THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND IRRIGATION

CO-OPERATIVE DEPARTMENT
CO-OPERATIVE UNIVERSITY, SAGAING

2019-2020 ACADEMIC YEAR

10th READING RESEARCH PAPER

"APPLICATION OF INDEFINITE INTEGRAL AND DEFINITE

INTEGRAL"

PRESENTED BY
ZAW ZAW AUNG, ASSISTANT LECTURER
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

July, 2020
 Application of Indefinite Integral and Definite Integral
Zaw Zaw Aung*
Abstract

This paper is mainly presented about application of indefinite integral, definite

integral and the different concepts between them with real world problems. We construct the
mathematical model for integral and approach to application with real world problems. We
present the different applications between definite integral and indefinite integral. We also
emphasize the application of integral with real world problems.
Introduction
Today is technology age. It is very important to be able to solve daily life problems
such as business, technology, agriculture and manufacturing and so on. It is essential to
know how to apply mathematics, especially, integral calculus in daily life process. There are
two kinds of branch in calculus – integral calculus and differential calculus. Both branches
can be used to solve different problems. Integral is a branch of mathematics known as
integral calculus. Integral calculus involves the essential part of mathematics today. When
we know the derivative of a function, we can determine the original function by the use of
integral. Integral is mainly used to find the area, volume, average value of a function,
surface area, distance, work, velocity and acceleration and so on. In this paper, we present
briefly about the application of integral—definite and indefinite integral —with applied
examples that involves with business. It is an essential and useful subject in different fields
to calculate the estimation of business, economic, military and science and so on. In this
paper, the practical applications of definite and indefinite integral are presented with suitable
business and economic problems.

Objectives of the study

The objectives of this paper are:
(a) To develop the essential skills in integral calculus with practical applications.
(b) To understand the different concepts between indefinite and definite integral.
(c) To know how to apply indefinite and definite integral in real world.

*
Assistant Lecturer, Department of Mathematics, Co-Operative University, Sagaing

1
1. Indefinite Integral
1.1 Anti-derivatives
A function F is an anti-derivative of f on an interval I if F'(x) = f(x) for all x in I.
1.1.1 Theorem 1
Let G be an anti-derivative of a function f. Then, every anti-derivative of F of f must
be of the form F(x)= G(x )+ C, where C is constant.

1.2 Indefinite Integral

When the derivative of a given function is known, the process of finding all anti-
derivatives of a given function is called anti-differentiation, or integration. We use the
symbol  , called an integral sign. This symbol is an elongated S, which is the first letter in
the word "Summation. It indicates that the operation of integration is to be performed on
some functions f. The dx is called the differential and it is to operate the function with
respect to x. The function f is called integrand; the constant C is called the additive
constant of integration or a constant of integration. Finally anti-derivation is called
integration. Thus,

 f ( x)dx
3
I (t )   f (t )dt
0

 f ( x)dx = F ( x)  C , where C is constant.

 f ( x)dx is called the indefinite integral of f.

1.2.1 Application of Indefinite Integral

It is important to know how to apply the mathematical theory, model and formula in
real world. The indefinite integral is a basic theory in integral calculus. Here, the
application of the indefinite integral will be presented with real world problems that are
mainly used in business and economics.
Suppose the rate of change of a value of a house that cost MMK 30,000,000 can be
modelled by
dV
 2.4e0.08t
dt

2
Where V is the market value of the house in millions of kyats and t is time in year since the
house was purchased. It is to find the function that expresses the predicted value V in term
of t. To approach the estimated values of the house after two years and ten years.
We start solving the problem with indefinite integral,

dV
V  dt   2.4e0.08t dt
dt
1
V  2.4 e0.08t ( )(0.08dt )
0.08

V  30e0.08t  C
Using V= 30(million kyats), when t = 0, then the result will become
30 = 30 + C
C= 0, then the function of time becomes

V  30e0.08t
The above function is the original function of the given problem. It gets from the given
dV
derivative,  2.4e0.08t .
dt
The indefinite integral gives the general function of the problem if the derivative is already
known. It can evaluate the different results by substituting the values of variable t in the function.
The predicted value of the house can be estimated by using indefinite integral method. In this
problem, we can estimate some values of the house when the time in any year.
First, it can estimate value of that house after two years, t =2. Then, Substitute t =2 as follow

V  30e0.08(2)
V  35.9165
As the calculation, the house will be worth MMK 35,916,500 after two years. Again, it can solve the
value of house after ten years, t =10

V  30e0.08(10)
V  66.7662
In the results above, the house will be worth MMK 66,766,200 after 10 years. We found that the
indefinite integral can estimate the predicted value the original function on different intervals. The
indefinite integral not only gives the general function but also provides the predicted value on
different intervals if the interval value has already been known.

3
2. Definite Integral
2.1 Area under the Graph of a Function and Riemann* Sum
Let f be a non-negative continuous function on [a, b]. Then, the area of the region
under the graph of f is

A  lim[ f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )  ... f ( xn )]x ,

n 

where x1 , x2 ,..., xn are arbitrary points in the n subintervals of [a, b] of equal width
x  (b  a) / n . [ f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )  ... f ( xn )]x is called Riemann Sum.

2.2 Definite Integral

Let f be a continuous function defined on [a, b]. If

lim[ f ( x )x  f ( x )x  ... f ( x )x]

n 
1 2 n

exists for all choices of representative points x1 , x2 ,..., xn in the n subintervals of [a, b] of equal
width then this limit of Riemann Sum is called the definite integral of f from a to b and it is
b


denoted by f ( x)dx . Thus
a

 f ( x)dx  lim[ f ( x )x  f ( x )x  ... f ( x )x]

a n 
1 2 n

The number a is lower limit of integration and number b is upper limit of integration.

2.3 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Let f be a continuous function on the interval [a, b], and g be anti-derivatives of f on

b
the interval. The definite integral of f from a to b written  f ( x)dx
a
is the number g(b)- g(a).

 f ( x)dx  g (b)  g (a)

a

*
German Mathematician Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866)
4
The number b is called the upper limit of the integral and a is called lower limit. As with
the indefinite integral,  f ( x)dx  f ( x)dx , the function f is called the integrand.

2.4 Application of Definite Integral

Definite integral is the essential field in mathematics. It is important to understand

how to apply integral calculus in real world. In this section, we present how to apply it in
practical problem solving. We emphasize the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to solve the
definite integral problems.
Suppose that a Vending Machine Service company models its income by assuming
that money flows continuously into the machine, with the annual rate of flow given by

f (t )  120e0.01t (0 ≤ t ≤ 3)

in thousands of kyats per year. It is to find the total income from the machine over the first
three years.

In definite integral, we can solve the above problem by using fundamental theorem
of calculus. This theorem gives more precise estimated value on the given interval. I(t)
represent the total income of the company. t represents time in year. First, we start the
definite integral with upper and lower limits.
3
I (t )   f (t )dt
0

3 3
I (t )   120e 0.01t
dt I (t )   120e0.01t dt
0 0
Here, we do calculation as follow

e0.01t 3 e0.01t 3
I (t )  120 I (t )  120
0.01 0 0.01 0
3
I (t )  12000e0.01t
0
In this stage, we use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus by substitution limit values as follow

I (t )  12000e0.01(3) 12000e0.01(0)

I (t )  12365.45 1

I (t )  12364.45 I (t )  12364.45

5
 We found that the company's income over the first three years is 12365.45 thousand kyats.
Fundamental theorem of calculus helps definite integral to find the exact value between the
given intervals. Again, we continue with another problems to understand the application of
definite integral. A store finds that its sale revenue change at a rate given by

S '(t )  30t 2  360t S '(t )  30t 2  360t dollars per day.

where t is the number of day after advertising campaign ends and 0 ≤ t ≤ 30. First it is to find the
total sale revenue for the first week after the campaign end (0 ≤ t ≤ 7). Next, we will find the total
sale revenue for the second week after the campaign end.
The rate of change at time is modelled by the company themselves. The problem solving is
as follow:
S(t) represent the total sale in time t.
7
S (t )   (30t 2  360t )dt
0

30t 3 360t 2 7
S (t )   
3 2 0

7
S (t )  10t 3  180t 2
0

S (t )  [10(7)3  180(7)2 ]  [10(0)3  180(0)2 ]

S (t )  5390

As the result, the store earns 5390 dollars for the first week. Then, we solve for the second
week after the campaign ends. It means the time in day is from t =7 to t =14. Like the above
calculation, we can substitute the interval easily.

14
S (t )  10t 3  180t 2
7
S (t )  [10(14)  180(14)2 ]  [10(7)3  180(7)2 ]
3

S (t )  [10(14)3  180(14)2 ]  [10(7)3  180(7)2 ]

S (t )  2450 S (t )  2450

Here, the sale revenue for the second week will be 2450 dollars. Definite integral
gives the exact value between the given interval. It is more convenient method in integral
calculus. If the rate of change and interval are known, it is easy to find the exact value.

6
 Conclusion
Actually, integral is essential not only for mathematicians but also for business men,
engineers and scientists. Indefinite integral describes the general term of the function and it
can also give the particular solution when the initial condition is given. It can solve the
different solutions in different interval values. The definite integral can be used to find the
net value rather than indefinite integral. Like the indefinite integral, the definite integral can
be applied in real world. Fundamental theorem of calculus is essential to solve the definite
integral .the definite integral is also used in business and economics. The result in real
application of both definite and indefinite integral give precise estimated result on each
condition. The indefinite integral emphasizes to find the function of the problem and can
solve the problems with conditions. Definite integral emphasizes to find the precise value or
net value on limited interval. It is concluded that the indefinite integral can give the general
function to solve the problem and the definite integral can find the definite result on interval
[a, b].

Acknowledgment

First I would like to give special thanks to Dr Moe Moe Yee, Rector, Co-operative University, Sagaing, for her
close supervising on this paper.

References

[1] Soo T. Tan , "Applied Mathematics for Management, Life and Social Sciences" , 5th , 2010, Brooks Cole,
Cengage Learning.

[2] Ronald J.Harshbarger and James J. Reynolds, "Mathematical Application For Management, Life and
Social Sciences", 9th, 2009, Brooks Cole, Cengage Learning.

[3] Ron Larson & David C. Falvo , Calculus: An Applied Approach, 8th , 2009, Brooks Cole, Cengage
Learning.