FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS

STEEL SKELETON

DESIGN CRITERIA

FEBRUARY 2022

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
S.A. R.C.
CONSULTANT :

1 GENERAL

This report includes a description of the Structural Concept of the fire escape stairs in al Room Hospital, the design parameters as well as the methodology
adopted in the structural design.

2 CODES

The Codes followed in the Structural Design of the Project at hand with no violation for the UBC-1997 and LIBNOR norms NL 137 second edition 2013 are as
follow:

- Dead and Live Loads

According to UBC-1997.

- Wind Loads
According to UBC-1997 and LIBNOR norms NL 137 second edition 2013.

- Seismic Loads
According to UBC-1997 and LIBNOR norms NL 135 second edition 2013.

- Steel members Design

According to LRFD2000.

3 MATERIALS
Structural Steel
- Grade S235.
- Bolts grade 4.8 or 8.8 as per design requirements.

4 Global Concept

The proposed structure has to resist gravity forces as well as lateral forces (wind and earthquake).

5 MODELLING

The structures are modelled using finite element analysis software Autodesk Robot. It is a 3-dimensional model incorporating the stairs steel skeletons, façade
geometry and load, and all loading requirements, including wind effects, live loads and superimposed dead loads. The elements that make up the model are
summarized below:

Bars

These are modelled as 1D bar elements along their centerline. They represent the bars forming the beams and columns. The bars sections are determined
to resist the strength design combinations according to UBC 1997. These combinations are presented in Appendix 2B.

Claddings

These are to be modelled as 2D cladding elements with no structural properties. They are modelled to allow wind load distribution along the facades to the
steel skeleton.

Base Constraints

The constraint at the bottom of the vertical elements is represented as a pinned support.

Analysis of Results:

The above models will be used for the design of all bars forming the structure. They will also be used to assess the moments and shear forces due to wind
forces on the structure and its distribution through the elements.

6 LATERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

6.1 Wind Analysis

This paragraph summarizes the design parameters and standards according to which the wind pressures on the structures have been assessed:

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
S.A. R.C.
CONSULTANT :

Wind load is calculated following the UBC1997 code:

Following Method 2 (projected area method) for primary frames and systems.

P = Ce Cq qs Iw

Ce = 0.84 (Exposure B, Height above adjoining ground = 25 feet)

Cq = 1.3 horizontal any direction on vertical projected area, 0.7 upward on horizontal projected area, 1.2 upward on horizontal projected area
at the top story (1.2=0.7+0.5)

qs = 89 Kg/m2 (136.8 Km/h => 85mph => 18.6psf => 0.89 kN/m2) (see LIBNOR norms NL 137 second edition 2013 paragraph 3.1*)

Iw = 1 (importance factor)

Ph = 98 Kg/m2

Pv = 53 Kg/m2

P (top story) = 90 Kg/m2

* LIBNOR norms NL 137 second edition 2013 paragraph 3.1:

6.2 Seismic Analysis

This paragraph summarizes the design parameters and standards according to which the seismic loads on the structures have been assessed:

Seismic load is calculated following the UBC1997 code:

Base shear calculation:

Cv :

Considering SE as soil profile type

 Cv = 0.74

I=1

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
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R = 4.5 (Moment-resisting frame system / Ordinary moment-resisting frame / Steel)

T (Method A) = Ct (hn)3/4

Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frames

hn = 10.5m (stair case height)

 T = 0.4975s

W = 193.6 KN as total load at base with the combination : 1.0 DL + 0.2 LL

 V (30-4) = 64 KN
 V (30-5) = 37.7 KN
 V (30-6) = 7.46 KN
 V (considered) = 37.7 KN

T (Method B) = 0.18s

T (Method A) x 40% = 0.4975 x 40% = 0.196 > 0.18 => Ft = 0

Base shear value will be divided on the 7 stories considered as follows:

Total area of the 7 stories = 53.19m2

193.6 KN / 53.19m2 = 3.64 KN/m2

Formula 30-15

Story 1 : Area = 5.8 m2 => 21.1 KN

Story 2 : Area = 6.45 m2 => 23.47 KN

Story 3 : Area = 13.93 m2 => 50.7 KN

Story 4 : Area = 6.02 m2 => 21.91 KN

Story 5 : Area = 8.06 m2 => 29.34 KN

Story 6 : Area = 7.53 m2 => 27.41 KN

Story 7 : Area = 5.4 m2 => 19.65 KN

= 21.1x0.94 + 23.47x1.82 + 50.7x3.07 + 21.91x3.92 + 29.34x5.14 + 27.41x7.09 + 19.65x9.14 = 828.8

F1 = 0.902 KN

F2 = 1.943 KN

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
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F3 = 7.08 KN

F4 = 3.906 KN

F5 = 6.86 KN

F6 = 8.84 KN

F7 = 8.17 KN

7 Steel Bar Design

The steel bars forming the columns, beams and trusses are designed on Autodesk Robot steel member design, taking into account:
• Ultimate combinations including dead loads, live loads and wind loads. Combinations are presented as following:

• The bars are checked for slenderness and stress (ratio <1)

8 Loads applied on the stairs

Dead Loads

1- Self-weight of the steel elements…………………………………………………….………calculated automatically by robot

2- Steel checkered plate weight………………………………………………………………………………………………………….32kg/m².
3- Aluminum (Expanded sheet/louvers) + steel substructure ……………………………….……………………….…..25kg/m²
4- Oxygen tank + 200x200cm concrete pad (2000kg oxygen tank + 500kg/m2concrete pad)…………..1000kg/m2

Live Loads

1- Live load on stairs …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………350kg/m²

2- Live load on balustrade (nodal horizontal load each 1 lm + resulting moment) …………………………… 90kg

Wind Loads

1- Wind load direction Y- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….98kg/m²

2- Wind load direction X+ …………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….98kg/m²
3- Wind load direction X- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….98kg/m²
4- Wind load direction Z+ ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….53kg/m²
5- Wind load direction Z- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….53kg/m²
6- Wind load direction Z+ on top story only……………………………………………………………………………………….90kg/m2

Seismic Loads

1- Wind load direction Y+ distributed as mentioned in paragraph 6.2

2- Wind load direction X+ distributed as mentioned in paragraph 6.2

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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CONSULTANT :

VIEW 1

VIEW 2

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
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VIEW 3

DL : EXPANDED SHEETS AND LOUVERS LOAD

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
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DL : CHECKERED PLATE LOAD

DL : OXYGEN TANK AND CONCRETE PAD LOAD

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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CONSULTANT :

SESIMIC LOAD X+

SESIMIC LOAD Y+

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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LIVE LOADS VIEW 1

LIVE LOADS VIEW 2

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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LIVE LOADS VIEW 3

WIND X+

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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WIND X-

WIND Z+

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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WIND Z+ (wx+)

WIND Z+ (wx-)

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
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Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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WIND Z+ (wy-)

WIND Z- (wx-)

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
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WIND Z+ at top story

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
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Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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WIND Y-

LOADS TABLE

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
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Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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COMBINATIONS

DEFLECTIONS UNDER LIVE LOAD ONLY

Bar 179 lg=3.85m

Allowable deflection = 385cm/360 = 1.06cm > 0.5cm => ok

DEFLECTION UNDER DEAD LOAD + LIVE LOAD

Bar 179 lg=3.85m

Allowable deflection = 385cm/240 = 1.60cm > 0.5cm => ok

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
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DISPLACEMENT UNDER LIVE LOAD ONLY

Maximum horizontal displacement = 3mm

DISPLACEMENT UNDER LIVE LOAD + DEAD LOAD

Maximum horizontal displacement = 3mm

Weld verification for all welded connections

FEXX = 70ksi

Fw = 42ksi

w = weld thickness = 5/16’’ =8mm

Maximum computed forces in Tubes 200x200mm connections:

Node 11 is the most critical node in tubes 200x200 connections with:

Maximum moment = 15.75 kNm

Maximum Fx = 6.73 kN

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
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Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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Tension/compression due to moment MY = 15.75 / 0.2 = 78.75 KN

Maximum tension in upper part of the tube (20cm width) = 78.75 KN + 6.73/2 KN = 82.1 KN

L1 = 20cm (length of weld in case of Tubes 200x200mm connection)

ΦRn 1 = 0.75(0.707 x (5/16) x (20/2.54) x 42) = 54.6 Klb = 242 KN >> 82.1 KN => OK

Maximum computed forces in Tubes 120x60mm connections:

Node 40 is the most critical node in tubes 120x60 connections with:

Maximum moment = 7.43 kNm

Maximum Fx = 7.31 kN

Tension/compression due to moment MY = 6.48 / 0.12 = 61.9 KN

Maximum tension in upper part of the tube (6cm width) = 53.75 KN + 7.31/2 KN = 65.57 KN

L1 = 6cm (length of weld in case of Tubes 120x60mm connection)

ΦRn 1 = 0.75(0.707 x (5/16) x (6/2.54) x 42) = 16.43 Klb = 73.13 KN > 65.57 KN => OK

Maximum computed forces in Tubes 50x50mm connections:

Node 374 is the most critical node in tubes 50x50 connections with:

Maximum moment = 0.74 kNm

Maximum Fx = 0.83 kN

Tension/compression due to moment MY = 0.74 / 0.05 = 14.8 KN

Maximum tension in upper part of the tube (5cm width) = 14.8 KN + 0.83/2 KN = 15.22 KN

L1 = 5cm (length of weld in case of Tubes 50x50mm connection)

ΦRn 1 = 0.75(0.707 x (5/16) x (5/2.54) x 42) = 13.69 Klb = 60.9 KN > 15.22 KN => OK

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 PROJECT: ROUM Hospital Project N Date
/ Fire escape stairs - Steel Structure Design criteria 16/02/2022
Client: DESIGNED: CHECKED:
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Anchorage verification:

Maximum pressure:
Combination Case 21 (pinned support Node 37) :
Rz = 9750Kg
Ry = 960Kg

Maximum uplift:
Combination Load Case 21 (pinned support Node 37) :
Ry = - 2130Kg

a- Bolts Design
𝐹𝑣 2130
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛/𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 = = = 533𝐾𝑔
𝑛(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠) 4
𝐹𝑥
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟/𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 at top of plate = = 240𝐾𝑔
𝑛(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠)

• Tension
An embedded rod (dia.) having a direct part embedded length l1 in concrete finished by a circular plate (radius r), can support an
allowable up-lift equal to:

7gc l 2g c 2 r
N = 0.1(1 + ) + r (1 − ) if d1 l
1000  100 d1
(1 + )2
d1

 = 20mm, gc=250Kg/cm2, r=50mm, d1=100mm, l=250mm

N = 7205 Kg

 Nadmissible = 7205Kg >> 533kg. => OK

• Shear
S admissible = 3.14(22)/4 x 2400 Kg/cm2 x 0.6 = 4520 Kg << 240 Kg => OK

Base plate thickness design

The design is done according to submitted drawing detail and to following reactions:
Combination Load 21, Node 37:
Rx = 938Kg
Ry = 17Kg
Rz = 10364Kg

Plate Design
The plate is designed for pressure
P = (P / NxB) = 10364 (33cmx33cm) = 9.52 Kg/cm2

For a width of 1cm, p1=10Kg/cm

The maximum bending moment is at the side of support, similar to a cantilevered beam of 13cm span.

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 M = p x l2 / 2 = 10 x 132 / 2 = 845 kg.cm/1cm
The required thickness of plate will be equal to:

M 6 361 6
tp = = = 1.1cm
Fb  b 1790  1cm

tp = √ ( (Mx6) / (Fb x b) ) = √ ( (845x6) / ( 1790 x 1) = 1.68cm

tp=20mm

REACTIONS ON GROUND ANNEX 1

MEMBERS VERIFICATION ANNEX 2

MATERIAL SUBMITTAL (MILL TESTS) ANNEX 3

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