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International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),

Vol 4 Issue 3 March-2016
3221 5687, (P) 3221 568X

Structural Analysis of Ladder Chassis Frame for car

UsingAnsys
S.Sivaraj#1, A.Hazemohzammed*1, M.Yuvaraj*2, N.Karthikeyan*3, V.Murugan*4,
#
Assistant Prof., Dept, *U.G Students,
Dept of mechanical engg., Surya Group of Institution,
villupuram,Tamil Nadu,
Iindia.

Abstract— automotive chassis frame is an important part of an automobile. The automotive chassis frame is the structural backbone of any
vehicle. The main function of chassis frame is to support the body, different parts of an automobile and to payload placed upon it. The
chassis frame has to withstand the stresses developed as well as deformation occurs in it and to withstand the shock, twist vibration and
other stresses. Its principle function is to carry the maximum load for all designed operating condition safely that should be within a limit.
On chassis, frame maximum shear stress and deflection under maximum load are important criteria for design and analysis. In these
projects, we have calculated the vonmises stress and shear stress for the chassis frame and the finite element analysis has been done for the
validation on the chassis frame model. We have taken certain material as Mild sheet steel, aluminum alloy and titanium alloy for the
rectangular hollow box type to design chassis frame. Software used in this project, CATIA V5 for design purpose, HYPERMESH is used for
meshing and ANSYS 16 is used for analysis.

Keywords— chassis, von mises stress, mild steel, aluminium, titanium alloy, CATIA V5.

I. INTRODUCTION which will be used for further design improvement. Finite

Automotive chassis is a skeletal frame on which various element modelling (FEM), simulations and analysis are
mechanical parts like engine, tires, axle assemblies, brakes, performed using a modelling software i.e. CATIA
steering etc. are bolted. The chassis is considered to be the most V5R18.Firstly, a 3-D model of low loader based on design from
significant component of an automobile. It is the most crucial SESB is created by using CATIA. Stress and displacement
element that gives strength and stability to the vehicle under contour are later constructed and the maximum deflection and
different conditions. Automobile frames provide strength and stress are determined by performing stress analysis. Computed
flexibility to the automobile. The backbone of any automobile, it results are then compared to analytical calculation, where it is
is the supporting frame to which the body of an engine, axle found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with
assemblies are affixed. Tie bars, that are essential parts of theoretical approximation but varies on the magnitude aspect.
automotive frames, are fasteners that bind different auto parts Safety factor for the low loader structure has also been
together. Automobile chassis is usually made of light sheet metal calculated. In the end, the current study is important for further
or composite plastics. It provides strength needed forsupporting improvement of the current low loader chassis design.
vehicular components and payloadplaced upon it. Automotive
chassis or automobile chassis helps keep an automobile rigid, Swami K.I. et al. (Jan. 2014) The Automotive chassis is
stiff and unbending. considered as the backbone of the vehicle. On chassis, different
parts are provided with strength, an important consideration in
Ladder Chassis: chassis design is to have adequate bending stiffness for better
Ladder chassis is one of the oldest forms of automotive chassis handling characteristics. So, strength and stiffness are two
these are still used in most of the SUVs today. It is clear from its important criteria for the design of the chassis. This paper related
name that ladder chassis resembles a shape of a ladder having with work performed towards the static structural analysis of the
two longitudinal rails inter linked by lateral and cross braces truck chassis. Structural systems like the chassis can be easily
. analysed using the finite element techniques. So a proper finite
II. LITERATURE REVIEW element model of the chassis is to be developed. The chassis is
modelled in ANSYS. Analysis is done using the same software.
MohdAzizi Muhammad Nor et al. (2012) this paper
aims to model, simulate and perform the stress analysis of an III. PROBLEM STATEMENT
actual low loader structure consisting of I-beams design
application of 35 tonne trailer designed in-house by Sumai In present the Ladder chassis which are uses for making buses
Engineering Sdn. Bhd, (SESB). The material of structure is Low and trucks are C and I cross section type, which are made of
Alloy Steel A 710 C (Class 3) with 552 MPa of yield strength Steel alloy (Austenitic). In India no of passengers travel in the
and 620 MPa of tensile strength. The scope of this study concern bus is not uniform, excess passengers are travelling in the buses
on structural design of the I-beams for info and data gathering, daily due to which there are always possibilities of being
Sivaraj,Hazemohzammed,Yuvaraj,Karthikeyan,Murugan…. (IJ0SER) March - 2016
International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 4 Issue 3 March-2016
3221 5687, (P) 3221 568X
failure/fracture in the chassis/frame. Therefore Chassis with high = 3000 kg +600 kg
strength cross section is needed to minimize the failures =3600 kg
including factor of safety in design. Basically C cross section = 3ton + 0.6 ton
type of chassis is used in buses and I cross section type in heavy = 3.6 ton
trucks where high strength is required. So we have taken Chassis has two longitudinal members so load will be acted
Rectangular Box type cross section for making ladder chassis by upon these two longitudinal members. Therefore, load acting on
fabricating it which is used in small trucks. It will give best each member will be half of the total load acting on chassis.
strength among all above three. Another type of cross section we Load acting on one longitudinal member = 3.6 ton ÷ 2 = 1.8 ton.
have taken is also rectangular box type section but it is filled
diagonally so that this type of intermediate structure can increase
the strength of chassis. MATERIAL USED FOR ANALYSIS
The problem to be dealt with for this dissertation work Mild sheet steel
is to Design and Analyses using suitable CAE software for
ladder chassis.

IV. METHODOLOGY
Finite element analysis is performed to find the von mises stress
and shear stress using ansys. Three dimensional model of frame
was designed using catia software. The design verification can
be achieved without elaborate need for prototypes at each phase
saving time and effort. A final prototype for the final design
review can be employed for verifying the analytical results.
Modeling: Geometric modeling of truck frame structure will be
carried out using CATIA V5 R20. The design of existing SUV
chassis frame is taken. 3D Model individual parts are created
and assembly is done. The model is converted into neutral Aluminium alloy
format like .iges or .stp.

Preprocessing: The file in neutral format is imported in

Hypermesh and meshed with definite element count and shell
mesh is accomplished. FE model generation for all the parts will
be carried out using Hypermesh 13. The riveted joints are
considered to be contact and bolted joints are connected with 1D
element. The weight of components resting in the Chassis is
considered as mass elements. Input deck for simulation
including material property, contacts will be created using

Hypermesh 13.
Post-processing: Static structural Analysis will be carried out
using Ansys 16, to find
Von misses stress, shear stress and deformation of the model,
and it’s tabulated for three different materials. Investigation of Titanium alloy
the analysis results in order to improve the stiffness.
Specification of Ladder chassis:
Wheel Base (WB) = 2380 mm.
Rear Overhang (ROH) = 1020 mm.
Front Overhang (FOH) = 450/470 mm.
Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) = 3000 kg = 3 ton.
Length =3860mm.
Width =900mm.
Basic Calculation for Chassis: -
Weight of passengers = Weight per passenger × No. of
passengers
= 75kg × 8
= 600kg =0.6 ton
Total load acting on chassis = Gross vehicle weight + Weight of
passengers
Sivaraj,Hazemohzammed,Yuvaraj,Karthikeyan,Murugan…. (IJ0SER) March - 2016
International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 4 Issue 3 March-2016
3221 5687, (P) 3221 568X
V.PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION / RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION

Finite Element Analysis

Stress analysis of ladder type chassis frame

There are three main steps, namely: pre-processing, solution
and post processing. In pre-processing (model definition) Mild sheet steel
includes: define the geometric domain of the problem, the
element type(s) to be used, the material properties of the
elements, the geometric properties of the elements (length, area,
and the like), the element connectivity (mesh the model), the
physical constraints (boundary conditions) and the loadings.

In solution includes: the governing algebraic equations in

matrix form and computes the unknown values of the primary
field variable(s) are assembled. The computed results are then
used by back substitution to determine additional, derived
variables, such as reaction forces, element stresses and heat
flow. Actually, the features in this step such as matrix
manipulation, numerical integration and equation solving are
carried out automatically by commercial software.
Fig 2: Von misses stress on chassis frame
The model of existing chassis as per the dimension. The
model is then saved in IGES format which can be directly
imported into ANSYS.
Meshing of Chassis Frame

Fig 3: Shear stress on chassis frame

Fig 1: mesh model

The meshing is done on the model with 1D and 2D elements
3026 nodes and 206 elements of 1D elements
54322 nodes and 51422 elements of 2D elements
Loading Condition of Chassis Frame
The chassis model is loaded by static forces from the
jeep body and load. For this model, the maximum loaded weight
of jeep and body is 3,600 kg. The load is assumed as a uniform
distributed obtained from the maximum loaded weight divided
by the total length of chassis frame. Detail loading of model is
shown in Figure. The magnitude of force on the upper side of
chassis is 35316 N, which is carried by two side bars so load on Fig 4: Deformation on chassis frame
one side bar is 17658 N. The formula of design stress is defined
by
Sivaraj,Hazemohzammed,Yuvaraj,Karthikeyan,Murugan…. (IJ0SER) March - 2016
International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 4 Issue 3 March-2016
3221 5687, (P) 3221 568X
Aluminum alloy
Titanium alloy

Fig 5: Von misses stress on chassis frame

Fig 8: Von misses stress on chassis frame

Fig 6: Shear stress on chassis frame

Fig 9: Shear stress on chassis frame

Fig 10: Deformation on chassis frame

Fig 7: Deformation on chassis frame

Sivaraj,Hazemohzammed,Yuvaraj,Karthikeyan,Murugan…. (IJ0SER) March - 2016

International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 4 Issue 3 March-2016
3221 5687, (P) 3221 568X
VI. CONCLUSION

In the present work, ladder type chassis frame for chassis model
was analysed using ANSYS 16 software, based on the analysis
following conclusion can be done.
1) The generated shear stresses are less than the permissible
value so the design is safe for all three materials.
2) Shear stress was found minimum in aluminium alloy and
maximum in mild sheet steel under given boundary conditions.
3) Von mises stress was found minimum in aluminum alloy and
maximum in titanium alloy under given boundary conditions.
VII. REFERENCES
[1] Vishal Francis, structural analysis of chassis frame jeep using ansys,
(IJMER).
[2] Abhishek Singh, structural analysis of ladder chassis for higher
strength,Feb-2014 (IJETAE).
[3] N.V.Dhandapani, Dr. G Mohan kumar, DrK.K.Debnath, ―Static
Analysis of Off-High Way Vechile Chassis supporting Structure for
the effect of various Stress dstributions‖, IJART, Vol.2 Issue 1, 2012,
1-8.
[4] Haval Kamal Asker, ThakerSalihDawood, ArkanFawzi Said, ―Stress
Analysis os standard Truck Chassis during ramping on Block using
Finite Element Method‖, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Vol. 7, NO. 6, June 2012
[5] M. Ravi Chandra, S. Sreenivasulu, Syed AltafHussain, ―Modelling
and Structural Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Chassis made of Polymeric
Composite Material by three different Cross Sections‖, Journal of
Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development
(IJMPERD ) ISSN 2249-6890 Vol.2, Issue 2, Sep 2012, 45-60.
[6] Monika S. Agrawal, Md. Razik, ―A Review on Study of Analysis of
Chassis‖, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
(IJMER), Vol.3, Issue.2, March-April. 2013, pp-1135-113.

Sivaraj,Hazemohzammed,Yuvaraj,Karthikeyan,Murugan…. (IJ0SER) March - 2016