A

MOOC based Seminar Report

On

SMART CITIES
www.futurelearn.com

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Seminar in 2nd Semester

of
M.B.A
By

HARSHIT BISHT
1905181
SEC (B)
Under the Guidance of
MS SHIVANI SOLANKI
(Assistant Professor, School of Commerce)

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
GRAPHIC ERA HILL UNIVERSITY
DEHRADUN
2020 – 2021
 CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT MR. HARSHIT BISHT HAS SATISFACTORILY PRESENTED MOOC BASED

SEMINAR ON THE COURSE TITLE SMART CITIES IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE SEMINAR

PRESENTATION REQUIREMENT IN 2nd SEMESTER OF MBA DEGREE COURSE PRESCRIBED BY

GRAPHIC ERA HILL UNIVERSITY DURING THE ACADEMIC SESSION 2020-21 .

Course Registration
 Overview of Modules Attended
S. NO. DATE Details of Modules Attended
1 24-03-2020 INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES
2 31-03-2020 Smart citizens
3 7-04-2020 INFRASTRUCTURE ,TECHNONLOGY AND
DATA

4 14-04-2020 CHALLENEGES FACING BY SMART CITIES

5 21-04-2020 SMART LEADERSHIP AND STRATEGY
6 28-04-2020 SMART CITY LEARNING AND EDUCATION
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to everyone to everyone who
supported me throughout the course of my MBA MOOC project . I am thankful
for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice
during the project work. I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful
and illuminating views on a number of issues related to the project.

I would also like to than my project guide and all the people who provided me
with the facilities being required and conductive condition for my MBA project .

Thank you ,

HARSHIT BISHT

harshit12699@gmail.com
 MODULE- 1

INTRODUCTION TO SMART CITIES

WEEK OF EXECUTION:1

OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING:

1. To know about SMART CITY.

2. To know the importance of SMART CITY in today’s world.

CONTENT OF MODULE:

INTRODUCTION OF SMART CITY

 A Smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic Internet of
Things (IoT) sensors to collect data and then use insights gained from that data to
manage assets, resources and services efficiently. This includes data collected from
citizens, devices, and assets that is processed and analyzed to monitor and manage
traffic and transportation systems, power plants, utilities, water supply networks,
waste management, crime detection, information systems, schools, libraries,
hospitals, and other community services
The overarching aim of a smart city is to enhance the quality of living for its citizens
through smart technology.
The objective of the smart cities mission is to promote cities that provide core
infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable
environment and application of smart solutions.

Cities are currently home to more than half of the world’s population and they are
expected to add another 2.5 billion new residents over the next 30 years. In
anticipation of this growth, cities are turning to Smart City applications to improve
city operations, the quality of life for city inhabitants and to foster economic
development.
First, for anyone new to Smart Cities, let’s define the term. According to the
Smart Cities Council, “a smart city uses information and communications
technology (ICT) to enhance its livability, workability and sustainability. In the
simplest terms, there are three parts to that job: ‘collecting’, ‘communicating’ and
‘crunching’. First, a smart city collects information

about itself through sensors and other devices such as controls and existing
systems. Next, it communicates that data using wired or wireless networks. Third, it
‘crunches’ (analyzes) that data to understand what’s happening now and what’s
likely to happen in the future.” This analysis is then presented to those individuals
who can best act on it.
Smart Cities are also defined as “cities that utilize operational, information and
communication technologies (OT and ICT) with the aim to increase the life quality of
their inhabitants while providing sustainable development”. Smart Cities is a broad
concept, and the realization of that concept for each city is as unique as that city
itself.

Most cities are still in the “innovator/early adopter” stage of adoption and struggle
to fully understand the many products and technologies that make up the Smart
City ecosystem. To address this market need, CIMCON and its partners are in a
strong position to help and to deliver ready-to-go solutions to the Smart City
market.
CIMCON Lighting is focused solely on developing innovative wireless
applications and software for outdoor street and roadway lighting and for enabling
an array of Smart City controls, devices, sensors and applications. We do not make
lights – all our attention is devoted to managing,
 monitoring, metering and in some cases, monetizing the streetlight, other assets
affixed to the streetlight and those assets that are located near the streetlight.
We think of streetlight controls as one of (if not the) primary gateway
application to the Connected City. Our development philosophy, products and
services offerings, future roadmap, technology partners and go-to-market channels
are all pointed squarely in this direction. With the move back to urban areas and
the growth in LED upgrades as background macro

events, CIMCON Lighting has adopted a set of design principles that govern our
product offerings today and drive our technology roadmap for the future in order to
create value for our customers. These are:

Value Today - provide products and services to customers that deliver measurable
value, including lower energy, repairs and maintenance costs, higher quality of
services and ancillary benefits such as reduced crime and higher property values,
and platforms to create connected city applications.
Network Independence – create solutions that work in multiple network
environments.
Modular Approach – protect today’s investments while building “plug & play”
modules that are compatible with existing installations and provide new features
and benefits.
Open Architecture/APIs - enable third-party, “best-in-class” solutions to join the
street lighting network and take advantage of an extensive development
community and wide variety of sensors and other devices, and

Partner Ecosystem – utilize a go-to-market and development strategy that leverages

key partner strengths.
 MODULE- 2
SMART CITIZENS

WEEK OF EXECUTION:2

OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING:

1- To know about important of SMART CITIZENS.

2- To know about how ISMART CITIZENS are connected.

CONTENT OF MODULE:

Citizens are an important aspect of smart city. A city cannot be built smart
until and unless citizens do not participate in the transformation. So, know the role
of citizens in building smart city.

The " smart city " is an umbrella for cities that use information technology to
improve services and provide better quality of life for its citizens. Citizen
participation is often highlighted as an important part of the smart city concept.
Participation can be political – influencing political decision making, but also non-
political where citizens participate to help the city solve its

problems. Most current literature focus on political participation, and the non-
political participation is often neglected.
Smart cities promote the development of economies and enhance the standard of
living. Citizens of a smart city are extremely vital in the implementation process. The
mission needs to be driven by people who are smart regarding law and civic sense.
Citizens must be made aware of the smart services and solutions they will receive
and how it will play a crucial role for them to make proper and efficient use of what
is being offered to them.
To begin with, a smart citizen must be a law-abiding citizen with basic civic sense.
They must obey traffic rules, drive within city speed limits, obey signals by not
jumping them, respecting pedestrians and senior citizens. Concerning parking,
smart citizens must park in designated spots and not at random locations. Hygiene
and cleanliness must be maintained not only at home but also outside. They must
throw garbage, only inside a bin and practice segregation during garbage disposal.
Smart citizens must make conscious use of resources such as water, heat, and
electricity. They must conserve by monitoring the entire family’s daily consumption.
This would also involve a shift in using energy-efficient appliances and switching off
all electric appliances when not in use.
Continuous citizen participation is a must for good governance. More involvement
of the citizens, act as a critical resource for making of policies. Efficient decision
making is possible through the knowledge, experiences, views, and values of the
citizens. All this is now achieved through online government portals. This reduces
and eliminates any conflict of ideologies and makes implementation smoother.
With the help of innovative information and communications technology (ICT)
applications, including smartphones and other smart fixtures are all an

integral part of making smart citizens. Citizens make use of the internet to make
better and smarter informed choices, thereby making a city smarter too.
 MODULE- 3

INFRASTRUCTURE, TECHNONLOGY AND DATA

WEEK OF EXECUTION:3

OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING:

1. Importance of infrastructure, technology and data.

2. Importance of Information Technology in SMART CITY

CONTENT OF MODULE:

‘Infrastructure’ is the term used for the underlying physical and organizational
structures and facilities that support city systems and keep a city functioning.
Infrastructure includes roads, buildings, electricity grids and communication
networks.

In many countries the building of infrastructure is a centralized, government-led

activity that aims to solve one issue at a time, such as a network for water supply.
Future infrastructure designs will gain the additional remit of anticipating long-term,
global phenomena. City infrastructures will need to withstand pressures such as
extra stress on the electricity grid resulting from more homes having solar panel
and increasing incidents of extreme weather resulting from climate change such as
tornadoes and storm surges.

Data is at the heart of all smart infrastructure. A smart system uses a feedback loop
of data that informs decision making. The system can monitor, measure, analyze,
communicate and act, based on data collected from sensors.

Lifetime – infrastructure can be designed to last up to 100 years. If sensors are

embedded into this infrastructure, will their lifetime match that of the infrastructure
itself

EXISTING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS IN SMART CITY

1-Electronic Data Interchange
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) technology has been widely used by firms in
supply chains to facilitate transactions and information exchanges. EDI is defined as
computer to computer exchange of structured data for automatic processing. EDI is
used by supply chain partners to exchange essential information necessary for the
effective running of their businesses. These structural links are usually set up
between organizations that have a long-term trading relationship .

Bar coding and Scanners

Bar codes are widely used throughout the supply chain to identify and track goods
at all stages in the process. Bar codes are a series of different width lines that may
be presented in a horizontal order, called ladder orientation, or a vertical order,
called picket fence orientation. For example, goods received in a warehouse may be
identified by the warehouse management system and added to stock held in the
warehouse. When put away, the bar code is used to associate the storage location
with the bar-coded stock, and on dispatch the stock record is amended. The use of
bar codes can speed up operations significantly. On the other hand, the problems
can occur if bar codes are defaced or the labels fall off in transit. The maintenance
management must be applied for extending the long-life period of this equipment.
Bar code scanners are most visible in the checkout counter of super markets and
hyper markets.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems are Enterprise-wide Information
Systems used for automating all activities and functions of a business. These are
transaction-based information systems that are integrated across the whole
business. Basically, they allow for data capture for the whole business into a single
computer package which gives a single source for all the key information activities
of business, such as inventory, customer orders and financials. Many companies
now view ERP systems from vendors like Baan, SAP and People soft as the core of
their IT infrastructure. ERP systems are enterprise-wide transaction processing tools
which capture the data and reduce the manual activities and task associated with
processing inventory, financial and information regarding customer order. ERP
system gain a high level of integration by utilizing a single data model, developing a
common understanding of what the shared data represents and establishing a set
of rules for accessing data .
Warehouse Management Systems
Warehouse management systems are systems that control all the traditional
activities of warehouse operations. Areas covered usually include receipt of goods,
allocation or recording of storage locations, replenishment of picking locations,
production of picking instructions or lists, order picking, order assembly and stock
rotation. Some systems are used in conjunction with radio frequency (RF)
communication equipment. This equipment can be mounted on fork-lift trucks. The
warehouse management system communicates with the RF system and directs the
activities of the warehouse staff . For example, when picking that it will provide the
tasks for the operative to carry out. Once the task is
 complete the operative updates the system and is directed to the next task. This
has the advantage of updating the stock holding in real time.
Transportation Management Systems
Transportation Management Systems provide more visibility into shipments and
orders. Scheduling issues are also addressed on time. Multiple transportation
options can be explored as a result of earlier visibility into the supply chain. Timely
communication and status reports can also be obtained. By having control on its
supply chain, businesses can make efficient routing decisions. An example of such a
system is developed by Target Corporation and NTE. Initially Target was making
transportation requests manually for inbound shipments. There was limited
visibility for shipments and as a result of this; there were more number of less-
thantruckloads, which was not cost-effective. Implementation of the new system
resulted in target vendors submitting the relevant freight information electronically
with increased speed and efficiency. The new system resulted in improved cost
controls, reduced administrative overheads and better labor planning.
Inventory Management Systems
During the mid to late 1990s, retailers began implementing modern inventory
management systems, made possible by advances in computer and software
technology. The systems work in a circular fashion, from purchase tracking to
inventory monitoring to re-ordering and back around again.
Inventory management systems are the rule for such enterprises, but smaller
vendors and businesses use them, too. The systems ascertain customers always
have enough of what they want and balance that goal against a retailer's financial
need to maintain as little stock as possible. Mismanagement of inventory means
disappointed customers, slower sales and too much cash tied up in warehouses.
Factors like quicker production

cycles, multi-national production contracts, a proliferation of products and the

nature of the big-box store make them a necessity. Modern inventory management
systems must have the ability to track sales and communicate with suppliers in real-
time, available inventory and receive and incorporate other data, such as seasonal
demand. They must be flexible, allowing for a merchant's intuition. And, they must
tell a storeowner how much to purchase and when it's time to reorder.
 MODULE- 4
CHALLENGES FACING BY SMART CITIES
WEEK OF EXECUTION:4

OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING:

1. To know about Challenges faced by smart city.

2. To identify thier opportunities.

CONTENT OF MODULE:

One of the greatest challenges facing smart cities is how to finance them. Smart
infrastructure requires a large volume of investment. Financing can be a huge
challenge due to increasing pressure on city government finances and the fact that
the value proposition – the evidence that smart projects will deliver promised
resource efficiencies and cost savings – is not always clear.

Its aim to identify and address barriers to development and deployment of smart
city technology and infrastructure in areas such as health, energy and mobility.
 Risk plays a critical role in decision making for public and private investors. It is
crucial to understand the nature of risks in smart city projects and how they differ
from traditional infrastructure projects. High upfront costs, unfamiliar risks, smart
city business models that are not fully understood by cities or investors, and new
types of partnership between public and private sectors all need further work.
Around the world, smart city programmes combine IT with internet-connected
devices – from waste management to smart grids – which enhances municipality
management.
The most common smart city projects include smart lighting, intelligent transport
systems and smart utility metering for electricity and water. These technologies and
integrations are based on sensor-centered collection and analysis of data. They offer
cost-effective and innovative solutions to the growing number of challenges faced
by municipalities.
However, despite the countless benefits of smart city projects, many challenges
remain when it comes to deployment, due to unique city requirements and
differing interpretations of deployment concepts. These variations can be
categorized into the following dimensions:
Technology challenges with coverage and capacity.
Digital security.
Legislation and policies.
Lack of confidence or reluctance shown by citizens (lack of clarity around benefits).
Funding and business models.
Interoperability.
Existing infrastructure for energy, water and transportation systems.
As city populations grow and urban sprawl proliferates, issues with economic and
social progress are often magnified. These challenges not only affect a city’s quality
of life, but also put added stress on traditional infrastructure, increasing the need
for energy-efficiency austerity and resource conservation. Smart city technology can
provide city governments with a large infrastructure buffer that helps them endure
and overcome these issues in the future.

Technology innovation is the enabler that improves the possibilities and efficiencies
of each smart city project. Each new technology brings with it an
 immense pool of new possibilities. Since every city has its own culture and
infrastructure and funding policies, technology adoption can vary in diverse ways.
However, that means it is not always possible to rely on other proven smart city
projects to act as a blueprint for success.
One constant across all projects is data traffic. Although replicating projects is a
challenge, data collection and traffic variation among various city pilot projects,
compared to full-scale deployments, varies greatly. In a recent RootMetrics by IHS
Markit test of internet of things (IoT) technologies in Las Vegas, even at a full-scale
phase, the network exhibited significant problems. In fact, certain IoT networks
were unable to provide enough coverage to support even the simplest smart city
applications.
Due to the ever-increasing volume of sensors and their data, robust connectivity
technology is a requirement for success. It is also often limited by a city’s budget.
According to RootMetrics, coverage and reliability across the entire city is the key to
launching any successful smart city programmed.
Digital security is another threat cities face when they try to implement smart city
projects. As personal data gets uploaded into the cloud, it is often shared with
digital devices, which, in turn, share the information among multiple users.
It is therefore vital to safeguard this information from unwanted use. Applying
appropriate digital security measures safeguards the private and proprietary
information of citizens, governments, research partners, universities and digital
infrastructure.
Overcoming challenges with legislation
Important challenges faced by legislators include finding workable policies to
regulate stakeholders, unleashing economic development, maintaining benefits for
the city’s population and permitting growth in research-and-development
investment. Getting participants to share their personal data, and balancing trade-
offs, is also a challenge for many policymakers.
On the one hand, citizens are worried about the privacy of their personal data. The
installation of various IoT sensors and cameras on smart

streetlights can also make them feel like they are constantly being watched by their
city governments.
On the other hand, the data collected by project partners is the core element of
smart projects, which can lead to a dynamic pricing model that balances the
investment cost and provides revenue that helps maintain business operations?

In addition to these privacy challenges, securing funding to start a project, and

ensuring there are sufficient resources to sustain the project over time, remain the
most difficult challenges for smart cities. Public-private partnerships are one of the
more popular investment types used to manage these financial challenges.
Aligning multiple city departments and stakeholders on common ground, and
allowing interoperability and the sharing of data among them, helps in the
allocation of the initial financial investment because, before implementing smart
city initiatives, government departments and private partners have been working in
their own silos.

This silo mindset is one of the main problems governments and system integrators
must overcome. A change in management style, which introduces open
collaboration and data sharing among municipal bodies can help reduce the
financial blockade, allowing smart cities to achieve their goals.
Lawmakers in every region of the world are aware of the interoperability and
funding challenges faced by smart cities, so they are trying to formulate common
interest among project partners. Legislation can help local

governments implement smart city technologies and overcome the various

challenges they face.
For example, the Smart Cities and Communities Act was in the US Congress in
February 2017. Although it has not received final Senate approval, the focuses on
coordinating activities and funding from federal agencies among various smart
cities-related municipal departments, by establishing an inter-agency council.
Making citizens smarter – the power of education
Education is a further way that smart cities can relieve apprehension among
citizens. By making technology education programmes readily available, city
governments can communicate the intrinsic benefits of these projects more easily.
Not all cities selected for the smart cities mission are at the same level of
development. Some already have the necessary infrastructure and service and
investment models.
The smart city concept is relatively new, which is why it poses so many challenges.
However, cities such as Singapore, Dubai, London and New York are among those
that have moved forward with supporting policies, stronger digital and cyber
security, improved connectivity and better education.
There are currently more than 450 cities that have adopted at least one smart city
project, and project partners such as IBM, Cisco, Nokia and Huawei have their
platforms and are providing end-to-end solutions for the abovementioned
challenges.

These partnerships demonstrate the growing readiness of city authorities and the
project partners to work together to develop smart projects. Similarly, we can
expect to see faster growth in other cities in the years to come.
 MODULE- 5

SMART LEADERSHIP AND STRATEGY

WEEK OF EXECUTION:5
OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING:

1. To understand the importance of smart leadership and strategy.

2. Why the leadership and strategies Matters to the smart cities.

CONTENT OF MODULE:

Although shiny new technology can connect us and deliver data, without smart
leadership, the prospects of smart cities are greatly diminished. Smart leadership is
the kind of leadership that can deal with the complexities of the ecosystem and the
culture, in addition to being able to synchronize inputs and outputs in the smart city
space to produce socio-economic benefits for all.

Smart leadership facilitates collaboration, uses strategic thinking, practices foresight

activities, builds alliances and partnerships, gets out of the office and into the
trenches where things are not cozy, welcomes and integrates diversity of thought,
and is, foremost, a servant.

The main value of a strategy is in bringing together partners to create a shared

vision. They will come to an understanding of where a city is today, their aims for
the future, their plans for how they will get there and where they will need to invest
resources. As soon as a strategy is written it will go out of date because cities and
technology are changing all the time. But if a strategy is flexible it can be a useful
framework for measuring and reviewing a city’s progression towards becoming
smarter. Having a strategy and
leadership in place can also maximize potential and help to draw in funding and
other forms of investment

Three areas of smart leadership

Smart leadership development skills begin in three key areas: servant leadership;
the balance between innovation and sustainability; and strategic thinking and
foresight. These three leadership development areas are important because they
help manage complexity. For instance, research done by Rd. Y.K. Tong at the
University of Singapore named enabling, sense-making, and facilitating shared
leadership as behaviours as central to managing complexity.

Why servant leadership? The highest priority of the servant leader is to attend to
the needs of the organisation and the needs of its people.

Research on the characteristics of servant leaders highlights that servant leaders

not only put followers first, but they share control with followers and embrace their
growth. These leadership skills are needed in smart cities where the success and
sustainability of initiatives will depend on power-sharing among a diverse set of
stakeholders.

Why striking a balance between innovation and sustainability? In a smart city, these
two roles can seem at odds, but they are necessary. In the famous works of Rd.
Cameron and Rd. Quinn, the tendency for innovation is required for a flexible, non-
hierarchical culture. This is the environment for continuous improvement, finding
creative solutions, and anticipating needs.

On the other hand, cities need stability to sustain gains. Cities can achieve control
and efficiency with good processes, which are necessary to sustain the coordination
of resources to serve citizens.

Why strategic thinking and foresight? Strategic thinking is about the ability to
understand the current business condition and link it to the conditions that caused
it. This helps with managing complexity. Additionally, foresight allows smart leaders
to understand the possible combinations of effects that could result from a set of
actions. The practice of environmental scanning to understand trends and the use
of scenario planning to imagine the future and test a set of strategies are common
and very insightful methods. These develop smart leadership.
Do the work

Leadership development occurs by doing the work. And there is work for everyone.
Smart cities are complex entities. Their ecosystem is complex, and the culture must
strike a balance between innovation and sustainability.

Smart cities will not succeed without developing smart leadership. The focus should
be on developing leadership skills across networked teams. These teams should be
given assignments that allow them to use their collaboration skills, strategic
thinking, foresight tools, and the lessons learned from the feedback of those
citizens they serve.

Developing the leadership across the teams will grow the city’s power to effectively
manage complexity and promote prosperity for all.
 MODULE- 6

Smart city learning and education

WEEK OF EXECUTION:6

OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING:

1. Importance of smart city learning and education.

2. To understand why learning and education benefits in making smart

city a better place.

CONTENT OF MODULE:

Smart cities are creating a system of learning through city-to-city exchange

networks where they share ideas and experiences with their peers
Digital technologies have not only transformed our lives, but they are radically
changing education and the way we learn. There is a move towards open education
approaches facilitated by technology; examples are MOOCs (massive open online
courses), crowd learning where the knowledge and expertise of many people is
crowdsourced, and maker culture where learning happens through making. Open
data, open source and open innovation are also changing the way organizations
collaborate and learn.
The new-age schools and education system in Smart Cities would possess software-
mediated, highly coded, and data-driven infrastructure, where students would learn
through digital media. Under such educational and learning programs, the students
would decode real time solutions. Students would also be able to receive learning
beyond classroom knowledge and know the world better.

SMART LEARNING TOOLS

1. IoT, Big Data & AI
The Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses the use of sensors, technology and
networking to allow buildings, infrastructures, devices and additional ‘things’ to
share supply chain information without requiring human interaction. It creates
richer data and deeper intelligence for all parties in a supply network.
The potential of Big Data can only be exploited by removing human involvement
from the decision-making process and this is where Artificial Intelligence (AI)
becomes critical.
2. 3D Printing
3D Printing has the potential to transform supply chains by rebalancing the trade-
off between low-cost labour forces, inventory holding and transportation costs.
Upstream supply chains will be localized as production previously out-sourced to
tiered suppliers is brought back in-house.

3. Robotics & Automation

Demand and supply-side trends, such as diminishing labour forces and the rising
importance of e-commerce logistics, are driving the widespread adoption of
robotics and automation in the warehouse. Although increasing logistics efficiency,
there are potential social repercussions due to the threat of the loss of many
millions of logistics jobs.
4. Blockchain
The Blockchain is a permanent digital record of transactions that are stored across a
decentralised network of computers. It has benefits in many parts of the sector
such as cost-saving (paperless transactions); data verification; asset tracking; ‘smart
contracts’; accountability and compliance.
5. Digital Logistics Marketplaces
Numerous new technology platforms have already entered the road freight,
forwarding and warehouse markets with the potential to address the mismatch
between supply and demand, eventually leading to better-utilized assets and
improved rates for shippers.
6. On-Demand & Crowd-Shipping
Developed as a way of enabling small food outlets and retailers to provide a home
delivery service, on-demand technologies have the potential to be leveraged by
other sectors in the last mile delivery market. Crowd-shipping, meanwhile, involving
ordinary individuals delivering parcels during an existing journey could create a
major new source of capacity in the market.

7. Autonomous Vehicles
The phenomenon of autonomous driving has the potential to revolutionize the
global logistics industry.  With technology giants such as Google and vehicle
manufacturers such as Mercedes Benz investing heavily in the concept, it is only a
matter of time before autonomous trucks are seen on roads around the world.

8. Alternative Fuels
The regulation of diesel engines will mean that electricity, hydrogen cells and
natural gas will power a much larger proportion of trucks and vans in the coming
years. However, despite a wide range of alternatives, no single form of fuel or
technology will be able to replace diesel across the board.
 LEARNING OUTCOME:

1. To determine which factors, influence infrastructure, technology and data in

SMART CITIES.

2. To understand how LEARNING AND EDUCATION important for making smart city

innovative.

3. Importance of smart citizens.

4. Roles of Information Technology in SMART CITY

PROBLEMS FACED during Learning:

1- Hard to understand few videos to different accent.

2- Network connectivity

3- Slow feedback

4- Difficult to understand sometimes due to high level of words used in the

course.

POSSIBLE REMEDIES:
1. Easy interface should be updated so that it will be easy to read.

2. Availability of caption and translation.

3. Higher Quality of images and videos.

4. Student support chat could be used.

FUTURE SCOPE

 Technology has played a critical role in the evolution of smart city.

 SMART CITY will include every industry in future:

 Aerospace & Defense Electronics Retail

 Automotive Manufacturing IT

 Consumer Goods Electronics Construction

 HealthCare Oil & Gas Consulting