Set 61 - Chapter 1

Set 61 - Page 1 Compiled by Mr.
lelon 012-6556593
2
1 (a) Define acceleration.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for the journey of a cyclist.
350
300
distance / m
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(i) Describe the motion of the cyclist in the time between:
1. time = 0 and time = 15 s
...........................................................................................................................................
2. time = 15 s and time = 30 s
...........................................................................................................................................
3. time = 30 s and time = 40 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) Calculate, for the 40 s journey:
1. the average speed
average speed = ......................................................... [2]
2. the maximum speed.
maximum speed = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
Set 61 - Page 2 Compiled by Mr. lelon 012-6556593
3
2 (a) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a wind turbine as a source of electrical
energy.
advantage .................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a wind turbine.
wind speed
16 m / s
area swept out by

the turbine blades
Fig. 2.1
(i) The wind blows at a speed of 16 m / s towards the turbine blades. In one second, a
volume of 24 000 m3 of air passes through the circular area swept out by the blades. The
density of air is 1.3 kg / m3.
Calculate:
1. the mass of air that passes through the circular area swept out by the blades in 1.0 s
mass = ......................................................... [2]
2. the kinetic energy of the mass of air that passes through the area swept out by the
blades.
kinetic energy = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) Suggest why some of the kinetic energy of the air that passes through the circular area
swept out by the blades is not converted into electrical energy.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over
12
Section B
Answer two questions from this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a parachutist falling vertically towards the ground.
200 N
600 N
Fig. 9.1
The mass of the parachutist is 60 kg and his weight is 600 N.
(a) State what is meant by:
(i) mass
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) weight.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the parachutist when the air resistance is 200 N.
acceleration = ......................................................... [3]
(c) The parachutist falls from rest at time t = 0.
He accelerates non-uniformly until he reaches a terminal velocity of 44 m / s at t = 30 s.
At t = 40 s the parachute opens. He decelerates for 4.0 s, reaching a smaller terminal velocity
of 5.0 m / s.
He then falls at this speed until he lands on the ground at t = 200 s.
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13
(i) On Fig. 9.2, draw the speed–time graph for the parachutist.
50
speed
m/s 40
30
20
10
0
0 40 80 120 160 200
t /s
Fig. 9.2
[4]
(ii) Calculate the average deceleration of the parachutist between t = 40 s and t = 44 s.
deceleration = ......................................................... [2]
(d) Explain, in terms of the forces involved, why:
(i) the parachutist reaches a terminal velocity at t = 30 s
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the parachutist decelerates when the parachute opens
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) the second terminal velocity, when the parachute is open, is smaller than the first.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 15]
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5
4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a mercury barometer. The tube containing the mercury is vertical.
mercury
Fig. 4.1
(i) The height h indicates a value of the atmospheric pressure.
State what is contained in the space labelled S.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) On a particular day the atmospheric pressure is 1.02 × 105 Pa. The density of mercury
is 13 600 kg / m3.
Calculate the value of h indicated by the barometer.
h = ......................................................... [2]
(iii) The tube containing mercury is now tilted so that it makes an angle of 10° with the
vertical. After tilting, there continues to be a space above the mercury in the tube.
State and explain whether the vertical height of mercury in the tube is smaller, the same,
or greater than the value calculated in (a)(ii).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Another mercury barometer in the same room at the same time shows a lower value of h than
the barometer in (a).
Suggest and explain a reason for the lower value.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19 [Turn over
4
3 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed.
State three ways in which a force may change the motion of the object.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows an object suspended from two ropes. The weight of the object is 360 N. The
magnitude of the tension in each rope is T.
T T
45° 45°
object
360 N
Fig. 3.1
In the space below, determine the tension T by drawing a vector diagram of the forces acting
on the object.
State the scale you have used.
scale ...............................................................
T = ...............................................................
[5]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
2
1 A rocket is stationary on the launchpad. At time t = 0, the rocket engines are switched on and
exhaust gases are ejected from the nozzles of the engines. The rocket accelerates upwards.
Fig. 1.1 shows how the acceleration of the rocket varies between time t = 0 and time t = tf.
acceleration
0
0 tf
time t
Fig. 1.1
(a) Define acceleration.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) On Fig. 1.2, sketch a graph to show how the speed of the rocket varies between time t = 0
and time t = tf.
speed
0
0 tf
time t
Fig. 1.2
[3]
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3
(c) Some time later, the rocket is far from the Earth. The effect of the Earth’s gravity on the
motion of the rocket is insignificant. As the rocket accelerates, its momentum increases.
(i) State the principle of the conservation of momentum.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain how the principle of the conservation of momentum applies to the accelerating
rocket and the exhaust gases.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a sign that extends over a road.
support post
ACCIDENT
SLOW DOWN
sign
1.8 m
concrete
block W
1.3 m
P
70 cm
Fig. 2.1
The mass of the sign is 3.4 × 103 kg.
(a) Calculate the weight W of the sign.
W = ......................................................... [2]
(b) The weight of the sign acts at a horizontal distance of 1.8 m from the centre of the support
post and it produces a turning effect about point P.
Point P is a horizontal distance of 1.3 m from the centre of the support post.
(i) Calculate the moment about P due to the weight of the sign.
moment = ......................................................... [3]
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5
(ii) A concrete block is positioned on the other side of the support post with its centre of
mass a horizontal distance of 70 cm from the centre of the support post.
1. State what is meant by centre of mass.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
2. The weight of the concrete block produces a moment about point P that exactly
cancels the moment caused by the weight W.
Calculate the weight of the concrete block.
weight = ......................................................... [2]
(c) The concrete block is removed. The sign and support post rotate about point P in a clockwise
direction.
State and explain what happens to the moment about point P due to the weight of the sign as
it rotates.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 10]

6
3 A student suspends a spring from a support. He attaches different loads to the lower end of the
spring. For each load attached, he measures the extension of the spring.
Fig. 3.1 shows the extension–load graph obtained.
6.0
5.0
extension / cm
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
load / N
Fig. 3.1
(a) The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the load.
State the two features of the graph that show this.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Describe how the student can show that the spring reaches its limit of proportionality at 8.0 N.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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7
(c) The spring is used in a simple device known as an accelerometer, shown in Fig. 3.2.
5.0 kg
spring
mass
direction of the
smooth acceleration
surface
Fig. 3.2
The spring is fixed at one end and attached to a mass of 5.0 kg at the other end.
The mass rests on a smooth, horizontal surface. There is no friction between the mass and
the surface.
The whole device is placed in a car.
The car accelerates and the student notices that the extension of the spring is 3.0 cm.
Using Fig. 3.1, calculate the acceleration of the car.
acceleration = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]

4
2 A student performs an experiment to mark the centre of mass C on a thin piece of card. There are
two holes in the card.
Fig. 2.1 shows the card and two lines that the student draws on the card.
key
= hole
C = centre of mass
C
Fig. 2.1
(a) Describe a method used to draw these two lines in their correct positions on the card.
Make clear what extra apparatus is needed. You may draw a diagram, if you wish.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
© UCLES 2020 5054/21/M/J/20

5
(b) The student holds the card loosely between her fingers. The card is vertical, resting with its
lower edge on a bench as shown in Fig. 2.2.
Fig. 2.2
The card is tilted slightly, as shown in Fig. 2.3, and then released.
C
anticlockwise clockwise
Fig. 2.3
When angle θ is small, the card falls clockwise, back to the position shown in Fig. 2.2.
(i) Explain why the card falls anticlockwise when θ is large.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) State one change to the card that makes it more stable.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

6
3 A cube of side 0.040 m is floating in a container of liquid. Fig. 3.1 shows that the surface of the
liquid is 0.028 m above the level of the bottom face of the cube.
air
cube 0.040 m
liquid
0.028 m
valve
pump
Fig. 3.1
The pressure of the air above the cube exerts a force on the top face of the cube. The valve is
closed.
(a) Explain, in terms of air molecules, how the force due to the pressure of the air is produced.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) The density of the liquid in the container is 1500 kg / m3.
Calculate:
(i) the pressure due to the liquid at a depth of 0.028 m
pressure = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) the force on the bottom face of the cube caused by the pressure due to the liquid.
force = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2019 0625/41/M/J/19

7
(c) The valve is opened and liquid is pumped into the container. The surface of the liquid rises a
distance of 0.034 m.
The cube remains floating in the liquid with its bottom face 0.028 m below the surface of the
liquid.
(i) Calculate the work done on the cube by the force in (b)(ii).
work done = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) Suggest one reason why this is not an efficient method of lifting up the cube.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]

2
1 An aeroplane of mass 2.5 × 105 kg lands with a speed of 62 m / s, on a horizontal runway at time
t = 0. The aeroplane decelerates uniformly as it travels along the runway in a straight line until it
reaches a speed of 6.0 m / s at t = 35 s.
(a) Calculate:
(i) the deceleration of the aeroplane in the 35 s after it lands
deceleration = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) the resultant force acting on the aeroplane as it decelerates
force = ......................................................... [2]
(iii) the momentum of the aeroplane when its speed is 6.0 m / s.
momentum = ......................................................... [2]
(b) At t = 35 s, the aeroplane stops decelerating and moves along the runway at a constant speed
of 6.0 m / s for a further 15 s.
On Fig. 1.1, sketch the shape of the graph for the distance travelled by the aeroplane along
the runway between t = 0 and t = 50 s. You are not required to calculate distance values.
distance
0
0 35 50
time / s
Fig. 1.1
[3]
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3
(c) As the aeroplane decelerates, its kinetic energy decreases.
Suggest what happens to this energy.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 10]

4
2 Fig. 2.1 is the extension–load graph for a light spring S.
30
extension / cm
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
load / N
Fig. 2.1
(a) State the range of loads for which S obeys Hooke’s law.
from ....................................................... to .......................................................... [1]
(b) Using information from Fig. 2.1, determine the spring constant k of spring S.
k = ......................................................... [2]
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5
(c) A second spring, identical to spring S, is attached to spring S. The two springs are attached
to a rod, as shown in Fig. 2.2. A load of 4.0 N is suspended from the bottom of spring S. The
arrangement is in equilibrium.
rod
second spring
spring S
4.0 N load
Fig. 2.2
(i) State the name of the form of energy stored in the two springs when they are stretched.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Determine the extension of the arrangement in Fig. 2.2.
extension = ................................................... cm [1]
(iii) The load is carefully increased to 6.0 N in total.
Calculate the distance moved by the load to the new equilibrium position as the load
increases from 4.0 N to 6.0 N.
distance moved = ......................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

6
3 Fig. 3.1 shows gas trapped in the sealed end of a tube by a dense liquid.
open end
sealed
trapped gas end
cm3
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
dense liquid
Fig. 3.1
The scale marked on the sealed end of the tube is calibrated to read the volume of gas trapped
above the liquid surface. Fig. 3.1 shows that initially the volume V1 of the gas is 60 cm3.
The pressure of the atmosphere is 1.0 × 105 Pa.
(a) State how Fig. 3.1 shows that the pressure of the trapped gas is equal to the pressure of the
atmosphere.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Explain, in terms of the momentum of its molecules, why the trapped gas exerts a pressure
on the walls of the tube.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
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7
(c) More of the dense liquid is poured into the open end of the tube. The level of the liquid surface
in both the sealed and the open ends of the tube rises as shown in Fig. 3.2. The temperature
of the trapped gas and atmospheric pressure both remain constant.
open end
15 cm
sealed
trapped gas end
cm3
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
dense liquid
Fig. 3.2
(i) In the sealed end of the tube, the volume V2 of the trapped gas is 50 cm3. In the open
end of the tube, the liquid surface is 15 cm above the new level in the sealed tube.
Calculate the pressure p2 of the trapped gas.
pressure p2 = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) Calculate the density of the liquid in the tube.
density = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

2
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
1 Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for a journey made by a cyclist between town A and town B.
60
50
distance / km
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
t / hours
Fig. 1.1
The cyclist leaves town A at time t = 0 and arrives at town B at t = 4.0 hours.
(a) (i) Determine the distance between the two towns.
distance = ......................................................... [1]
(ii) Determine the time for which the cyclist rests during the journey, before he reaches
town B.
time = ......................................................... [1]
(b) The speed of the cyclist near the end of the journey is greater than the speed at the beginning.
State how the graph shows this.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Calculate the average speed of the cyclist for the journey from A to B.
average speed = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2019 5054/21/M/J/19
4
3 A large spring is stretched by an athlete to increase the strength of his arms.
The athlete extends the spring, as shown in Fig. 3.1, and then releases it gently. He extends and
releases the spring several times during a period of 60 s.
Fig. 3.1
(a) State the form of energy stored in the stretched spring and the form of energy stored in the
muscles of the athlete.
form of energy in spring ............................................................................................................
form of energy in muscles ........................................................................................................

[2]
(b) Suggest what happens if he extends the spring beyond the limit of proportionality.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) During one extension of the spring, its length increases from 70 cm to 93 cm. The average
force exerted by the athlete is 400 N.
(i) Calculate the work done by the athlete in one extension.
work done = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) Describe how the athlete can use the value obtained in (i) to determine his average
power during the 60 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 5054/21/M/J/19

3
Section A
Answer all the questions in this section. Answer in the spaces provided.
1 Fig. 1.1 shows the thinking distance and the braking distance for a car being driven along a dry
road and along a wet road at the same speed.
thinking distance braking distance
dry road 18 m 43 m
wet road 18 m 60 m
Fig. 1.1
(a) Calculate the total stopping distance for the car on the wet road.
distance = ......................................................... [1]
(b) Complete the sentence.
The thinking distance is the distance travelled between seeing a hazard and .........................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) (i) Suggest why the thinking distance is the same on both roads.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain why the braking distance is larger when the road is wet.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]

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Set 61 - Page 1 Compiled by Mr.

1 (a) Define acceleration.

(i) Describe the motion of the cyclist in the time between:

1. time = 0 and time = 15 s

2. time = 15 s and time = 30 s

3. time = 30 s and time = 40 s.

(ii) Calculate, for the 40 s journey:

1. the average speed

average speed = ......................................................... [2]

2. the maximum speed.

maximum speed = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a wind turbine.

area swept out by

mass = ......................................................... [2]

kinetic energy = ......................................................... [2]

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a parachutist falling vertically towards the ground.

The mass of the parachutist is 60 kg and his weight is 600 N.

(a) State what is meant by:

acceleration = ......................................................... [3]

(c) The parachutist falls from rest at time t = 0.

He accelerates non-uniformly until he reaches a terminal velocity of 44 m / s at t = 30 s.

He then falls at this speed until he lands on the ground at t = 200 s.

© UCLES 2019 5054/21/M/J/19

(ii) Calculate the average deceleration of the parachutist between t = 40 s and t = 44 s.

deceleration = ......................................................... [2]

(d) Explain, in terms of the forces involved, why:

(i) the parachutist reaches a terminal velocity at t = 30 s

(ii) the parachutist decelerates when the parachute opens

© UCLES 2019 5054/21/M/J/19 [Turn over

(i) The height h indicates a value of the atmospheric pressure.

State what is contained in the space labelled S.

Calculate the value of h indicated by the barometer.

Suggest and explain a reason for the lower value.

3 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed.

State the scale you have used.

(a) Define acceleration.

© UCLES 2019 0625/41/M/J/19

(i) State the principle of the conservation of momentum.

© UCLES 2019 0625/41/M/J/19 [Turn over

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a sign that extends over a road.

The mass of the sign is 3.4 × 103 kg.

(a) Calculate the weight W of the sign.

moment = ......................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2019 0625/41/M/J/19

1. State what is meant by centre of mass.

Calculate the weight of the concrete block.

weight = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2019 0625/41/M/J/19 [Turn over

Fig. 3.1 shows the extension–load graph obtained.

(a) The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the load.

State the two features of the graph that show this.

© UCLES 2020 5054/21/M/J/20

The whole device is placed in a car.

Using Fig. 3.1, calculate the acceleration of the car.

acceleration = ......................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2020 5054/21/M/J/20 [Turn over

© UCLES 2020 5054/21/M/J/20

(i) Explain why the card falls anticlockwise when θ is large.

© UCLES 2020 5054/21/M/J/20 [Turn over

(b) The density of the liquid in the container is 1500 kg / m3.