Lecture 9

LECTURE 9
PARKING STANDARDS & ECS CALCULATIONS

FOCUS OF PRESENTATION
• Parking space
• Parking lot
• Patterns
• Standards of parking
• ECS Calculations
LECTURE 09 on AR 210: Building Codes and Regulations

PARKING SPACE
An area
enclosed or unenclosed,
covered or open,
sufficient in size to park vehicles,
together with a drive-way connecting the parking space with a street or alley and
permitting ingress and egress of the vehicles.
PARKING SPACE
• A parking space is a location that is designated for parking, either paved or unpaved.
It can be in a parking garage, in a parking lot or on a city street
• A Spaces that are accessible and approximate to the facility should be set aside
and identified for use by individuals with physical disabilities.
Types of vehicle Length (m) Width (m) Minimum

headroom (m)
Private Cars and Taxis 5 2.5 2.4
Light Goods Vehicles (LGV) 7 3.5 3.6
Medium / Heavy Goods Vehicles 11 3.5 4.7
(MGV/HGV)
Light buses 8 3.0 3.3
Coaches and buses 12 3.5 3.8
Container Vehicles 16 3.5 4.7
VEHICLE DIMENSIONS
VEHICLE DIMENSIONS
VEHICLE DIMENSIONS
VEHICLE DIMENSIONS
MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS
Type of road Type of Standard R notes
district vehicle (m)
Accessible Residential Car 6 Turning circle for car
lightly used
residential Special regulations for refuge
road collection vehicles
(e.g. link road connection via lanes
with limited traffic access)
Residential Mainly Cars, 2-axle (4x2) 8 Turning circle for small buses +
road residential refuse collection most refuse collection vehicles
vehicles
Room to turn by manoeuvring back
and forth for all vehicles permitted
under the regulations
Residential Residential Cars, 10 Adequate turning circle for most
road area, heavily Refuse collection permitted trucks and buses
vehicles, trucks
interspersed 11
with 3 axles
with (6x2 and 6x4), Turning circle for newer buses
business Standard bus, 12
premises Articulated bus Turning circle for articulated buses
Minimum Turning Radius for a Car Mainly for Truck 12 Turning circle for the largest
business Articulated truck vehicles permitted by the road
Articulated bus
premises regulations
1m wide clearance on the outside of the turning areas is provided to allow for the rear
overhang of vehicles
PARKING LOT
A parking lot is an area that is assigned for parking. Normally, the parking spaces are marked on the ground with white or
yellow lines that form squares that each fit one car. Parking lots are common near shops, bars, restaurants and other facilities that
require parking.
TYPES OF PARKING SYSTEMS
• On-street Parking
• Off-street Parking
• Multi-storey Parking
• Basement Parking
• Podium Parking
• Roof Top Parking

ON STREET PARKING
On street parking means the vehicles are parked on the sides of the street itself.
• This will be usually controlled by government agencies itself.
OFF STREET PARKING

When parking facility is provided at a separate place away from the kerb, it
is known as off street parking
• Off street parking means vehicles are parked off the street (like parking
lots, multi-storey building garage etc), and usually controlled by
commercial agencies
PARKING GARAGE
A building or a portion thereof designed and used for the parking of vehicle.
INDOOR/MULTI-STOREY PARKING
“Multi Level Car parking”- A building partly below ground level having two or more basements
or above ground level, primarily to be used for parking of cars, scooters or any other type of light
motorized vehicle.
Minimum Area of plot:

• 2000 sq. mt. in plain areas
• 1000 sq. m. in hilly areas
Minimum number of car parking spaces: 50
• It is limited to 5 till 6 stories with the total capacity

up to 500 cars per lot
• Apply multiple access and exit system to avoid

traffic congestion in and out
CRITERIA FOR THE QUALITY MULTI STOREY CAR PARK
• Safety in use
• Clear visibility
• Space marking to enable drivers to remember the
location of their vehicles
• Integration into the context of town planning
• Clear views to the outside
• Good natural lighting and ventilation
BASEMENT PARKING
• Appropriate for residential area, apartment, commercial complex, office complex and for
area around airport that has building high control limit.
PODIUM PARKING
• For medium and high density residential area and office complex.
• Ground level until level 4 are used for the parking area, while residential unit, office and
other functional spaces are located above the parking level
• one WC, two urinals and two washbasins for

every 500 cars or part thereof, shall be provided
on each podium floor.
• At least one accessible toilet complying with the

requirements given in B-9 shall be provided
preferably near the accessible parking.
• Provision for driver's rest room for non-residential

building shall be made.
a) A podium may be permitted in a plot of
area 1 500 m2 or more.
b) A podium, if provided with ramp, may be

permitted in one or more levels, however the total
height shall not exceed 30.0 m above ground level.
c) In case a podium is not provided with ramp, but

provided with car lift only, the same may also be
permitted in one or more levels, however, the
total height shall not exceed 9.0 m above ground
level.
d) Requirements for ramp for vehicles (see Fig. 8B):
1) One way ramp of clear width of minimum 3.0 m and two way
ramp with clear width of minimum 6.0 m shall be
provided for LMV.
ramp with clear width of minimum 9.0 m shall be provided for LCV.
ramp with clear width of minimum 12.0 m shall be provided for HMV.
4) Ramp slope shall be maximum 1 in 8.
5) After a 40 m length of continuous ramp, a flat surface of

minimum 6.0 m length shall preferably be provided (see Fig. 8B).
6) If podium is accessible to fire tender, minimum 7.5 m wide ramp

shall be required for fire engine access with maximum slope of 1
in 10.
ROOF TOP PARKING
• Appropriate for shopping complex (less than 5 stories) because it saves cost compared to
basement parking
VARIOUS PATTERNS OF PARKING
• Parallel
• Perpendicular
• Angle
• Other parking
methods
DIFFERENT OUTDOOR PARKING PATTERNS
900 entry/exit to parking spaces
Parking parallel to the 900parking, 5.5m wide road
for two-way traffic
road Parking spaces 2.5m wide
Parking space 2.50m wide
90 DEGREE PARKING
450 oblique parking, one- 450 angled parking, one- Parking for one-way traffic
way traffic only way traffic only (with spaces for plants)
300 oblique spaces, easy entry
600 angled parking 600 angled parking, one-way
and exit, but for use only with
one-way traffic only traffic
one-way traffic
OBLIQUE PARKING LAYOUT
STOP RAILS AND BUFFERS
OVERHANGING STRIP
Typical section through overhanging strip
Car park overhang strips reduce the cost of hard surfaces and limit damage to the surrounding planting
Possible column positions, parking at 900 to access lane
MOTOR CYCLE PARKING AREA
RAMP
• The width of the ramp
should be no less than
3.65m for a single ramp
and 7.0m for a double
ramp.
• Change of gradient on ramps

RAMP BREAK OVER ANGLE
Angle of Departure
• Max 10 degree
To reduce incident of tailpipe and refer bumping dragging.
Angle of Approach
• Max 15 degree
With smaller radius of ramps, larger lane widths
TYPES OF RAMPS / FLOORS
STANDARDS OF PARKING: Equivalent Car Space (ECS) for different Vehicles
STANDARDS OF PARKING: Standards ECS based on Land Use Type
Permissible ECS for different land uses
Parking standards are prescribed in above table, however, where it is not prescribed; it will be followed as given in Table
STANDARDS OF PARKING: Space Standards for Parking
For the provision of car parking space, the space standards shall be given:
Parking for Hilly Areas

Parking Norms - One car parking space / garage for each dwelling unit should be provided in residential buildings.
For institutional buildings, one floor exclusively for parking of vehicles should be compulsory.
STANDARDS OF PARKING: ECS according to Building Use (PUDA)
NOTE:
➢ Parking on stilts shall not be counted towards F.A.R. and Maximum permissible height shall be 8’-6”.
Notes :-
➢ The minimum parking area shall be 2 ECS for every 100 sq. m/ 120 sq. yds constructed area .
STANDARDS OF PARKING: Parking Space
MCQ
As per URDPFI guidelines, the number of ECS required to accommodate ten cars, sixteen scooters and forty bicycles will be
a) 18 b) 20 c) 22 d) 15
MCQ
A neighbourhood has 250 units of 80 sq mt each and 200 units of 100 sq mt each. If mandatory car parking is 1 per 100 sq.mt, then
the total area(sq. mt) required for parking considering 30% additional area for circulation is
a) 6240
b) 7240
c) 5240
d) 4240
Solution:
Total built up space = (250 x 80) + (200 x 100) = 40,000 sq. m
One parking space per 100 sq. m, so no of parking space required = 40,000/100 = 400
@ 12 sq. m per car, total area = 12 x 400 = 4800 and add 30% additional circulation area
4800 + (4800 x 30/100) = 6240 sq. m
MCQ
As per the IRC standards, the minimum width (in m) of two lane urban carriageway without a raised kerb is
a) 6
b) 6.5
c) 7
d) 8
a) 6 b) 6.5 c) 7 d) 8
MCQ
Arrange the following in ascending order of width
P. Collector road
Q. Arterial road
R. Local street
S. Sub- arterial road
a) P,Q, S,R b) R, P, S, Q c) Q, S, R, P d) Q, S, P, R

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PARKING STANDARDS & ECS CALCULATIONS

LECTURE 09 on AR 210: Building Codes and Regulations

Types of vehicle Length (m) Width (m) Minimum

• Roof Top Parking

• This will be usually controlled by government agencies itself.

OFF STREET PARKING

Minimum Area of plot:

Minimum number of car parking spaces: 50

• It is limited to 5 till 6 stories with the total capacity

• Apply multiple access and exit system to avoid

• one WC, two urinals and two washbasins for

• At least one accessible toilet complying with the

• Provision for driver's rest room for non-residential

b) A podium, if provided with ramp, may be

c) In case a podium is not provided with ramp, but

4) Ramp slope shall be maximum 1 in 8.

5) After a 40 m length of continuous ramp, a flat surface of

6) If podium is accessible to fire tender, minimum 7.5 m wide ramp

Typical section through overhanging strip

• Change of gradient on ramps

Parking for Hilly Areas

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