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Ae Exp 9 To Design Monostable Multivibrators Using 555 Ic

This document provides instructions for an experiment to design and test monostable multivibrators using the 555 timer integrated circuit. Students will build monostable multivibrator circuits using 555 ICs, external resistors and capacitors. They will observe the output waveforms on an oscilloscope and measure the pulse widths both theoretically, using the timing equation, and practically, to verify the circuit operation and timing characteristics. Students will record their observations and calculations in a table and draw a conclusion.

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Priyanshu Kumawat
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152 views

Ae Exp 9 To Design Monostable Multivibrators Using 555 Ic

This document provides instructions for an experiment to design and test monostable multivibrators using the 555 timer integrated circuit. Students will build monostable multivibrator circuits using 555 ICs, external resistors and capacitors. They will observe the output waveforms on an oscilloscope and measure the pulse widths both theoretically, using the timing equation, and practically, to verify the circuit operation and timing characteristics. Students will record their observations and calculations in a table and draw a conclusion.

Uploaded by

Priyanshu Kumawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBJECT: TITLE:

ANALOG ELECTRONICS
TO DESIGN/BUILD MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS
(2130902)
USING 555 IC AND VERIFY THEIR OPERATION USING
MEASUREMENTS BY OBSERVING WAVEFORMS.
DOC. CODE : DIET/EE/3rd SEM
EXPERIMENT NO. 09 DATE :
REV. NO. : 1.00/JUNE-2015

AIM:

To design/build monostable multivibrators using 555 IC and verify their operation using measurements
by observing waveforms.

APPARATUS:

Analog board of AB28.


DC power supplies + 5V, from external source or ST2612 Analog Lab.
2 mm patch cords.
Ohm meter.
Function generator

THEORY:

Basically, 555 timers is a highly stable circuit capable of functioning as an accurate time-delay generator
and as a free running multivibrator. The 555 timer is highly stable device for generating accurate time
delay or oscillation. The device consists of two comparators that drive the set (S) and reset (R) terminals
of a flip-flop, which in turn controls the 'on' and 'off cycles of the discharge transistor Q1. The
comparator reference voltages are fixed at 2/3 Vcc for comparator C1 and Vcc/3 for comparator C2 by
means of the voltage divider made up of three series resistors (R). These reference voltages are required
to control the timing. The timing can be controlled externally by applying voltage to the control voltage
terminal.

Pin configuration:

Figure.1: IC 555 Pin Out

Darshan Institute of Engineering And Technologies, Rajkot Page 30


Figure. 2: Functional Diagram

When used as an oscillator the frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled by only two external
components, a resistor (R) and a capacitor (C). The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling wave
forms.

IC 555 as Monostable Multivibrator:

The monostable multivibrator is constructed by adding an external capacitor and resistor to a 555 timer.
The circuit generates a single pulse of desired duration when it receives a trigger signal, hence it is also
called a one-shot. The time constant of the resistor-capacitor combination determines the length of the
pulse.

Darshan Institute of Engineering And Technologies, Rajkot Page 31


Figure. 3: IC 555 as Monostable multivibrator Functional Diagram

Figure. 4: IC 555 as Monostable multivibrator with internal structure diagram.

Darshan Institute of Engineering And Technologies, Rajkot Page 32


The resistance R and the capacitor C are external to the chip, and their values determine the output pulse
width. Before the application of the trigger pulse Vt , the voltage at the trigger input pin is high which is
equal to Vcc [say V(1)]. With this high trigger input, the output of comparator C2 will be low [say
V(0)], causing the flip-flop output Q to be high, i.e. Q = V(1) and Vo = V(0) = 0 (due to inverter circuit).
With Q = V(1), the discharge transistor Q1 will be saturated and the voltage across the timing capacitor
C will be essentially zero, i.e. Vx = 0. The output Vo = 0 V is the quiescent state of the timer device. At
t = 0, application of trigger Vt, (negative going pulse ] less than Vcc/3 causes the output of comparator
C2 to be high, i.e. V(1). This will set the flip-flop with Q now low. i.e, Q = V(0). This makes Vo = V(1).
Due to Q = V(0), discharge transistor will be turned 'off’. Note that after termination of the trigger pulse
the flip-flop will remain in the Q = V(0) state. Now, the timing capacitor charges up towards Vcc via
resistor R, with a time constant t = RC. The charging up expression is

Vx= Vcc * (1- e-t / (R*C))…………..(1)


s
where Vx is the voltage across C at any time t. When Vx reaches the threshold voltage level of 2Vcc/3,
comparator C1 will switch states and its output voltage will now be high. This causes the flip-flop to
reset so that Q will go high. i.e. V(1), and Vo returns to original level V(0). The high value of Q turns on
the discharge transistor Q1. The low saturation resistance of Q1 discharges C quickly.

The end of the output pulse occurs at time T1, at which point Vx =2 Vcc/3. Thus the pulse width T1 is
determined by the time required for the capacitor voltage Vx to charge from zero to 2Vcc/3. This period
can be obtained by putting Vx = 2Vcc/3 at t= T, Thus from eq.1
2/3*Vcc = Vcc * (1- e-t / (R*C))
2/3 = 1- e-t / (R*C)
e-t / (R*C) = 1/3
-t / (R*C) = ln(1/3)
t = 1.1*R*C seconds…………(2)
Note that the pulse duration is independent of the supply voltage Vcc. The trigger pulse width must be
shorter in duration than t=T1 for proper operation of the timer. In Eq.2 we have assumed V(0) = 0. The
timing cycle may be interrupted by connecting the reset terminal (pin 4). This turns on transistor Q1 and
the capacitor is prevented from charging.

Figure. 5: Monostable multivibrator waveform at various points


Darshan Institute of Engineering And Technologies, Rajkot Page 33
Procedure:
1) Connect power supply + 5V from ST2612 or any external source.
2) Connect point a to point b using a 2mm patch cord.
3) Connect point c to point d/e using a 2mm patch cord.
4) Keep the pot (R2 1M) to fully anticlockwise direction.
5) Apply a pulse signal of 5Vpp and 1 KHz (keep duty cycle of pulse 50%) at pin 2 of IC 555 i.e. to
the point e/g on AB28 board. Observe the same on oscilloscope CHI.
6) Connect pin 3 of IC55 i.e. output socket to the oscilloscope CHII.
7) Vary the pot and observe the variation of output pulse duty cycle with the change in resistance R
(where, R=R1+R2).
8) For any value of R measure the ON time of output pulse.
9) Calculate the same by following equation for theoretically calculating the output pulse ‘On’ time.
TP = 1.1 * R1C1
Note : For calculating the value of R, disconnect the +5V supply and connection between point a
and b. Connect ohmmeter between point a and TP1. The ohmmeter will read the value of R.
10) Verify theoretical and practical values of TP.
Note : The two values of TP (theoretical and practical values) will match only for time for which
input pulse is High i.e. only for ‘On’ 'time of input pulse. To verify this vary the duty cycle of input
signal and check the output pulse duty cycle by varying R (R=R1+R2).
11) Repeat above procedure for different values of R.

Darshan Institute of Engineering And Technologies, Rajkot Page 34


OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. R C Tp Theoritical Tp Practical


No.

CALCULATION:

CONCLUSION:

LAB-INCHARGE H.O.D

Darshan Institute of Engineering And Technologies, Rajkot Page 35

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