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Impulse and Momentum

The document defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It provides the momentum formula p=mv and examples of converting between units of velocity. Impulse is defined as the product of force and time. The impulse-momentum theorem states that a large impulse creates a great change in momentum of a body, represented by the formula I=mvf - mvi. Sample problems demonstrate calculating momentum, force from a change in momentum over time, and impulse from an applied force and time. Practice problems are provided to calculate momentum, velocity from momentum, force from a change in momentum, and force needed to stop an object.

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131 views22 pages

Impulse and Momentum

The document defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It provides the momentum formula p=mv and examples of converting between units of velocity. Impulse is defined as the product of force and time. The impulse-momentum theorem states that a large impulse creates a great change in momentum of a body, represented by the formula I=mvf - mvi. Sample problems demonstrate calculating momentum, force from a change in momentum over time, and impulse from an applied force and time. Practice problems are provided to calculate momentum, velocity from momentum, force from a change in momentum, and force needed to stop an object.

Uploaded by

xidine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Momentum

➢mass in motion
➢The product of the
mass of an object an its
velocity.
p = mv
Variables
P – momentum
(kg.m/s)
m – mass (kg)
v – velocity (m/s)
Formulas
p = mv
v = p/m
m = p/v
Ex. convert km/h to m/s
Covert 80 km/h to m/s
80 x 1000 m = 80,000 m = 22.22 m/s
3,600 s
1hr = 60 min
1min = 60 s
60min x 60 = 3600
Sample problem

➢pages 376 - 337


Impulse
➢Is the product of the
unbalanced force acting
on an object and the time
for which the force react.
I = Ft
Variables
I – impulse (N.s)
𝟐
F – force (kg.m/𝒔 or N)
t – time (hr, s)
Mvf –final momentum (m/s)
Mvi – initial momentum (m/s)
p – change in momentum
(if the object becomes at rest
Formulas after the impulse acted)

I =Ft
F = I/t
t = I/F
Impulse-momentum theorem

➢Shows that a large


impulse creates a great
change in momentum of a
body.
I = p or I =mvf - mvi
Impulse-momentum theorem

➢Shows that a large


impulse creates a great
change in momentum of a
body.
I = p or I =mvf - mvi
Variables
I – impulse (N.s)
𝟐
F – force (kg.m/𝒔 or N)
t – time (hr, s)
Mvf –final momentum (m/s)
Mvi – initial momentum (m/s)
p – change in momentum
(if the object did not stop

Formulas instead there was a change in


momentum)

I = mvf – mvi or Ft = mvf – mvi


F =mvf – mvi / t
t = mvf – mvi / F
Sample problem (I and P)

See page 380


1 and 2
Sample Problem

follow GUFSA
1. What is the momentum
of a 2kg ball traveling at 4
m/s?
1. What is the momentum of a 2kg
ball traveling at 4 m/s?
G: v = 4 m/s
m = 2 kg
U: p =?
F: p = mv
S: p = mv
= (2kg) (4m/s)
= 8 kg.m/s
Sample Problem (follow GUFSA)

2. A 2250 kg car traveling to


the west is slowed down
uniformly from 20.0 m/s to
5.00 m/s in 4 seconds. What is
the constant force acted on
the car during this time?
G: m = 2250 kg t = 4.00 s
Vi = 20.0m/s Vf = 5.0m/s
U: F=?
F: F = mvf – mvi
t
S: F = (2250 kg)(5m/s) – (2250kg) (20m/s)
4s
= 11250kg.m/s – 4500 kg.m/s
4s
= - 33750 kg.m/s
4s
F = - 8437.5 N
Let’s Practice!
SW (momentum)

1. A 275 kg motorcycle moves


at a velocity of 60 km/h. Find
the magnitude of its
momentum. (convert km/h to
m/s)
SW (momentum)

2. Calculate the velocity of a


1375 kg car with a momentum
of 35,000 kg.m/s?
SW (impulse momentum)

3) A 430 kg tricycle traveling at 30


km/h slows down to 10 km/h in 5
seconds as it approaches a road
intersection. How much force was
applied on the brakes of the
tricycle? What is the impulse
exerted on the vehicle?
SW (impulse momentum)

4) How much force is


needed to stop a 4000 kg
traveling at 80 km/h in 18
seconds?

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