Grade 10 Worksheet No.

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African Music and Influence of Africa to Latin American
MUSIC Music
Quarter 2-Wk.1-Module 1

MELCs:

 Describe the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin American

EXPLORE:
Read the Statement Carefully!
Select your best answer in the box below and write only the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before the number.

A. African Music F. Kwassa-kwassa

B. Afrobeat G. Reggae
C. Apala H. Marabi
D. Salsa I. Axe
E. Soca J. Jit
K. Zouk

____1. It is a rich and diverse cultural heritage that exists in hundreds of different languages.

____2. It is described as the fusion of West African and Black American music.

____3. It is used to wake up the worshipper after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan.

____4. It is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil.

____5. It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar
accompaniment.

____6. This dance style began in Zaire in the late 1980s and was popularized by Kanda Bongo
Man.

____7. This refers to the South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s which
evolved into African jazz.

____8. It is a Jamaican musical style that was strongly influenced by the island’s traditional mento
music.

____9. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha,
chachacha, mambo, and bolero.

____10. It is known as the “Soul of Calypso”.

LEARN
African Music

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What is African music?
African music has rich and diverse cultural heritage that exist in hundreds of different languages.
The music in Africa always has the technique of “Call and Response” in which a person leads by singing a
phrase and followed and answered by a group of singers.
They usually perform by singing and using percussion instruments played either by hands or with
sticks, drums, and others. This type of music is also used for communication to convey news, for teaching,
for telling a story, and for religious purposes including the Maracatu.
African music is a collective result of the cultural and musical diversity of the more than 50 ethnic
divisions of the continent. The organization of this vast continent is a colonial legacy from European rule of
the different nations up to the end of the 19th century, enabling it to incorporate its music with language,
environment, political developments, immigration and cultural diversity.
Music has always been an important part of the daily life of the African people, whether for work,
religion, ceremonies, or even communication. Singing, dancing, hand clapping and the beating of drums
are essential to many African ceremonies, including those for birth, death, initiation, marriage, and
funerals. Music and dance are also important to religious expressions and political events.
However, because of the wide influence of African music on global music having permeated
contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles there has been a growing interest in its own
cultural heritage and musical sources. Particular subjects of research are its rhythmic structures and
spiritual characteristics that have led to the birth of jazz forms.

African traditional music

is largely functional in nature, used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage,
succession, worship, and spirit invocations. Others are work related or social in nature, while many
traditional societies view their music as entertainment.
African music has a basically interlocking structural. Format due mainly to its overlapping and
dense texture as well as its rhythmic complexity. Its many sources of influence have produced such
varied styles and genres as the following:
Afrobeat
Afrobeat is a term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American music.
Apala (Akpala)
Apala is a musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style, used to wake up the worshippers after
fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle (sekere),
thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums.
Axe
Axe is a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles of the
marcha, reggae, and calypso, and is played by carnival bands.
Jit
Jit is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment,
influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.
Jive
Jive is a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a
form of swing dance.
Juju

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Juju is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where the
instruments are more Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used
along with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum).
Kwassa Kwassa
Kwassa Kwassa is a dance style begun in Zaire. In the late 1980s, it was
popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move back and
forth while the arms follow the hip movements.

Marabi
Marabi is a South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s which evolved into African jazz.
It makes use of a keyboard style that combines American jazz, ragtime, and blues with African roots. It is
characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended
period of time to allow the dancers more time on the dance floor.

Influences of Africa to Latin American music

Latin America music influenced by African music

The rhythm and styles of Latin-American music are influenced by the United States and other countries in
Europe like Spain and Portugal. Latin music is the combination of four musical elements. Its musical styles
are tango, bossanova, merengue, salsa, and other genres such as reggae, jazz, rock, and latin pop.

Reggae
Reggae is a Jamaican musical styles that was strongly influenced by the island’s traditional
mento music, as well as by calypso, African music, American jazz, and rhythm and blues. One of
reggae’s most distinctive qualities is its offbeat rhythm and staccato chords.

Salsa
Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various musical
genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and bolero.

Samba
Samba is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style. Its roots can be traced to Africa via the West
African slave trade and African religious traditions particularly in Angola and the Congo. Samba is the
basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music. It has a lively and rhythmical beat with three
steps to every bar, making the samba feel like a timed dance. There is a set of dances – rather than a
single dance – that define the samba dancing scene in Brazil. Thus, no dance can be claimed with
certainty as the “original” samba style.

Soca
Soca is also known as the “soul of calypso.” It originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian
rhythms, thus combining the musical traditions of the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago.
It is a modern Trinidadian and Tobagonian pop music combining soul and calypso music.

Were
Were is a Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call for early breakfast and players during
Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses the African and European music
styles.

Zouk
Zouk is fast, carnival–like rhythmic music, from the Creole slang word for “party”. It originated in
the Caribbean Islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique and was popularized in the 1980s. It has a

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 pulsating beat supplied by the gwo ka and tambour bele drums, a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on
the rim of the snare drums, a rhythm guitar, a horn section, and keyboard synthesize.

As we already learned, music from Africa and Latin America have greatly influenced the music of
the world. Afro-Latin American music is a result of the many years of evolution and influences due to
contacts, as well as colonization.
African music has been an avenue for expressing experiences in work, religion, ceremonies,
communication, and interactions of the African ethnic tribes. Some traditional African music include the
Afrobeat, Axe from Salvador, Bahia and Brazil, Jit of Zimbabwe, Kwassa kwassa from Zaire, the Apala
by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, and the Jive of South Africa.

It is said that Latin American music is also influenced by American music, although the latter is the
product of three (3) major influences: indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African music. Reggae, salsa
and samba are examples of Latin American music. Moreover, Latin American music adopted for
dance and vocal arts include Cumbia, Tango, Cha cha cha, Rumba, Reggae, Foxtrot, Bossa Nova and
Paso Doble.

The Characteristics of Afro-Latin American Music.

1. Conversation: “Call and Response”

The performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant.

2. Improvisation – Non-scripted ways of singing that allow sincere conversations. It is a

framework where the artist has freedom in creating musical mood.

3. The voice as an instrument – It is the manipulation of a freely controlled piece where

they can change the tone of voice, its tempo, the creation of moods, and even changing
the range and voice power.

4. The instrument as a voice – the instrument serves as a “singer” along with the
performer.

The music is identified by their rhythms, which they adapted from the elements of Moorish music and other
African and Caribbean music in the slave trade 1550 to 1880.This developed a unique musical culture in
Caribbean countries and its influences include Latin rhythms and Samba and bossa nova in Brazil and
Tango in Argentina.

ENGAGE
Activity: Music Play!
Listen to the selected Traditional music of Africa. You may click on this link. As you listen,
carefully observe, and write your answer in your activity notebook.

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 Afro-Latin American (Click the Link to Listen)
Music

1. https://youtu.be/2XfrJy6CF04

2. https://youtu.be/lswSQuBPaJk

3. https://youtu.be/GTGq9e5CoHU

4. https://youtu.be/dMyfE_quZsE

5. https://youtu.be/VfNBX_2_27I

6. https://youtu.be/NC0Tw4PmarA

7. https://youtu.be/77pvf3ipIyQ

8. https://youtu.be/NznMBXbDSkI

9.
https://youtu.be/yq0PeZh9VI0

10. https://youtu.be/0adJ0Vnzj6M

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APPLY:
Read the Statement Carefully!
Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answer and write only the letter on the space
provided.

1. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha,
chachacha, mambo, and bolero.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. were
2. It refers to the Carnaval-like rhythmic music from the Creole slang word for “party”.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. Zouk
3. It is a Muslim music often performed as wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers
during Ramadan.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. were
4. This is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. were
5. It is known as “Soul of Calypso”.
A. salsa C. soca
B. samba D. were
6. It refers to the performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant.
A. melody C. rhythm
B. conversation D. were
7. It is a non-scripted way of singing that allows for sincere conversations. It is also
framework where the artist has the freedom in creating musical mood.
A. salsa C. instrument as a voice
B. samba D. Improvisation
8. It is a type of music in which the instrument serves as a “singer” along with
the performer.
A. voice as an instrument C. improvisation
B. instrument as a voice D. conversation
9.It is an avenue for expressing experiences in work, religion, ceremonies,
communication, and interactions of the African ethnic tribes.
A. African music C. Latin America music
B. Latin music D. China music
10. It is known as a Jamaican musical styles that was strongly influenced by
the island traditional mento music.
A. salsa C. reggae
B. samba D. were

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KEY TO ANSWERS:
Explore:
1. A 6. F
2. B 7. H
3. C 8. G
4. I 9. D
5. J 10. E

Apply:
1. A 6. B
2. D 7. D
3. D 8. B
4. B 9. C
5. C 10. C