Force: Chapter Out Line

CBSE : Class - VIII PHYSICS
1 Force
Chapter Out Line

Nail
 Force
Spring
 Balanced and unbalanced force
Force
Nail
 Contact and non-contact force
 Gravitational force Compressed spring

Force
 Electrostatic force Nail
 Magnetic force Stretched spring

Force changes the shape of objects
 Mass and weight
Ring
Metal tube
0 Normal force exerted by table on book
10
20
Spiral spring 30
Pointer 40
50
60 Normal force exerted by book on table
70
Applied force
Frictional force
Load
Spring balance Block kept on table
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MIND MAP
FORCE
Push or Pull
Effect of Force Balance Force Unbalance Force

Shape can change Resultant force is zero Resultant force is non-zero
Velocity can change
Mass (m) Weight (mg)

Quantity of matter Earth attraction force
Always constant Depends on gravity acceleration
Measure by Beam Balance Measure by Spring Balance
Scalar quantity Vector quantity
Contact Force Non contact Force

Friction force Gravitational force
Viscous force Electrostatic force
Normal force Magnetic force
Muscular force
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EFFECTS OF FORCE
To define force first of all one has to see the effects of force. By ‘effects of force’ we mean what force
can do or what changes a force can bring about.
Force can set a stationary object in motion :
When force is applied to a stationary object, it can make it move. For example, if you push a book
placed on a table, it starts moving. When you pull a chair, it starts moving. When you push a
handcart, it starts moving.
However, it is not necessary that force always makes a stationary body move. For example, if you try
to push the wall of your classroom, it will not move. For that matter even if all the boys in your class
push the wall, it will not move. The reason is that the force applied by all of you is not sufficient to
move the wall.
Force can stop the moving objects or slow them down :

Imagine your friend is riding a bicycle. If you pull his bicycle from behind, it is going to slow down.
It means that if you apply a force in the direction opposite to the direction of the moving body, the
body slows down.
Similarly, if we apply brakes to a moving bicycle, it first slows down and then stops. We ourselves
have to apply force to stop our bodies while running. A cricket ball is stopped by a player by applying
a force in the direction opposite to that of the ball.
From the above examples, it is clear that a force may stop a moving body or may reduce the speed of
the moving body.
Force can change the direction of moving objects:
When a cricket player hits the ball with a bat, his force changes the speed as well as the direction of
the ball. Similarly, a football player changes the direction of a moving ball by angling his foot. You
change the direction of your moving bicycle by applying force on its handle in the desired direction.
Force can change the direction of a ball
Force can change the shape of objects :

Imagine a spring fixed in a wall with a nail. When we pull the spring, it gets stretched and hence, its
shape changes, Similarly, when we crumple a paper, its shape changes. Thus by applying force, we
can change the shape of object.
Nail
Spring
Force
Nail
Compressed spring
Force
Nail
Stretched spring
Force changes the shape of objects
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DEFINITION OF FORCE
Based on the effects of force, it may be defined as:
Force is a pull or push, which changes or tends to change the state of rest or of uniform motion of a
body or changes its direction or shape.
Mathematical Representation of Force :
Mathematically, force F is equal to the product of mass, m of a body and acceleration a, produced in
the body due to that force.
i.e. F = ma
Where a = final velocity – initial velocity/time
(b) Units of Force :
(i) In C.G.S. system :
F = ma gram × cm/s2 = dyne
If m = 1 gram, a = 1 cm/s2, then F = 1 dyne
When a force is applied on a 1 gram body and the acceleration produced in the body is 1 cm/s 2 then
the force acting on the body will be one dyne.
(ii) In S.I. system :
F = ma kg × m/s2 = Newton
If m = 1 kg and a = 1 m/s2 then by F = ma,
F = 1 × 1 = 1 kg × m/s2 = 1 Newton.
If a force is applied on a body of mass 1 kg and acceleration produced in the body is 1 m/s 2 then the
force acting on the body will be one Newton.
Relationship between the newton and dyne
1 N = 1 kg × 1 m s–2
= 1000 g × 100 cm s–2
= 100000 g cm s–2 = 105 dyne
Thus 1 N = 105 dyne
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Calculate the force required to produce an acceleration of 5 m/s2 in a body of mass 2.4 kg.
Sol. We know that force = mass × acceleration
= 2.4 kg × 5 m/s2 = 12.0N
2. A force acts for 0.2 s on a body of mass 2.5 kg initially at rest. The force then ceases to act and
the body moves through 4m in the next one second. Calculate the magnitude of force.
Sol. When the force ceases to act, the body will move with a constant velocity. Since it moves a
distance of 4 m in 1 s, therefore, its uniform velocity = 4m/s.
Now, initial velocity, u = 0
Final velocity, v = 4 m/s
Time interval t = 0.2 s
vu 40
 Acceleration, a   = 20m/s2
t 0.2
From the relation,
F = ma, we get
Force, F = 2.5 × 20 = 50 N
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3. A ball of mass 20 gm is initially moving with a velocity of 100 m/s. On applying a constant force
on the ball for 0.5s, it acquires a velocity of 150 m/s. Calculate the following :
(i) Acceleration of the ball
(ii) Magnitude of the force applied
Sol. Given, m = 20 gm = kg = 0.02 kg
Initial velocity, u = 100 m/s
Time interval, t = 0.5 s
Final velocity, v = 150 m/s
v  u 150  100
(i) Acceleration, a   = 100ms –2
t 0.5
(ii) Force, F = mass × acceleration
= 0.02 × 100 = 2.0 N
4. A cricket ball of mass 200 gm moving with a speed of 40 m/s is brought to rest by a player in
0.04s. Calculate the average force applied by the player.
200
Sol. Mass, m = 200 gm = kg = 0.2 kg
1000
Initial velocity, u = 40 m/s
Final velocity, v = 0
Time, t = 0.04s
Change in momentum 8.0
Average force =  = – 200 N
Time 0.04
(The negative sign shows that the force is applied in a direction opposite to the direction of
motion of the ball).
5. A motorcycle is moving with a velocity of 108 km/hr and it takes 5 s to stop it after the brakes are applied.
Calculate the force exerted by the brakes on the motorcycle if its mass along with the rider is 250 kg.
Sol. Given that initial velocity of the motorcycle = 108 km/hr = 30 m/s
Final velocity = 0 m/s
Time taken to stop = 5s, the mass of the motorcycle with rider = 250 kg.
The change in the velocity of the motorcycle in 5s = 0 – 30 = –30 m/s
30 2
Therefore, the acceleration of the motorcycle, a   6 m/s
5
The magnitude of the force applied by the brakes is given by the equation,
F = mass × acceleration
= 250 kg × (6)m/s2 = 1500 N
6. A force produces an acceleration of 5.0 cm/s2 in a body of mass 20g. Then find out the force
acting on the body in Newton.
Sol. Acceleration of the body, a = 5cm/s2 = 0.05 m/s2
Mass of the body, m = 20 g = 0.02 kg
F = ma
–3
 F = 0.05 × 0.02 = 10 N
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7. A force of 15 N acts on a body of mass 5 kg for 2s. What is the change in velocity of body?
Sol. Given : F = 15 N , t = 2s, m = 5 kg
F = ma
F 15
a= = = 3 m/s2
m 5
vu
a=  v – u = at = 3 × 2 = 6m/s
t
BALANCED AND UNBALANCED FORCES
A number of forces acting on an object may either be balanced or unbalanced.
Balanced Forces: If a number of forces acting on an object does not produce any change in its state
of rest or uniform motion or direction of motion then, they are called as balanced forces.
For example
(i) A person holding a briefcase in hand.
(ii) A book resting on table.
(iii) Squeezing a lemon etc.
Unbalanced Forces : If a number of forces acting on an object produce a change in its state of rest or
uniform motion or direction of motion, then they are termed as unbalanced forces:
For example
(i) A briefcase released from a persons hand.
(ii) A stone dropped etc.
RESULTANT FORCE
If a number of forces act on an object then a single force that produces same change in the state of
rest or motion is called as resultant force.
For example, if a number of people push a large almirah and the same almirah can also be pushed by
a single person then the force of this single person is the resultant force of all these people.
If two forces act on an object in the same direction then the resultant force is obtain by adding them.
If two forces act on an object in the opposite direction then the resultant force is obtain by subtracting
them.
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 If resultant force is zero it means either object is in rest or in uniform motion.
TYPES OF FORCES
Types of force
Contact force Non-Contact force

Contact Force :
Force which acts on a body only when the body is in contact with another body (exerting force), the
force is known as contact force.
Types of contact force :
(i) Normal force (ii) Force of friction (iii) Muscular force
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 Normal force :
If contact forces between the bodies is perpendicular to the surface in contact, then the forces are
known as normal forces.
Eg. : Consider a book on a table. The table pushes the book upwards and book pushes the table
downwards, these forces are perpendicular to the surfaces of book and table. Thus the table applies a
normal forces on book in the upward direction and book applies a normal force on table in downward
direction.
 Force of friction :
Two bodies placed in contact can also exert forces parallel to the surfaces in contact, such a force is
called force of friction or simply friction. It always opposes relative motion of object.
 Muscular force :
This is the force we can exert with our bodies by using our muscles, e.g. pull, push, kick, etc.. Such
forces are also called mechanical forces. These are contact forces.
Muscular or mechanical forces
Non-Contact force :
Force which acts on a body when the body is not in contact with another body (exerting force), force
is known as non-contact force.
Types of non-contact force :
(i) Gravitational force (ii) Electrostatic force (iii) Magnetic force
 Gravitational force :
Newton said that every object in this universe attracts every other object with a certain force. The
force with which two objects attract each other is called the force of gravitation. The force of
gravitation acts even if the two objects are not connected by any means. If, however, the masses of
the objects are small, the force of gravitation between them is small and cannot be detected easily.
The force of attraction between any two particles in the universe is called gravitation or gravitational
force.
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(i) Force of gravity :
The earth attracts all the bodies towards its centre. The force exerted by the earth on the body is
known as weight of the body or force of gravity. It acts in vertically downward direction.
If mass of the body is m and acceleration due to gravity is g. Then force of gravity or weight = mg
The value of g is 9.8 m/s2. For a body moving downward, g is taken as positive while for a body
moving upward, g is taken as negative.
Can you think why ?

 Why two object does not attract to each other on the surface of the earth?
 (ii) Gravitational units of force:

The force due to gravity on a body of mass m at a place where acceleration due to gravity is g, is
given as
F = mg
The above relation can be used to define the gravitational units of force.
In M.K.S. system , the unit of force is the kilogram force (kgf).
One kilogram force is the force due to gravity on a mass of 1 kilogram.
Thus,
1 kgf = force due to gravity on a mass of 1 kg = 1 kg mass × acceleration due to gravity g (ms–2) =
g newton.
Since the average value of g is 9.8 m s–2,
1 kgf = 9.8 newton (or 9.8N)
In C.G.S. system, the gravitational unit of force is the gram force (gf)
One gram force is the force due to gravity on a mass of 1 gram.
Thus,
1 gf = force due to gravity on a mass of 1 g
= 1g mass × acceleration due to gravity g (cms–2)
= g dyne
Since the average value of g is 980 cms–2,
1 gf = 980 dyne
Further, 1 kgf = 1000 gf
To an approximation 1 kgf can be treated to be nearly equal to 10 N. Then
1 N = 0.1 kgf or 1 N = 100 gf.
ILLUSTRATIONS
8. Find out the weight of an object of mass 25kg in Newton, dyne, kgf and gf. (g=10 m /s2).
Sol. mass = 25 kg, weight = mg
W = 25×10= 250 N
=250×105 dyne (1N = 105 dyne)
=250/10 =25 kgf (1kgf = 10 N)
= 25×1000 =25000gf (1kgf = 1000 gf)
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SPRING BALANCE
Spring balance is a device used for measuring the force acting on an object. It consists of a coiled
spring which gets stretched when a force is applied to it. Stretching of the spring is measured by a
pointer moving on a graduated scale. The reading on the scale gives the magnitude of the force.
  Electrostatic force :
The force exerted by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body is known as
electrostatic force.
When a plastic comb is rubbed with silk, it can pick up small bits of paper . This is because the
comb acquires an electric charge because of which it can exert a force called electrostatic force.
Electrostatic force can also act from a distance and is therefore a non contact force. A body with
electrostatic charge can either attract or repel another charged body. Electrostatic force is used to
separate solid pollutant particles from smoke given out from factories.
Electrostatic force
 Magnetic force :
A magnet attracts iron filings, nails and other objects made of iron, steel, nickel and cobalt.
Magnets exert forces of attraction or repulsion on other magnets. An important feature of
magnetic force is that it can act from a distance and is therefore a non–contact force.
magnet
steel pins
Magnetic force
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 Earth behave like a natural magnet.
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Important note :
So far, we know of only four fundamental forces in the universe. They are gravitational force,
electromagnetic force, weak force and strong interactions. We are familiar with the first two. Weak forces
come into play during radioactivity. Strong interactions are responsible for holding the nucleus of an atom
together. All other forces are manifestations of these fundamental forces. For example, forces such as
friction between bodies, muscular action, etc. viewed on an atomic scale arise chiefly from electrical
attraction and repulsion of the electrons and nuclei making up the atoms of the material.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MASS AND WEIGHT
Mass Weight
(i) It is the force with which a
(i) It is the quantity of matter
body is attracted towards the
possessed by a body. It is
centre of the earth. It is
represented by m.
represented by W = mg.
(ii) A mass is a constant
(ii) It varies from place to place
quantity and is same
due to variation in value of g.
(for a body) everywhere.
(iii) A body has zero weight at
(iii) Mass is never zero.
the centre(g = 0) of the earth .
(iv) Its unit is kg. (iv) Its unit is Newton.
(v) It is a scalar quantity. (v) It is a vector quantity.
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FORCE : WORKSHEET-1
Single Choice Correct Questions
1. A force may :
(1) change the state of rest (2) change the state of uniform motion
(3) change the direction of motion (4) all of these
2. SI unit of force is :
(1) Dyne (2) Newton (3) gf (4) can’t say
3. Force is a :
(1) Vector quantity (2) Scalar quantity (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) None of these
4. On drawing water from a well, a force of ………….. is applied on the rope.
(1) pull (2) push (3) push or pull (4) none of these
5. Balanced forces may change ....................................... of a body :
(1) State of rest (2) State of uniform motion
(3) Shape or size (4) Direction of motion
6. A minus sign of force implies that the
(1) force is exerted on some other object.
(2) force is in opposite direction to that of the motion.
(3) force is in the same direction to that of the motion.
(4) gravitational force is acting on the object.
7. A body is said to be under balanced forces when the resultant force acting on the body is :
(1) Unity (2) Zero (3) Infinite (4) None of these
8. When a cricket ball strikes the stumps, a force of _____________ uproots the stumps.
(1) pull (2) push (3) push or pull (4) can’t say
9. .....................................forces act on a freely falling body:
(1) Balanced (2) Unbalanced (3) Both (1) and (2) (4) Magnetic
10. The ratio of force acting perpendicularly on an area to the magnitude of area, gives the
(1)pressure (2)force (3)volume (4) density
11. Which of the following is a contact force :
(1) frictional force (2) magnetic force (3) electric force (4) can’t say
12. Which of the following is a non contact force :
(1) magnetic force (2) frictional force (3) impact force (4) none of these
13. A magnet attracting iron pins is an example of :
(1) magnetic force (2) electric force (3) frictional force (4) none of these
14. Which of the following is action–at–a–distance force :
(1) muscular force (2) frictional force (3) magnetic force (4) none of these
15. The force exerted between two object by virtue of their masses is :
(1) magnetic force (2) electrostatic force (3) gravitational force (4) frictional force
16. When Harsh shake hand with Kabeer the kind of force exert between their hands is,
(1) Gravitational force (2) Weak force
(3) Electromagnetic force (4) Nuclear force
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17. If a rock is brought from the surface of the moon to the earth.
(1) Its mass will change (2) Its weight will change, but not mass.
(3) Both mass and weight will change. (4) Its mass and weight will remain the same.
18. Astronauts wear special suits while floating in space due to
(1) presence of atmospheric pressure. (2) absence of atmospheric pressure.
(3) presence of gravitational force. (4) absence of gravitational force.
19. Frictional force acts in the direction
(1) of applied force (2) of the motion
(3) opposite to the direction of motion. (4) perpendicular to the motion.
20. In a tug-of-war, when two teams pull equally hard, the rope
(1) moves towards the first team. (2) moves towards the second team.
(3) remains stationary (4) breaks
21. Which of the following is the action-at-distance force?
(1) spring force (2) frictional force
(3) gravitational force (4) mechanical force
22. The force exerted by one object on another by virtue of their masses is
(1) magnetic force (2) electrostatic force
(3) gravitational force (4) frictional force
23. A spring balance is used for measuring
(1) weight (2) speed (3) acceleration (4) mass
24. A force applied on a moving body may
(1) bring it to rest (2) increase its speed
(3) decrease the speed (4) all of the above
25. Earth always pulls everything towards it due to
(1) muscular force (2) mechanical force
(3) gravitational force (4) electrostatic force
26. A cart being carried by a horse is an example of
(1) muscular force (2) mechanical force
(3) gravitational force (4) electrostatic force
27. If you press an inflated balloon, it deforms due to a type of
(1) contact force (2) non-contact force
(3) gravitational force (4) none of these
28. Force exerted by the muscles is known as
(1) mechanical force (2) gravitational force
(3) electrostatic force (4) muscular force
29. A force when applied brings change in –
(1) Direction of motion of the body (2) Speed of moving body
(3) Shape of the body (4) all of the above
30. The force responsible for the wearing out of the car wheel is –
(1) Frictional force (2) Gravitational force (3) Magnetic force (4) Muscular force
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31. The force you will use to collect the iron nails scattered on a sandy ground is –
(1) Frictional force (2) Gravitational force
(3) Magnetic force (4) None of these
32. A contact force cannot act through
(1) empty space (2) touching
(3) touching with a metal rod (4) touching with a wooden rod
Multiple Choice Correct Questions
33. A force may :
(1) change the state of rest (2) change the state of uniform motion
(3) change the direction of motion (4) None of these
34. A unit of force is :
(1) Dyne (2) Newton (3) gf (4) can’t say
35. Which of the following is a contact force :
(1) frictional force (2) magnetic force (3) electric force (4) muscular force
36. Which of the following is action–at–a–distance force :
(1) muscular force (2) frictional force (3) magnetic force (4) gravitational force
37. 1 dyne is equal to :
1
(1) 980 g wt (2) 980 kg wt (3) g wt (4) 10–5 N
980
Statement Type Questions
38. Statement I : A body at rest or a body in uniform motion is always in equilibrium
Statement II : No net forces act on a body in equilibrium
(1) Both statements I and II are correct.
(2) Both statements I and II are incorrect.
(3) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect.
(4) Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct.
39. Statement I : Particle always moves in the direction of force.
Statement II : If particle is initially at rest then it moves in direction of net force.
40. Statement I : Force is required to move a body uniformly along a circle.
Statement II : When the body is too light
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Paragraph Based Questions
41. Paragraph-1
When three forces F1, F2 and F3 act simultaneously in the same direction on a body, the net force on the
body is 20 units. When the direction of F3 is reversed the net force on the body is 10 units. If F1 and F2
act simultaneously in the same direction, then the net force on the body is 15 units. When F1 & F2 act
opposite each other simultaneously on the body the net force is 5 units.
(i) What is magnitude of the F1.
(1) 8 units (2) 2 units (3) 10 units (4) 5 units
(ii) What is magnitude of the F2.
(iii) Find the net force on the body when only F1 and F3 act simultaneously in the same direction on
the body.
42. Paragraph-2
The mass of an object is 60 kg on the surface of the earth. Gravitational acceleration on the earth
is 10 m/s2. And gravitational acceleration due to the moon is 1.67 m/s2..
(i) Weight of object on the earth?
(1) 600 N (2) 300 N (3) 200 N (4) 100 N
(ii) Weight of object on the moon?
(1) 600 N (2) 300N (3) 200 N (4) 100 N
(iii) Mass of object on the moon?
(1) 30 kg (2) 40 kg (3) 10 kg (4) 60 kg
Fill in the Blanks
43. (i) To draw water from a well we have to ………………..at the rope.
(ii) A charged body ……………… an uncharged body towards it.
(iii) To move a loaded trolley we have to ……………. it.
(iv) The north pole of a magnet ……………… the north pole of another magnet.
(v) CGS unit of force is …… ……………….
True or False
44. (i) Gravitational force is a type of contact force. [ ]
(ii) Mass of a body is never zero. [ ]
(iii) Weight of a body remains same always. [ ]
2
(iv) Newton and kg-m/s both are the units of force. [ ]
(v) Normal force is a contact force. [ ]
Column Matching Questions
45. Column-I Column-II
(i) Falling object is the example of (a) friction force
(ii) CGS unit for force (b) non-contact Force
(iii) Muscular force is (c) dyne
(iv) Force which oppose the relative motion (d) gravitational force
(v) electrostatic force is (e) contact force
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FORCE : WORKSHEET-2
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Define force.
2. How many objects should be present for a force to come into play ?
3. Two friends A and B are applying a force of 2 newton and 4 newton on a box in the same
direction. What will be the total force applied by them ?
4. In a tug of war, side A applies 10 newton force and side B applies 8 newton force. Which side
will the rope move ?
5. What happens to the speed of a body when a force is applied ?
6. Can we change the direction of the moving object by applying a force ?
7. Is it possible that a force changes the direction of motion but not the speed of an object ?
8. Give an example to show that force can change the shape of an object.
9. What is meant by contact force ?
10. Write the SI and CGS unit of force.
Short Answer Type Questions
11. Give two examples each of situations in which you push or pull to change the state of motion of
objects.
12. Give two examples each of situations in which applied force causes a change in the shape of an
object.
13. If the force is applied opposite to the motion, what will happen to the speed of the object?
14. State the two factors which describe the state of motion of an object.
15. How do the mud particles fly off the wheel of a vehicle moving on the wet road ?
16. What are the different types of non contact forces.
17. Force can change the direction of a moving body. Explain with the help of some examples.
18. what are Balanced and Unbalanced Forces.
19. A force can change the shape of object. Explain.
20. Differentiate between contact and non-contact force.
Long Answer Type Questions
21. Name the forces acting on a plastic bucket containing water held above ground level in your hand.
Discuss why the forces acting on the bucket do not bring a change in its state of motion.
22. (a) What is weight ?
(b) What is the unit of weight ?
(c) Name the device used for measuring the weight of an object.
(d) Can weight be taken as a measure of force ?
23. Name the type of force in the following cases.
(a) Raindrops falling on the earth. (b) Holding a book on your hand.
(c) Running a comb through your dry hair. (d) A bar magnet suspended freely.
(e) Bullocks ploughing the field.
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–2
24. When a force of 40 N is applied on a body, it moves with an acceleration of 5 ms . Calculate the
mass of the body.
–1 –1
25. It is required to increase the velocity of a scooter of mass 80 kg from 5 ms to 25 ms in 2
second. Calculate the force required.
26. A car of mass 1000 kg is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s and is acted upon by a forward force
of 1000 N due to engine and retarding force of 500 N. Calculate the velocity after 10 seconds.
27. A car of mass 500 kg is starts from rest and is acted upon by a forward force of 200 N due to
engine and retarding force of 50 N. Calculate the velocity after 5 seconds.
28. An inflated balloon was pressed against a wall after it has been rubbed with a piece of synthetic
cloth. It was found that the balloon sticks to the wall. What force might be responsible for the
attraction between the balloon and the wall?
29. A rocket has been fired upwards to launch a satellite in its orbit. Name the two forces acting on
the rocket immediately after leaving the launching pad.
30. State the effect of the force-
(i) squeezing a lemon (ii) taking out paste from a toothpaste tube.
(iii) a lump of dough on a plate. (iv) hit a ball by a cricket player with bat.
(v) brakes is applied to a moving car
HOTS & Value Based Questions
31. Convert 350 dyne into newton.

32. A body is moving with velocity 10 m/s and a force of 5N is applied in the direction of motion and
two other forces of 3N and 2N are applied opposite to its motion find the acceleration of the
moving body.
33. A force F1 acting on a body of mass 2 kg produces an acceleration of 2.5 m/s2. Other force F2
F2
acting on the another body of mass 5 kg produces an acceleration of 2 m/s2. Find the ratio .
F1
34. Calculate the weight of 1 Kg mass.
35. Force required to lift slowly a 10000 gm mass vertically against gravity of earth.
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ANSWER KEY
WORKSHEET-1
1. (4) 2. (2) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (3) 6. (2) 7. (2)
8. (2) 9. (2) 10. (1) 11. (1) 12. (1) 13. (1) 14. (3)
15. (3) 16. (3) 17. (2) 18. (2) 19. (3) 20. (3) 21. (3)
22. (3) 23. (4) 24. (4) 25. (3) 26. (1) 27. (1) 28. (4)
29. (4) 30. (1) 31. (3) 32. (1) 33. (1,2,3) 34. (1,2,3) 35. (1,4)
36. (3,4) 37. (3,4) 38. (3) 39. (1) 40. (1)
41. (i)-(3) (ii)-(4) (iii)-(4)
42. (i)-(1) (ii)-(4) (iii)-(4)
43. (i) pull (ii) attracts (iii) push (iv) Repel (v) dyne
44. (i) False (ii) True (iii) False (iv) True (v) True
45. (i)(d), (ii)(c), (iii)(e), (iv)(a), (v)(b)
WORKSHEET - 2
31. 35 × 10–4 N 32. 0 33. 2 34. 9.8 N 35. 98 N
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Force: Chapter Out Line

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CBSE : Class - VIII PHYSICS

Chapter Out Line

 Gravitational force Compressed spring

 Magnetic force Stretched spring

Spring balance Block kept on table

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Effect of Force Balance Force Unbalance Force

Mass (m) Weight (mg)

Contact Force Non contact Force

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Force can stop the moving objects or slow them down :

Force can change the direction of a ball

Force can change the shape of objects :

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Contact force Non-Contact force

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Muscular or mechanical forces

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Can you think why ?

 (ii) Gravitational units of force:

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MASS AND WEIGHT

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31. Convert 350 dyne into newton.

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41. (i)-(3) (ii)-(4) (iii)-(4)

42. (i)-(1) (ii)-(4) (iii)-(4)

45. (i)(d), (ii)(c), (iii)(e), (iv)(a), (v)(b)

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