Cybersecurity: It Specialist Exam Objectives

IT SPECIALIST EXAM OBJECTIVES
Cybersecurity
1. Essential Security Principles
1.1 Define essential security principles
• Vulnerabilities, threats, exploits, and risks; attack vectors; hardening;
defense-in-depth; confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA); types of
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attackers; reasons for attacks; code of ethics
1.2 Explain common threats and vulnerabilities

• Malware, ransomware, denial of service, botnets, social engineering attacks
(tailgating, spear phishing, phishing, vishing, smishing, etc.), physical
attacks, man in the middle, IoT vulnerabilities, insider threats, Advanced
Persistent Threat (APT)
1.3 Explain access management principles

• Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA); RADIUS; multifactor
authentication (MFA); password policies
1.4 Explain encryption methods and applications

• Types of encryption, hashing, certificates, public key infrastructure (PKI);
strong vs. weak encryption algorithms; states of data and appropriate
encryption (data in transit, data at rest, data in use); protocols that use
encryption
2. Basic Network Security Concepts

2.1 Describe TCP/IP protocol vulnerabilities
• TCP, UDP, HTTP, ARP, ICMP, DHCP, DNS
2.2 Explain how network addresses impact network security

• IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, MAC addresses, network segmentation, CIDR
notation, NAT, public vs. private networks
2.3 Describe network infrastructure and technologies

• Network security architecture, DMZ, virtualization, cloud, honeypot, proxy
server, IDS, IPS
2.4 Set up a secure wireless SoHo network

• MAC address filtering, encryption standards and protocols, SSID
2.5 Implement secure access technologies

• ACL, firewall, VPN, NAC
3. Endpoint Security Concepts

3.1 Describe operating system security concepts
• Windows, macOS, and Linux; security features, including Windows
Defender and host-based firewalls; CLI and PowerShell; file and directory
permissions; privilege escalation
3.2 Demonstrate familiarity with appropriate endpoint tools that gather

security assessment information
• netstat, nslookup, tcpdump
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3.3 Verify that endpoint systems meet security policies and standards
• Hardware inventory (asset management), software inventory, program
deployment, data backups, regulatory compliance (PCI DSS, HIPAA,
GDPR), BYOD (device management, data encryption, app distribution,
configuration management)
3.4 Implement software and hardware updates

• Windows Update, application updates, device drivers, firmware, patching
3.5 Interpret system logs

• Event Viewer, audit logs, system and application logs, syslog, identification
of anomalies
3.6 Demonstrate familiarity with malware removal

• Scanning systems, reviewing scan logs, malware remediation
4. Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Management

4.1 Explain vulnerability management
• Vulnerability identification, management, and mitigation; active and passive
reconnaissance; testing (port scanning, automation)
4.2 Use threat intelligence techniques to identify potential network

vulnerabilities
• Uses and limitations of vulnerability databases; industry-standard tools
used to assess vulnerabilities and make recommendations, policies, and
reports; Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), cybersecurity
reports, cybersecurity news, subscription services, and collective
intelligence; ad hoc and automated threat intelligence; the importance of
updating documentation and other forms of communication proactively
before, during, and after cybersecurity incidents; how to secure, share and
update documentation
4.3 Explain risk management

• Vulnerability vs. risk, ranking risks, approaches to risk management, risk
mitigation strategies, levels of risk (low, medium, high, extremely high),
risks associated with specific types of data and data classifications,
security assessments of IT systems (information security, change
management, computer operations, information assurance)
4.4 Explain the importance of disaster recovery and business continuity

planning
• Natural and human-caused disasters, features of disaster recovery plans
(DRP) and business continuity plans (BCP), backup, disaster recovery
controls (detective, preventive, and corrective)
5. Incident Handling
5.1 Monitor security events and know when escalation is required
• Role of SIEM and SOAR, monitoring network data to identify security
incidents (packet captures, various log file entries, etc.), identifying
suspicious events as they occur
5.2 Explain digital forensics and attack attribution processes

• Cyber Kill Chain, MITRE ATT&CK Matrix, and Diamond Model; Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures (TTP); sources of evidence (artifacts);
evidence handling (preserving digital evidence, chain of custody)
5.3 Explain the impact of compliance frameworks on incident handling

• Compliance frameworks (GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, FERPA, FISMA), reporting
and notification requirements
5.4 Describe the elements of cybersecurity incident response

• Policy, plan, and procedure elements; incident response lifecycle stages
(NIST Special Publication 800-61 sections 2.3, 3.1-3.4)

Cybersecurity: It Specialist Exam Objectives

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IT SPECIALIST EXAM OBJECTIVES

Manage Workbook Options and Settings

1.2 Explain common threats and vulnerabilities

1.3 Explain access management principles

1.4 Explain encryption methods and applications

2. Basic Network Security Concepts

2.2 Explain how network addresses impact network security

2.3 Describe network infrastructure and technologies

2.4 Set up a secure wireless SoHo network

2.5 Implement secure access technologies

3. Endpoint Security Concepts

3.2 Demonstrate familiarity with appropriate endpoint tools that gather

3.4 Implement software and hardware updates

3.5 Interpret system logs

3.6 Demonstrate familiarity with malware removal

4. Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Management

4.2 Use threat intelligence techniques to identify potential network

4.3 Explain risk management

4.4 Explain the importance of disaster recovery and business continuity

5.2 Explain digital forensics and attack attribution processes

5.3 Explain the impact of compliance frameworks on incident handling

5.4 Describe the elements of cybersecurity incident response

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