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    Grade+8+-+P E +&+health

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    auxiee yvie
    The document provides information about physical education, softball rules and skills, and the prevention and control of communicable diseases. It discusses softball, including that it is similar to baseball but played on a smaller field with a larger ball. It outlines the basic rules and skills used in softball like throwing, fielding, batting, and catching. It also discusses the stages of infection, common communicable diseases in the Philippines like respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and methods to prevent the spread of diseases through hygiene and vaccination.

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    Grade+8+-+P E +&+health

    Uploaded by

    auxiee yvie
    33 views42 pages
    The document provides information about physical education, softball rules and skills, and the prevention and control of communicable diseases. It discusses softball, including that it is similar to baseball but played on a smaller field with a larger ball. It outlines the basic rules and skills used in softball like throwing, fielding, batting, and catching. It also discusses the stages of infection, common communicable diseases in the Philippines like respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and methods to prevent the spread of diseases through hygiene and vaccination.

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    Grade+8+-+P.E.+&+Health

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    The document provides information about physical education, softball rules and skills, and the prevention and control of communicable diseases. It discusses softball, including that it is similar to baseball but played on a smaller field with a larger ball. It outlines the basic rules and skills used in softball like throwing, fielding, batting, and catching. It also discusses the stages of infection, common communicable diseases in the Philippines like respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and methods to prevent the spread of diseases through hygiene and vaccination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views42 pages

    Grade+8+-+P E +&+health

    Uploaded by

    auxiee yvie
    The document provides information about physical education, softball rules and skills, and the prevention and control of communicable diseases. It discusses softball, including that it is similar to baseball but played on a smaller field with a larger ball. It outlines the basic rules and skills used in softball like throwing, fielding, batting, and catching. It also discusses the stages of infection, common communicable diseases in the Philippines like respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and methods to prevent the spread of diseases through hygiene and vaccination.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 42

    PHYSICAL

    EDUCATION
    8
    Teacher: V Fonclara
    PRAYER
    Fitness components
    set to team sports
    Speed - the ability to perform a task and cover a distance in the
    shortest time possible. Having a greater speed helps a player
    carry out his/her task efficiently.

    Reaction time - the amount of time it takes to make physical


    response to a stimulus. This gives you opportunity to perform
    the necessary skills when that opportunity comes.
    SOFTBALL
    Softball is a game similar to baseball but played on
    a smaller diamond area and uses a larger ball than
    the latter. The objective of the game is to score
    more runs than the opposing team after the end of
    the game.

    Softball is a game adapted from baseball.


    1887 - developed in Chicago
    Other names given to this sport are; indoor
    baseball, soft bund ball, mush ball, kitten ball
    (played by women)
    1926 - earned the name softball
    SOFTBALL - BASIC RULES

    The ball is pitched during suspension of the game.


    The runner leaves the base soon.
    The return pitch is made quickly.
    The ball slips from pitcher's hand.
    The pitching arc is less than six or more than ten feet.
    SKILLS USED IN SOFTBALL

    Throwing - the act of passing the ball to a teammate.


    2 Types:
    Underhand - below the shoulder level.
    Overhead- swinging your arm just above the shoulder.
    SKILLS USED IN SOFTBALL
    Fielding - the defensive act of catching the ball after a successful
    hit was made.
    Batting - the act of hitting the ball by swinging the arms
    backward and hitting the incoming ball by swinging it again
    toward the area of the ball origin.
    Catching - the process of receiving the ball from a pitch or throw.

    EQUIPMENT USED IN
    SOFTBALL
    b
    a
    l
    l

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    v
    e
    s
    B
    A
    T

    g
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    a
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    s

    p
    l
    A
    a
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    g
    HEALTH
    EDUCATION
    8
    Teacher: V Fonclara
    PREVENTION AND
    CONTROL OF DISEASES
    AND DISORDERS

    INFECTION

    Infection is a condition in which pathogens such as bacteria,


    viruses, fungi, and protozoans enter the body and multiply. The
    infection may result in tissue injury and even progress into a
    disease.
    Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms. Pathogens work
    in different ways which may result in diseases or illnesses. The
    process of pathogens' invasion and the immune systems'
    reactions undergo several stages.
    WHAT ARE THE STAGES
    OF INFECTION?

    Incubation stage Prodromal stage



    is the time between the is the time when the signs and
    exposure to a pathogen and symptoms of the disease start
    the appearance of symptoms. to appear. During this stage,
    Incubation periods vary the body reacts to the presence
    depending on the type of of pathogen.
    pathogen.
    Acute stage DECLINING stage

    is the period when the disease is the period when symptoms


    is at its peak and that the signs start to subside and the
    and symptoms can be severity of the disease
    clinically used or tested to declines. The infection is still
    diagnose the disease. present but is now reduced.
    Convalescent stage

    is the stage in which the symptoms


    of the disease begin to fade and the
    patient recovers his/her health and
    strength.
    Leading causes of
    morbidity and mortality
    in the philippines

    What is morbidity and mortality?


    Morbidity refers to the disease state or the "quality of being


    unhealthful" of an individual. It is also a term used to describe
    how often a disease occurs in a specific area.

    Mortality refers to the condition of being subject to death. This


    may also refer to the number of deaths in a population.
    COMMUNICABLE
    DISEASES

    wHAT IS A COMMUNICABLE
    DISEASE?
    Communicable disease or infectious disease refers to any
    illness that can be passed or transmitted from one person
    to another, directly or indirectly, or through carriers
    called vectors.
    Epidemics or pandemics may result if the spread of a
    certain disease will not be controlled.

    Epidemic - refers to the rapid spread of infectious disease


    to many people.

    Pandemic - occurs when there is a global disease outbreak.


    Communicable diseases may spread
    through any of the following:
    Direct Transmission - This is done through direct person-to-
    person contacts such as kissing, touching, blood transfusions, or
    sexual intercourse.

    Indirect Transmission - This occurs when the pathogen is


    transferred from one person to another indirectly such as by
    touching objects.
    Airborne Transmission - This occurs when pathogens such as
    viruses or bacteria are transferred from one person to another
    through small respiratory droplets or dust.

    Vector-borne Transmission - This occurs when the pathogen is


    being transferred through carriers or vectors like insects such
    as flies, mosquitoes and fleas, or other animals.
    common Communicable
    diseases in the philippines
    Acute Respiratory Infections - infection in the upper or lower
    respiratory tract that prevents normal breathing.

    Pneumonia - infection of the lungs wherein the air sac or alveoli


    are filled with pus and fluid which limit oxygen intake.

    Bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the air


    passages between the nose and the lungs.
    Influenza (flu) - a highly contagious viral infection affecting the
    respiratory system.

    Tuberculosis - an infectious bacterial disease that commonly


    affects the lungs.

    Dengue - a mosquito-borne disease mostly occurring in tropical


    and subtropical areas.
    PREVENTION OF Communicable
    diseases
    The following are personal health habits that you may observe
    to prevent you from acquiring or spreading diseases:

    Wash your hands regularly.


    Avoid sharing personal belongings.
    Stay and rest at home when sick.
    Handle and prepare food hygienically.
    Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
    Avoid touching animals that may bring diseases.
    Make sure you get vaccinated.
    Properly disinfect and clean surfaces like toilet bowls, sinks, etc.
    Aside from WASHCAMP, we actually have our own defenses
    against infection. These are classified as follows:

    Mechanical Defenses - They initially protect us from the possible


    source of any cause of infection, be it internal or external.

    Biochemical Defenses - These refer to the body's immune system


    to fight against specific types of bacterial, viral, or fungal
    infections. These may be natural or acquired immunity.
    Acquired immunity - involves some blood cells that have acquired
    the ability to recognize and destroy specific agents of infection.

    Actively acquired immunity - develops when your body produces


    antibodies that will destroy antigens and the toxins they release.

    Artificially acquired immunity - is the process of vaccination or


    immunization.

    Passively acquired immunity - a person is given an injection with


    antibodies that provides temporary immunity to an infection.
    thank you, class!

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