Key Terms and People: Early African Civilizations Lesson 5

Name_________________________________ Class_____________________ Date _____________
Early African Civilizations

Lesson 5
Main Ideas
1. African customs blended with Christian religious beliefs to create a new form
of Christianity in Ethiopia.
2. Some historians think the migration of the Bantu caused one of the most
significant cultural transformations in African history.
3. Sub-Saharan Africans and Muslim merchants, among others, traded
precious metals and cattle.
Key Terms and People

Ethiopia powerful East African kingdom formed by the descendants of Aksum
Coptic Christianity form
of Christianity that blends Christian teaching with
African customs; name comes from Arabic word for “Egyptian”
Bantu name for 400 ethnic groups that come from the eastern, central, and
southern regions of Africa; means “people” in many native languages
Great Zimbabwe a
Bantu kingdom founded by the Shona in about AD 1000;
name means “stone houses”
Swahili blended African-Arab culture common in East Africa
Lesson Summary
The Ethiopian Kingdom
Ethiopia was an East African kingdom that By 1150, what had
formed at the same time that Ghana declined happened to Ethiopia?
and Mali began growing in importance. The __________________________
descendants of Aksum created Ethiopia. By __________________________
1150, it had become one of Africa’s most
__________________________
powerful kingdoms.
King Lalibela was Ethiopia’s most famous
ruler. He ruled in the 1200s and had 11 Christian
churches built during that time. They were carved
into solid rock, and many still stand today.
Most Ethiopians believed in Christian What made Ethiopia
teachings and African customs. These two things different from its
neighbors?
blended together to form Coptic Christianity.
Christianity made Ethiopia different from its __________________________
neighbors because most of them were Muslim.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
182 Guided Reading Workbook

Name _________________________________ Class _____________________ Date _____________
Lesson 5, continued
THE BANTU MIGRATION AND Great ZIMBABWE

No one is certain why the Bantu migrated. It might Underline two reasons that
have been because the Sahara was becoming a might explain why the
Bantu migrated.
desert. Maybe the Bantu needed new crops for
food. Historians think the way these ethnic groups
moved caused a great cultural change in Africa.
Most Bantu were farmers or herders who
raised cattle. They needed pasture where they
could raise animals and fields for their crops. By
about AD 300, the Bantu had settled much of
Africa that was south of the Sahara.
One Bantu ethnic group called the Shona Why do scholars and
founded the kingdom of Great Zimbabwe. No experts only have ideas
and theories about Great
written records exist about it, but archeologists
Zimbabwe?
have found three sets of ruins that are the
__________________________
remains of granite structures. There are many
__________________________
theories about how the structures were used and
why they might have been built. However, __________________________
scholars and experts disagree on these ideas.
SUB-SAHARAN TRADE
Trade was important to the Bantu. They traded
iron tips for weapons to get plants or wild game
from hunter-gatherers. Based on artifacts they
have found, archaeologists know that Great
Zimbabwe was also a trading city.
Cities in East Africa became trading centers Who lived in East Africa
for resources like copper and goods like coffee. because it was an easy
place to do work and make
Muslim traders lived in this area because it was an
money?
easy place to do their work, and they made lots of
__________________________
money. Muslim communities grew. Swahili, a
__________________________
culture that blended elements of African and
Arab life, also developed in East Africa.
CHALLENGE ACTIVITY
Critical Thinking: Analyze Use the library or
Internet to research a tradition in Swahili life or
Coptic Christianity. Then write a short essay that
explains how the tradition shows that different
cultures or ideas have blended.

Name _________________________________ Class _____________________ Date _____________
Lesson 5, continued
DIRECTIONS On the line before each statement, write T if the

statement is true and F if the statement is false. If the statement is
false, change the underlined term to make the sentence true. Then
write the correct term on the line after the sentence.
�� 1. Bantu was an East African kingdom created by the descendants
of Aksum.
____________________________________________________________
�� 2. The name of Coptic Christianity comes from the Arabic word for
“Egyptian.”
____________________________________________________________
�� 3. The Shona founded a kingdom called Ethiopia in about AD 1000.
____________________________________________________________
�� 4. Great Zimbabwe is the name for 400 ethnic groups that come from the
eastern, central, and southern regions of Africa.
____________________________________________________________
�� 5. Elements of African and Arab culture are blended together in Swahili.
____________________________________________________________
DIRECTIONS Look at each set of vocabulary terms. On the line

provided, write the letter of the term that does not relate to the
others.
�� 6. a. Ethiopia
b. Swahili
c. Coptic Christianity
�� 7. a. Aksum
b. Bantu
c. Great Zimbabwe

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Name_______________________ Class_ Date ___

Early African Civilizations

Key Terms and People

neighbors because most of them were Muslim.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

182 Guided Reading Workbook

THE BANTU MIGRATION AND Great ZIMBABWE

scholars and experts disagree on these ideas.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

183 Guided Reading Workbook

DIRECTIONS On the line before each statement, write T if the

DIRECTIONS Look at each set of vocabulary terms. On the line

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

184 Guided Reading Workbook

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