Management Concepts: An Overview

Dr. Jamil Anwar

PhD (Management), MSc (Statistics), MBA (Finance), DAIBP, OCP
Email: jamilanwar@cuiatd.edu.pk; Cell: 0333-2122634

COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

 Management Concepts: An Overview
Definition of Management:
Management is the
process of designing
and maintaining an
environment in which
individuals, working
together in groups,
efficiently and
effectively accomplish
selected aims or goals
 Management Concepts: An Overview
What Is An Organization?
• An Organization is a deliberate
arrangement of people to
accomplish some specific purpose
(that individuals independently
could not accomplish alone).
• Common Characteristics of
Organizations
• Have a distinct purpose (goal)
• Composed of people
• Have a deliberate structure
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Common Characteristics of Organizations

Goals Structure People


B

A
 Management Concepts: An Overview

Objective of Management?
Means Ends
Efficiency Effectiveness

Goals

Goal Attainment
Resource Usage

Low High
Waste Attainment
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Functions of Management

Figure 1.2
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Resources
•Human
Planning Organizing
•Financial Assign responsibility
Select goals and
•Raw Materials ways to attain for task
them accomplishment
•Technological
•Information

Performance
•Attain goals Controlling Leading
•Products
Monitor activities & Use influence to
•Services make corrections motivate employees
•Efficiency
•Effectiveness
 Management Concepts: An Overview

Need for Management/ Why Study management ?

 Management Concepts: An Overview
Why Study Management?
• The better you can work with people, the

more successful you will be in both your

personal and your professional lives.

• Employers want to hire employees who can

participate in managing the firm.

• Even non-managers (Individual Contributors) are

being trained to perform management functions.

 Management Concepts: An Overview
Why Study Management?
• The study of management builds the skills needed in today’s workplace to succeed in:
• Becoming a partner in managing your organization through participative
management.
• Working in a team and sharing in decision making and other management tasks.
• The study of management also applies directly to your personal life in helping you to:
• Communicate with and interact with people every day.
• Make personal plans and decisions, set goals, prioritize what you will do, and get
others to do things for you.
• Society Needs Leaders and Team Players
• Be Successful in our Community, Religious, Social, Professional, Recreational and
Other Organizations.
• Become Leaders for a “Just and Humane World”
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Differences between Large and Small Businesses

ALSO OFTEN APPLIES TO NON-PROFITS AND CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS, WITH FOCUS ON THEIR MISSION
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Who Are Managers?
• Someone who coordinates and
oversees the work of other
people so that organizational
goals can be accomplished.
 Management Concepts: An Overview
What Do Managers Do?
• Management Functions (Different Scope at job level)
• Planning
• Setting objectives and determining in advance exactly (?) how the
objectives will be met.
• Monitor for Change and Anticipate or React
• PDCA – Plan – Do – Check - Act
• Organizing
• Delegating and coordinating tasks and allocating resources to
achieve objectives.
• Leading
• Influencing employees to work toward achieving objectives.
• Setting an Example (Shadow of the Leader)
• Controlling
• Establishing and implementing mechanisms to ensure that
objectives are achieved.
 Management Concepts: An Overview
What Do Managers Do? (cont’d)
Skills Approach
• Technical skills
• Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
• Human skills
• The ability to work well with other people
• Conceptual skills
• The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and
complex situations concerning the organization
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Managerial Concerns:

• Efficiency
• “Doing things right”
• Getting the most output for the least inputs

• Effectiveness
• “Doing the right things”
• Attaining organizational goals
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Performance in an Organization
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Supervise
Others

Top
Managers

Middle
Managers

First-Line
Managers

Work
Operative Employees
on Jobs

The Levels of an Organization

 Management Concepts: An Overview
Levels of Management
CEO
COO Top Level Management
CIO

Middle Level Management General Manager

Plant Manager
Regional Manager

Office Manager
Shift Supervisor First-Line Management
Department Manager
Team Leader
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Top Management Responsible for…
• Creating a context for change
• Developing attitudes of commitment and ownership in employees
• Creating a positive organizational culture through language and action
• Monitoring their business environments
Middle Management Responsible for:
• Setting objectives consistent with top management goals, planning strategies
• Coordinating and linking groups, departments, and divisions
• Monitoring and managing the performance of subunits and managers who report
to them
• Implementing the changes or strategies generated by top managers

Line-Managers are Responsible for:

• Managing the performance of entry-level employees
• Teaching entry-level employees how to do their jobs
• Making schedules and operating plans based on middle management’s
intermediate-range plans
 Management Concepts: An Overview

Management Levels and Functional Areas

 Management Concepts: An Overview
The Systems Relationship among the Management Functions
Planning Management
Functions

Controlling Organizing

Management
Skills

Leading
 Management Concepts: An Overview

Skills @ Different Management Levels

 Management Concepts: An Overview
Management Skills and Functions
Planning

Controlling Organizing

Leading
 Management Concepts: An Overview

Specific Management Skills

• Handling conflicts
• Motivating employees
• Solving problems
• Handling information
• Growing and developing
• Controlling the environment
• Organizing and coordinating
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Management Competencies
• Initiate and implement change and improvement
• Monitor, maintain, and improve delivery
• Monitor and control the use of resources
• Allocate resources effectively
• Recruit and select personnel
• Develop teams, individuals, and self
• Plan, allocate, and evaluate work
• Create, maintain, and enhance relationships
• Seek, evaluate, and organize information
• Exchange business information
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Relative Amount of Time That Managers Spend on the Four Managerial Functions
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Managerial Roles Approach (Mintzberg)

Managers play various roles as necessary while performing their

management functions so as to achieve organizational objectives.
 Management Concepts: An Overview

The Roles That Managers Play

Small Firms Importance Large Firms

Spokesperson High Resource Allocator

Entrepreneur Liaison, Monitor

Figurehead Moderate Disturbance Handler
Leader Negotiator

Disseminator Low Entrepreneur

 Management Concepts: An Overview
What Companies Look for in Managers
• Technical
• Interpersonal
• Conceptual
• Diagnostic
• Communication
• Decision-Making
• Time-Management
 Management Concepts: An Overview
New Workplace Issues and Challenges
Technology and Speed

Networking and
Boundary less Globalization
Relationships and Diversity

Ethics and Knowledge,

Social Learning,
Responsibility Quality, and
Continuous
Improvement

Participative
Management, Knowledge
Empowerment, Management
and Teams
Change, Creativity, Innovation,
and Entrepreneurship
Management Concepts: An Overview
Management Concepts: An Overview
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Building Blocks of Competitive Advantage
 Management Concepts: An Overview
Management and Other Disciplines

• Anthropology
• Economics
• Philosophy
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Political Science
Management Concepts: An Overview

Thank You