Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 68 views

    Tuberculosis: Angeles University Foundation

    Uploaded by

    Bob Joyce Dela Peña
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that commonly affects the lungs. It is transmitted through the air via coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves sputum testing and chest x-rays. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over several months under direct observation to prevent drug resistance. Prevention focuses on BCG vaccination in babies, avoiding overcrowding, good nutrition, and screening those exposed to active TB cases.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Tuberculosis: Angeles University Foundation

    Uploaded by

    Bob Joyce Dela Peña
    68 views10 pages
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that commonly affects the lungs. It is transmitted through the air via coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves sputum testing and chest x-rays. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over several months under direct observation to prevent drug resistance. Prevention focuses on BCG vaccination in babies, avoiding overcrowding, good nutrition, and screening those exposed to active TB cases.

    Original Title

    TB

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that commonly affects the lungs. It is transmitted through the air via coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves sputum testing and chest x-rays. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over several months under direct observation to prevent drug resistance. Prevention focuses on BCG vaccination in babies, avoiding overcrowding, good nutrition, and screening those exposed to active TB cases.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    68 views10 pages

    Tuberculosis: Angeles University Foundation

    Uploaded by

    Bob Joyce Dela Peña
    Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that commonly affects the lungs. It is transmitted through the air via coughs or sneezes. Symptoms include cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves sputum testing and chest x-rays. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen over several months under direct observation to prevent drug resistance. Prevention focuses on BCG vaccination in babies, avoiding overcrowding, good nutrition, and screening those exposed to active TB cases.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Angeles University Foundation

    Tuberculosis
    Dela Pena, Joyce S., Group 12

    Tuberculosis

    Also known as Kochs Disease, Phthisis, and Consumption Disease Sub-acute/acute respiratory disease commonly affecting the lungs Characterized by formation of tubercles in the tissues which tend to undergo ceseation, necrosis and calcification

    Etiologic Agent

    Causative agent: Rod shaped organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. africanum from humans and M. bovis from cattle.

    Incubation Period

    2-10 weeks

    Period of Communicability

    All throughout life if remains untreated Highly communicable during its active phase

    Mode of Transmission

    Transmitted by deliberate inoculation of microorganism or by droplet:


    Inhalation directly into lungs from air

    Direct/indirect contact with infected

    people(usually by discharges from respiratory tract by means of coughing, sneezing or kissing)


    Contact with contaminated eating utensils Rarely: through skin lesions

    Sources of Infection

    Sputum Blood from hemoptysis Nasal discharge Saliva

    Quantitative Classification
    1. Minimal

    Characterized by slight lesions without demonstrable excavation Confined to a small part of one or both lungs

    2. Moderately Advanced

    One or both lungs involved Volume affected should not extend to one lobe Total diameter of the cavity should not exceed four centimeters

    3. Far Advanced

    Lesions are more extensive than moderate

    Clinical Classification
    1. Inactive TB

    S/sx are absent Sputum is absent for tubercle bacilli after repeated exam. No evidence of cavity on chest x-ray

    2. Active

    Tuberculin test is (+) X-ray of the chest is generally progressive S/sx due to lesions are usually present Sputum and gastric are (+) for tubercle bacilli

    Clinical Manifestations

    Afternoon rise of temperature Night sweating Body malaise Weight loss Cough, dry to productive Dyspnea hoarseness of voice Hemoptysis considered pathognomonic to disease Chest pain

    Sputum(+) for AFB

    Diagnostic Procedures

    Sputum analysis for AFB confirmatory Chest X-ray Tuberculin testing


    a) Mantaux test(PPD) b) Tine test(OT) c) Heaf test(LT)

    Modalities of Treatment a) Short Term Course Chemotherapy(6 months): Isoniazid(INH), Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide(PZA) and Ethambutol. b) Patients with drug resistance(second lined drugs) such as: capreomycin, streptomycin, cycloserine, amikacin and quinolone drugs. c) Direct Observed Therapy is high recommended to prevent noncompliance d) The medicine shouldn't be taking incorrectly because it will make the treatment harder the second time around because the patient will become resistant to the drug. e) Patients who get need to take the drug again are given different combinations of other drugs(INH, Refampicin, Ethambutol, PZA) rather than just using one. Other diseases/Problems Associated with PTB

    The aging population Diabetes mellitus Chronic Alcoholism Psychiatric Patient Hematologic Disorder HIV

    Nursing Management

    1. Maintain respiratory isolation until patient responds to treatment or until the patient is no longer contagious. 2. Administer medicines as ordered. 3. Always check sputum for blood purulent expectoration. 4. Encourage questions and conversation so that the patient can air his or her feelings. 5. Teach or educate the patient all about the PTB 6. Encourage the patient to stop smoking. 7. Teach the patient to cough or sneeze into the tissue paper and dispose secretions properly. 8. Advise patient to have plenty of rest and eat balanced meals. 9. Be alert for signs of drug reaction. 10. If the patient is taking ethambutol, watch for optic neuritis. If it develops, discontinue the drug. 11. If patient recieves rifampicin (Rifampin), watch for hepatitis and purpura. Also observe the patient for other complications like hemoptyis. 12. Emphasize the importance of regular follow-up examinations and instruct the patient and his family about the signs and symptoms of recurring TB. ELEMENTS OF DOTS 1. Political commitment with increased and sustained financing it is needed to foster national and international partnership correct funding is needed to keep health care workers working hard

    2. Case detection through quality-assured bacteriology it is to ensure accurate diagnosis and ensured proper testings 3. Standardize treatment with supervision and patient support

    it is a system needed because it standardizes the treatment of TB in all aspects Short Course Chemotherapy(SCC) and Fixed Dose Combination(FDC) are examples of standardized treatments to this disease to prevent risk of developing drug resistance Supervised treatment(Directly Observed Treatment) is needed so that the patient will be watched over with the schedule of their needed care(ie: drug dosage, time of taking the drug, etc)

    4. An effective drug supply and management system it is needed so that the anti-TB drugs will be available to everyone, whether rich or poor it is needed so that the treatment of the drugs will be monitored, properly dosed and used it is also needed so that it can improve drug administration, promote adherence to treatment and prevent development of drug resistance 5. Monitoring and evaluation system and impact measurement it is needed so that there will be a system that will have all the patients data and information of what the patience needs to help treat and monitor the disease the system needs: a) in a district level, it is needed so that we can identify local problems and treat them right away. b) on a national level to ensure consistently high quality TB control. c) nationally and internationally evaluate the performance of each country.

    d) regular programmed supervision

    should be carried out to see the quality of information and to address performance problems.

    Common Nursing Diagnosis Sleep pattern disturbance Body image disturbance Altered nutrition: Less than body Requirement Fatigue Self-care deficit Alteration in comfort Knowledge deficit Ineffective airway clearance

    Prevention and Control

    Submit all babies for BCG immunization Avoid overcrowding Improve nutrition and health Advise people previously exposed to TB infected individuals to undergo diagnostic procedures and prophylactic isoniazid

    Reference: Handbook of Common Infectious Diseases Communicable and

    By Dionesia Mondejar-Navales, RN, MAEd

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy