Bottle Roll Test
Bottle Roll Test
Bottle Roll Test
LABORATORY WORK ON
ASSAYING MR-280
2018
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are very much grateful to God Almighty for the gift of life and knowledge. Our
sincere acknowledgement goes to our course lecturer Associate Professor Grace Ofori-
Sarpong for her immense contribution to our development and allowing us to have a
more practical feel of the course. Our special appreciation goes to his abled teaching
assistants at the Minerals Engineering Laboratory for their contributions to this project.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 1
BOTTLE ROLL TEST: GRINDABILITY TEST ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Purpose/ Aim ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Materials/ Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Procedures .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Data and Results ................................................................................................................................. 3
1.5.1 Data obtained after screening with 125µm ................................................................................. 3
1.5.2 Graph of Percentage Passing 125µm against time ...................................................................... 3
1.5.3 Data obtained after screening with 106µm ................................................................................. 4
1.5.4 Graph of Percentage Passing 106µm ........................................................................................... 4
1.5.5 Data obtained after screening with 75µm ................................................................................... 5
1.5.6 Graph of Percentage Passing 75µm against time. ....................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 6
CYANIDATION/LEACHING TEST ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Background study ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Procedures .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Calculations for Data ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Calculations on sample B1(20minutes)........................................................................................ 6
2.3.2 Calculations on sample B2(30minutes)........................................................................................ 7
2.3.3 Calculations on sample B3(40minutes)........................................................................................ 7
2.3.4 Amount of Lime to Add ................................................................................................................ 8
2.3.5 Leaching Sample Draw Time ........................................................................................................ 8
2.4 Test Results ......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.1 Sample B1 .................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.2 Gold % Recovery as a function of Leaching Time for B1 ............................................................ 10
2.4.3 Sample B2 .................................................................................................................................. 10
2.4.4 Gold % Recovery as a function of Leaching Time for B2 ............................................................ 11
iii
2.4.5 Sample B3 .................................................................................................................................. 11
2.4.6 Gold % Recovery as a function of Leaching Time for B3 ............................................................ 12
CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................................................... 13
PRECAUTIONS, OBSERVATION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................. 13
3.1 Precautions ....................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Observation ....................................................................................................................................... 13
3.4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 13
3.5 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................. 13
GROUP ONE MEMBERS ............................................................................................................................... 14
iv
CHAPTER ONE
Grindability test- for minimum time needed to grind to 80% passing 125µm, 106µm and 75µm
A1- 80% passing 125 µm
A2- 80% passing 106 µm
A3- 80% passing 75 µm
Leaching/ cyanidation test- for the percentage recovery of gold by cyanidation at the 2nd ,4th ,8th
and 24th hour for each of the samples:
B1- 20mins grind time
B2- 30mins grind time
B3- 40mins grind time
A ball mill is a type of grinder which is cylindrical device used in grinding (or mixing) materials like
ores, chemicals ceramic raw materials and paints. Ball mills rotate around a horizontal axis,
partially filled with the material to be ground plus the grinding medium. Different materials are
used as media, including ceramic balls, flint pebbles and stainless steel balls. An internal
cascading effect reduces the material to a fine powder.
Large to medium sized ball mills are mechanically rotated on their axis, but small ones normally
consist of a cylindrical capped container that sits on two drive shafts (pulleys and belts are used
to transmit rotary motion). The grinding works on the principle of critical speed. The critical speed
can be understood as that speed after which the steel balls (which are responsible for the
grinding of particles) start rotating along the direction of the cylindrical device, thus causing no
further grinding.
Grindability deals with the study of the effects of changes in the mill operating parameters on
the performance of the mill and subsequently its effects on the properties of the charge. The
sensitivity of a mill mostly affects the quality of the product particles sizes obtained after the
process. The parameters that define the sensitivity of the mill are; power consumption which
affects the rate of rotation of the mill, properties of the grinding media-size, hardness, density
and composition of the steel balls and also the change in shape and flow behaviour and effects
of particle sizes distribution.
1
To develop an understanding of the methods employed in sealing up the lab to large
commercial size mills.
To determine the time needed attain 80% passing 75µm, 106µm and 125µm.
1.4 Procedures
Part One-Sampling (Sample Extraction)
Crushed the sample sequentially using the jaw crusher preceding the cone crusher and
finally the roll crusher to minus 2mm.
We split the crusher product into 4 using coning and quartering, and label them A, B, C,
and D.
Picked one portion (sample A) and used the Jones riffler to divide further into four (A1,
A2, A3, and A4).
Took a sample for head grade determination using fire assaying or acid digestion.
Part Three- Grinding and Grindability Test
Grinded three portions (1kg each) of the sample A (A1, A2, A3, and A4) at 60% solids
sequentially for 5, 10 and 15mins in succession.
We built a nest sieves containing 75µm, 106µm and 125µm and use it to screen each
sample.
We noted the dry weight (and percentage) of material passing each of the three sieves
for each of the grinding periods.
Draw a graph of percentage passing each of sieve against time.
Determine the time required to grind to 80% passing 75µm, 106µm and 125µm.
2
1.5 Data and Results
1.5.1 Data obtained after screening with 125µm
125µm 125µm % PASSING
TIME OVERSIZE(g) UNDERSIZE(g) INITIAL(g) 125µm
5 634 390.3 1024.3 38.10407107
10 545 479.7 1025.4 46.78174371
15 261.1 763.1 1025.2 74.43425673
% PASSING
TIME 125µm
5 38.10407107
10 46.78174371
15 74.43425673
1.5.2 Graph of Percentage Passing 125µm against time
% PASSING 125µm
80
70
60
y = 26.11e0.067x
50
Axis Title
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time(minutes)
3
1.5.3 Data obtained after screening with 106µm
106µ 106µ
Time(minutes) oversize(g) undersize(g) Initial weight(g) % passing 106µ
5(A1) 30.2 360.1 1024.3 35.1557161
10(A2) 49.7 430 1025.4 41.93485469
15(A3) 97.8 665.3 1025.2 64.8946547
50
% passing 106
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time(minutes)
4
x= 19.122minutes
Therefore, the time needed to attain 80% passing 106µm is 19.122minutes.
1.5.5 Data obtained after screening with 75µm
75µm 75µm
TIME(minutes) OVERSIZE(g) UNDERSIZE(g) INITIAL % PASSING
5 25.9 334.2 1024.3 32.62716001
10 35.5 394.5 1025.4 38.47279111
15 107.3 558 1025.2 54.42840421
% PASSING
TIME(minutes) 75µm
5 32.62716001
10 38.47279111
15 54.42840421
50 y = 24.506e0.0512x
% passing 75micrins
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Time(minutes)
5
CHAPTER 2
CYANIDATION/LEACHING TEST
2.1 Background study
This is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore by converting the gold
to a water- soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used process for gold extraction.
with a designed analysis for, an amount of sodium cyanide is added to an ore at a minimum pH of
11(to avoid the evolution of hydrogen cyanide gas) for the conversion of gold into a solution with
time and the percentage recovery of gold measured at various time intervals.
2.2 Procedures
Determine the moisture content
Take three portions (1kg each) of samples B(B1, B2 and B3) and grind at 60% solids
sequentially to 80% passing 75, 106 and 125 respectively.
Pour each into a well-labeled leaching bottle.
Leach each of the samples under the following conditions:
Cyanide strength- 250ppm
Pulp Density- 45%
pH -11.5
Leaching time- 2, 4, 8, and 24hr.
Agitate on rollers
Remove the bottles from rollers and filter to get leachate (pregnant solution) and filter
cake(tailings).
Take 100ml of pregnant solution for AAS determination of gold concentration.
Wash the cake with water, dry and take a sample of 200g for acid digestion to determine
gold in tails.
Plot a graph of Gold recovery against time for each of the grind size.
7
If 45%= 1000g
55%=y where y= total water to add to solids to prepare a 45% pulp density
1000×55
Then y= = 1222.2𝑔 = 1.222𝑘𝑔 = 1.222𝐿
45
Actual water to add since there is already 0.321L present:
1.222L- 0.473L+0.0321= 0.781L
Amount of Cyanide to add:
If 1L =250ppm(mg/L)
1.222L = u where u= amount of cyanide to add in mg
Then u= 250×1.222= 305.5mg= 305.5×10-3= 0.31g
2.3.4 Amount of Lime to Add
Sample pH Before pH After Mass of lime Mass of lime Mass of lime
Before(g) After(g) added(g)
B1 8.19 11.17 4.00 1.35 2.65
B2 8.92 11.18 4.00 1.31 2.69
B3 8.37 11.08 4.00 1.40 2.6
2.4.1 Sample B1
Tailings value in 1L= 0.25mg
Tailings value in 100mL= 100×10-3×0.25= 0.025mg
Gold in 200g tailings= 0.025mg
0.025×1000
Then gold in the 1kg= 200
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒈
Total gold in the 1kg ore= gold in solution after 24hrs+gold in tailings= (2.13×1.222)+0.125
= 2.602+0.125= 2.727mg
Gram of gold in 1tonne will be= (2.002×10 g×10 g)/10 g= 2.727g/t
-3 6 3
𝐺𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑖𝑛 0.881𝐿
Percentage Recovery= 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 × 100
B1
Au in
Time, h Gold in solution, mg/L(in 1L) 1.222L Au, mg Recovery
2 0.75 0.917 33.598
4 1.05 1.283 47.037
8 1.21 1.479 54.204
24 2.13 2.603 95.418
Tailings in 1L 0.25
Tailings in 100mL 0.025
Gold in 1g tailings 0.125
Total gold in 1kg Ore 2.728
Total gold in 1t ore 2728
Calculated Head Grade 2.728g/t
Graph of Recovery % against Time
Time, h Recovery
2 33.598
4 47.037
8 54.204
24 95.418
9
2.4.2 Gold % Recovery as a function of Leaching Time for B1
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Leaching Time, Hr
2.4.3 Sample B2
Tailings value in 1L= 0.26mg
Tailings value in 100mL= 100×10-3×0.25= 0.026mg
Gold in 200g tailings= 0.026mg
0.026×1000
Then gold in the 1kg= 200
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝒎𝒈
Total gold in the 1kg ore= gold in solution after 24hrs+gold in tailings= (2.35×1.222) +0.13
= 2.872+0.13= 3.002mg
Gram of gold in 1tonne will be= (3.002×10 g×10 g)/10 g= 3.002g/t
-3 6 3
𝐺𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑖𝑛 0.854𝐿
Percentage Recovery= 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 × 100
B2
Gold in
solution, Au in
Time, h mg/L(in 1L) 1.222L Au, mg Recovery
2 0.89 1.088 36.232
4 1.16 1.418 47.224
8 1.43 1.747 58.216
24 2.35 2.872 95.669
Tailings in 1L 0.26
Tailings in 100mL 0.026
Gold in 1g tailings 0.13
Total gold in 1kg Ore 3.002
10
Total gold in 1t ore 3002
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Leaching Time, Hr
2.4.5 Sample B3
Tailings value in 1L= 0.23mg
Tailings value in 100mL= 100×10-3×0.23= 0.023mg
Gold in 200g tailings= 0.023mg
0.023×1000
Then gold in the 1kg= 200
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝒎𝒈
Total gold in the 1kg ore= gold in solution after 24hrs+gold in tailings= (3.04×1.222) +0.115
= 2.520+0.115= 3.830mg
Gram of gold in 1tonne will be= (3.830×10 g×10 g)/10 g= 3.830g/t
-3 6 3
𝐺𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑖𝑛 0.881𝐿
Percentage Recovery= 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 × 100
11
B3
Gold in
solution,
mg/L(in Au in
Time, h 1L) 1.222L Au, mg Recovery
2 1.02 1.246 32.545
4 1.22 1.491 38.927
8 2.16 2.640 68.919
24 3.04 3.715 96.997
Tailings in 1L 0.23
Tailings in 100mL 0.023
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Leaching Time, Hr
12
CHAPTER THREE
3.2 Observation
The longer the grinding time the fine the particle size.
It was observed that different particle sizes had different recovery rate.
From the graphs the absence of preg-robbers was observed.
The highest recovery was 96.997%( B3) on its 24th hour.
Grinding at 60% solids allows the appropriate amount of solid coatings on the the steel ball for
efficient grinding.
3.4 Conclusion
Particle size is an important factor to consider during cyanidation leaching.
More gold is recovered over longer period of time.
3.5 Recommendation
Oxygen should be increased to by introducing hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) every hour of leaching
time to enhance the rate of cyanidation.
Leaching should be done for more than 24hrs since after sometime the gradient increases with
time.
13
GROUP ONE MEMBERS
o AMOAH LEAPHORN CHRIS
o KESSE EMMANUEL
o BINEY ENOCH TAKYI
o FRIMPONG PETER
o BORSAH EMMANUEL
14