil (a) Actual filled strength of Police (Civil
+ Armed) + Armed) in reference year
Data Items
(b) Sanctioned strength of Police (Civil (b) Actual filled strength of Police (Civil
+ Armed) + Armed) in base year

of periods
Unit %
Data on Police Organisations in India: 2020 published by Bureau of Police Research

Data Source
& Development

2020-21
Indicator Proportion of Women Police Personnel
To bridge the gender gap or correct the deficit in equality of opportunity to work
in the police force, it is imperative to assess the proportion of women in police.
In addition, change in society, crimes against women is increasing. Generally,
women victims prefer to confide and report the atrocities related to physical and
Rationale emotional traumas with women police. Their access to justice is negatively affected
by lack of women in the police force to whom they can spell out their grievances.
Higher proportion of women in police force would ensure more approachability.
The increase in proportion of women would address the deficit in access to justice
that women face.
(a)Actual filled strength of Women (Civil (a)Actual filled strength of Women (Civil
+ Armed) + Armed) in reference year
Data Items
(b)Actual filled strength of Police (Civil + (b)Actual filled strength of Women (Civil
Armed) + Armed) in base year

of periods
Unit %
Data on Police Organisations in India: 2020 published by Bureau of Police Research

Data Source
& Development
Indicator Disposal of Court Cases
Judicial delay is a crucial problem in India as it involves huge transaction costs

to the citizen as well as the government. The delay in timely resolution of cases
Rationale has significant consequences for economic growth and development. Efficiency of
court is judged by the number of court cases disposed. Improvement in efficiency
would increase confidence in the courts.
(a)Total cases disposed which were (a)Total cases disposed which were
pending for 0-3 years in reference year pending for 0-3 years in reference year
Data Items (b)Total cases pending for more than

0-3 years in the reference year (opening (b)Total cases disposed which were
balance + cases filed in the reference pending for 0-3 years in base year
year)

of periods
Unit %
Data Source National Judicial Data Grid (District and Taluka Courts of India)

2020-21
Indicator Disposal of Court Cases by Consumer Court
Consumer Courts are set up by the Government to protect the consumer rights. Due
to its simple process, a citizen can represent himself without hiring a lawyer. Being so,
consumer courts have a larger bearing especially in Indian society which is moving
Rationale
to a consumer-oriented society. Of late the number of cases registered in consumer
courts is increasing. In addition to the court cases, consumer courts also assume
importance as it deals with cases regarding consumer disputes and grievances.
(a) Total cases in consumer court

(a)Total cases in consumer court disposed
disposed which were pending in
which were pending in reference year
reference year
Data Items
(b) Total cases in consumer court (b)Total cases in consumer court disposed
pending in the reference year which were pending in base year

periods
Unit %
Dashboard of computerisation and computer networking of consumer forum in

Data Source
country
8.2 Judiciary and Public Safety Sector Incremental Progress

2020-21

Andhra Pradesh Goa
81.01
80.59
84.42
77.64
90.00 90.00
80.00 80.00
70.00 70.00
42.72
60.00 60.00
38.40
32.79
50.00 50.00
26.10
24.30
22.40
40.00 40.00
17.54
30.00 30.00
10.80
10.57
9.72
5.85
20.00 20.00
4.17
2.26
1.14
0.53
0.48
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal of Disposal of Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal of Disposal of
Rate of Police of Women Court Cases by Rate of Police of Women Court Cases by
Personnel Police Cases Consumer Personnel Police Cases Consumer
Personnel Court Personnel Court
Gujarat Haryana
74.57
75.46
71.64
90.00
71.17
90.00
80.00 80.00
70.00 70.00
46.21
45.60
60.00 60.00
35.10
50.00 50.00
31.03
26.90
26.20
40.00 40.00
16.65
30.00
11.71
30.00
9.63
9.12
8.34
7.93
7.41
7.23
20.00 20.00
0.61
1.06
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Rate of Police of Women Court Cases by
Personnel Police Cases Consumer
Personnel Court
Personnel Court
Karnataka Kerala
84.60
85.50
97.95
85.86
79.19
79.60
90.00 100.00
80.00 90.00
80.00
51.10
70.00
70.00
40.83
60.00
60.00
36.60
33.91
50.00 50.00
22.66
17.07
40.00 40.00
30.00 30.00
7.23
6.32
3.44
20.00
8.28
0.23
5.38
20.00
1.53
10.00
0.00
10.00 0.00
0.00 Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal Disposal
Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal of Disposal of Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases
Rate of Police of Women Court Cases by Personnel Police Cases by
Personnel Police Cases Consumer Personnel Consumer
Personnel Court Court

2020-21
Maharashtra Punjab
93.86
88.27
91.80
89.25
100.00 100.00
90.00 90.00
80.00 80.00
70.00 70.00
60.00
49.00 60.00
34.30
34.30
31.60
50.00 50.00
28.40
40.00 40.00
16.97
15.52
15.25
12.52
11.62
30.00 30.00
8.54
5.26
20.00 20.00
1.79
1.38
0.15
0.00
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal Disposal Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal Disposal
Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases
Personnel Police Cases by Personnel Police Cases by
Personnel Consumer Personnel Consumer
Court Court
74.56
94.26
90.23
100.00 90.00
90.00 80.00
62.37
62.10
80.00
59.13
58.60
56.65
70.00
70.00
60.00
42.50
60.00
35.60
50.00 50.00
40.00 40.00
18.50
21.24
20.42
12.91
30.00 30.00
20.00
1.08
20.00
5.96
0.00
5.11
2.47
10.00
0.38
10.00
0.00
Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal Disposal 0.00
Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal of Disposal of
Personnel Police Cases by Rate of Police of Women Court Cases by
Personnel Consumer Personnel Police Cases Consumer
Court Personnel Court
z Women police personnel availability in seven out of ten States is reported higher than
previous GGI. However, the overall police personnel availability is showing a declining
trend especially in States like Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Punjab and Maharashtra,
which could be due to increase in sanctioned strength. Gujarat, Haryana and Karnataka
on the other hand have shown marginal improvement in this number.
z All States except Karnataka have higher conviction rate over the previous GGI.
Contrastingly, Karnataka has higher disposal rate of consumer court cases, while other
nine States have shown decline in this rate (which could be due to lockdowns as courts
were operating online during the reporting period).

2020-21

Bihar Chhattisgarh
84.77
84.37
87.04
69.40
66.11
80.00 100.00
90.00
70.00
80.00
60.00 70.00
44.10
42.60
50.00 60.00
35.52
50.00
40.00
25.30
24.48
40.00
30.00 30.00
13.90
13.10
10.04
7.06
7.04
20.00
4.68
9.38
20.00
8.84
10.00
0.70
0.00
10.00
0.00
Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases
Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal of Disposal of
Personnel Police Cases by
Personnel Consumer
Court
Personnel Court
85.09
78.93
75.96
90.00 90.00
69.59
80.00 80.00
70.00 70.00
51.90
47.10
46.68
60.00 60.00
38.50
50.00 50.00
32.50
24.24
40.00 40.00
23.60
22.30
30.00 30.00
20.00 20.00
7.14
6.03
5.49
4.42
1.58
0.52
0.08
0.00
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Odisha Rajasthan
85.35
88.35
85.69
86.08
100.00 100.00
90.00 90.00
80.00 80.00
57.20
70.00 70.00
49.90
49.10
60.00 60.00
50.00 50.00
27.50
25.30
21.50
40.00 40.00
30.00 30.00
10.40
10.01
9.80
9.07
9.28
8.90
8.87
7.92
20.00 20.00
3.26
1.32
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Court Court

2020-21
71.39
73.07
80.00 80.00
63.88
59.20
59.00
70.00 70.00
48.13
60.00 60.00
50.00 50.00
40.00 40.00
22.26
20.03
16.37
30.00 30.00
15.24
13.40
12.25
10.10
9.71
9.59
20.00 20.00
7.64
3.81
1.21
0.20
0.14
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00

z Women police personnel availability in all eight States is higher than previous GGI.
However, the overall police personnel availability is either at same levels as previous GGI
or in States like Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Odisha, there is marginal improvement.
Similar to the conviction rate improvement in the previous set of States, all eight states
in this group also have higher conviction rate.
z The disposal rate of consumer court cases is showing steady decline and one of the
reasons could be lockdown of the States.

84.44
82.35
88.24
82.09
100.00 90.00
90.00 80.00
80.00
70.00
70.00
60.00
60.00
39.70
50.00
50.00
28.58
25.70
40.00 40.00
14.63
30.00 30.00
11.70
8.66
6.78
20.00 20.00
7.59
3.23
6.70
5.47
0.00
1.75
0.17
0.00
10.00 10.00
0.00
Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal Disposal 0.00
Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal of Disposal of
Personnel Police Cases by Rate of Police of Women Court Cases by
Personnel Consumer Personnel Police Cases Consumer
Personnel Court
Court

2020-21
94.89
93.50
92.22
88.25
100.00 100.00
90.00 90.00
67.94
80.00 80.00
70.00 70.00
47.50
60.00
42.50
60.00
41.55
41.60
36.66
50.00 50.00
29.40
24.65
40.00 40.00
22.00
19.15
30.00 30.00
20.00 12.25 20.00
3.61
3.05
1.15
0.17
0.00
10.00 10.00
0.00 0.00
Court Court
Manipur Meghalaya
83.92
81.49
89.46
76.87
90.00 100.00
80.60
80.00 90.00
80.00
61.90
70.00
52.93
53.90
70.00
48.10
60.00
60.00
40.20
50.00
50.00
32.59
32.28
40.00 40.00
30.00 30.00
20.00
5.77
9.10
8.89
4.34
20.00
8.11
2.00
0.99
10.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal of Disposal of Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases
Rate of Police of Women Court Cases by Personnel Police Cases by
Personnel Police Cases Consumer Personnel Consumer
Mizoram Nagaland
107.22
105.14
94.50
95.00
100.00 120.00
76.61
90.00
71.60
81.70
100.00
80.00
70.00 80.00
58.50
60.00
50.00 60.00
29.66
30.77
40.00
19.26
40.00
30.00
11.01
9.74
7.72
7.18
20.00
6.33
20.00
2.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.00 0.00
Court Court

2020-21
Sikkim Tripura
87.03
91.49
88.46
99.58
120.00 100.00
76.70
88.06
87.84
87.52
90.00
100.00
80.00
53.83
70.00
80.00
60.00
39.89
60.00 50.00
25.60
30.60
23.10
40.00
23.08
22.10
40.00
30.00
11.11
20.00
8.07
6.89
5.13
5.03
20.00
10.00
0.00 0.00
Court Court
Uttarakhand
120.00
95.58
94.60
100.00
63.20
80.00
48.60
43.25
60.00
25.20
40.00
12.21
10.22
7.67
20.00
0.00
0.00
Conviction Availability Proportion Disposal Disposal
Personnel Consumer
Court
GGI - I GGI - II

z Women police personnel availability in the North-East and other Hill States have
increased over the previous GGI. However, the overall police personnel availability is
showing a general trend of decline although it is improved in Meghalaya, Manipur and
Mizoram.
z The conviction rate along with disposal of cases by consumer courts are showing a
general declining trend in all the North-East States although in J&K hill UT, the conviction
rate is slightly higher than previous GGI

2020-21
UTs
87.96
86.62
87.85
86.25
100.00 100.00
79.35
90.00 90.00
66.67
80.00 80.00
52.50
70.00 70.00
44.30
47.10
60.00 60.00
39.70
31.56
50.00
50.00
40.00
18.78
18.05
40.00
12.39
30.00
12.85
30.00
12.18 20.00
2.35
20.00
10.00
10.00
0.00
0
Conviction Availability of Proportion of Disposal of Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases
Rate Police Women Cases by Personnel Police Cases by
Personnel Police Consumer Personnel Consumer
76.80
76.67
120.00 90.00
95.48
86.31
80.00
100.00
70.00
80.00 60.00
42.30
41.20
50.00
60.00
35.49
40.00
24.56
40.00
14.79
30.00
13.90
13.92
11.98
10.70
6.12
20.00
3.74
6.20
20.00
2.10
0.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
Conviction Availability of Proportion of Disposal of
Rate Police Women Court Cases
Personnel Police
Personnel Consumer
Personnel
Court
GGI - I GGI - II
GGI - I GGI - II
Delhi Lakshadweep
83.18
98.30
120.00 90.00
71.89
89.38
80.00
100.00
61.00
70.00
80.00
57.10
60.00
51.60
60.00 50.00
31.44
40.00
40.00
16.00
12.30
30.00
8.64
10.49
20.00
0.13
0.00
20.00
7.92
0.00
0.00 10.00
Rate of Police of Women of Court of Cases 0.00
Personnel Police Cases by Conviction Rate Availability of Proportion of
Personnel Consumer Police Personnel Women Police
Court Personnel

2020-21
Puducherry
92.50
88.19
83.10
100.00
78.05
76.89
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
41.03
50.00
25.35
40.00
30.00
7.58
7.19
20.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
Personnel Consumer
Court
GGI - I GGI - II

z Women police personnel availability in high density UTs like Delhi and Puducherry is
registered higher number compared with previous GGI. However, the overall police
personnel availability is showing a general trend of decline which could be due to
increase in sanctioned strength although it is improved in Lakshadweep.
z Similar to other set of States, the conviction rate along with disposal of cases by consumer
courts is showing a general declining trend with the exception of Puducherry where the
Conviction Rate is higher than previous GGI.
8.3 Judiciary and Public Safety Sector Ranking

Judiciary and Public Safety Sector is presented as part of this section.

2020-21
Rank States Score

1 Tamil Nadu 0.557
Tamil Nadu 0.557
2 Kerala 0.459
Kerala 0.459
3 Maharashtra 0.391 Maharashtra 0.391
4 Punjab 0.371 Punjab 0.371
Gujarat 0.355
5 Gujarat 0.355
Karnataka 0.319
6 Karnataka 0.319 Andhra Pradesh 0.271
Goa 0.215
Haryana 0.213
8 Goa 0.215 Telangana 0.177
9 Haryana 0.213
10 Telangana 0.177
Rank States Score

1 Rajasthan 0.417 Rajasthan 0.417
Uttar Pradesh 0.322
Jharkhand 0.287
4 Jharkhand 0.287
5 Madhya Pradesh 0.282 Odisha 0.278
6 Odisha 0.278 Bihar 0.227
7 Bihar 0.227 West Bengal 0.116
8 West Bengal 0.116
Rank States Score

1 Nagaland 0.566 Nagaland 0.566
Mizoram 0.427
4 Mizoram 0.427 Sikkim 0.416
5 Sikkim 0.416 Tripura 0.408
6 Tripura 0.408 Meghalaya 0.396
Manipur 0.380
7 Meghalaya 0.396
J&K 0.362
8 Manipur 0.380
9 J&K 0.362 Assam 0.187
11 Assam 0.187

2020-21
UTs
Rank States Score
1 Chandigarh 0.434 Chandigarh 0.434

Delhi 0.423
2 Delhi 0.423
Puducherry 0.415
3 Puducherry 0.415 A&N Islands 0.408
4 A&N Islands 0.408 Daman & Diu 0.322
D&N Haveli 0.263
5 Daman & Diu 0.322
Lakshadweep 0.249
6 D&N Haveli 0.263
7 Lakshadweep 0.249
Notes:
(i) No data was available for Disposal of Court Cases for Andaman & Nicobar Island, Arunachal Pradesh and
Lakshadweep, therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other indicators.
(ii) No data was available for Disposal of Court Cases by Consumer Court for Dadra Nagar Haveli, Daman &
Diu and Lakshadweep, therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other indicators.

Change in Forest Cover
Proportion of Waste Recycle v/s Waste

Environment
Generated
Percentage of Degraded Land
Growth in Installed Capacity of Grid Interactive

Renewal Power
9 Environment
9.1 Environment Sector Indicators
Environment Sector deals with the growing increase their forest cover to 33% for
concerns on global warming, pollution, sustainable development. To achieve these
extreme weather conditions, etc. Forest objectives, States have to put in efforts. Few
conservation and development plays a indicators which measure the progress
major role in the economy. 20% of the of the States towards environmental
geographical area in India is covered by conservation include:
forests9 .
a. Change in Forest Cover
Actions are needed to mitigate the
b. Proportion of Waste Recycle v/s waste
climate change impacts through polices
generated
and planning. Initiatives taken by the
Government of India in order to improve the c. Percentage of degraded land
effectiveness of the sector include Namami
d. Growth in Installed Capacity of Grid
Gange, National Mission for Green India, etc.
Interactive Renewal Power
At present, all the States are aiming to
9 http://fsi.nic.in/
2020-21
Indicator Change in Forest Cover
Deforestation is one of the core reasons of environmental degradation. The change in

forest cover is an important factor and the indicator measures the area under forest
Rationale
cover over a particular time period. This indicator would also show whether the state
achieved 33% forest cover as envisioned in the National Forest Policy.
(a)Total area under forest cover in (a)Total area under forest cover in reference
reference year year
Data Items
(b)Total area under forest cover in
(b)Total area under forest cover in base year
preceding year

Formula (a) - (b) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit % %
India State of Forest Report; Biennial report published by Ministry of Environment,

Data Source
Forest and Climate Change
Indicator Proportion of Waste Recycle v/s waste generated
With increase in urbanisation and lifestyle change, the waste generated is reaching
epic proportions. Environmental sustainability demands that the maximum amount
Rationale
of waste should be either recycled, reused or processed. Inclusion of this indicator is
to assess comprehensive environmental protection preparedness by the States.
(a)Total waste recycled in reference (a)Total proportion of Waste Recycle v/s waste
year generated in reference year
Data Items
(b)Total waste generated in (b)Total proportion of Waste Recycle v/s waste
reference year generated in base year

Formula (a) - (b) / (b) X 100
periods
Unit % %
Data Source Sustainable Development Goals-National Indicator Framework Progress Report, 2020
Indicator Percentage of Degraded Land
To mitigate climate change, control on percentage of degraded land is important. It

Rationale
is also an outcome of overuse of land and unplanned development.
(a)Percentage of degraded land in reference

Data Items Directly calculated figure year
(b) Percentage of degraded land in base year

2020-21

Formula -
periods
Unit % %
Data Source EnviStats India 2019 (Environment Accounts) published by MoSPI, GoI
Indicator Growth in Installed Capacity of Grid Interactive Renewal Power
Renewable energy is very crucial for sustainable development and this indicator
Rationale
measures the growth in installed capacity of grid interactive renewable power.
(a) Cumulative installed capacity of grid

Directly calculated figure - Growth interactive renewable power in reference year
Rate (2017-18 to 2018-19) of
Data Items
cumulative installed capacity of
grid interactive renewable power (b) Cumulative installed capacity of grid
interactive renewable power in base year

Formula -
periods
Unit % %
Data Source Energy Statistics 2020 by MoSPI, GoI
9.2 Environment Sector Incremental Progress
This section presents a comparative picture of Change in Forest Cover registered by States
and UTs as per by-annual India State of Forest Reports of 2015 to 2017 and 2017 to 2019 which
is captured in GGI 2019 to GGI 2020-21.

2020-21
10.00
9.04
8.00
6.79
6.00
4.00
2.16
1.64
1.64
1.36
2.00
1.00
0.83
0.83
0.81
0.79
0.68
-0.12
-0.03
-0.07
-0.08
0.00
Bihar Chhattisgarh Jharkhand Madhya Orissa Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Pradesh
-2.00
GGI - I GGI - II

2020-21
1.26
1.50
1.17
1.03
0.95
1.00
0.59
0.52
0.50
0.50
0.00
Arunachal Assam Himachal J&K Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim Tripura Uttarakhand
Pradesh
-0.13
-0.15
-0.20
-0.22
-0.23
-0.25
-0.27
-0.27
-0.50
-0.36
-0.80
-1.00
-1.06
-1.50
-1.49
-1.60
-1.65
-2.00
-2.12
-2.50
GGI - I GGI - II
UTs
60.00
49.36
50.00
35.10
40.00
30.00
20.00
8.71
7.04
10.00
2.98
2.62
2.35
1.15
0.09
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.00
A&N Islands Chandigarh D&N Haveli Daman & Diu Delhi Lakshadweep Pondicherry
-0.48
-0.64
-10.00
GGI - I GGI - II

2020-21
9.3 Environment Sector Ranking

Environment Sector is presented as part of this section
Rank States Score

1 Kerala 0.384
Kerala 0.384
2 Tamil Nadu 0.369 Tamil Nadu 0.369
3 Gujarat 0.368 Gujarat 0.368
Karnataka 0.338
4 Karnataka 0.338
Goa 0.323
5 Goa 0.323 Maharashtra 0.316
6 Maharashtra 0.316 Andhra Pradesh 0.195
Punjab 0.160
Haryana 0.153
8 Punjab 0.160 Telangana 0.109
9 Haryana 0.153
10 Telangana 0.109

2020-21

Rank States Score
1 Rajasthan 0.377 Rajasthan 0.377
2 West Bengal 0.375 West Bengal 0.375
Jharkhand 0.335
3 Jharkhand 0.335
Uttar Pradesh 0.333
4 Uttar Pradesh 0.333 Bihar 0.330
5 Bihar 0.330 Madhya Pradesh 0.308
6 Madhya Pradesh 0.308 Odisha 0.154
Chhattisgarh 0.144
7 Odisha 0.154
Rank States Score

2 Tripura 0.360 Tripura 0.360
Assam 0.260
4 Assam 0.260 Meghalaya 0.238
5 Meghalaya 0.238 Sikkim 0.200
6 Sikkim 0.200 J&K 0.162
Uttarakhand 0.138
7 J&K 0.162
8 Uttarakhand 0.138 Nagaland 0.120
9 Arunachal Pradesh 0.132 Mizoram 0.110
10 Nagaland 0.120
11 Mizoram 0.110
UTs
Rank States Score

Puducherry 0.416
2 Puducherry 0.416 Chandigarh 0.281
3 Chandigarh 0.281 Delhi 0.243
D&N Haveli 0.148
4 Delhi 0.243
A&N Islands 0.145
5 D&N Haveli 0.148 Lakshadweep 0.135
6 A&N Islands 0.145
7 Lakshadweep 0.135
Notes:
(i) No data was available for Proportion of Waste Recycle v/s waste generated for Dadra Nagar Haveli and
Daman & Diu, therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other indicators.
(ii) From the available latest data source for Percentage of Degraded Land from EnviStats India 2021 published
by MoSPI, data is available for only 20 States – which has been considered for calculating the Sector score.
For remaining States, indicator weightage has been equally distributed to other indicators
Citizen Centric Governance
Enactment of Right to Services Act by the States
Grievance Redressal Status
Government Services Provided Online to

Citizens
10 Citizen Centric Governance

10.1 Citizen Centric Governance Sector Indicators
IIndia has an elaborate legal framework of serving the citizens should permeate all
and institutional structures underpinned government organizations. Governments
by the Constitution which articulate the have taken measures such as enactment
vision of a welfare state and by implication of Right to Services Act, publishing
provide for creation of a citizen centric Citizens’ Charter etc. Due to availability of
governance structure. Citizen centricity Information Technology (IT) application,
with the aim of ensuring citizens’ welfare service provision can be improved further
and citizens’ satisfaction is critical for through online services to the citizen. With
any government - local, state or national, increased penetration of computer and
which aims to provide good governance. internet, such service delivery mechanism
Governance in order to be citizen centric is proving to be more efficient and effective
should be participative and transparent. It and at the same time cost effective for all
should be effective, efficient and responsive stakeholders.
to the citizens’ needs. Furthermore, an ethos
2020-21
Indicator Enactment of Right to Services Act by the States
Right to Services Act is the first step in curbing corruption by ensuring time-bound
Rationale delivery of public services to the citizen by the Government. It brings more effective
and efficient governance and enactment of the Act is considered very crucial.
(a) Normalised score for the reference

Information regarding whether the State year
Data Items
has enacted the Right to Services Act
(b) Normalised score for the base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit Yes / No
Data Source DARPG
Note: * = Method for calculating normalised score is provided in Section 2.6.1
Indicator Grievance Redressal Status
Grievance Redress Mechanism is an important component of good governance. It

Rationale is an instrument to measure efficient and effectiveness of the governance system.
This indicator measures the number of grievances redressed against the received.
(a)Total grievances redressed in (a)Percentage of grievance redressal in

Data Items
(b) Percentage of grievance redressal in
(b)Total grievances receives in reference year
base year

Formula (a) - (b) / (b) X 100
of periods
Unit % %

2020-21
Indicator Grievance Redressal Status
Grievance Redress Mechanism is an important component of good governance. It

Rationale is an instrument to measure efficient and effectiveness of the governance system.
This indicator measures the number of grievances redressed against the received.
(a)Total grievances redressed in (a)Percentage of grievance redressal in

Data Items
(b) Percentage of grievance redressal in
(b)Total grievances receives in reference year
base year

Formula (a) - (b) / (b) X 100
of periods
Unit % %
Indicator Government Services Provided Online to Citizens
This indicator measures the progress made by the State Governments in providing
Rationale
services online to citizens.
(a) NESDA Score of reference year

Data Items NESDA Score of current year
(b) NESDA Score of base year

Formula -
of periods
Unit Nos. %
National e-Governance Service Delivery Assessment (NeSDA) Score by DARPG,

Data Source
Government of India
10.2 Citizen Centric Governance Sector Ranking
The GGI framework assigns differential made to arrive at a consensus on assigned

weightages for Indicators. The outcome weightages during consultative meetings.
/ output-based indicators are assigned The category-wise ranking of States and
higher weightage whereas input/process- UTs for Citizen Centric Governance Sector is
based indicators are assigned relatively presented as part of this section.
lower weightage and attempts have been

2020-21
Rank States Score

1 Haryana 0.914
2 Gujarat 0.788 Haryana 0.914

Gujarat 0.788
3 Punjab 0.716
Punjab 0.716
4 Goa 0.633 Goa 0.633
Maharashtra 0.543
5 Maharashtra 0.543
Karnataka 0.512
6 Karnataka 0.512 Kerala 0.506
7 Kerala 0.506 Telangana 0.394
Tamil Nadu 0.182
8 Telangana 0.394 Andhra Pradesh 0.075
9 Tamil Nadu 0.182
Rank States Score

Rajasthan 0.883
1 Rajasthan 0.883
Uttar Pradesh 0.802
Chhattisgarh 0.795
3 Chhattisgarh 0.795 Bihar 0.649
4 Bihar 0.649 Madhya Pradesh 0.627
West Bengal 0.604
Odisha 0.548
6 West Bengal 0.604 Jharkhand 0.510
7 Odisha 0.548
8 Jharkhand 0.510
Rank States Score

1 Uttarakhand 0.560
Uttarakhand 0.560
2 J&K 0.557 J&K 0.557
Mizoram 0.440
5 Mizoram 0.440
Tripura 0.318
6 Tripura 0.318 Nagaland 0.314
7 Nagaland 0.314 Manipur 0.115
Meghalaya 0.083
8 Manipur 0.115
9 Meghalaya 0.083
Sikkim 0.001
11 Sikkim 0.001

2020-21
UTs
Rank States Score
1 Delhi 0.661
Delhi 0.661
2 Lakshadweep 0.305
Lakshadweep 0.305
Chandigarh 0.279
4 Chandigarh 0.279
A&N Islands 0.260
5 A&N Islands 0.260 D&N Haveli 0.246
6 D&N Haveli 0.246 Puducherry 0.158
7 Puducherry 0.158
Note:
(i) No data was available for number of Government services provided online to citizens from NeSDA Report
2019 for J&K and Uttarakhand, therefore, indicator weightages have been equally distributed to other
indicators.

4 Incremental Progress and Ranking
TThe ranking for GGI 2020-21 is based on ten The GGI 2020-21 has overall 58 indicators
sectors, adding ‘Citizen Centric Governance’ spread over ten sectors. A total of 42
as a new Sector to the set of nine sectors , indicators remains the same as GGI 2019
which formed the core of GGI 2019. while there were seven indicators in GGI 2019
which got obsolete and were not included
(i) Agriculture & Allied Sectors as part of GGI 2020-21.
(ii) Commerce and Industries
(iii) Human Resource Development A total of 16 new indicators are included in
(iv) Public Health GGI–2020 which includes the suggestions
(v) Public Infrastructure & Utilities received from the consultations.
(vi) Economic Governance 1. Agriculture Mandis Enrolled in e-Market
(vii) Social Welfare & Development 2. Growth of Egg/Poultry production
(viii) Judicial & Public Safety 3. Change in No. of MSME Units Registered
(ix) Environment under Online under Udyog Aadhar
(x) Citizen Centric Governance Registration
4. Increase in No. of Establishments
Ranking is computed by following the Registered under GST
methodology, as discussed in Chapter 2.
2020-21
5. Start-up Environment 15. Grievance Redressal Status

6. Schools with Access to Computers 16. Government Services Provided Online
for Pedagogical Purposes / Working to Citizens
Computers
7. No. of Hospital Beds per 1000 Population The eight indicators of GGI 2019 which are
8. Operationalization of Health and not included in GGI 2020-21 are:
Wellness Centres (HWCs) 1. Total Fertility Rate
9. Wards (Urban) Covered by D-t-D Waste 2. Operationalisation of 24X7 facility at
Collection PHC
10. Banking outlets per 100,000 population 3. Towns Declared ODF
11. Aadhaar seeded Ration Cards 4. Village Declared ODF 5. Access to
12. Proportion of Waste Recycle v/s Waste Power Supply
Generated 6. Availability of 24X7 power Supply
13. Percentage of Degraded Land 7. Availability of State-level Action Plan for
14. Growth in Installed Capacity of Grid Climate Change
Interactive Renewable Power 8. Growth in MSME establishments
4.1 Incremental Change
The primary objective of GGI is to present As discussed under Section 2.7, for a limited
State of Governance in the States as well purpose of GGI 2020-21, the eighteen States
as to initiate healthy competition amongst which otherwise were grouped as Other
States and UTs. The end results are to improve States are now sub-grouped into two –
citizen services and make the government Group A and Group B.
inclusive and accountable. Towards
meeting this objective, the comparative In the following sections and tables, it is
analysis presented in the following sections attempted to present incremental change
depicts the change. From GGI 2020-21, it is of computed scores between 2019 and
easily observed that in most of the sectors 2020-21. Along with presenting this change,
and indicators, States and UTs have shown sectors that have propelled this change
significant improvement and progress from have also been identified under ‘Improved
previous Index. Sectors’ column.

2020-21
Score Score
# States Change Improved Sectors
2020-21* 2019
-0.58 • Agriculture & Allied Sector
1 Andhra Pradesh 4.47 5.05
(-11.4) • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
• Agriculture & Allied Sector
• Commerce & Industry
1.06 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
2 Goa 5.35 4.29
(24.7) • Economic Governance
• Social Welfare & Development
• Environment
• Human Resource Development
• Public Infrastructure & Utilities
0.62
3 Gujarat 5.66 5.04 • Economic Governance
(12.3)
• Judiciary & Public Safety
4 Haryana 5.33 5.00
0.01
5 Karnataka 5.11 5.10 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
(0.2)
0.24 • Commerce & Industry
6 Kerala 5.22 4.98
(4.8) • Social Welfare & Development
0.03 • Human Resource Development
7 Maharashtra 5.43 5.40
(0.5) • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
0.40
8 Punjab 4.97 4.57 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
(8.7)
-0.57
9 Tamil Nadu 5.05 5.62 • Social Welfare & Development
(-10.1)
10 Telangana 4.84 4.83
Note: * = Score arrived as per the indicators included in GGI 2020-21 and assigned weightages
In Group A States, Goa has shown the highest incremental change of 24.7% in 2020-21 over
2019. This is followed by Gujarat with second highest incremental change of 12.3% change
over 2019. While Goa and Gujarat have registered a double-digit incremental percentage,
Haryana (6.6%) and Kerala (4.8%) are close second cohort of states with impressive growth.
Maharashtra (0.5%), Punjab (0.4%), both Telangana and Karnataka (0.2%) are the remaining
four States that are registering a incremental growth albeit a marginal growth.

2020-21
When absolute computational numbers are analysed, Gujarat with 5.66 score tops the
list of the States followed by Maharashtra (5.43), Goa (5.35), Haryana (5.33), Kerala (5.22)
and Tamil Nadu (5.05). Because the scores are computed to compare and rank the states
in descending order of scores, States may be arranged in the pecking descending order.
However, the scores themselves do not significantly differ. The scores of seven States are in
the scoring bracket of 5.0 (ranging between 5.66 and 5.05). The next level of States in the
upper 4.0 bracket also are in the range between 4.97 and 4.47).
Score Score
2020-21* 2019
0.22
1 Bihar 4.62 4.40 • Social Welfare & Development
(5.0)
-0.18 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
2 Chhattisgarh 4.86 5.05
(-3.7) • Social Welfare & Development
• Public Health
0.53
3 Jharkhand 4.76 4.23 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
(12.6)
• Economic Governance
4 Madhya Pradesh 4.89 4.85
0.14
5 Odisha 4.58 4.44 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
(3.2)
0.08
6 Rajasthan 4.88 4.80 • Social Welfare & Development
(1.7)
0.38 • Social Welfare & Development
7 Uttar Pradesh 4.63 4.25
(8.9) • Judiciary & Public Safety
-0.32
8 West Bengal 4.52 4.84 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
(-6.6)
In Group B States, Jharkhand has shown the highest incremental change of 12.6% in 2020-21
over 2019. This is followed by Uttar Pradesh with second highest incremental change of 8.9%
change over 2019. Bihar (5.0%), Odisha (3.2%) and Rajasthan (1.7%) are the next cohort of
States that have registered impressive growth. However, West Bengal (-6.6%) followed by
Chhattisgarh (-3.7%) have declined in their growth over 2019.

2020-21
When absolute computational numbers are analysed, Madhya Pradesh with 4.89 score tops
the list of eight States in Group B followed by Rajasthan (4.88), Chhattisgarh (4.86), Jharkhand
(4.76), Uttar Pradesh (4.63), Bihar (4.62) Maharashtra (5.43) and West Bengal (4.52). Again,
because the scores are computed to compare and rank the states in descending order
of scores, States may be arranged in the pecking descending order. However, the scores
themselves do not significantly differ. All eight States in this Group are within the scoring
bracket of upper 4.0 (ranging between 4.89 to 4.52).
Score Score
2020-21* 2019
Arunachal -0.19
1 2.84 3.03 • Public Health
Pradesh (-6.2)
-0.03
2 Assam 4.04 4.07 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
(-0.6)
3 Himachal Pradesh 5.08 5.22
4 J&K 4.19 4.04
-0.44 • Commerce & Industry
5 Manipur 3.49 3.93
(-11.2) • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
-0.33
6 Meghalaya 3.48 3.81 • Human Resource Development
(-8.8)
• Public Health
7 Mizoram 4.87 4.41
(10.4) • Public Health
8 Nagaland 3.62 3.55
0.20
9 Sikkim 4.40 4.21 • Human Resource Development
(4.7)
10 Tripura 4.51 4.50
-0.03 • Public Health
11 Uttarakhand 4.84 4.87
2020-21
Among the North-East States, Mizoram has registered highest incremental change of 10.4%
followed by Sikkim at 4.7%, Nagaland (1.9%) and a marginal growth of 0.1% in Tripura. On
the other hand, Manipur with highest decline of -11.2% tops the list of NE States that have
registered negative growth over 2019 followed by Meghalaya at -8.8%, Arunachal Pradesh
(-6.2%) and Assam (-0.6%).
The Commerce and Industry Sector is one of the important pillars to Good Governance
Index that is being developed. In 2019, when suitable indicators meeting the indicator
selection principles were finalized, only three met the criteria. Between 2019 and now, data
from all States for other relevant indicators was being published by concerned Ministries.
Data on GST registered industrial establishments due to roll out of GST in July 2017, start-
up data because of GoI proactive promotion through incentives as well as data related to
linking MSME with Udyog Aadhar registration offered opportunity to make this sector more
wholistic. Among the Sectors that have propelled growth in North-East States, Commerce
and Industries Sector figures in all the NE States and is one of the key factors of growth in GGI
2020-21 over GGI 2019. Ease of Doing Business along with increase in setting up Industries
activity is generally improved in these States.
Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, which are part of this group of States, the growth is
similar or even better than some of the Group A and Group B States. HP with a score of 5.08
in 2020-21 (although declined from 2019 from 5.22) is performing better than most Group B
States. Uttarakhand with a score of 4.84 is comparable with all the top performing States in
Group B States. In GGI 2020-21, J&K Hill UT has registered a growth of 3.7%.
UTs
Score Score
2020-21* 2019
0.10
1 A&N Islands 4.22 4.12 • Public Health
(2.5)
2 Chandigarh 4.54 4.68
(-3.1)
3 D&N Haveli 3.95 3.12 • Social Welfare & Development
(26.6)
4 Daman & Diu 4.54 4.33 • Public Infrastructure & Utilities
(5.0)

2020-21
UTs
Score Score
2020-21* 2019
5 Delhi 5.00 4.39
0.38
6 Lakshadweep 3.35 2.97 • Human Resource Development
(12.8
• Public Health
7 Puducherry 4.71 4.69
(0.4) • Public Health
Similar to NE and Hill States, in UTs also Puducherry (4.71) are the two top UTs
Commerce and Industry Sector is largely and incidentally these two also have
contributing to the growth in 2020-21. higher density of population. Daman &
Dadar Nagar Haveli with 26.6% followed Diu (4.54), Andaman and Nicobar Islands
by Delhi at 14.0% are the top two UTs that (4.22) followed by D&N Haveli (3.95 and
have registered an excellent growth. Lakshadweep at 3.35 are the bottom
Lakshadweep with 12.8% is not far behind cohort UTs. Like Group B States, the overall
these two states. Daman Diu (5.0%), A&N computed score of UTs is also in the range
Islands (2.5%) and Puducherry (0.4%) have between 5.00 and 4.22 with the exception
also registered incremental growth over of Lakshadweep and D&N Haveli which
2019. are in upper 3.0 bracket, making them
very competitive and achieving better
When absolute computational numbers penetration of programme implementation.
are analysed, Delhi (5.00) followed by
4.2 Composite Ranking
The ranking for GGI 2020-21 is based on ten (i) Other States – Group A (10);
sectors which is computed by following the (ii) Other States – Group B (8);
methodology, as discussed in Chapter 2. To (iiI) North-East and Hill States (11); and
ensure rationality, equity and level-playing (iv) Union Territories (7).
field, States and UTs are grouped into four
categories and ranking has been presented As detailed out in respective sections that
in following four groups: the score and ranks for GGI 2020-21 are
computed based on 58 indicators and
ten sectors instead of 50 Indicators and

2020-21
nine sectors of GGI 2019 after inclusion of of ranks of GGI 2019 and GGI 2020-21
new indicators and omission of obsolete between of States and UTs is neither been
indicators. In addition, the Other State taken-up or presented. In the following
category is further bifurcated into two sections, category-wise ranks of the States/
categories Group A and Group B, which were UTs for GGI 2020-21 are presented:
not part of GGI 2019, therefore, comparison
Rank States Score

1 Gujarat 5.662
2 Maharashtra 5.425 Gujarat 5.662

Maharashtra 5.425
3 Goa 5.348 Goa 5.348
Kerala 5.216
5 Kerala 5.216 Karnataka 5.109
6 Karnataka 5.109 Tamil Nadu 5.052
Punjab 4.971
7 Tamil Nadu 5.052 Telangana 4.842
8 Punjab 4.971 Andhra Pradesh 4.470
9 Telangana 4.842
Rank States Score

2 Rajasthan 4.884
Rajasthan 4.884
Uttar Pradesh 4.628
Bihar 4.624
6 Bihar 4.624 Odisha 4.578
7 Odisha 4.578 West Bengal 4.519
8 West Bengal 4.519

2020-21
Rank States Score

4 Tripura 4.505 Tripura 4.505
Sikkim 4.404
5 Sikkim 4.404
J&K 4.195
6 J&K 4.195 Assam 4.042
7 Assam 4.042 Nagaland 3.615
Manipur 3.488
8 Nagaland 3.615
Meghalaya 3.477
9 Manipur 3.488 Arunachal Pradesh 2.840
10 Meghalaya 3.477
UTs
Rank States Score

Daman & Diu 4.543
3 Daman & Diu 4.543 Chandigarh 4.537
4 Chandigarh 4.537 A&N Islands 4.225
D&N Haveli 3.945
5 A&N Islands 4.225 Lakshadweep 3.355
6 D&N Haveli 3.945
7 Lakshadweep 3.355
Note: Detailed Notes are provided as part of Sector Ranking

5 Approach for Futuristic Governance Index:
Inclusion of Qualitative Assessment
5.1 Background
The concept of “Governance” has been organisations of the country. It influences

around in both political and academic and / or determines a course of action. It
discourse for a long time, referring in a gives authority to check or control and be
generic sense to the task of running a the predominating influence, be a standard
government, or any other appropriate entity or principle for, constitute a law for and
with reference to governing in the service serve to decide. If in this term, “effective or
of citizens. The word governance means, good” is added which makes a new term –
a set of rules for controlling or managing Effective Governance or Good Governance,
the country’s affairs with authority. By with certain change in the meaning, now it
this, government designs the policy, becomes good management of nation or
conducts affairs of its own and different the State.
2020-21
Many scholars give definition of good citizen. As part of the endeavour to make
governance by different perspective. The the GGI germane, moving forward for
GGI 2019 and GGI 2020-21 have adopted subsequent editions of the GGI, the said
a simpler but comprehensive definition definition is proposed to be broadened
which refers Good Governance as an and encompasses the process/es followed
efficient and effective administration to produce results that meet the needs
and programme delivery mechanism of society while making the best use of
leading to improvement in quality of life of resources at Governments’ disposal.
5.2 Rationale for Amendment
It was very well recognised at the time of perceptions based or inference driven.
developing the GGI Framework that it is a Any ‘index’ by design would have to have
first step in the journey and the Framework, quantifiable indicators for comparative
once implemented, would be subject to analysis. However, Governance as a whole
serious scrutiny and debate and over a would be ‘whole’ if both qualitative and
period of time with gradual improvements quantitative parameters are balanced,
based on inputs received will become more even if it means converting the qualitative
robust and rooted. So far, as a principle, dimensions into quantifiable data points.
GGI 2019 and GGI 2020-21 have included There are several methods available by
Output and Outcome-based Indicators which this conversion is possible. When
only which were selected based on life- in future iterations/generations of GGI is
cycle approach. Additionally, across the introducing the qualitative parameters, the
ten sectors, only those indicators were best possible methods will be deployed to
finalised for which data/information is convert these into quantifiable dimensions/
regularly published by the Central Ministry/ parameters.
Department. As part of evolution process
and to make the assessment more wholistic, The new GGI Framework for assessing
some additional aspects (inclusion of input the state of governance discussed in this
and process-based indicators) are being Chapter is an attempt at developing a
proposed to be covered in amended edition home-grown futuristic assessment model
of GGI Framework. While the argument that would find acceptance among the State
of indexing the state of governance as Governments as Ease of Doing Business
a means of comparing same indicators (EoDB) Rankings, Swachh Survekshan,
across States would be in jeopardy if the etc. Based on international discourse and
quantitative aspects/parameters are practice on governance measurement and
blended with qualitative parameters. By in consultations with the senior officials of
nature, the qualitative parameters are DARPG, GoI, Central Ministries/Departments,
State Governments, leading experts from

2020-21
different fields, etc., a new Framework for 5.3 Aspects for Inclusion
assessing governance at the State-level is
While it is easy to understand governance
being contemplated.
at a conceptual level, the difficult part is
This chapter attempts to identify additional to break it down into its elements that are
set of Governance Indicators (which may measurable. Since the inception, one of the
be included in addition to the existing 58 objectives of GGI Framework is to not only
Governance Indicators) under the present enable assessment of the state/quality of
ten GGI Sectors and these additional governance in a particular State, but also to
indicators may be based on the secondary encourage States to initiate specific reform
data sources and primary data collection as measures that improve the governance
well. As some of these additional indicators and quality of life of citizen.
may not have readily available data from
To achieve the said objective and a
secondary sources, a strategy to compile
wholistic assessment, it is important that
them at Central Ministry/Department-level
the assessment Framework should provide
and methodology to collect primary data is
effective tools for policy formulation and
also discussed in brief. There may also be a
programme monitoring and evaluation,
need to take up sector specific studies by
which are inclusive of inputs, process and
selecting States that are performing at high,
impact-based indicators, in addition to the
medium and low levels in the quantifiable
output and outcome-oriented indicators.
indicators. Such complementary studies will
Input and process-based indicators refer to
allow the analysts to identify the reasons of
the quality of governance in terms of how
performance or lack thereof.
the output and outcomes are achieved.
Both types, i.e., qualitative and quantitative

Input indicators will be included as part of new
Framework. The qualitative indicators will
Results Process be included to provide a measure through
citizen’s opinions and perceptions and
Indicators quantitative indicators (similar to existing
of New GGI indicators) will be based on numerical or
statistical facts that are monitor or evaluate
Impact Output some phenomenon. For both types of
indicators, data/information will be derived
Outcome from the following sources.

2020-21
losing the essence of perceptions/inputs/
•P rimary sources which processes adopted in achieving the level of

Qualitative includes surveys among Governance in the States. However, at this
citizens,employees,etc.
point, this is at a nascent stage and further
research and deliberations are required
•S econdary sources such as
Quantitive official reports, dashboards, before finalising this method/approach.
time-seriespublications,etc.
Additionally, with inclusion of above-
mentioned new aspects with qualitative
Based on the inputs received during various
indicators, the new Framework will attempt
consultations, the new Framework will be
to provide a clear differentiation between
a judicious mix of qualitative/subjective
governance dimensions and governance
(primary data) and quantitative/objective
characteristics / principles. In other
(secondary data) indicators. However, the
words, a distinction will be made between
new Framework does not suggest use of
output/outcome-oriented indictors that
expert group assessments for governance
refer to quality of governance in terms of
measurements not only because they have
a normative performance (e.g. level of
minimum statistical relevance, but they
might also be highly biased. Subjective literacy) and process indicators that refer
perceptions of people have value when to quality of governance in terms of how the
they are scientifically collated through outcomes are achieved (e.g. whether the
robust sampling methodologies. Thus, process of recruitment of teachers ensured
the indicator framework recommends equity and transparency).
a combination of objective data from
secondary sources and subjective data A sector-wise list of indicative additional
from people’s survey. Qualitative data indicators, which were either proposed
or perceptions data will be subjected to during various consultations or identified
a means of conversion to quantifiable during literature review, is being provided to
data using appropriate methods without make the new Framework comprehensive.

2020-21
Table: List of Identified Additional set of Governance Indicators

# Sectors # Additional Indicators
1. Contribution of Farmer Producer Organisation (FPOs) in

infrastructure creation, information dissemination, etc., to
farmers at State-level
2. Per acre/hectare usage of pesticides
3. Adoption of Organic Farming or percentage of gross
cropped area increased under organic farming
4. State Agriculture policy addressing crop diversification
5. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana - area brought
under micro irrigation (to be calculated against the
potential area available for irrigation)
6. Growth of Food Processing Sector
7. Percentage of digitisation of land records- Data to be
obtained from Department of Land Resources (DoLR), GoI
8. Crop Insurance – percentage of non-loanee farmers
brought under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
Agriculture and
1 9. Quality seeds distributed per hectare
Allied
10 Percentage of farmers issued Kisan Credit Cards
11. Number of households under Milk Cooperatives
12. Percentage of artificial insemination
13. Innovation/reforms undertaken in the State in Agriculture
14. Access to Inputs: Seeds, Fertilizers, Credit, Pesticides,
Insecticides, Irrigation Facilities, etc.
15. Growth in Fish Production
16. Access to Agriculture Market / weather/ soil information
17. Access to Information
18. Public Expenditure on agriculture as % of Net State
Domestic Product (NSDP) of Agriculture
19. Procurement by public agencies
20. State wise food grain storage capacity
21. Agriculture loan disbursement
22. % of share expenditure increased in R&D
2 Commerce and 1. Percentage increase/growth in Export

Industries 2. Growth of industries
3. Number of Start-ups with UNICORN Status in the State

2020-21
1. Capacity of human resource involved in service provision

to citizen
2. Pass % at Under Graduate (UG) level
3. Pass % at Post Graduate (PG) level
4. % of universities in which curriculum is revised at least
once in last three years
5. % of teachers having publications of at least one paper
per year in last five years
Human Resource
3 6. Ratio of Filled vs vacant positions in State universities
Development
7. % of teachers having Ph.D. degree
8. % of students who take admission in higher education
institutions to the number of students who passed 12th
class (separately for boys and girls)
9. Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of SC, ST and OBC students
10. % of students who went for skill training after 12th class
11. % of students who completed skill courses
12. % of students who got placement after skill training
1. Delivery Attended by Skilled Birth Personnel / Proportion of

Institutional Deliveries
2. Percentage of children age 12-23 months fully immunised
4 Public Health
3. Percentage of Population Receiving Ayushman Scheme
benefits vs Eligible
4. Registration System of Births and Deaths
1. Availability of broadband services at village-level

2. Mechanism to increase Jan Bhagidari
3. Measuring performance of Urban and Rural Local Bodies
Public Infrastructure
5 4. Grievance Redressal mechanism adopted in
and Utilities
implementation of schemes and programmes
5. Use of ICT in Service Delivery
6. Ease of living

2020-21
1. Mechanism to improve financial literacy

2. Mechanism for addressing the grievances of citizen
related to digital transaction
3. Preventive Mechanisms/ Systems set up by the States in
promoting digital transaction and reducing cyber crimes
Economic 4. Ratio of capital expenditure of the State to the total
6
Governance expenditure of the State or GSDP
5. Ratio of social sector expenditure of the state to the total
expenditure of the State or GSDP
6. Growth in per capita income – can be treated as repeated
indicator
7. Development of Rural and Far flung areas
1. Performance in “One National One Ration Card”

2. Consumer Grievance Redressal architecture and
performance
3. Number of SC/ST/OBC Beneficiaries Getting Skill Training
during the Year
4. Percentage of Skilled SC/ST/OBC Beneficiaries Getting
Placement (Wage/Self-Employment)
5. Percentage of Total SC/ST/OBC Beneficiaries Received
Pre-Metric Scholarship through Direct Benefit Transfer
(DBT) and having Aadhar
Social Welfare and
7 6. Percentage of Total SC/ST/OBC Beneficiaries Received
Development
Pre-Metric Scholarship through Direct Benefit Transfer
(DBT) and having Aadhar Seeded Back Account
Post-Metric Scholarship through Direct Benefit Transfer
(DBT) and having Aadhar
8. Measures of Service Delivery and Citizen Centric Policies
in the States and their effectiveness/ Impact
Post-Metric Scholarship through Direct Benefit Transfer
(DBT) and having Aadhar Seeded Back Account

2020-21
1. No. of Information-Communication Technology (ICT)

8 enabled e-Courts
Safety
2. Online availability of court case
1. Availability of implementation mechanism, timeline for

monitoring the State Level Action Plan for Climate Change
2. Total number of cities with Air Quality Index (AQI) between
9 Environment
0 to 15 to the total number of cities in the State
3. Percentage of degraded land converted into fertile land
4. Change in Carbon Stock
1. Sense of Duty “Kartavya” among the officials of State

Governments
2. Mechanism to provide services in transparent and
seamless manner
3. Adaption of technology towards furtherance delivery of
Citizen Centric
10 services
Governance
4. Complaint redressal mechanism and its performance
5. Integration of new tools/innovation into the existing
system toward prevention of hardship faced by the citizen
in assessing their entitlements
6. Use of ICT in Citizen Centric Services
The above-mentioned indicators will further finalised. The data collection process for
go-through the elaborate refinement the indicators which get finalised from
process which includes consultations and the above-mentioned list will primarily be
interactions with various stakeholders dependent on their type, i.e., quantitative
such as Central Ministries/Departments and qualitative.
concerned, State Governments and UTs,
sectoral experts, secondary research, z Data Collection for Quantitative
etc., before finalising them as part of new Indicators
Framework. As a first step for compiling the data
for quantitative indicator, a thorough
5.4 Data Collection Process secondary research will be undertaken
for ensuring the data availability from
After the detailed consultations with
existing resources such as annual
stakeholders, the list of indicators will be

2020-21
reports, dashboards or any other regular Consultations with Ministry

publication (statistical) of Central / Department concerned
for indicator finalisation
Ministry/Department concerned, NITI
Aayog, MoSPI, Govt. of India, Registrar
Desk research & inputs from
General & Census Commissioner, Ministries on data availability
Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India,
etc. If such data is already available,
Developing Data Collection
it will be used for Index computation. Templates in case of non -
availability of data
This exercise will be an extension of the
present methodology of identifying
Data submission by States &
data sources, getting the data validated UTs to Ministries concerned
for validation
by the respective line Ministries /
Departments, and including it as part of
Validated data to be used for
index computation matrix. index computation
From among the list of finalised new

quantitative indicators, for those
z Data Collection Process for Qualitative
indicators where no data is readily
Indicators
available, either at the Ministry
The objective of including qualitative
concerned or at the State level, a data
indicators with primary data is that they
collection template will be developed in
consultation with Ministry/Department validate and supplement the secondary
concerned. The approved template will data and also provide valuable insight
also include an explanatory note for into why and how the stakeholders
States and UTs to support them in data perceive governance in a particular
compilation. The Ministry/Department way. This is very valuable information/
concerned will be requested to circulate feedback to the policy makers to take up
the template to the States and UTs suitable measures for improving areas
and receive the data within pre-set where the governance is relatively poor.
timeframes. The Ministry/Department
concerned will also be requested to A detailed primary sample survey across
verify / validate the data received the States and UTs will be undertaken
from the States and UTs. The approved to capture data pertaining to the
data received through this process will qualitative indicators. Some of the key
be used for computing the Index. The steps for compiling data for qualitative
process flow diagram depicting the indicators are discussed in the above
steps is presented below: figure.

2020-21
•Identification of various target groups for primary

Categorisation of data collection
Indicators •Categorisation of indicators accordingly
•Understanding the aspect/s which will be assessed

Developing through indicator/s
Questionnaires •Developing different questionnaires based on
requirement
•Levels of stratified random sampling to be finalised

Finalising Sample Size &
•Finalising sample size depending upon the
Design universe
•Depending upon the questionnaires, sample size,

timelines, etc., dividing States into Zones
Field Plan
•Engaging professional research
organisation/institution
•Identify relevant secondary reports and analysed

for governance/ citizen service delivery trends /
issues
Sectoral Studies •From previous and present GGI, identify three
group of States -t op, medium and low level
preforming States and take up sector-specific
studies
•Compilation and tabulation of collection data

Data Management &
•Drawing necessary inputs required for index
Analysis computation
z Categorisation of Qualitative Indicators converted into questions which can

Firstly, the qualitative indicators will be easily elicit the response. Prior to
segregated as per the target groups framing the questions, it must be
which could be citizen, Government comprehended that what aspect of
employees, etc. Depending upon the governance is being assessed through
indicator, these target groups can the indicator. The framing of questions
be further be categorised as women, should be done carefully to ensure that
youth, economically weaker section the questions are easily understood by
(EWS), etc. the respondents.
z Developing Questionnaire/s The number of questionnaires to

To operationalise the sample survey, be developed will depend on the
a user-friendly research tools, i.e., various target groups/categories
questionnaire needs to be developed. to be interviewed since separate
The list of indicators should be questionnaires need to be designed for

2020-21
each of the groups. Each of the specific Districts as the first stage, villages/
question should be directly linked with cities as the second stage, wards within
the indicators and care must be taken the villages/cities as third stage and
that the interpretation of the question households as the fourth stage units.
remains the same. Most of the questions
can be measured on a Likert scale of 1 It is useful to note that there are
to 5 (1 being the worst and 5 being the certain States which have high
best). regional diversities and heterogeneous
population. It is extremely important to
Depending on the requirement, make sure that the sample represents
these questionnaires may have all section of the society. Thus the
to be translated into vernacular number of Districts/Villages/Cities/
languages. Before beginning the data Wards and the sample size may vary
collection process, a pilot testing of from State to State.
the questionnaires need to be done
to ensure they are working optimally. z Field Plan
Additionally, it is suggested that this For conducting primary surveys,
pilot testing of questionnaires should be it is advised to use the services of
conducted by a researcher or a person professional research agencies that
who understand the assessment have strong field operations and
Framework. professional investigators. Depending
on the number of questionnaires,
z Finalising Sample Size and Design number of questions under each
It is essential to obtain data from people questionnaires, sample size, the States
that are as representative as possible. and UTs can be divided into different
The stratified random sampling is zones for engaging the research
suggested to be followed for proper organisation/s for survey work. The
representation. Sample size needs to be engaged research agencies should
decided considering heterogeneity in ensure that the process of data
the population for better representation collection subscribes an operational
which can be handled by stratifying planning with road map, proper
the universe in to required number of training of investigators, monitoring
strata. Since the chance of variation and supervision with backchecks.
within a homogenous group is low, the
universe/target groups can be stratified z Sectoral Studies
into several homogeneous strata and a From GGI 2019 and the present GGI 2020-
multistage stratified random sampling 21, there are a set of top performing,
may be followed in the States with medium and low performing States.

2020-21
Further, in each Sector, there are some will be tabulated in order generate
States that have outperformed over meaningful results which can be used
the others. There are inherent reasons for index computation.
for this trend which is both historical
as well as recent concerted efforts It is a challenge to come up with a
by the States. Many research studies framework for assessing governance
carried out independently or by the given the complexity and controversy
line Ministries related to these sectors involving the subject. The new framework
present compelling reasons and discussed in this chapter tries to provide a
causes. Where such readily available sound conceptual basis for deconstructing
secondary data is available, a detailed governance and the indicators to measure
sectoral analysis to identify the trends it based on valuable inputs received from
and the interventions which resulted in various stakeholders during consultations. It
the performance will be done. However, adopts a rights-based approach enshrined
in Sectors, where readily available in India’s Constitution and attempt to focus
research studies area not available, it is the assessment from the perspective of
proposed to take up sectoral studies in citizen’s aspirations. The new GGI index
pre-defined timeframe as well as with will duly focus on process reengineering
clear objectives of studying the top, efforts at the State level, improvement in
medium and low performing states in service delivery mechanism in terms of
these sectors. use of ICT, access to information, etc. and
efficient grievance redressal mechanism.
z Data Management and Analysis Even though the new Framework is
The goal of the data preparation conceptualised based on the inputs
stage is to get the data ready for received, once the draft structure is ready,
analysis. Data analysis enables the it will be put up for greater discussion with
extraction of useful information from all stakeholders for finalisation.
the collected data. The collected data

2020-21
Annexures
Annexure 1: Sectors, Indicators and Weightages
Sl. No. Sectors Sl. No. Indicator Weightage
Growth of Agriculture and Allied

1 0.3
Sector
Growth of Food Grains
2 0.1
Production
3 Growth of Horticulture Produce 0.1
Agriculture and 4 Growth of Milk Production 0.1

1
Allied Sector 5 Growth of Meat Production 0.1
Growth of Egg/Poultry
6 0.1
production
7 Crop Insurance 0.15
8 Agri. Mandis enrolled in e-Market 0.05
1 Ease-of-Doing Business (EoDB) 0.4

2 Growth of industries 0.15
Change in No. of MSME Units
Commerce and 3 Registered under Online Udyog 0.15
2
Industry Aadhar Registration
Increase in No. of Establishments
4 0.2
5 Start-up Environment 0.1
1 Quality of Education 0.25

Retention Rate at Elementary
2 0.25
School Level
Human Resource 3 Gender Parity 0.2

3
Development 4 Enrolment Ratio of SC & ST 0.1
5 Skill Trainings Imparted 0.05
Placement Ratio Including Self-
6 0.05
employment
Schools with Access to
7 Computers for Pedagogical 0.1
Purposes / Working Computers

2020-21
Operationalization of Health and

1 0.1
Wellness Centres
2 Availability of Doctors at PHCs 0.1
4 Public Health 3 Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) 0.3

4 Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 0.3
5 Immunisation Achievement 0.1
No. of Hospital Beds per 1000
6 0.1
Population
1 Access to Potable Water 0.25

2 Connectivity to Rural Habitation 0.2
Increase in access to Clean
3 0.15
Cooking Fuel (LPG)
Public infrastructure Energy Availability Against the
5 4 0.15
& Utilities Requirement
Growth of Per Capita Power
5 0.15
Consumption
Wards (Urban) covered by
6 0.1
D-t-D waste collection
1. Growth in Per capita GSDP 0.3

Fiscal Deficit as a Percentage of
2 0.1
GSDP
Economic State’s Own Tax Revenue
6
Governance 3 Receipts to Total Revenue 0.3
Receipts
Debt (Total Outstanding
4 0.3
Liabilities) to GSDP

2020-21
1 Sex Ratio at Birth 0.1

2 Health Insurance Coverage 0.05
3 Rural Employment Guarantee 0.15
4 Unemployment Rate 0.1
5 Housing for All 0.1
Economic Empowerment of
Social Welfare & 6 0.1
7 Women
Development
Empowerment of SCs, STs, OBCs
7 0.1
and Minorities
Disposal of SC/ST Atrocity Cases
8 0.1
by Courts
Banking outlets per 100,000
9 0.1
population
10 Aadhaar seeded Ration Cards 0.1
1 Conviction Rate 0.3

2 Availability of Police Personnel 0.25
Proportion of Women Police
Judiciary and Public 3 0.15
8 Personnel
Safety
4 Disposal of Court Cases 0.15
Disposal of Cases by Consumer
5 0.15
Courts
1 Change in Forest Cover 0.5

Proportion of Waste Recycle v/s
2 0.1
waste generated
9 Environment 3 Percentage of degraded land 0.2
Growth in Installed Capacity
4 of Grid Interactive Renewable 0.2
Power
Enactment of Right to Services

1 0.4
Act by the States
Citizen Centric
10 2 Grievance Redressal Status 0.3
Governance
Government Services Provided
3 0.3
Online to Citizens

Annexure 2: Data Source of Indicators
2020-21
Year of
# Indicators Data Year Source
publication
Agriculture and Allied Sectors

Value of Output from Agriculture, Forestry
01 Growth rate of Agriculture and Allied Sector 2017-18 2020 and Fishing by National Statistical Office,
MoSPI
02 Growth rate of Food Grains Production 2018-19 2020 Agriculture Statistics at a Glance – 2020
by Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperation &
03 Growth rate of Horticulture Produce 2019-20 2020
Farmers Welfare, MoAFW
Statistics by NDDB with Dept. of Animal
04 Growth rate of Milk Production 2018-19 2020
Husbandry and Dairying, MoFAHD
05 Growth rate of Meat Production 2018-19 2019 Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics –
2019 by Dept. of Animal Husbandry and
06 Growth rate of Egg/Poultry production 2018-19 2019
Dairying, MoFAHD
Agriculture Statistics at a Glance – 2020
07 Crop Insurance 2019-20 2020 by Dept. of Agriculture, Cooperation &
Farmers Welfare, MoAFW
Sustainable Development Goals-
08 % of Agri. Mandis Enrolled in e-Market 2017-18 2021 National Indicator Framework Progress
Report, 2021 by MoSPI, GoI
Commerce & Industry
DPIIT (Latest data to be made available

01 Ease-of-Doing-Business (EoDB) 2019 2019
by DPIIT)
187
188
Year of
publication
Handbook on Statistics on Indian States:
2019-20
02 Growth rate of Industries 2018-19 2020
Publication of RBI
% Change in No. of MSME Units Registered under State-wise data Published by Ministry of
03 2021 2021
Online Udyog Aadhar Registration MSME
Increase in No. of Establishments Registered Dashboard of the Goods and Services
04 2020 2021
under GST Tax
States’ Start-up Ranking 2019, by DIPP,
05 Start-up Environment 2018 2019
MoC&I
Human Resource Development
Annual Status of Education Report
01 Quality of Education 2019 2019 (ASER) 2019 by ASER Centre facilitated
by Pratham
Retention Rate at Elementary Level (Grade I to
02 2019-20 2020
VIII) UDISE+ 2019-20, Ministry of Education,
03 Gender Parity Index 2019-20 2020 Department of School Education &
04 Enrolment Ratio of SC and ST 2019-20 2020 Literacy
05 % of Schools with Access to Computers 2019-20 2020
06 Skill Trainings Imparted 2021 2021 System (SDMS); Ministry of Skill
07 Placement Ratio Including Self-employment 2021 2021 Development
Public Health
01 Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 2018 2020 SRS Bulletin, Volume 53
2020-21
02 Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) 2016-18 2020 Special SRS Bulletin on Maternal Mortality

Year of
publication
2020-21
Dashboard of Intensified Mission

03 Immunization Achievement 2021 2021
Indradhanush 2.0
National Health Profile 2020 by CBHI,

04 No. of Govt. Hospital Beds per 1000 Population 2019 2020
MoHFW
05 Availability of Doctors at PHCs 2019-20 2020 Rural Health Statistics 2019-20; MoHFW
Operationalization of Health and Wellness HWC portal of Ministry of Health and
06 2021 2021
Centres Family Welfare
Public Infrastructure and Utilities
Urban - NSS Report No.584: Drinking
01 2018 2019 Water, Sanitation, Hygiene & Housing
Access to Potable Water
Condition in India by MoSPI
2021 2021 Rural - Jal Jeewan Mission Dashboard
Wards (Urban) Covered by D-t-D Waste
02 2020 2020 Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban
Collection
Dashboard cumulatively upto date Data
03 Connectivity to Rural Habitations 2021 2021
of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
Indian Petroleum and Natural Gas
04 Increase in Access to Clean Cooking Fuel (LPG) 2019 2020 Statistics 2018-19 and 2019-20 by
MoP&NG
Load Generation Balance Report 2020-
05 Energy Availability against the Requirement 2018-19 2021
21 by CEA
All India Electricity Statistics, General
06 Growth in per capita Power Consumption 2018-19 2020
Review 2020 by Ministry of Power
189
190
Year of
publication
Economic Governance
01 Growth in per capita GSDP 2019-20 2021 MoSPI, GoI
02 Fiscal Deficit as a Percentage of GSDP 2018-19 2021
State’s Own Revenue Receipts to Total Revenue State Finances: A Study of Budgets 2020-
03 2018-19 2021
Receipts 21, Annual Publication of RBI
04 Debt (Total Outstanding Liabilities) to GSDP 2018-19 2021
Welfare and Development
01 Sex Ratio at Birth 2018-19 2019 HMIS; MoHFW
National Family Health Survey 2019-20
02 Health Insurance Coverage 2019-20 2020
(Round 5)
03 Rural Employment Guarantee 2020-21 2021 MIS of MNREGA
Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force
04 Unemployment Rate 2019-20 2021
Survey (PLFS) 2019-20, by MoSPI
Report of Ministry of Housing and Urban
05 Housing for All 2021 2021
Affairs, GoI
Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force
06 Economic Empowerment of Women 2019-20 2021
Survey (PLFS) 2019-20, by MoSPI
07 Empowerment of SCs, STs, OBCs and Minorities 2019-20 2021 Annual Reports of Ministries concerned
08 No. of Banking Outlets per 100,000 Population 2019-201 2021 National Indicator Framework Progress
Report, 2021 by MoSPI
09 % of Aadhaar-seeded Ration Cards 2019 2020 Dept. of Food and Public Distribution
Crime in India 2019: Statistics published
2020-21
10 Disposal of SC/ST Atrocity Cases by Courts 2019 2020

by NCRB

Year of
publication
2020-21
Judiciary and Public Safety

Crime in India 2019: Statistics published
01 Conviction Rate 2019 2020

by NCRB
02 Availability of Police Personnel 2020 2020 Data on Police Organisations in India:
03 Proportion of Women Police Personnel 2020 2020 2020 published by BPRD
National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) –
04 Disposal of Court Cases 2021 2021
District and Taluka Courts of India
Dashboard of Computerisation and
05 Disposal of Cases by Consumer Courts 2021 2021 computer networking of consumer
forum in country
Environment
India State of Forest Report published
01 Change in Forest Cover 2019 2019 by Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change
02 Proportion of Waste Recycle v/s Waste Generated 2018-19 2021 National Indicator Framework Progress
Report, 2021 by MoSPI
03 Percentage of Degraded Land 2018 2021 EnviStats India 2021 by MoSPI
04 % Increase in Grid Interactive Renewable Energy 2020 2021 Energy Statistics 2021 by MoSPI
Citizen Centric Governance
01 Enactment of Right to Services Act by the States Data from DARPG
02 Grievance Redressal Status (CPGRAMS) 2020 2020 Dashboard of DARPG
Number of Government Services Provided Online NeSDA Score from NeSDA Report 2019
03 2019 2019
to Citizens (NeSDA Based Indicator) published by DARPG
191
Project Team
Design and Development of
Good Governance Index (GGI) 2020-21
Advisor
Shri Rajendra Nimje, ex-IAS

Director General, CGG
Design and Development Team
Shri Shabbeer Shaikh

Director and Project Leader
Shri Vaibhav Purandare

Programme Manager and Project Coordinator
Smt. Hijam Eskoni Devi

Programme Manager and Project Coordinator

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Contents

# Content Page No.

GGI is a comprehensive and implementable framework to assess the State of Governance

The Government of India constituted a Group of Secretaries (GoS) on Governance who

The components of GGI Framework includes:

Governance Governance Indicators that assess the

Principles for indicator selection are:

Simple and measurable

Output and outcome oriented

Usability of data and applicability across the

Time-series and authentic State-wise database

Good Governance Index i

Nos. of Indicators: GGI 2019 and 2020-21

ii Good Governance Index

Sectors and Indicators of Good Governance Index 2020-21

# Sectors # Indicators: GGI 2020-21

iv Good Governance Index

Good Governance Index v

Other States – Group A Other States – Group B

Rank States Rank States

1 Gujarat 1 Madhya Pradesh

North-East and Hill States UTs

Rank States Rank States

To measure and identify incremental progress made by States, an additional measure of

vi Good Governance Index

Good Governance Index vii

Good Governance Index ix

Good Governance Index xi

MoSPI : Ministry of Statistics and Programme implementation

xii Good Governance Index

the Seventh Schedule of Constitution with stories in the form of implementation

2 Good Governance Index

States have performed well in achieving of governance and impact of various

As envisaged to be a bi-annual exercise, progression keeping the changing scenario,

2020-21 while CGG, Hyderabad continues to State Governments/UTs and academicians

provide technical support. and appreciatively provided some insightful

Good Governance Index 3

1.2.2 Commerce and Industry

Social Public Central and State governments are coming

development of commerce and industries

4 Good Governance Index

growth in GST registrations there by giving

Good Governance Index 5

at Primary Health Centres (PHCs). improvement in the economy of any State

6 Good Governance Index

1.2.9 Environment more indicators for assessing the status of

Good Governance Index 7

2 Approach and Methodology

To meet the stated objectives mentioned backed up by statistical methods. To meet

2.1 Literature Review

2.2 Approach to the GGI Framework

Good Governance Index 9

Figure: Approach to GGI Framework

A. Consulative and Citizen

• Broad sectors encompass the entire governance spectrum;

• Indicators identified can be measured quantitatively majorly

2.2.1 Consultative and Citizen Centric Approach

Rigorous consultations at various levels Nainital, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Panaji.

10 Good Governance Index