MAPS IN May 2018

HISTORY
Newsletter No

61

The Belgium - Luxembourg border formation

The Portuguese voyages to the Spice Islands

Special 20th anniversary celebration

ISSN 1379-3306 www.bimcc.org

2 SPONSORS EDITORIAL 3

Swaen.com Contents Intro

Monthly Internet map auctions Dear Map Friends,
and Gallery Exhibitions
Quality consignments welcome By the time you read this issue of Maps in History our
Cosmography at the Louvre Abu Dhabi museum.. ................. 4 excursion to Arlon and Luxembourg will be very close,
or already past, depending on the logistics of getting
our magazine edited, printed and distributed! The
Looks at Books theme of this excursion, ‘1839: when Luxembourg was
last cut to pieces’, was chosen by the organizers Pierre
Mario Cam's 'Companions in Geography' .......................................... 5 Parmentier and Marie-Anne Dage to highlight the
complex history of the border between Luxembourg
and Belgium. Before, during or after the excursion,
History and Cartography
I recommend you read the article summarizing this
The Portuguese voyages to the Spice Islands and the history, written by our dear President, Caroline De
first European maps and sketches of Southeast Asia, Candt; a very useful complement to that excursion.
SCANNING - GEOREFERENCING 1502-1554 ...................................................................................................................................... 7
AND DIGITISING OF OLD MAPS Another most interesting feature of this issue follows
The formation of the border between Belgium and our last conference on maps of Indonesia: Francisco
Luxembourg in 1830-1839 ................................................................................... 15 Roque de Oliveira has kindly accepted to write down
his presentation, ‘The Portuguese voyages to the Spice
WILLEM BLAEU - 23cm GLOBE SET - WALL MAP OF EUROPE ON VELLUM - SEA CHART BOOK Islands’, which shows that the VOC was not the only
How I got into Cartography one to explore that part of the world...
IJzerweglaan 48 I 9050 Gent Belgium
www.swaen.com | paulus@swaen.com info@aquaterra.be I www.aquaterra.be Interview with Michael Bischoff .......................................................... 23
T +32 (0)9 230 55 15 I F +32 (0)9 230 21 10 Celebrations of the 20th anniversary of the Brussels
UK tel. +44 750 937 0039
Map Circle have already begun! Our MAPAF (Map
Brussels Map Circle news Afternoon) on 24 March opened with a reception
offered by the Circle to its members on the top floor
Annual General Meeting (AGM) & Activity report ............... 25 of the Royal Library of Belgium (KBR). Speeches over
a glass of ‘bubbles’ evoked the various activities of
The MAPAF 2018 and special anniversary celebration.... 27 the past twenty years, with emphasis on the special
relationship which has been established with the KBR
The Brussels Map Circle Programme for 2018 ........................ 30
‘Maps and Plans’ department (see the full report on
BOOKS, PRINTS, MAPS & ATLASSES p.27).
International news
More festivities are being planned to celebrate our 20th
UNESCO's 'Memory of the World International anniversary at the end of the year. The date has been
Register’ - The Great Siege of Malta maps of 1565 ............. 32 chosen, mark it in your diary: 1 December 2018. The
venue as well: we have booked the prestigious Plantin-
PHIMCOS, the Philippine Map Collectors’ Society – Moretus Museum in Antwerp for the evening. This
Update. ..................................................................................................................................... 32 old 16th century print shop (a UNESCO World Heritage
Blaeu, Atlas Maior, 1662 : 592 maps, 11 volumes in-folio.

Site since 2005) is of particular significance for lovers

1525 Ptolemy’s Geography re-united at Princeton
of old maps: this is where Christophe Plantin printed
University ............................................................................................................................. 33
the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum of Abraham Ortelius.
The museum holds a number of artifacts from that
period... The programme of the evening is still under
Auction calendar ........................................................................................................... 34 development: you will get all the information in the
September issue of Maps in History as well as on our
website www.bimcc.org.

Cartographically yours,
Cover : Francisco Rodrigues, Alor Island
In: Livro de Francisco Rodrigues, 1513-1515, fl. 43 (Bibliothèque de
l’Assemblée nationale, Paris)
Rue aux Laines 19/2 · 1000 Brussels Jean-Louis Renteux
Vice-President & Editor
info@arenbergauctions.com · +32 (0) 2 544 10 55
editor@bimcc.org
www.arenbergauctions.com

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

4 EXHIBITIONS LOOKS AT BOOKS 5

Companions in Geography:
Cosmography at the East-West Collaboration in the
Louvre Abu Dhabi museum Mapping of Qing China (c. 1685-1735)
by Mario Cams
Series: East and West, Volume: 1
Leiden, Brill, 2017
The Abu Dhabi branch, although 280 pages with colour and black and white illustrations, hard cover, 24 x 16 cm
clearly targeting a more cosmopolitan
ISBN 978-90-04-34535-5, hardback; also available as an e-book ISBN 978-90-04-34536-2, EUR
and travelled public (many visitors 120.00
come from Asia), has a similar
purpose: the main twelve galleries
follow a chronological approach, The book is based on Mario Cams’ France as an Imperial envoy. When he
from the ‘first villages’ to ‘a global Detail of the planisphere by Visconte PhD thesis (which was discussed in returned he brought not only practical
stage’, and present masterpieces Maggiolo (Genoa, 1531). the last issue of MiH, p. 11). As such instruments for use in surveying but
from different cultures, highlighting it starts as one might expect with an also the latest maps of Asia which seem
the parallel evolution of world There is also a nice series of ancient explanation of the approach to, and to have informed the Qing mapping
civilisations. Arabian astrolabes, as well as a 15th- structure of, the work. ‘Companions in project decades later. One of the maps
century map of the world from Iraq, to Geography’ refers to a letter written by was based on the De Fer projection
Among these galleries, one is devoted illustrate the importance of the Middle a French Jesuit priest in 1712 to a fellow which was used for the project.
to ‘Cosmography’. It illustrates, in East in the development of navigation mapmaker in China, and sets the
A huge dome (160 metres in diameter, particular with maps and globes, techniques. scene which will analyse and describe
designed by architect Jean Nouvel) how various civilisations first came the network of people of various
shades the museum; it is, in itself, an
into contact. The central item of The artifacts representative of the trades, cultures and nationalities who
evocation of Cosmology!
this room is a terrestrial globe by first contacts between civilisations, were part of the ‘Overview Maps of
Vincenzo Coronelli (Venice, 1697), on comprise three large folding screens Imperial Territories’ project that is
‘From one Louvre to another’ is the loan from the Bibliothèque nationale depicting the arrival of Portuguese at this book’s core. Dr Cams pursues
theme of the first exhibition taking de France; it is also used in a digital merchants in Japan (ca 1625). his enquiries tracing the travel and
place at the newly inaugurated branch display depicting the first great interchange of material objects, among
of Paris’s Le Louvre in the Emirates. expeditions: Ibn Majid and the Arabian The limited number of maps on display them instruments and maps. The great
It tells how, in 1793, the young French navigators; expeditions of the Chinese in this restricted space include two ‘Qing mapping project’ was supported
Republic decided to preserve, rather Admiral Zheng He; Bartolomeu Dias’ remarkable portolan charts: one of by a number of different institutions: quadrant, first designed by Jean
than destroy, the arts collection explorations of the African coasts; the Indian Ocean by João Teixeira the Académie Royale des Sciences in Picard. All three workshops made
accumulated by the former kings and Vasco da Gama’s expedition towards Albernaz (Portugal, 1649); and the Paris (in turn supported by Louis XIV – quadrants; one well-known name
to present them to the public in the India, and arrival of Columbus in spectacular planisphere by Visconte this meant that funding was available); using them was Giovanni Domenico
prestigious setting of the Louvre royal America. Maggiolo (Genoa, 1531) which was on the Jesuits, who saw cartography Cassini.
castle in Paris. Since then the Louvre sale at Maastricht TEFAF last year for and cartographic skills – geodesy,
museum has considerably evolved the equally spectacular price of ten mathematics, instrument-making – as Following the Qing conquest of the
with, in particular, the controversial million Euros (see MiH58, p. 34)! a means of furthering their influence Chinese provinces in the mid-17 th
creation of the glass pyramid at the in China; the Qing Imperial Workshops century, Jesuit missionaries quickly Fig. 1. Quadrant by Butterfield, radius
centre of its forecourt in 1989. In The Louvre Abu Dhabi, and its and the Qing court itself. Beijing, gained access to the Qing court, 58cm, similar to the one given to the
2012 a first avatar of the Louvre was Cosmography gallery, are well worth a Paris and St. Petersburg all played key providing skills in astronomy and emperor by the King’s mathematicians
inaugurated in Lens, in northern detour on your next trip to Asia! roles in the production and exchange applied mathematics. In the late
France, within easy reach from of knowledge over the 50-year period 1680s Louis XIV agreed to sponsor a
London or Brussels. Aiming at opening lasting roughly 1685 to 1735. new French mission to China which First and foremost this chapter
culture to a broad public outside Paris, arrived in 1688. Two of the ‘King’s describes the interplay between two
it boasts a ‘Galerie du Temps’ [time Chapter 1 starts by telling us about Mathematicians’ were told they monarchs interested in cartographic
gallery] which presents a chronological three sets of instrument makers in could stay at court, the other two practice, one of whom – the Kangxi
selection of masterpieces illustrating Paris. Michael Butterfield, Louis and were free to travel or stay in China’s emperor – seeing its purpose as a
The terrestrial globe by Vincenzo
the progress of Humanity across the Coronelli (Venice, 1697) and, in the Jean Chapotot, and Nicolas Bion were provinces. They took with them the means of bolstering frontier control.
centuries. foreground, a bronze celestial globe all very active during parts at least of latest instruments from the Paris The Jesuit order wanted to please the
from Morocco (ca 1080). this period, producing, from among workshops. Joachim Bouvet, one of emperor as regards Western learning
many other instruments, the mobile those on the mission, was sent back to so that it would have protection for
Jean-Louis Renteux
jl.renteux@gmail.com

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6 LOOKS AT BOOKS HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 7

The Portuguese voyages to the

its mission, and the Académie Royale
des Sciences, supported by Louis XIV, Spice Islands
sought information from East Asia
in its push for scientific exploration. and the first European maps and sketches of
The converging interests led to
the adoption of new cartographic Southeast Asia, 1502-1554
standards at the Qing court, which
would be handed down to successive by Francisco Roque de Oliveira
emperors.
Centre for Geographical Studies Francisco Roque de Oliveira
The first ‘Intermission’ (of two – Fig. 2. New Qing cartographic practice and the method Institute of Geography and Territorial Planning of the University of Lisbon f.oliveira@campus.ul.pt
between chapters 1 and 2, and 2 and of determining longitude based on rope-measured road
distances)
3) debates the role of the Jesuit order
in China. Were they ‘Missionaries or Responding to the kind invitation & Mota, 1960). In recent years two From the late 15th century onward,
Mapmakers’ and how did attitudes reconstructs the means whereby the what we are about to read, giving us extended by the Brussels Map Circle, other Portuguese historians have Portuguese royal agents around the
towards mapmaking differ within maps were adapted and sent to and the information, then summarising the I prepared a general presentation on updated the interpretation of the set Indian Ocean had systematically
the community? The second gives fro between Beijing, Paris and Saint same. On the other hand, on a different Portuguese cartography of insular of Portuguese-origin maps which sought to compile information about
more context to the role of the Jesuit Petersburg. The maps themselves, plus level, it is more like a wonderful Southeast Asia during the first half depicted insular Southeast Asia for the this eastern area of the world which
mapmakers in the field in terms of a large amount of indirect information, adventure story comprising empire- of the 16th century for the annual first time in European cartography: was the source of the famous spices. It
how they supported the Christians helped fill in the gaps on the original building/consolidation, pioneering, conference held at the Royal Library Luís Filipe Thomaz (1995) and José is also well known that the first great
they met in far-flung places, and maps and extend the scope of the accidents, disease and death, East/ of Belgium in December 2017 and this Manuel Garcia (2002 and 2008). I refer Portuguese expedition to reconnoitre
describes the impact of the ‘Chinese area covered. One of the key players West diplomacy/collaboration/ is a summary of that presentation. interested readers to this selected set the Indonesian archipelago took
Rites Controversy’ where most Jesuits in the process in Paris was Jean- confrontation, a clash of religions, Curiously, it was almost 100 years of works, as well as to the analysis that place immediately after Malacca
accepted the integration of some Baptiste Bourguignon d’Anville who advanced applied science and insights ago that the Dutch geologist Eduard I have prepared of the evolution of the was captured in 1511 by Afonso de
Confucian rites into Christian practice incorporated the maps into European into everyday life and often hardship Cornelius Abendanon (1878-1962) main theoretical and methodological Albuquerque, governor of Portuguese
in China, whereas most non-Jesuit editions. A Dutch pirated version of his in far-flung places, not forgetting published the study that, ever since, paradigms of this select group of India (governed 1508-1515). This was
groups did not. work proved popular; it was cheaper the discovery of ginseng! It truly has guided the main research focusing historians focusing on cartography the expedition captained by António
than d’Anville’s but far inferior in conveys the passion of its author for on early European cartography of (Oliveira, forthcoming). de Abreu, who explored the maritime
Chapter 2 carries the author’s quality and split the text from the the subject. The ‘exotic’ nature of the this part of the world. This article route between Malacca, Banda and the
fundamental interest as described maps themselves. text is emphasised by a liberal use was entitled ‘Missing Links in the It is well known that the Luso-Spanish Moluccas in 1511-1512. The main results
early in the book: the study of the of Chinese, especially in the notes. Development of the Ancient Portuguese clash over possession of the Moluccas of this expedition were immediately
interchange of material goods as the The author ends by challenging The ‘Intermissions’ provide essential Cartography of the Netherlands was the main issue for Portuguese incorporated into the Suma Oriental
project’s enabler, which uncovers the the four dichotomies that ‘pervade background colour. The notes are East Indian Archipelago’, which was international politics during the early que trata do mar Roxo até aos chins
evolution of the techniques used. It the literature’ (we must remember thorough. The graphics are very nicely simultaneously published in The years of the 16th century. From the [‘Summa of the East, from the Red
provides insight into the process of that the book is based on a PhD reproduced and of different types Journal of Historical Geography and Portuguese perspective (but also from Sea up to the Chinese’] by Tomé Pires
mapmaking in the Qing era (Fig. 2); thesis): traditional versus scientific – maps, documents, charts, tables (in French) in the Boletim da Sociedade the Spanish perspective) two decisive (1512-1515). This was very probably
the communications networks, both in practice; global versus local networks; etc. All illustrate text on the same or de Geografia de Lisboa, in 1919. questions were at play in relation to the most important systematic
terms of individuals and institutions; circulation versus production opposite page - a boon compared with the Moluccas: on the one hand, control geographical description of maritime
the control factor as personified by of knowledge; and China versus many other publications. Lastly, in this Edward Heawood (1863-1949), over the production and the main Asia written by a Portuguese observer
the Kangxi emperor himself; and Europe. In trying to construct an age of oversized ‘coffee table’ books, the former librarian of the Royal trading routes of nutmeg and cloves, during the first half of the 16th century.
the variety of roles played by the alternative cartography of cross- Companions in Geography is a very Geographical Society, and Armando luxury spices which were highly In relation to the eastern shores of
Chinese – from the Imperial Court, cultural circulation in history he comfortable size. It is beautifully laid Cortesão (1871-1977), the most prized in European markets; on the the archipelago that had recently
on the road doing the surveying, has attempted, following John Lewis out, with very clean text, a pleasure to influential Portuguese historian other hand, establishing the limits of been reconnoitred by Abreu, Pires
and in the provinces supporting the Gaddis, to draw a parallel between read, and to pass on to others. of cartography in the 20th century, the Portuguese sphere of influence in peremptorily clarified therein that
survey teams. In Beijing the Imperial cartography and history, that both commented upon and expanded maritime Asia corresponding to the ‘noso emtemto nom sera passar daqui
Workshops created a ‘back office’ for “provide a way of reversing divisibility, Thank you! the selection and organisation of Treaty of Tordesillas. These aspects por diamte’ [‘It is not our intention to
the mapping project, producing and of retrieving unity, of re-capturing the maps presented by Abendanon were the core of a difficult diplomatic go farther on from here’]. Portugal’s
storing instruments and creating a sense of the whole...” The result is (Heawood, 1919; Cortesão, 1975). negotiation focusing on establishing great geographical goal in Asia had
the atlases which resulted from the fascinating. Along with Avelino Teixeira da Mota the Tordesillas antimeridian, which been achieved.
surveys. (1920-1982), Abendanon, Heawood was formally resolved via the Treaty of
I really like this book. On the one and Cortesão represent, even today, Zaragoza (1529), confirmed and ratified In light of this, it is possible to divide
Chapter 3 deals with the ‘afterlife of hand the ‘thesis’-style (pedagogical, the main references for all scholars by Emperor Charles V and by King Portuguese cartographical production
a family of maps’. It focuses on the sometimes over-repetitive, structure) examining this chapter in the John III of Portugal. concerning the archipelago of modern
circulation of the Qing atlas, and can be rather cumbersome, telling us Nicola Boothby history of cartography (Cortesão day Indonesia during the first half
nicola.boothby@telenet.be

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

8 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 9

would seem to correspond to an

embryonic concept of the Malay-
Indonesian archipelago. This is the
case with a set of conjectured islands
located south of India, dissected by
the Equator and captioned thus: ‘ho
grande arcipelago que faz gram temor
nom se saber ate honde vão ter estas
ilhas’ [‘The large archipelago which
causes great fear, since it is not known
how far these islands extend’]. Just
like in the Cantino map, Sumatra is
fully drawn south of the Equator, and Fig. 2. Francisco Rodrigues, Alor Island
is explained as the ‘muyto homrrada In: Livro de Francisco Rodrigues, 1513-
e muyto Rica ilha de camatoro’ [‘The 1515, fl. 43 (Bibliothèque de l’Assemblée
nationale, Paris)
very honourable and very rich island
of Çamatra’]. The region’s key hub
Fig. 1. Jorge Reinel (?), Chart of the Indian Ocean, [Lisbon], [ca. 1510] (Herzog August is marked east of Sumatra: ‘a muyto Java. While some of these drawings are
Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel) populosa e nobre e Rica cidade de profusely illustrated with details of the
malaca a quall aynda a nos nam he geography of the islands – volcanoes,
of the 16th century into three main two captions which could coincide sabyda nem descuberta’ [‘the very plants, settlements and human figures,
phases. Each of them is associated with a pioneering attempt to mark populous and noble and rich city for example –, others have more
with a specific stage of progress in some of these regions, likewise of Malacca, which we have not yet schematic outlines, seemingly far
relation to geographical knowledge including some information about the discovered’]. Finally, in the southeast closer to the cartographer’s original
of Southeast Asia by these European respective geo-economy: the caption sector of the map there is a group of sketches [Fig. 2].
observers and also, in a certain ‘ilha gauaaem esta ilha a muto benjoym islands consisting of two larger islands
sense, a specific type of cartography. e seda e porcelana’ [Ganaor Island: this and two smaller islands, dissected by The Livro de Francisco Rodrigues
The first phase is represented by Island has a lot of benzoin and silk and the Tropic of Capricorn, which has a also has a sequence of seven maps of
the sparse set of maps produced porcelain], indicated very far to the caption that – just like on the Cantino the Malay-Indonesian archipelago
between the beginning of the 16th east of Madagascar, could correspond map – suggests an identification with and their immediate surroundings,
century and 1511 which have survived to Java; and the caption ‘caleirciram the Moluccas: ‘nesta ilha nace o crauo’ which resulted from the combination
to modern times; the second phase aquj he muyto clauo’ [Caleiciram: here [this island (Moluccas?) produces of two distinct kinds of cartographical
corresponds to the cartography there are plenty of cloves], alluding to a cloves] [Fig. 1]. information: on the one hand,
prepared by the protagonists of the smaller island located to the east of the information prepared during the
1511-1512 expedition; finally, there is the former, which could be identified with As has been mentioned, the second Portuguese naval expedition to
extensive set of maps from the years the island of Ceram, at the southern phase of Portuguese cartography Indonesian waters, supervised by
after this first reconnaissance voyage, end of the Moluccas. of insular Southeast Asia is directly Rodrigues himself; on the other hand, Fig. 3. Francisco Rodrigues, Flores, Timor, the archipelagos of Banda and
which are usually more detailed, in associated with the 1511-1512 cartographical prototypes from Moluccas. In: Livro de Francisco Rodrigues, 1513-1515, fl. 37 (Bibliothèque de
l’Assemblée nationale, Paris)
which indicating possession of the When compared to the Cantino reconnaissance voyage, ordered Southeast Asian sources, probably with
Moluccas was a recurring concern of planisphere, the map attributed to by Albuquerque and commanded a Malay origin, which made it possible
the cartographers. Jorge Reinel is free from any kind of by António de Abreu. This is the to overcome lacunae in Portuguese = Macaçar/Sulawesi); (2) the map of After this hybrid cartographical
Ptolemaic influence, which makes the important collection of maps that direct knowledge about several of the eastern and northern coasts of exercise by Francisco Rodrigues,
Two Portuguese maps exemplify portrayal of the Asian spaces depicted are part of the Livro de Francisco the region’s spaces. As a result of this Borneo, eastern Java, Madura, Bali, the main Portuguese cartography
the cartography of the ‘Eastern there particularly innovative in the Rodrigues [‘Book of Francisco juxtaposition, some of Rodrigues’s Lombok and Sumbawa (f. 36, which of insular Southeast Asia ceased to
Archipelago’ before António de context of European cartography of Rodrigues’], drawn in Malacca in maps are extremely important hybrid identifies the ports of call of Agriaci noticeably reflect the use of Asian
Abreu’s expedition: the famous the age. This was the standard for circa 1513 by this individual, who was cartographical products. To cite = Gresik and Surubaia = Surabaya, prototypes. This was due to successive
anonymous planisphere known as Portuguese nautical cartography, a young cartographer trusted by just three of the most representative in Java, and shows a clearly non- surveys carried out by cartographers
the ‘Cantino map’, dated to 1502, and which as a rule shunned the use Albuquerque. Rodrigues participated examples of this solution, which European standard of representation sailing aboard Portuguese ships, but
the anonymous map of the Indian of erudite references – classical or in the 1511-1512 expedition to Banda and combines European and Asian in the Lesser Sunda Islands); (3) the also in the ingrained tendency of the
Ocean attributed to Jorge Reinel, from medieval – to fill in the cartography the Moluccas, during which he carried representational standards: (1) the map map depicting the eastern part of the cartographers to not fill in spaces
about 1510 (Herzog August Bibliothek, of spaces which had not yet been out an extensive cartographical depicting the area of eastern Sumatra, Indonesian archipelago (f. 37, which, which had not yet been reconnoitred
Wolfenbüttel). At a time when the reconnoitred by exploratory voyages. survey, which included a notable series the far west of Java and southwest of apart from Ambon and Ceram, depicts in person with data that had not yet
Portuguese only had access to indirect What is interesting in this context is of 69 panoramic drawings depicting Borneo, with the island of Bangka the islands of Flores and Timor and been proved by empirical evidence.
news about the areas situated east of that the author of this map apparently the northern shores of the chain of (f. 35 in the Livro, where Borneo is the archipelagos of Banda and the However, it can also be noted that
Malacca, the Cantino map included had access to information which islands between Alor and western mistakenly identified as Maquecer Moluccas)[Fig. 3]. after the cartographical campaign

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10 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 11

Fig. 4. Pedro Reinel (?), Chart of the Indian Ocean, [Lisbon], ca. 1517. Facsimile by Otto Progel ca. 1843 (Bibliothèque nationale
de France). The original belonged to the Wehrkreisbücherei, Munich; disappeared in 1945.

by Rodrigues, the official Portuguese the Moluccas, corresponding to the ‘Província de Maluco’ [‘Province of the
presence in Asia was only associated Malay trade route followed by the Moluccas’] in the Spanish hemisphere
with the trade routes with Ternate Portuguese along the northern coast of Tordesillas. The next map on the
and Banda, the only routes subject of Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. list is the anonymous map of the Fig. 5. Lopo Homem - Reineis, Chart from Malacca to the Moluccas. In: Atlas Miller, 1519 (Bibliothèque nationale de France).
to a royal monopoly. As Luís Filipe This is followed by the planisphere archipelago and the Malay Peninsula
Thomaz has astutely pointed out, attributed to Jorge Reinel from circa known as the ‘Penrose Map’, dating
this explains the relative stagnation 1519 (Kunstmann IV, lost in 1945), from circa 1535, which includes Motir,
– and sometimes even regression – of which must have been prepared in Tidore, Ternate, the northern part of
representations of the Indonesian Seville in the context of preparations Halmahera ( Jeilolo) and perhaps the Completing this series of 20 maps
archipelago in Portuguese cartography for Magellan’s voyage and, within the northern part of Celebes, in addition is the anonymous planisphere at
over the next two decades. Spanish hemisphere, identified the to what could be the oldest western the Biblioteca Vallicelliana in Rome
‘Ilhas de maluquo donde a o cravo’ [‘the representation of the northern coast of dating from circa 1550, which places
Despite their apparent formal unity, Moluccas Islands, source of cloves’]. Borneo. Continuing in chronological a Portuguese flag on the ‘MALVCO’
it is still possible to discern some There are also two representations order, there are the maps of Southeast islands and three Spanish pavilions
sub-sets within this set of 20 maps of the Malay archipelago and the Asia in the Atlas attributed to Gaspar on New Guinea. This map is famous
representing what has been dubbed Moluccas in the ‘Miller Atlas’ by Lopo Viegas from about 1537 (Biblioteca for containing the oldest known
the third main phase of Portuguese Homem-Reinéis dating from 1519, Riccardiana and Archivio di Stato di representation of Japan, thus
cartography of this area, produced which combine Ptolemaic vestiges Firenze), where it is possible to note symbolically concluding the cycle
more or less until 1550. The first of with the use of maps that were very the Portuguese pavilions on Timor’ of the Portuguese discoveries in
these sub-sets comprises a series close to Rodrigues’ prototype [Fig. and the ‘Ilhas de maluco’ [‘Islands of Asia. However, the most complete
of seven maps by the Reinel family, 5]. Finally, there is the map of the the Moluccas’] [Fig. 6]. The outline of representation of insular Southeast
presumably all dating from before southern hemisphere with polar Java and the western coast of Celebes Asia in Portuguese cartography of the
the return of the carrack Victoria, projection attributed to Pedro Reinel, proposed by Viegas and by the author age is that contained in Lopo Homem’s
commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano, dating from 1522, which already depicts of the Penrose map are reflected in 1554 planisphere (Istituto e Museo di
in September 1522. This series begins the Moluccas within the Portuguese the large anonymous map of Asia Storia della Scienza, Firenze). This map
with two almost identical maps of hemisphere (Topkapı Palace, Istanbul). dating from circa 1540 belonging had a lasting influence on subsequent
the Indian Ocean and the Malay- to the Herzog August Bibliothek European cartography and served as
Indonesian archipelago attributed The Portuguese cartographer (Wolfenbüttel). The fragment of a temporal milestone in Abendanon’s
to Pedro Reinel: the lost map of the Diogo Ribeiro prepared the four António Pereira’s planisphere dating pioneering study. Fig. 6. Gaspar Viegas, Moluccas and nearby islands, ca. 1537 (Biblioteca Riccardiana,
Munich Armeebibliothek (circa 1517) planispheres and the map of the from circa 1545 only depicts the Firenze)
[Fig. 4] and the British Library map western hemisphere, which are known archipelago’s eastern shores, curiously
(circa 1522), which depicts the arc to be his works, in Seville between marked in a gap in the map’s frame
of islands between Sumatra and 1525 and circa 1532, marking the ( John Carter Brown Library).

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

12 SPONSORS HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 13

FHG
Even though it is not Portuguese

LA TERRE cartographical production strictly

speaking, it is important to mention
CONNAISSANCE, REPRÉSENTATIONS, Antiquariat the map of insular Southeast Asia
MESURE AU MOYEN ÂGE included in the anonymous ‘Vallard
Sous la direction de Patrick Gautier Dalché
Contributions de C. Deluz, N. Bouloux, E. Vagnon,
C. Gadrat-Ouerfelli, P. Fermon, A. Querrien
Peter Kiefer Atlas’, dating from 1547 (Huntington
Library). This map shows a discernible
dependence on a Portuguese
Buch- und Kunstauktionen prototype which was very similar to
the Penrose map. As Abendanon also
(Book and art auctions) noted almost a century ago, when
710 p., 29 ill. n/b, broché
ISBN 978-2-503-54753-4, € 65 HT he investigated the famous ‘missing
Série : L’Atelier du Médiéviste, vol. 13
Steubenstraße 36 links’ in Portuguese cartography of
Comment le Moyen Âge a-t-il 75172 Pforzheim, Germany the eastern Archipelago, the main
appréhendé l’espace géographique ?
Un très grand nombre de témoignages French maps of what is conventionally
textuels et figurés subsistent. called the ‘Dieppe School’ are based on
Le but de ce manuel est de montrer
Tel +49 7231 / 9232-0
la richesse, la variété et le caractère Fax +49 7231 / 9232-16 Portuguese prototypes. Symbolically
opératoire des réflexions médiévales
sur l’espace géographique. p.kiefer@kiefer.de too, it was through works such as the
‘Vallard Atlas’ that the pioneering
www.kiefer.de Portuguese cartography of Asia from
the first half of the 16th century handed
over the baton to the emerging nautical
cartography of northern Europe [Fig. 7
info@brepols.net www.brepols.net and Fig. 8].
Fig. 7. Anonymous Portuguese map, ca. 1535 (Boies Penrose Collection,
Devon, Pennsylvania).

Loeb-Larocque mindseye
Maps, Atlases, Prints
and books David Raes
31, rue de Tolbiac
75013 Paris Branding, design for print,
catalogues and webdesign.
By appointment only
Jan Palfijnstraat 26
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Tel +33 (0) 6 11 80 3375
Tel/Fax +33 (0) 1 44 24 85 80 david@mindseye.be
info@loeb-larocque.com www.mindseye.be
www.loeb-larocque.com

Fig. 8. Anonymous map of Southeast Asia, 1547. In: Vallard Atlas (Huntington Library, San Marino, California).

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

14 SPONSORS HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 15

References História Ultramarina. Lisboa: Junta de Atlas do Mundo Moderno. Planificação

ABENDANON, Eduard Cornelius.

Investigações Científicas do Ultramar,
1975, p. 49-75.
cartográfica de Miguel Nogueira;
transcrição paleográfica de Cristina
The formation of the border
Missing links in the development of the
ancient Portuguese cartography of the CORTESÃO, Armando (Ed.). A Suma
Cunha. Porto: Editora da Universidade
do Porto, 2008.
between Belgium and
Netherlands East Indian Archipelago.
The Geographical Journal, vol. LIV, n.
6, p. 347-354, 1919a.
Oriental de Tomé Pires e o Livro
de Francisco Rodrigues. Coimbra:
Universidade de Coimbra, 1978.
HEAWOOD, Edward. Note to ‘Missing
links in the development of the
Luxembourg in 1830-1839:
ABENDANON, Eduard Cornelius. Essai CORTESÃO, Armando; MOTA,
ancient Portuguese cartography of the
Netherlands East Indian Archipelago’ a story about the importance of
sur les cartes qui font défaut dans la Avelino Teixeira da (Eds.). Portugaliae de E. C. Abendanon. The Geographical
plus ancienne cartographie portugaise
de l’Archipel des Indes Orientales
Monumenta Cartographica, vol.
1. Lisboa, Comissão Executiva das
Journal, vol. LIV, n. 6, p. 355, 1919. being a map lover
Caroline De Candt
Néerlandaise. Boletim da Sociedade de Comemorações do Quinto Centenário OLIVEIRA, Francisco Roque de. 100
Geografia de Lisboa, n. 8, 37ª série, p. da Morte do Infante D. Henrique, 1960. anos de estudos sobre a cartografia by Caroline De Candt carolinedecandt@gmail.com

290-298, 1919b. portuguesa da Ásia do Sueste insular

GARCIA, José Manuel. Other maps, da primeira metade do século XVI: Introduction
CORTESÃO, Armando (Ed.). The Suma other images. Portuguese cartography evolução das agendas de pesquisa. Maps play an important role in human
Oriental of Tomé Pires and the Book of of Southeast Asia and the Philippines Tempo (Niterói) (forthcoming). history. Knowing how to use them can
Francisco Rodrigues. London: Hakluyt (1512-1571). In: The First Portuguese be a major advantage when you are a
Society, 1944. Maps and Sketches of Southeast Asia THOMAZ, Luís Filipe F. R. The image revolutionary, creating a new state, as
and the Philippines, 1512-1571. Lisboa: of the Archipelago in Portuguese we shall see (Fig. 1).
CORTESÃO, Armando. As mais Centro Português de Estudos do cartography of the 16th and early 17 th
The territory concerned here is
antigas cartografia e descrição das Sudeste Asiático, 2002, p. 11-29. centuries. Archipel, n. 49, p 79-124,
the southern part of what is called
Molucas. In: A viagem de Fernão de 1995.
The Low Countries, or what was
Magalhães e a questão das Molucas. GARCIA, José Manuel. O Livro de
known in the 14th-15th century as the
Actas do II Colóquio Luso-Espanhol de Francisco Rodrigues – O Primeiro
Burgundian Netherlands, and later as
the (Habsburg) Spanish (1556-1715) or
Austrian (1715-1795) Netherlands.

The red line shows the current Belgian

Your advertisement here ? borders. The bright pink territory
is the Zuidelijke Nederlanden, the
Southern Netherlands; the darker pink
parts indicate land that was lost in
To advertise in 'Maps in History' and the Eighty Years War by the Spanish
reach a selected public of map lovers
and collectors, contact: Antiquariaat to the Dutch. The green territories
have never been formally part of the
Netherlands.
Fig. 1. The map of The Low Countries as in 1648

ed in the aftermath of the defeat of since the Middle Ages was referred to

editor@bimcc.org Plantijn 1830: the birth of Belgium, a

country without frontiers
Napoleon, when an eager William of
Orange-Nassau proclaimed himself
as The Low Countries was reunited,
but without the Grand Duchy of
king at the urging of the Congress Luxembourg, which was ‘given’ to
D.R. Duncker In 1830 a country is born that from of Vienna 3 . The latter had one major William by the Congress in Personal
then on will be called Belgium. It is goal: building a buffer around France Union: therefore, not formally a part of
Old maps, prints, atlases and illustrated
Making Maps in History books.
the result of an uprising, caused by
many different factors, much too long
with its dangerous revolutionary ideas,
meanwhile restoring the old order in
the new state, although it had always
been part of the Low Countries ( see
to comment on here1 . The facts: the Europe: hence the re-installing of a further 4).
This issue of Maps in History was coordinated and Ginnekensmarkt 5, 4835 JC Breda
new Belgium is the southern part of French king and the consecration of a After the September 1830 rebellion,
edited by Jean-Louis Renteux. Paul De Candt did the Tel +31 76 560 44 00 what is then the United Kingdom of new king for this new state in 1815.
lay-out on the basis of a design by David Raes. dieter.d@planet.nl the Netherlands2 , a state construct- From 1815 until 1830 the territory that 4 The former Prince-Bishopric of Liège
and Principality of Malmédy-Stavelot,
Contents have been checked by the Editorial www.plantijnmaps.com and the Duchy of Bouillon - never parts
1 It is impossible to go into the name of London; the word United was added
of the Low Countries - were incorporated
Committee comprising Wulf Bodenstein, Wouter ‘Belgium’ the rebels chose and its history later by historians to avoid confusion with
in the new state: again a story in its
Bracke, Lisette Danckaert, Francis Herbert and here today’s Kingdom of the Netherlands
own; finally, it should be mentioned
Pierre Parmentier. 2 To be precise: Le Royaume des Pays- 3 In fact, the Peace Treaty of Paris of that another reason for annexing the
Bas was the term the Congress of Vienna 1814 (between the reinstated French king ‘Belgian’ provinces to the Dutch ones
used, French being the international and the Coalition) decided about this, is compensation for the Cape Colony
language of diplomacy at that time; forerunning the decisions of the Vienna and Ceylon (Dutch) that the British held
Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Treaty Congress occupied and kept

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

16 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 17

a Parliament, the Congrès National, Luxembourg will remain a separate This was the price the king of Spain
is formed in no time and a — for the Grand-Duchy under the House of (the Low Countries were his then)
time — very modern Constitution is Nassau and part of the German payed for marrying his oldest daughter
written. It is decided the new country Confederation. to Louis XIV, at the same time ending
will be a monarchy and so the search Borderlines one of these interminable wars
for a head of state is on ... Also, vital between Spain and France.
ingredients of national pride are at To become a ‘country’, in the sense
hand: a national hymn is composed of a state, recognized as such by the So, why was it ‘given’ to King
and some industrious lady has sewn rest of the world, two ingredients William in 1815 and not simply
together what will henceforth be the are necessary: people9 and land, a incorporated in the new Kingdom?
national flag. Only one thing is lacking: territory. And who says territory says For different reasons: first, as a
a country. physical borders. Now this is a bit of a kind of compensation for his loss of
problem: how do you split up a state, hereditary land in Germany (from the
The problem is: how to convince the formed by several units? One would Nassau family) to Prussia. Secondly,
contemporary Major Powers 5 to accept think by simply de-assembling the the Prussians knew the value of the
this new state, as they are not amused parts with which the United Kingdom formidable fortress Luxembourg city,
by this breaking up of the buffer of the Netherlands had been formed so Luxembourg was made part of the
around France and the precious new in the first place. This may sound German Confederation (Prussian
balance they had installed in Europe relatively straightforward but in troops in the fortress could watch over
in 1815 ... reality, it isn’t, because: what does the French border). In this movement,
‘several units’ mean, exactly? Does the so-called second partition, a part
A delegation is dispatched to London it mean three units: ‘Holland’ in the of the Luxembourg territory was
6
to advocate the good cause. The so- north and in the south ‘Belgium’ but lost to the Prussians who annexed
called London Conference of December without Luxembourg? Or does it mean everything east of the rivers Mosel,
1830 confirms, one could say grants, two: ‘Holland’ in the north and in the Sauer/Sûre and Our 11 , to secure what
the Belgian independence7 as a neutral south Belgium and Luxembourg, the was now the border between the
state. The official protocols from former south part of the Austrian Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Fig. 2. The map of Belgium as in 1839
20 and 27 January 1831, the Bases de Netherlands? From the start it is German Confederation 12 . After all,
Séparation, state that the borders ‘from clear the Major Powers share the first didn’t the German Confederation give Enters ... Jean-Baptiste Nothomb German Confederation, as we shall see. cartography. How much he valued
before 1790’8 will be restored. Also, view, as does King William, while the up the Prince-Bishopric Liège, since So, when in June 1831 Jean-Baptiste cartographical knowledge is proven
Belgian rebels take the second: after time immemorial part of the Holy It will come as no surprise that Nothomb14 is sent to London after the by this sentence: 'How many mistakes
5 On 20 November 1815 the Quadruple all, hadn’t it always been part of the Roman Empire, to be added to the new none of the gentlemen in London Bases de Séparation have been decided would be avoided, if diplomats only
Alliance was formed between Austria,
Britain, Prussia and Russia; the aim was Low Countries? Hadn’t its civilians kingdom? who had decided on this matter on by the Great Powers, but before knew geography! In the negotiations
to have regular diplomatic contact, as supported the rebellion? Another border that needed to be was particularly bothered by any they are put into what would become with lords Grey and Palmerston about
mutual watch-dogs There are other problems still in this defined in 1815 was that between geographical notion and certainly not the Treaty of the Eighteen Articles, he is the borders of Belgium, my strength
6 Since 4 November 1830 the geopolitical imbroglio, for example Luxembourg (part of the German by any insight in the long and complex really the man who saves the day. was that I perfectly knew the historical
Quadruple Alliance Members were Maastricht – key strategic town on Confederation) and the Kingdom of the history of what was called The Low geography of my country and they
already conveying in London, for this the river Meuse and ‘capital’ of the Netherlands. In reality, it was a kind Countries. The Austrians who had last Born in 1805 in Messancy15 , he didn’t' .’17
occasion joined by France, in the form of
province of Limburg – where both of interior border, since King William ruled the region before the French has studied law at the University He has a plan to solve the geographical
ambassador Talleyrand
‘Holland’ and the Prince-Bishop of simply added Luxembourg to his new Revolution probably weren’t paying of Liège16 . He is a supporter of the difficulties. In favour of Belgium,
7 One could say surprisingly swift: an
Liège held powers.10 So, who is to get kingdom and governed it like the rest. attention in class when the subject Belgian Rebellion from the start and of course. Article 1 of the Bases de
armed interference from the Major
Powers would certainly not have been Maastricht? Of course, when in 1830 rebellion was treated, the Prussians were only in 1830 is elected as member of the Séparation assigned to Belgium all
impossible, but due to several factors
The Duchy of Luxembourg breaks loose in Belgium, this border interested in the military potential Congrès National as representative territories that in 1790 were NOT in the
in the advantage of the Belgians, the
Since the 14th century, this territory becomes important again 13 (Fig. 2). of Luxembourg fortress, the British for Arlon. From early on, Nothomb possession of The United Provinces.
secession was approved.
has always been part of the Low were mainly interested in the port of is very interested in historical Well, Nothomb argues, at that moment
8 It is nowhere clearly explained why
Countries. Once a much bigger entity, Antwerp (in French hands a military many enclaves there were owned
this date was chosen and not for example
the Duchy first lost territory in 1659 threat and in Dutch a commercial 14 Together with Devaux; there were
1795 when the Republic of the Seven 11 Among others: Cantons Eupen,
Provinces was formally ended; my guess with the Treaty of the Pyrenees. Kronenburg, Malmédy, Sankt-Vith, one) and the Russians couldn’t care other delegations sent by the Belgian 17 Original text :'Wie viele Fehler würden
Schleiden and part of Aubel less. Only sly Talleyrand was as rebels before and after and even in der Politik vermieden, wenn die
is that from 1790 on many upheavals
simultaneously, which didn’t add to the Diplomaten die Geographie kennten!
started both in the Republic and the
9 Again, we cannot go into the feelings 12 As a form of compensation, part of usual well informed. His partition clarity of the situation; for the sake of this
Austrian Netherlands as a consequence Bei den Verhandlungen mit Lord Grey
and opinions about the upheaval of the the Prince-Bishopric Liège and Duchy plan was rejected but he managed clarity we focus on Nothomb here. und Lord Palmerston über die Grenzen
of the French Revolution, like the
formation of the Etats belgiques unis and
people concerned; let’s just say they Bouillon were added to Luxembourg. to eventually secure Bouillon, ‘the 15 Then in the French Département
Belgiens war meine Starke, dass ich die
were very diverse, in as far they were ever historische Geographie meines Landes
the Powers didn’t want any reference to 13 It runs from Pussemange (in today key to the Ardennes’ as Vauban des Forêts, formerly the Grand-Duchy of
polled. genau kannte und sie nicht.’; Watelet,
those events and play safe: in 1790, when Vresse-sur-Semois in Belgium) in the called it, as part of Belgium and not Luxembourg and today Belgium.
Joseph II died, there was (still) a stable 10 Recognized by the parties in a treaty south to Deiffelt (in today Gouvy in Marcel, Cartografie en politiek in het
of Luxembourg, that member of the 16 Ironically enough founded by William I België van de 19de eeuw, Brussels, 1987, p.
territory of 1679. Belgium).
in 1817. 71

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

18 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 19

Fig. 3. A map of the Austrian possessions in the Netherlands or Low Countries, ... published by William Faden , Geographer to His Majesty, Jany. 1st, 1789.

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

20 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 21

by either the Spanish king or by a Which maps did Nothomb, the ‘The five Powers offer their good fears the absorption of Belgium by
German princes18 . So strictly speaking British ministers and the Powers offices to keep the status quo (my France, Prussia doesn’t want to see
these enclaves would have to become own underlining) in the Duchy of Holland weakened, so doesn’t want to
in London use?
Belgian. But of course, being in Luxembourg for as long as the separate see Maastricht in Belgian hands and
‘Holland’, Belgium would be happy A key to the answer lies in a secret negotiations will take .’ 23 So, although the German Confederation leaves it
to trade them for Dutch enclaves in protocol from 17 November 1830, issued the Powers confirm Luxembourg will to the London Conference to decide
Limburg (thus making the whole by the Powers, explaining why they remain a separate country 24 , the tone about Luxembourg. All territorial
province Belgian). Moreover, the wouldn’t give in to the Belgian territo- in the second document is much less hopes for Belgium are lost, which is
‘Belgians’ as successors of the Prince- rial claims: they would give prevalence definite and much seems to be left what Nothomb learns when he is sent
Bishop of Liège, could put their rights to those of King William I. open for negotiation. to London again for a very short visit.
over Maastricht all in the ‘bargain’. The More important for our question: two And this is what reflects in a new
aim is clear: obtaining both Limburg maps were added to this protocol. The ‘statu quo’? treaty: the Treaty of the XXIV articles
They were made in 1789 by the geogra- 25
and hopefully Luxembourg ... In 1831, the situation in the Duchy . Gone are the open endings that
pher Faden and attributed Zeelandic is as follows: the Belgian rebels are ‘parties will negotiate...’, gone are the
So there he is in London, a man with Flanders and Maastricht (in as far as dominating and administrating the vague terms. It is a package deal with
a mission. On 9 June he is received the sovereignty of the States General country but the fortress itself remains a Judgement of Solomon: Belgium gets
by Lord Palmerston, the new Whig stretched) to the United Provinces.22 in Prussian hands. The Prussians, who part of Luxembourg, meaning King
Foreign Secretary. ‘The noble lord, The maps to which is referred must are after all sitting at the conference William loses it. To compensate this,
who at first had been talking about be A map of the Austrian possessions table in London, are very confident William gets the right bank of the river
the protocols with utmost stiffness, in the Netherlands or Low Countries, the Duchy will remain in the German Meuse and Maastricht. Fig. 4. Carte de la province de Luxembourg: annexe à l’article 2 des traités
seemed more inclined to appreciate with the principalities of Liege and Confederation. Besides, who would signés à Londres le 19 avril 1839 entre la Belgique d’une part et les Pays-Bas
what we were saying by the end of Stavelo (sic), &ca. Reduced from the be able to defy their military power? The third partition of Luxembourg de l’autre part, et l’Autriche, la France, la Grande-Bretagne, la Prusse et la
Russie de l’autre part/lithographiée et publiée par Konen,
the conversation .’ 19 The next day trigonometric survey made by order of Surely not a bunch of Brussels How was this part of Luxembourg
Lord Grey, Prime Minister, grants H.R.H. the Prince Charles of Lorraine. hooligans? outlined? In fact, the idea comes from Source: Musée Dräi Eechelen,Luxembourg,
him an interview. ‘At first, he seemed London, published by William Faden, As for the province of Limburg, here the French (remember Talleyrand, The map being used is the Carte de
to regard the whole thing as a Geographer to His Majesty, Jany. 1st, also the Belgian rebels are in control, though his initial partition plan for la province de Luxembourg annexed
Succession of events
phantasm. I used an atlas. The map of 1789. (see Fig. 3- centrefold) except for the city of Maastricht, held Belgium was never accepted) who to article 2 of the treaties signed in
the Low Countries was open while I They were inserted in his World Atlas by the Dutch. saw the whole buffer theory the other • September 1830: troubles and London on 19 April 1839 between
explained the issue of Limbourg and from 1811. If the previous quotation way around, of course, and who fighting with Dutch troops Belgium and The Low Countries,
the enclaves. He ended up admitting is referring to two maps, I think we All hell breaks loose! • 4 October 1830: the
wanted a buffer against the German and between Austria, France,
that the conference hadn’t grasped are only talking about one map here: It is clear King William cannot accept Confederation. Also, they wanted to Gouvernement Provisoire Great-Britain, Prussia and Russia/
the full extent of the principles it had indeed, Faden’s map consists of two the Treaty of the Eighteen Articles: he secure their economic interests in the (formed by nine leaders lithographed and published by Konen.
proclaimed. Things have been decided, pages and each page ‘addresses’ a wants to keep both Luxembourg and region: Liège was very much a market of the rebellion) declares (Fig. 4)
he said, just stick to them. Nothomb problem Belgium was facing: the Limburg. In August 1831 a Dutch army for French produce, so the roads independence of the new state
didn’t ask any better. 20 attribution of Zeelandic Flanders on invades Belgium: it is the start of connecting it to that part of France, via Belgium Jean-Jacques Konen, a Brussels
Later Nothomb will write about his the one hand, the issue of Limburg and the Ten Days Campaign. The Belgian Arlon, were very important. And the engraver, printer and publisher
• 4 November 1830: a ceasefire
stay in London he didn’t notice the city, Luxembourg on the other. army lacks unity in command due to French city of Sedan would be better made the original map on which the
is proposed to the belligerent
nor the weather: ‘J’étais comme un So, since the Powers were using Faden political and military discord and is ‘protected’ in their view by adding the borderline was drawn; it was then re-
parties by London
amoureux’.21 He is then 25. a couple of months earlier, it isn’t soon in a state of complete confusion. Bouillon area 26 to Belgium instead of lithographed with the colours showing
illogical to think the Atlas Nothomb The brand new Belgian king Leopold • 17 November 1830: a secret
leaving it to Luxembourg. which parts went to which party by
18 Too much to enumerate here.
was referring to in Grey’s cabinet was I sees no other option than to call protocol is made with two
So, Luxembourg is split up again, along James Wyld (Geographer to Queen
19 Original text :‘ Le noble lord qui avait also Faden’s World Atlas. But that is in the help of the French. French maps by Faden
a line that is roughly described in the Victoria), London; in all the different
d’abord parlé des protocoles avec je ne
speculation. We will probably never troops arrive and on 12 August 1831 an • 20 & 27 January 1831: Protocol versions one can find in the different
sais quelle raideur, paraissait vers la fin de Treaty and sketched on a map. To the
la conversation mieux apprécier ce que know. armistice is signed. with the Bases de Séparation national archives, the signatures
east of the line the territory would
nous lui disions’.
Passing on the hot potato remain Luxembourgian, to the west it
• 26 June 1831: Treaty of the differ: sometimes Talleyrand’s is
The reaction in London
20 Original text: ‘Il parut d’abord traiter would become Belgian: the province of
Eighteen Articles, confirming on it, sometimes the Dutch one is
So Nothomb has made quite an The Major Powers are not amused:
la chose de chimère. J’ai eu recours à un Luxembourg 27.
the Bases de Séparation missing (versions from before 1839, no
impression in London, one could they see the French intervention as
atlas. La carte des Pays-Bas était ouverte
say. On 26 June 1831 the Treaty of the • 21 July 1831: King Leopold I is doubt), sometimes the Belgian one is
devant nous tandis que j’expliquais la proof of the incapacity of the new state
Eighteen Articles is issued, intended 25 aka the Treaty of London of 1839, sworn in missing; and the copy in The Hague
question du Limbourg et des enclaves. to aptly defend itself. Great-Britain
also called the First Treaty of London, • 2 August 1831 start of the Ten is a different map altogether: ‘réduite
Il finit par convenir que la conference to be the legal translation of the Bases
n’avait pas envisagé toute la portée des 23 Original text ‘Les cinq puissances the Convention of 1839, the Treaty of
Days Campaign sur la carte officielle’ and published by
de Séparation (protocols of 20 and 27 Separation, the Quintuple Treaty of 1839.
prémisses qu’elle avait posées dans son emploieront leurs bons offices pour Mary-Muller et Cie, Bruxelles.
January 1831). Although, not quite so ... • 12 August 1831: Armistice
texte. La chose est faite, conclut-il, tenez- que le statu quo dans le Duché de 26 This is the city of Bouillon and the Nothomb, no longer present in London,
vous-y.’ Nothomb ne demandait pas autre Luxembourg soit maintenu pendant le canton Paliseul. • 4 October 1831: Treaty of the
chose; Ruzette, Jacques, J.-B. Nothomb, cours de la negotiation séparée...’ is heartbroken. When he learns the
XXIV Articles
Brussels, (La Renaissance du Livre, coll. 56 27 The road Arlon (B) - Longwy (F) border will be drawn in Rodange, he
‘Notre Passé’), 1946; p. 53
24 On the other hand, the question of and Arlon – Bastogne (B) is explicitly • 8 June 1839: ratification of the writes to Le Hon: ‘You cut me in half.
22 Trévire et Nervien, Les traités de 1831 et the joined rights of both parties over
21 ‘I felt like I was in love’; Ruzette, o.c., p. 1839, Bruxelles et Paris, 1918, p. 40, n. 2 Maastricht is confirmed in the Treaty..
mentioned as important guideline, as Treaty of the XXIV Articles Your line drawn on Rodange crosses
is the river Sûre and the borders of the
arrondissement Diekirch (L).

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

22 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY INTERVIEW 23

How I Got
Into Cartography
Interview with Michael Bischoff
Curator at the Weserrenaissance-Museum in Lemgo, Germany

by Luis A. Robles-Macias
Michael Bischoff
bischoff@museum-schloss-brake.de

Michael Bischoff, born in 1970 and by historical maps. They give us a deep and in 2015 the international exhibi-
living in Berlin, is an art historian insight not only into the development tion – in cooperation with the map
who works as curator at the of geographical knowledge but also department of the Staatsbibliothek
Weserrenaissance-Museum at the into general world views of the past. zu Berlin – ‘Weltvermesser – Das
Brake castle in Lemgo, Germany. His For example, when maps reflect the Goldene Zeitalter der Kartographie’
research and publications concern European vision of foreign countries [Measuring the World – The Golden
graphic arts, architecture, history of and peoples or the upcoming idea of Age of Cartography]. ‘Weltvermesser’
science and cartography of the early Eurocentrism in the early modern provided an overview of European
Fig. 5. Carte de la province de Luxembourg, Bruxelles, Etablissement géographique de Bruxelles fondé par Philippe modern period in Central Europe. He period. Last, but not least, historical cartography from the 15th to the 18th
Vandermaelen en 1830, in Atlas de la Belgique en 10 feuilles: comprenant la carte générale du royaume et chacune des
curated an international conference in maps are more than knowledge stores. centuries.1
provinces ou se trouvent toutes les communes, les routes, rivières et canaux, 1834.
2014, and an exhibition in 2015 – both Most of them are genuine works of
Philippe Vandermaelen was arguably Belgium’s greatest geographer and cartographer of the 19th century. He is best known at the Weserrenaissance-Museum in art. These are some of the things I find One of its topics I found particularly
for his Atlas Universel (1825-1827), the first world atlas with all maps made on the same scale and using lithography. He also
made the first topographic map of the new country, using the carte marchande by Ferraris. 2015. exciting about old maps. interesting: the extensive scientific
library of Count Simon VI of Lippe,
my commune... But let's leave aside And all that time the statu quo we saw the borderline. On 7 and 8 August What does cartography What exactly does your day-to- the builder of the Renaissance cas-
personal interests, it is necessary earlier will remain: Belgium holds 1843 (sic!) an agreement is signed in mean to you? day work involve ? tle Brake, which is preserved today
that the line is drawn so that it meets Limburg and Luxembourg, except Maastricht and a map is attached, in the Lippische Landesbibliothek in
the Chiers between Longwy and for its two ‘capitals’, Maastricht and showing the borderline between the Maps offer orientation. They provide As a curator at the Weserrenaissance- Detmold, one of our partner institu-
Halanzy.’28 (which it will not). To Luxembourg city. And all is peace and Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg and me with an idea of places where I had Museum at the Brake castle since 2005, tions. This library includes nearly all
which a fretful Le Hon responds: ‘Why quiet for eight long years. Belgium in gold,signed by the different been to, of regions which I do not yet I am responsible for the collection of important atlases, town books, travel
is your family going astray beyond commissaries30. know or which I will never get to know. prints and drawings which includes a literature or astronomical treatises
Rodange?’’29 1839 And so, thirteen years after the Furthermore I appreciate maps since small stock of maps and views/panora- from the time around 1600. Simon VI
As in all Solomonian Judgements this On 14 March 1838, after a lot of pres- 1830 Belgian Rebellion, a country they help to illustrate an unlimited mas from the 16th to the 18th centuries. was a collector of scientific instru-
Treaty has the characteristic that sion, King William informs London he was finally formed, with official variety of complex facts linked to geo- The focus of our museum’s presenta- ments and he personally carried out
none of the parties is really happy will sign the Treaty. Political Belgium borderlines and with a territory graphical space – this goes far beyond tion lies on the art and cultural history astronomical observations. He was in
with it. And indeed, the Belgian is flabbergasted. There are Belgian that could have been very different, the weather forecast: for example, en- of Central Europe in the early modern contact with famous scientists of his
Congrès National has great difficulty flags and manifestations everywhere: possibly not containing a province of vironmental data from biodiversity to period. In the past our cultural-histor- time, among them the astronomers
with it but finally accepts it (on strong Limburg and Luxembourg simply be- Luxembourg ... (Fig. 5). pollution, or sociological information ical exhibitions included maps in order Tycho Brahe and Landgrave William
instigation of Nothomb, among others). long to Belgium now! such as population density or distri- to visualize time and geographical IV of Hesse, the mathematician and
King William however refuses to sign bution of poverty. This every-day use I space of the subject presented. These maker of astronomical instruments
and will continue refusing until 1839. During the debate in the Chamber a surely share with most people. exhibitions provided the opportunity Jost Bürgi, or the geographer Johann
delegate gets a stroke and dies. There to enlarge our inventory of maps and Michael Gigas. The count’s books
28 Original text : ‘Vous me coupez en
deux. Votre ligne tirée sur Rodange is even a negotiation with the House Apart from this, maps have always views. illustrate the important role which
30 Watelet, Marcel, Luxembourg en
traverse ma commune... Mais laissons de of Rothschild in Paris for a loan, to aroused my curiosity for places on geography and astronomy played for
cartes et plans, cartographie historique
côté les intérets personnels, il faut que buy the territory Belgium will lose. earth unknown to me. A map’s beauty Besides, it was up to me to curate an educated Renaissance ruler. This
de l’espace luxembourgois XVe-
la ligne soit tracée de manière qu’elle
To no avail, the Powers are adamant: XIX siècle, Tielt, Lannoo, 1989, p. 51; for me is closely linked with its expedi- three exhibitions on cartography, topic is going to keep me busy in the
recontre la Chiers entre Longwy et
Halanzy..’ the Treaty will be executed. It is unfortunately, Watelet doesn’t mention ency, which is based on a good aver- since one of my research aims fo- future, too.
the whereabouts of this map; During our
ratified on 8 June 1839. In accordance age between abstraction and visual cuses on the history of science: two
29 ‘Pourquoi aussi votre famille va-t-elle excursion to Luxembourg in May (see 1 www.weltvermesser.de Reviewed at
s’égarer par delà Rodange?’; Ruzette, o.c., with art. 6 a mixed Belgian-Dutch elsewhere in this magazine) efforts will be evidence. I am particularly fascinated cabinet exhibitions in 2003 and 2014, IMCoS Journal, Winter 2015, No. 143, pp.
p. 64 commission is appointed to implement made to see this map too. 54-57

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

24 INTERVIEW BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS 25

What did you need to study/ As a final comment, perhaps Annual General Meeting 2018
where have you needed to gain you’d like to tell us the ‘best
experience to get this far? thing’, in your view, about your
The Map Circle’s Annual General Bodenstein and Eric Leenders, and In her welcome address President
cartographical life right now.
I am an art historian. Beside my main Meeting took place on Saturday 24 nine other current members of the Caroline De Candt stressed that this
subject I have studied classical ar- On the one hand, the face-to-face March at 10.00 in the Boardroom of the Executive Committee (EC), except our meeting was the first step in a year of
chaeology, history and mathematics. encounter with rare and exciting Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels. secretary, Karen De Coene, who could celebrations of the twentieth anniver-
At university I had set my focus on cartographical treasures, which open Twenty-one active members not make it to this AGM. There was no sary of the Circle.
Renaissance art and book history. a window to the past for me. On the participated in the meeting, including change to the list of active members
At the Weserrenaissance-Museum I other hand, I appreciate the several our two former presidents, Wulf (28 in total).
am involved with Renaissance art in inspiring meetings, new acquaintances
Central Europe, with architecture and and friends as well as the professional
prints. My exhibitions on cartography network which my involvement with
and a symposium on that topic were a the history of cartography brought me.
welcome occasion for intensive studies
on the history of cartography as one
important aspect of the history of
sciences of the early modern period.
My training as an art historian is
helpful for one of the focuses of my
research: the figurative representa-
tions, allegories and symbols on the
title pages of atlases and geographical
or astronomical literature, or on the
margins of maps.. Atlas Novus from Mattheo Seutter 1735

Are there careers to be made in Where do you see yourself going

cartography ? from here?
I’m afraid that I’m not the right I would be glad if my future profes- Presentation of the 2017 Activity Report.
contact for that question since I am sional work would continue to offer As usual, Jean-Louis Renteux had Jean-Christophe Staelens and Henri received by the curator Ron Guleij.
not a map historian in the classical the occasion to deal with the history of made a slide-show to support our Godts put a lot of effort into the prepa- Organiser of the day, Marie-Anne
sense. Geography, astronomy and map cartography. Besides some publication memory and to illustrate the report! ration of this Map Afternoon (MAPAF) Dage, together with our Dutch member
history are a part-time, but important, projects on this subject, at the moment and, in particular, in elaborating a Hans Kok arranged a lunch for us in an
sideline of my professional activities, I am preparing an exhibition on travel- The Executive Committee held four better structured cooperation with the Indonesian restaurant: a traditional
which meets my personal preferences ling in the early modern period, which meetings, with the usual items on the KBR, which henceforth will regularly rijsttafel. See also the review in MiH
in geography and maps. I have gained will be presented in Lemgo next year. agenda: the excursion, the conference, host our MAPAF. The KBR has very 59.
the impression that career opportuni- the AGM/MAPAF and of course always well responded to our proposal of Members of the Circle were also
ties for historians of cartography are Of course I would love in the future to keeping an eye on the finances. This closer cooperation, so we may now invited to visit an exhibition of
rather scarce in Germany, since such be at a spot where my day-to-day work year two special topics stood out: the hope to see some special items from beautiful city maps, from the
positions in libraries, museums, map includes the contact with historical celebration of the 20th anniversary their collection at every MAPAF. The collection of our guide Stanislas De
collections or universities are limited. maps: I would like to take up the chal- of the Circle and the moving of our highlight of the 2017 version was the Peuter, in the Sint-Niklaas Mercator
lenge of being a curator in this field, venue for the EC meetings to Henri presentation by Jacques Mille of a new- Museum. And there was another very
Would you describe your career working with an exciting collection Godts’ new address. So, after so many ly discovered portolan chart: see the fine exhibition in Ghent, in the Sint-
path to date as ‘straightfor- and being able to present my treas- years, our last EC meeting was held on article in MiH 59. Pietersabdij, where our member Jan De
ward’? ures in breathtaking exhibitions to an Avenue Louise.... See MiH 60: Arenberg Graeve served as guide: Under time’s
enthusiastic public Auctions is born! EXCURSION (6 MAY 2017) AND spell – In de ban van de tijd.
In a way my career from university – EXHIBITIONS.
via doctoral thesis and two years of AGM AND MAPAF (22 APRIL 2017) The Circle was given a guided tour of PARIS MAP FAIR (4 NOVEMBER
museum trainee ship – into a museum The AGM tackled the usual items on the fascinating exhibition No business
2017)
does indeed look straightforward. the agenda, focusing on the activities without battle, the world of the VOC,
But my professional interaction with of the Circle and the finances. (report: the Dutch East India Company. This We shouldn’t forget to mention the
the history of cartography is rather see MiH 59). was in the Dutch National Archives in presence of our Circle since many
incidental.. Luis A. Robles-Macias The Hague, where we were very well years now at this Fair. A nice account
luis.a.robles.macias@gmail.com

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

26 BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS 27

MAPAF 2018
is published in MiH 60, showing Wulf ‘MAPS IN HISTORY’ WEB SITE AND WHATSMAP?
Bodenstein, Alex Smit and Paul De The preparation and publication of Another continuing effort to maintain Report of the Special Anniversary Edition
Candt, our ‘ambassadors’ who made it our magazine again absorbed a large contact with all our members, even
to Paris. proportion of our resources. Jean- if they cannot attend our events, Saturday 24 March 2018
Louis Renteux continued to manage was made by Pierre Parmentier who
CONFERENCE (9 DECEMBER the process, while Paul De Candt persistently updates and improves Royal Library of Belgium, Brussels
2017): EARLY MAPS OF took care of the lay-out and printing our web site. For more than a year
INDONESIA arrangements. Quality control was now, thanks to the good offices of
ensured by the Editorial Committee our member Chris Van Hauwaert,
A Europalia year, so a set theme again,
our monthly electronic newsletter
Anniversary celebration
this time Indonesia. Speakers came comprising Wulf Bodenstein, Nicola
Boothby, Wouter Bracke, Lisette WhatsMap? informs and reminds our
from The Netherlands, not surpris- members of interesting events and At 12.00 on 24 March, the Brussels Circle’ in 1998, mentioning the
Danckaert, Francis Herbert and Pierre
ingly, Portugal and Great-Britain/ exhibitions, the detail of which they Map Circle offered a reception in founding members (including Jean-
Parmentier. The three issues published
Indonesia. See MiH 60 for the account can find on www.bimcc.org. the ‘Skyroom’ on the top floor of the Louis Renteux) who signed up for the
over the year reached a total size of 128
and the article in this issue. Royal Library to celebrate its 20th creation of this association under
pages!
anniversary. Members of the Circle Belgian law.
and of the KBR ‘Maps and Plans’
department shared a glass of ‘bubbles’ He also evoked the very first ‘Map
Caroline De Candt announcing Wulf
Presentation and approval of the accounts for 2017 and a gourmet sandwich lunch. Afternoon’ which took place almost Bodenstein, the founding father of
exactly 20 years before (on 30 March the Map Circle.
Treasurer Eddy Masschalck presented Circle again lost a sponsor and one was distributed in 16 countries. The In his speech, Wulf Bodenstein 1998) in a local school, the ‘Collège
the financial report that had been auctioneer. The good news is that we cost for printing and sending MiH is recalled how he had created the Saint-Michel’, naming those present,
approved by the statutory auditors. keep continue to have a number of slightly less than in the past, since we ‘Brussels International Map Collectors’ then and now: Lisette Danckaert, Caroline De Candt followed on with
Without any subsidiary support the faithful sponsors and benefactors. updated the non-paying distribution Henri Godts, Francis Herbert, Hans the evocation of key events in the life
Map Circle again produced a positive We had 112 paying members and our list (‘publicity list’). Kok and Jean-Louis Renteux. of our Circle (which became known
result. However, this year the Map magazine, ‘Maps in History’ (MiH), as ‘Brussels Map Circle’) under
Wulf also mentioned a few of the the presidency of her predecessor,
Presentation and approval of the draft budget 2018 BIMCC achievements during the Eric Leenders, and her own. She
ten years of his presidency. He was particularly remembered our
Included in the budget for 2018 are celebration of our 20th anniversary, catering (half price for the renting, due particularly happy to have organised ‘diplomatic’ visit to the Map Museum
the usual items: printing cost (MiH), at this MAPAF and, in December, at to the good offices of Jan De Graeve the first BIMCC Conference in the in Bucharest, the excursion to
free events for members, EC etc. The the Plantin-Moretus museum with an and Pierre Dumolin). framework of the Europalia festival in Valenciennes and, of course, the four
main item for the 2018 budget is the estimated € 5.000 for the renting and 2007, when its theme was Europe; it days’ excursion cum symposium in
coincided with the official opening of Rome... She concluded by announcing
Discharge of EC members was approved. an exhibition of maps of Europe in the more anniversary celebrations in the
Royal Library and it was the first time prestigious framework of the Plantin-
(Re)election of EC members for 3 years. that our Conference was hosted there. Moretus Museum in Antwerp on 1
Lisette Danckaert receiving flowers for December 2018.
All EC members remain in office, her resignation on hold so that she resignation as an EC member should her 20 years of EC membership.
except for Lisette Danckaert. She would be able to participate in all 20th become effective as from next AGM.
presented her resignation after 20 anniversary events of the Circle as Anyway, she remains on the Editorial
years as an EC-member because she a full EC-member. She was grateful Committee and continues as an Active
believes it’s time for younger people to the AGM for this proposal and Member. Treasures from the Royal Library Brussels
to step in. The AGM proposed to put accepted it. She suggested that her
After the celebrations, all moved to the (c. 1850), recently acquired, and a ter-
Change of seat of the Circle ‘Salle Antoine De Smet’ where Dr Colin restrial one by A.N. Lebègue (c. 1890),
Dupont, Head of the 'Maps and Plans' the latter of a very small size (diameter
As this is a change to the statutes, This was no problem: from now on the department , assisted by Imke Hansen, 10 cm) and kept in its original decorat-
2/3 of the Active Members need to be new address is Wolstraat 19 Rue aux librarian, and by Morgane Degryse, ed wooden box. This to draw attention
present/represented and 2/3 of them Laines, 1000 Brussels. apprentice, had prepared a selection to Brussels as a centre for the produc-
need to approve. of cartographic treasures from the tion of (didactical) globes and other ge-
Library. ographical objects in the 19th century,
rich in explorations worldwide.
Jean-Louis Renteux Caroline De Candt
To start with, Colin Dupont showed
Vice-President, acting Secretary President
two globes : a celestial globe by P. Maes
Colin Dupont showing several globes

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28 BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS 29

Margueritte Silvestre talking about the Vandermaelen Luis Robles commentating a Portolan map of
offices Bartolomeo Lasso (c. 1588)

In a second presentation, Colin Another unique highlight of the having remained hermetically closed
showed three unique loose-sheet collection was shown by Imke Hansen: for 40 years in the Library of Foreign Hans Kok (left) comments on a map of Yokohama Admiring and discussing Globes....
original townplans (among others one of the original copperplates (in Affairs (since its key was lost), had
Arlon), drawn by Jacob van Deventer pristine condition !) from which been transferred to the KBR. On co-sellers (agents) engraved along military transport to Hamburg in in full colour and in a rather naïve
(c. 1505-1575), geographer to Charles V the maps of the ‘Carte Marchande’ the special occasion of our 20th the bottom margin: i.e. the map trade Antiquity; 3° a very large panoramic but vivid style, figuring among other
and Philip II. As stated by Colin, their by Count de Ferraris (1777) were Anniversary, our former President aspect. view of Yokohama (woodcut, coloured, things Belgium with ‘Manneke Pis’, the
outline and topographical information printed, together with an original 18th shed some light on two continental c. 1870) showing ships of all nations in ‘Atomium’, chocolate and frites...
does suggest that this collection of century offprint and a 20 th century maps of this collection : one by Nicolas As usual, Hans Kok (President of the bay; 4° a map of Scandinavia with
plans was aimed at constituting a zincography. Picart after Jodocus Hondius (Paris, IMCoS) brought us some curious sea-monsters after Olaus Magnus This brought us back to Brussels where
geo-political inventory of the towns 1644) with decorated margins showing samples from his large collection : (woodcut, Basel edition, 1567) and 5° it all started 20 years ago.
and their wider surroundings in the native people and townviews, and a 1° an aviation map Biarritz-Madrid- one of 40 rare large double page maps
mid-16th century Netherlands, rather very large one by Louis Desnos after Sevilla-Tanger for visual navigation from ‘Licht der Zeevaardt’ by Willem Thanks to all for their contributions
than an instrument for military or Hubert Jaillot (1782). (1934) also used by cyclo-enthusiasts; Jansz. Blaeu (1608), this sheet from the to this special anniversary edition and
strategic use. 2° an historical map by Altingh 1620 reprint by Janssonius. thanks to the Royal Library, to Colin
After the treasures of the KBR, a few (1718) with the outline of the Roman Dupont and his staff to have made it
Back to 19th century Brussels with members showed items they had ‘Fossa Drusiana’ cutting through the Lastly, Alex Smit found, at a museum happen.
Marguerite Silvestre, ex-KBR staff and brought for the MAPAF as usual. watershed between Rhine and Oude shop on one of his trips through Italy,
specialist of Philippe Vandermaelen IJssel to access the IJssel river for a recently published atlas for children,
(1795-1865). By means of contemporary Francis Herbert (formerly of the Royal
maps, she gave the exact location of Geographical Society, London) showed
Original copperplate made for the Carte
his ‘Etablissement géographique’ in us his unique copy of the 1837 edition
Marchande by Ferraris -1777.
Molenbeek (near the Canal and the of Goujon’s ‘Carte physique et politique
‘Chaussée de Gand’) and evoked the As a specialist on maps of Africa, de l’Europe’, a delicately engraved
daily scene of his multiple activities the Circle’s Founding Father Wulf map published several times during
by showing lithographic prints with Bodenstein recently had the privilege the 1830s by A.H. Brué but based
representations of the site and its of taking a first look at a collection of on J. Goujon’s original dated 1821;
buildings. maps of the Dark Continent which, he emphasised the list of European

With Luis Robles we explored the seas

on a 16th century portolan drawn on
vellum by Portuguese Bartolomeo
Lasso (c. 1588): ‘Portulan des mers de
l’Europe...’, one of the highlights of
the collection of the Royal Library.
As a rather late specimen of this
type of map, its geographical image
and overall presentation is a mix of
characteristics of the older and tradi-
tional portolans with some elements
of a more modern continental map.
An amusing detail : the imaginary
A general view of the participants at the map room "Salle Antoine De Smet".
island of ‘Frieslandia’ to the north of
Henri Godts
Greenland.
henri@arenbergauctions.com
Wulf Bodensetin commenting the Louis Denos map of Africa. (1782).

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30 BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS 31

The Brussels Map Circle

Programme for 2018 December 2018: Celebration of the Brussels Map Circle’s 20th anniversary!
Saturday 1 december 2018 at 18.00

Saturday 26 May and Sunday 27 May 2018: Annual Excursion

‘1839 : when Luxembourg was last cut to pieces’

Arlon and Luxembourg - City, Belgium and Luxembourg

This is your chance to learn why Belgium has a province called Luxembourg, just like the Grand Duchy, and why
the border between both territories runs where it runs...
A particular focus will be on the last partition in 1839, as a consequence of the 1830 Belgian rebellion.

Schedule
• Saturday 26 May
• 10.00 – 12.00: State Archives of Belgium in Arlon
• 12.00 - 14.00: From Arlon to Luxembourg including lunch The Plantin Moretus Building on the Vrijdagmarkt 22 in the The Plantin Moretus Printing room
• 14.00 – 16.00: Archives Nationales de Luxembourg City of Antwerp
• 16.00 – 18.00: Walk in Luxembourg City
• 20.00: Dinner
The Circle decided to make this whole library with the works of the Officina collections of manuscripts, paintings
year a celebration year, starting with Plantiniana, that dates back to and prints, showing masterpieces of
• Sunday 27 May a festive AGM and MAPAF in the 1555. Bibles, scientific works and the museum.
• 10.00 – 12.00: Musée Dräi Eechelen in Luxembourg Royal Library in Brussels (you can dictionaries were published here,
• 12.00 - 14.30: From Luxembourg to Arlon including lunch read the report in this magazine) and as well as many maps and atlases, Of course, appropriate catering will be
• 14.30 – 16.30: Musée Gaspar in Arlon : visit "Arlon chef-lieu de concluding in a suitable place, related Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terrarum organised on the spot. We plan to make
province, un destin entre les deux Luxembourg" to our field of interest: the Plantin- arguable being the most famous one. this a festive and interesting night to
• 16.30: the end Moretus Museum in Antwerp. (www. remember!
museumplantinmoretus.be) In this grand decor we offer our All practical details, with the exact
members and their partners, who are schedule and how to register, will
City of Luxembourg - Braun & Hogenberg- 1580
Under the academic guidance of: This museum is UNESCO World cordially invited, a private evening on be published on our website, in the
David Colling, curator of the Musée Gaspar in Arlon Heritage, as it still is housed in the Saturday 1 December 2018. September issue of MiH and of course
• Jean-Claude Muller, linguist, Premier Conseiller de Gouvernement at the Ministère d'État, president of the original residence and workshop of also in WhatsMap?
Association de Généalogie et d'Héraldique, president of the Institut archéologique du Luxembourg, former the publishing dynasty. It contains – Indeed, from 18.00 on we will have the
head of the Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg; among many other things - the oldest museum all to ourselves. There will be Don’t forget to note 1 December 2018 in
printing presses in the world and a guided tours to the buildings and the your diary !
• Philippe Nilles, Conservateur at the Section moderne at the Archives nationales de Luxembourg;
• François Reinert, historian, Conservateur délégué à la direction at the Musée Dräi Eechelen, Conservateur at
the Cabinet des médailles et estampes of the Musée national d'histoire et d'art;
• Michel Trigalet, historian, head of department at the State Archives of Belgium in Arlon.

Registration on our website is kindly required

Venues:

• Archives de l’État in Arlon, Parc des Expositions 9, 6700 Arlon, Belgium

• Archives Nationales de Luxembourg in Luxembourg, Plateau du Saint-Esprit, 1475 Luxembourg
• Musée Dräi Eechelen in Luxembourg, 5 Park Dräi Eechelen, 1499 Luxembourg
• Musée Gaspar in Arlon, rue des Martyrs 16, 6700 Arlon, Belgium.

Caroline De Candt
carolinedecandt@gmail.com
The Plantin Moretus Library

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

32 INTERNATIONAL NEWS INTERNATIONAL NEWS 33

UNESCO Memory of the World Register - 1525 Ptolemy’s Geography re-united at

Great Siege of Malta Maps by Giovanni Princeton University
Francesco Camocio
In addition to the World Heritage list Great Siege of Malta Claudius Ptolemy wrote his With Jan’s permission,
of cultural and natural sites, UNESCO of 1565. Should one Geography in the second century Luis took pictures of a
maintains the ‘Memory of the World of the states be lost A.D., and following its rediscovery couple of pages from
International Register’, established or damaged, the in Constantinople in about 1300, the book and sent them
with the aim of preserving and integrity of this series it became one of the most popular to Chet by email; Chet
digitizing humanity's documentary would be irreparably geographical texts of the European replied quickly with an ‘I
heritage. compromised. Renaissance, copied in many owe you a beer!’.
manuscripts and printed in many
Maps of the Great Siege of Malta by It cannot be editions. Extant copies of these early Not only was Jan's book
Giovanni Francesco Camocio (fl. emphasized enough editions are prized, and costly, items another issue of the
second half 16th century) have recently that Great Siege maps for collectors. same edition of Ptolemy's
been recognised as exceptional are precious primary Geography. It also was
documentary heritage and inscribed sources that act as In 2015, our member Jan De Graeve, annotated in the same
Four maps forming a unique narrative of the Great Siege
on this register. the visual equivalent of 1565 have been given world recognition by UNESCO, who is reconstituting the scientific hand! Very likely, the
This followed the discovery in 2013 to written accounts making it into the Memory of the World Register. library of Gerard Mercator with two book fragments -
of State 2 of this map at the Charles of this battle, which original 16th century books, was looking the one at Princeton
University Map Collection in Prague, determined the course of the history A ceremony took place on 5 April for the 1522 Ptolomaeus edition which and the one owned by
which provided the opportunity to of the Mediterranean and Europe in 2018 at the Nostic Palace, Prague, by was part of Mercator’s collection. Jan - were two halves of
link it with States 1, 3 and 4 found the 16th century. invitation from the Minister of Culture one and the same book.
in the Cartographic Collection at of the Czech Republic, PhDr. Ilja Šmíd, This was not available anywhere and Chet contacted Jan, who
the National Museum of Fine Arts, In view of this, the virtual for the ceremonial handover of the Jan, instead, bought the text part of a invited him over to study
Valletta, Malta. This significant merge amalgamation of States 1, 3 and 4 with certificates of Memory of the World 1525 Ptolomaeus, without maps, which his book; this took place,
thus permanently sealed this four- State 2 is effective in bringing together International Register. Joseph Schiro he found at an auction in Italy. with Princeton's support,
state series of maps, which collectively two overseas institutions sharing and Bernadine Scicluna represented in late September 2015.
fill one of the many lacunae in the the common goal of educating and the Malta Map Society at this When friends visited his library/ "Claudii Ptolemaei Geographicae ... " map page of the
visual chronicle of the well-known empowering the public. ceremony. museum, which he calls home, he In 2016 Princeton Princeton University Atlas of 1525 (part UK and Ireland)
told them about this new find. Among University library had One can clearly see the annotations made on this
map. Annotations by the same handwriting on the
them, Luis Robles who had recently the project to digitize
PHIMCOS, the Philippine Map Collectors’ moved from California to Brussels,
noticed it was heavily annotated. A bell
the 1525 Ptolomaeus
to celebrate the 100th
text - part of Jan D e Graeves' book proved the two
atlas-parts to be from the same atlas.

Society – Update. rang in his head: he remembered that

Chet van Duzer 1 had told him about
anniversary of their purchase (in 1917).
They inquired if Jan would be willing
Jan’s half book arrived at Princeton
in November 2016. The reunited book
his research on the large number of to collaborate so as to digitize both has been digitized and is now available
A few years ago we introduced this the maritime trade routes through annotations on one of the maps of a parts of the original volume. This was online for all to consult (https://
association to our readers (MiH50, east and southeast Asia; the European 1525 Ptolemy edition held at Princeton a great project and could be beneficial catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/3943643).
September 2014, p. 29). Since then, exploration of those trade routes; the University Library. for all. Jan agreed and proposed to
PHIMCOS has accomplished a lot, in search for faster and safer sea passages swap his book for a 1522 Ptolomaeus In the mean time, in 2017, Chet has
particular a number of exhibitions to and within the archipelago; and the edition, but Princeton did not have that published his research on ‘Schemes
were organised. The most recent one use of new, improved charts for the copy available. So they offered to buy of Annotation in Copies of Ptolemy’s
was held in 2017 to commemorate safety of seafarers. 1 Chet Van Duzer is now a Research Jan’s book .He accepted so as to be able Geography at the Lilly Library,
Fellow at Stanford University, David
their 10th anniversary: Mapping the One may get an idea of this exhibition to complete his collection with other Library of Congress, and Princeton’
Rumsey Map Center. Our readers will
Philippine Seas; it showcased 166 by viewing a nice video, ‘Philippines remember that he contributed to MiH 46 16th century scientific books which (https://www.academia.edu/34062931/
maps and charts of the Philippine maps through time’ on their website: December) or serve as an introduction (May 2013). He also published an article were part of Mercator’s library. Schemes_of_Annotation_in_Copies_
archipelago and its surrounding seas www.phimcos.org, which can provide to the first part of this year’s IMCoS about the 1525 Ptolemy: of_Ptolemy_s_Geography_at_the_
Chet Van Duzer, “Distant Sons of Adam:
from the 16th to the 19th centuries, an interesting complement to the Symposium which they organise in Lilly_Library_Library_of_Congress_
A Newly Discovered Early Voice on the
highlighting the historical importance history of maps of the Spice Islands Manila (15 – 17 October) – see details on Origin of the Peoples of the New World,” and_Princeton).
of the location of the Philippines along (ref. our Conference on Indonesia last www.imcos-2018-manila.com. Viator 47.3 (2016), pp. 365-385

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61

34 AUCTION CALENDAR THE BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE (BIMCC ASBL/ VZW) 35

The Brussels Map Circle

Auction calendar 2018 AIMS AND FUNCTIONS
The Circle was created, as the
HONORARY PRESIDENTS
Wulf Bodenstein
OTHER OFFICERS
• Lisette Danckaert
Arenberg Auctions Loeb-Larocque Paulus Swaen Brussels International Map Collectors’ Avenue des Camélias 71 • Jan De Graeve
Internet Auctions Circle (BIMCC), in 1998 by Wulf 1150 Bruxelles jan@degraeve-geo.eu
(A merging of The Romantic Agony and 31, rue de Tolbiac, Bodenstein. telephone: +32 (0) 2 771 23 14 • Henri Godts
Henri Godts). F-75013 Paris www.swaen.com
e-mail: wulfbo@outlook.com and henri.godts@godts.com
Tel. +33 (0)6 11 80 33 75 or paulus@swaen.com Now known as the Brussels Map wulfbo@scarlet.be • Jean-Christophe Staelens
19, Wolstraat / Rue aux Laines Tel./Fax +33 (0)1 44 24 85 80 Circle, it is a non-profit making as-
19-26 June Eric Leenders jcs@staelens.biz
B-1000 Brussels www.loeb-larocque.com sociation under Belgian law (asbl/vzw
Tel +32 (0)2 647 85 48 11-18 September 0464 423 627). Zwanenlaan 16
info@loeb-larocque.com BECOMING (AND STAYING) A
Fax +32 (0)2 640 73 32 9-16 October Its aims are to:
2610 Antwerpen
arenbergauctions.com telephone: +32 (0) 3 440 10 81 MEMBER
November 2018 (to be confirmed) 13-20 November 1. Provide an informal and convivial e-mail: eric.leenders3@telenet.be Members receive three issues of our
25-26 May 2018 forum for all those with a special-
magazine 'Maps in History' per annum
ist interest in maps, atlases, town EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE and have free admission to most of the
views and books with maps, be they
Bubb Kuyper Venator & Hanstein Peter Kiefer Buch- und PRESIDENT Circle’s events.
collectors, academics, antiquarians,
Cäcilienstrasse 48,
Kunstauktionen Caroline De Candt Non-members pay full rates.
Jansweg 39, NL-2011 KM Haarlem or simply interested in the subject
Burggravenlaan 341 Annual membership: EUR 40.00,
Tel. +31 23 532 39 86 D-50667 Köln Steubenstrasse 36
2. Organise lectures on various as- Students and Juniors under 25:
www.bubbkuyper.com Tel. +49 221 257 54 19 D-75172 Pforzheim 9000 Gent
pects of historical cartography, on EUR 15.00.
info@bubbkuyper.com Fax +49 221 257 55 26 Tel. +49 7231 92 320 telephone: +32(0)9 222 80 14
regions of cartographical interest, To become (and stay!) a member,
www.venator-hanstein.de Fax +49 7231 92 32 16 e-mail: president@bimcc.org
29 May-1 June 2018 on documentation, paper conserva- please pay the membership dues
info@venator-hanstein.de www.kiefer.de, info@kiefer.de
27-30 November 2018 tion and related subjects VICE-PRESIDENT EXCLUSIVELY by bank transfer (no
21-22 September 2018 4-5 May 2018
AND EDITOR (ÉDITEUR cheques please) to our bank account:
3. Organise visits to exhibitions, and
IBAN BE52 0682 4754 2209
to libraries and institutions holding RESPONSABLE)
BIC: GKCCBEBB and notify the
important map and atlas collections.
Jean-Louis Renteux Membership Secretary
In order to achieve these aims, the Circle Rue des Floralies 62 (treasurer@bimcc.org) indicating
organises the following annual events: 1200 Brussels your name and address.
• A MAP-AFTERNOON in March or telephone: + 32 (0)2 770 59 03
e-mail: editor@bimcc.org MAPS IN HISTORY
April, bringing together all those
interested in maps and atlases for The Brussels Map Circle currently pub-
Events Calendar Co-Editor: Paul De Candt
an informal chat about an item from telephone: + 32 (0)475 899 224 lishes three issues per year. It is distrib-
The calendar of events and exhibitions will no longer be printed in this magazine but will instead be sent to you with WhatsMap? their collection – an ideal opportu- e-mail: pdc@aquaterra.be uted, not only to members of the Circle,
nity to get to know the Circle. but also to key institutions (universities,
our new electronic notice, with hyperlinks to the detailed information on our website. TREASURER
• An EXCURSION to a map collection libraries) and to personalities active in
If you have not received the first issues of WhatsMap?, make sure to send us your e-mail address; and do not hesitate to inform us
or exhibition. Eddy Masschalck the field of the history of cartography,
of events and news you would like to share with other members. • An INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE located in 16 different countries.
Ridder van Ranstlei 77
on a specific major topic in December. 2640 Mortsel Please submit articles and contribu-
telephone: +32(0)474934761 tions to the editor (e-mail: editor@
The Brussels Map Circle also publishes
e-mail: treasurer@bimcc.org bimcc.org) by the following deadlines:
Maps in History (formerly known as
Cartographica Paul Bremmers BIMCC Newsletter), three times a year • 15 March for the May edition.
Neerlandica SECRETARY
Antiquariaat and a monthly electronic news bulletin • 15 July for the September edition.
'WhatsMap?'. It also maintains a Karen De Coene • 15 Nov. for the January edition.
The Ortelius Specialist Antique Maps and Prints website. e-mail: secretary@bimcc.org
Items presented for publication are
Information on events and exhibitions
to be placed on the calendar of our
WEBMASTER submitted to the approval of the
Soestdijkseweg 101 Brusselsestraat 91 Editorial Committee.
NL - 3721 AA Bilthoven Maastricht website and announced in WhatsMap? Pierre Parmentier
Signed articles and reviews reflect
Tel +31 30 220 23 96 Tel +31 43 3253762 should be sent to webmaster@bimcc. e-mail: webmaster@bimcc.org
solely the opinions of the author.
info@orteliusmaps.com org
www.paulbremmers.com
SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR
www.orteliusmaps.com info@paulbremmers.com OFFICIAL ADDRESS
c/o Arenberg Auctions Wouter Bracke
Wolstraat 19/2 Rue aux Laines e-mail: wouter.bracke@kbr.be
B-1000 Brussels
www.bimcc.org
info@bimcc.org

MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61 MAY 2018 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 61